CN1483538A - Method and apparatus for peparing hydrogen induced rareearth magnetic-like anisotropic magnetic powder - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for peparing hydrogen induced rareearth magnetic-like anisotropic magnetic powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method of hydrogen induced rare earth magnetic anisotropic magnetic powder and its preparation equipment. The hydrogen treatment process includes four stages of low temp. hydrogen absorption, high temp. hydrogen absorption, high-temp. dehydrogenation and cooling, and said equipment is formed from material cylinder, heating device and temp. control system, rotating system, gas supply system, vacuum air-pumping system, cooling system, temp. monitoring and safety monitoring system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic powder preparation, and particularly provides a preparation method and a batch preparation device of hydrogen induced rare earth magnetic anisotropic magnetic powder.
Background
In recent years, a method of producing a rare earth-T-M-boron-based magnetic powder having excellent magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy by performing a hydrogen absorption reaction at a high temperature around 800 ℃ to disproportionate and decompose a material, and performing a recombination reaction of the material after dehydrogenation treatment has been known. The preparation principle is as follows: the rare earth-T-M-boron material and hydrogen gas are subjected to hydrogen absorption disproportionation reaction at high temperature, wherein the disproportionation reaction can be expressed as Nd-Fe-B material Followed by dehydrogenation recombination reaction, which can be expressed as Nd-Fe-B for example After the above treatment, the original structure is refined, a crystaltexture in the C-axis direction is produced, and excellent magnetic properties are exhibited.
However, the hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reactions of the rare earth-T-M-boron materials are accompanied by strong exothermic and endothermic phenomena, so that the temperature of the reaction system fluctuates greatly. In addition, in the industrial batch preparation process, the hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reactions of the raw materials of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer cannot be simultaneously carried out due to the fact that the material layers are stacked thickly, so that the reaction is not uniform, and the preparation of the high-performance rare earth-T-M-boron magnetic powder is very difficult.
In response to this problem, in japanese patent application laid-open No. 5-163510, the problem of equilibrium heating is solved by heating a rare earth material at a high temperature by radiation heating, but as a result, the problems of temperature instability and unevenness cannot be sufficiently solved.
In Japanese patent application laid-open Nos. 5-171203 and 5-171204, in the high-temperature hydrogen treatment of a rare earth material, a hydrogen-absorbing alloy is used in order to increase the purity of the supplied hydrogen gas, thereby preventing the magnetic properties from being lowered due to contamination with impurities in the hydrogen gas, but the problems of temperature instability and non-uniformity have not yet been solved.
In patent nos. CN1160914A and CN1345073A, japanese know steel company adopts a temperature compensation method, in which two reaction tubes are sleeved together, an outer reaction tube is used for preparing magnetic powder, an inner reaction tube is used for temperature compensation, when the outer reaction tube performs a hydrogen absorption and heat release reaction, the inner compensation tube performs a dehydrogenation endothermic reaction, and the endothermic amount and the exothermic amount in the two reaction tubes are compensated and offset by heat conduction, thereby achieving the purpose of stably controlling the temperature. However, since the exothermic and endothermic reactions are carried out instantaneously, the heat conduction process of the material is much slower than the reaction process of the material, and therefore, when the amount of the reactant is large (>5kg), the slow heat conduction process limits the temperature compensation effect, so that the amplitude of the temperature fluctuation is increased, and in addition, the reaction uniformity among different material layers cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and a preparation device of hydrogen-induced rare earth magnetic anisotropic magnetic powder. The method for controlling the reaction rate by rotating the furnace charge and adjusting the hydrogen partial pressure effectively solves the problems of low and uneven performance caused by unstable and uneven temperature of the rare earth-T-M-boron raw materials at different parts in the furnace due to exothermic and endothermic reactions of the rare earth-T-M-boron materials during batch preparation when the rare earth-T-M-boron materials absorb hydrogen and dehydrogenate at high temperature. The preparation method and the preparation device provided by the invention are suitable for industrially and stably preparing the high-magnetic-property anisotropic rare earth-T-M-boron magnetic powder in batches.
The preparation process of the magnetic anisotropic magnetic powder is shown in figure 1, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: placing the raw materials in a rotary reaction furnace at room temperature, rotating at 2-200rpm, and vacuumizing to 1 × 10-2-5*10-5Pa, then raising the temperature to a region of 100-600 ℃ along with the furnaceAt a certain set temperature, hydrogen pressure of 0.8-6atm, low-temperature hydrogen absorption pretreatment is carried out for 0.5-5 hours, so as to ensure that the massive particles are hydrogen exploded and crushed into powdery raw materials and reduce oxidation phenomenon caused by directly crushing the raw materials into fine powder. And then controlling the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace to be higher than the hydrogenation partial pressure of the rare earth-rich phase and lower than the disproportionation decomposition equilibrium partial pressure of the main phase in the raw material, so that the furnace temperature is increased to 950 ℃ from the low-temperature pre-hydrogen absorption temperature, and controlling the hydrogen absorption partial pressure in the temperature rising process can lead the hydrogen absorption and heat release reaction of the rare earth-rich phase in the material to be generated in advance before the high-temperature disproportionation decomposition of the main phase is not generated in the raw material temperature rising process, thereby avoiding the influence of the concentrated hydrogen absorption and heat release reaction on the temperature rising of the material. Then, adjusting the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace to be 0.001-0.01MPa higher than the equilibrium hydrogen partial pressure of the disproportionation decomposition of the main phase in the raw material, carrying out high-temperature hydrogen absorption disproportionation for 1-8 hours and dehydrogenation for 0.5-4 hours in the temperature range of 750-950 ℃, and then carrying out composite treatment, and cooling the reactant to the room temperature at the rate of 20-40 ℃/min, thereby preparing the anisotropic magnetic powder with high performance.
In the process of hydrogen absorption and disproportionation, thedisproportionation decomposition exothermic reaction of the main phase of the raw material can be divided into two processes, firstly, the main phase of the raw material and hydrogen gas have violent disproportionation decomposition reaction and are accompanied with the generation of a large amount of heat; then, the disproportionation and decomposition of most of the main phase is completed, only a small amount of undistributed materials such as the core of the powder particles continue to be disproportionated and decomposed, and the disproportionated and decomposed materials are further subjected to the reconstruction of the tissue structure, so that the materials have better magnetic properties, and at the moment, the heat release of the materials is greatly reduced, and the temperature is basically not obviously disturbed. Therefore, in the disproportionation decomposition, in order to prevent excessive fluctuation of the temperature, it is important to control the first process of the disproportionation decomposition.
The preparation method is mainly characterized in that: 1. in the whole preparation process of the material, the raw materials continuously rotate and roll, the heat emitted by the raw materials during hydrogen absorption disproportionation decomposition can be timely transmitted to the whole furnace system, and the heat can be timely obtained from the system during dehydrogenation and composite heat absorption, so that the change of the temperature sensed by a temperature control system of the system is more timely, the local (especially lower-layer furnace burden) overheating/supercooling phenomenon during the exothermic/endothermic reaction of the standing raw materials is avoided, the raw materials at all places in the reaction furnace have the same reaction temperature, and the raw materials at all places in the reaction furnace are in a uniform hydrogen partial pressure environment, so that the reaction is simultaneously carried outduring the hydrogen absorption disproportionation and the dehydrogenation decomposition, the reaction rates are uniform, and the uniformity of the material performance is ensured.
2. The reaction rate and the heat absorption/release quantity are controlled by adjusting the hydrogen partial pressure in the reaction process, so that the strong temperature fluctuation generated by the heat absorption/release in the reaction process is effectively reduced, and the reaction temperature of the system is controlled within the allowable temperature fluctuation range of +/-10 ℃. During the temperature raising process, the hydrogen partial pressure inside the furnace is first regulated to be higher than the critical hydrogen absorbing partial pressure of the RE-rich phase in the material and lower than that of Nd in the material2Fe14B is the critical disproportionated hydrogen partial pressure of the main phase, so that the rare earth-rich phase in the material generates hydrogen-absorbing heat-releasing reaction in advance in the process of heating the raw material and before the main phase is not subjected to high-temperature disproportionated decomposition, thereby avoiding the influence of the concentrated hydrogen-absorbing heat-releasing reaction on the temperature rise of the material. In the high-temperature hydrogen absorption disproportionation process, the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace is adjusted to be slightly higher than the disproportionation decomposition equilibrium hydrogen partial pressure of the main phase material in the raw material, so that the disproportionation decomposition reaction is carried out under the low hydrogen pressure, the disproportionation reaction rate is controlled, the heat release process of the disproportionation reaction is gradually carried out, the heat release rate is reduced, in addition, the released heat is consumed through the timely adjustment of a temperature control system (a heating and heat preservation system) of the system, and the temperature rise amplitude is reduced. In the process of dehydrogenation and recombination endothermic reaction, the heating system is adjusted in time to increase the heating current, and the temperature is ensured to be within the allowable temperature range through the rapid compensation of the heating system.
The apparatus for producing anisotropic magnetic powder (as shown in fig. 2) of the present invention is a device used for implementing the above method, and mainly comprises: the device comprises a charging barrel 1 filled with rare earth-T-M-boron raw materials, a heating device and a temperature control system 2 for heating a feeding barrel, a rotating system 3 for providing torque by rotating the feeding barrel, a gas supply system 4 for transporting hydrogen and argon to the raw materials, a vacuum pumping system 5 for adjusting hydrogen pressure and reducing hydrogen partial pressure of the raw materials, a cooling system for the equipment and the raw materials, a temperature monitoring system and a safety monitoring system.
The charging barrel 1 for containing the rare earth-T-M-boron raw material is a cylinder with air-permeable holes 6 on two end surfaces of the charging barrel, and as shown in figure 3, the charging barrel 1 is made of a heat-resistant material with good heat conductivity. The purpose of the gas permeable holes 6 is to ensure that hydrogen gas can smoothly enter the barrel and escape from the barrel during the treatment process.
6-30 baffles 7 arranged in a radiation mode are arranged in the charging barrel 1, and when the charging barrel rotates, the baffles increase the friction force between raw materials and the wall of the charging barrel, so that the raw materials roll over along with the rotation of the charging barrel.
Two circular ring-shaped baffles 8 are arranged at the positions 6-12cm away from the end surfaces of the two ends of the charging barrel 1 and are used for preventing the raw materials from rolling and scattering to the end surfaces of the charging barrel, so that the air-permeable holes on the end surfaces of the charging barrel are prevented from being blocked.
At the support position, strengthening rib 9 is add to the feed cylinder outside, and the material of selecting for use is high temperature resistant and stand wear and tear, increases the intensity of feed cylinder on the one hand like this, and on the other hand can strengthen the wearability of feed cylinder, reduces the frictional resistance when the feed cylinder is rotatory.
The supporting part 10 of the cartridge is selected from high temperature resistant high strength bearings to further reduce the frictional resistance of the cartridge when rotating.
3-18 air-permeable holes 6 are uniformly distributed on two end faces of the charging barrel, air-permeable microporous materials are lined in the holes, and the diameter of each micropore is smaller than the granularity of the raw materials so as to prevent the raw materials from escaping.
The heating apparatus of the present invention includes a heating section 11 forming a heating chamber and an inner container 12.
The rotary system 3 for providing torque by the rotation of the feeding cylinder comprises the following parts: a rotating motor 13 outside the heating furnace body, a transmission device 14 for rotating, a dynamic sealing device 15 at the contact part of the transmission device and the furnace body and a connecting part 16 at the top end of the charging barrel. Wherein, the dynamic sealing device 15 at the contact part of the transmission device and the furnace body ensures the tightness and safety of the system in the furnace and prevents the leakage of the system.
The gas supply system 4 for transporting hydrogen and argon to the raw material comprises a hydrogen gas storage bottle 17, an argon gas storage bottle 18, a hydrogen/argon gas purification device 19, a purified hydrogen gas storage tank 20 and a purified argon gas storage tank 21.
The equipment and the raw material cooling system comprise a cooling electric fan 22, a cooling circulating water system 23 and cooling gas 21. The cooling water system 23 mainly provides cooling protection for the sealing system of the equipment, and the cooling fan 22 and the cooling gas 21 mainly ensure that the rare earth-T-M-boron raw materials are rapidly cooled after hydrogen treatment.
The temperature monitoring system of the invention comprises a monitoring thermocouple 24 arranged in the charging barrel and an external temperature display system 25. For accurate temperature measurement, the thermocouple 24 is mounted at a central axis 26 within the barrel and a bracket 27 is mounted at the central axis within the barrel to prevent movement of the thermocouple when the barrel is rotated.
The safety monitoring system of the invention mainly comprises a furnace oxygen content monitoring system 28. Because the hydrogen-oxygen reaction can explode, the oxygen content monitoring device is arranged in the furnace, once the furnace body leakage is found, the dangerous case can be eliminated in time, and the safe operation of the equipment can be ensured.
The rare earth-T-M-boron raw material is characterized in that rare earth refers to rare earth elements such as Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and the like, one or two of Nd and Pr accounts for not less than 50% of the mass fraction of the rare earth, T refers to iron group elements such as Fe, Co and Ni, wherein the Fe accounts for not less than 50% of the mass fraction, and M is a rare earth-T-M-boron material with improved tissue and Nd2Fe14B is an additive element of a typical main phase structure, such as Ti, Zr, Mo, Nb, V, Ga, Al, Cu, etc.
The raw material system adopted by the invention is R-Fe-B system, R-Fe-Co-B system, R-Fe-B-Ga-Nb (Mo, V, Zr) system, R-Fe-B-Co-Ga-Nb (Mo, V, Zr) system and the like.
The raw materials are subjected to hydrogen absorption treatment of disproportionation decomposition reaction and dehydrogenation treatment of recombination reaction, the grain structure is thinned to 0.3 μm from 20-100 μm, and a crystal texture along the main phase C axis direction is generated, so that the magnetic property of the material is greatly improved.
The invention has the advantages that: the method adopts a method of rotating a charging barrel to ensure that rare earth-T-M-boron raw materials are continuously overturned and rolled in the whole treatment process, so that the temperature and the hydrogen partial pressure of furnace burden at each position in a furnace are very uniform, and the temperature fluctuation caused by heat release and heat absorption phenomena generated by hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reactions to the system is reduced by precisely controlling and adjusting the hydrogen partial pressure and the temperature control system in the furnace, so that the temperature fluctuation is controlled within the allowable range of +/-10 ℃, thereby ensuring that the rare earth-T-M-boron materials in the whole reaction system have high and uniform magnetic performance, and the production and the preparation of high-performance anisotropic magnetic powder during mass production.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen treatment process of the present invention. Wherein: i is a low-temperature hydrogen absorption stage; II is a high-temperature hydrogen absorption stage; III is a high temperature dehydrogenation stage; IV is the cooling phase.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rotary hydrogen treatment furnace for preparing high-performance rare earth-T-M-boron magnetic powder according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a cartridge, which is a component in the rotary hydrogen processing furnace of the present invention.
Wherein: a is a schematic outline of the charging barrel of the invention; b is a schematic view of two end faces of the charging barrel; c is a sectional view of the cartridge of the present invention in the axial direction; d is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the cartridge of the present invention.
A charging barrel 1, a temperature control system 2, a rotation system 3, a gas supply system 4, a vacuum pumping system 5, a ventilating hole 6 lined with ventilating micropores, baffle plates 7 arranged in the charging barrel in a radiation way, two circular ring baffle plates 8 at the positions 10cm away from the end surfaces at two ends in the charging barrel, a reinforcing rib 9 outside the charging barrel, a supporting part 10 of the charging barrel, a heating device 11, an inner container 12, a rotation motor 13, a rotation transmission system 14, a magnetic coupling transmission device 15, a connecting part 16 connected with the rotation part at the top end of the charging barrel, a hydrogen gas storage bottle 17, an argon gas storage bottle 18, a hydrogen/argon gas purification device 19, a purified hydrogen gas storage bottle 20, a purified argon gas storage bottle 21, a cooling fan 22, cooling water 23, a furnace monitoring thermocouple 24, a temperature monitoring and displaying system 25, a small hole 26 used for installing a thermocouple at the central axis position in, An oxygen content monitoring system 28, rare earth-T-M-boron raw material particles 29 in a charging barrel, a furnace door 30, a vacuum pumping channel 31 and a hydrogen and argon channel 32.
Detailed Description
Example 1: manufacturing apparatus
The manufacturing apparatus of the high-performance magnetic anisotropic magnetic powder of the present invention is shown in fig. 2, and the cartridge device is shown in fig. 3. The rotary transmission device 15 selected by the embodiment is in magnetic coupling transmission, so that the inner and outer sides of the furnace body in the rotating process are isolated, the tightness and safety of a system in the furnace are ensured, and the system is prevented from being leaked. The high-temperature wear-resistant material required by the preparation of the reinforcing rib 9 of the charging barrel is made of high-temperature-resistant hard alloy. The high-temperature resistant and high-strength material required for the cartridge supporting part 10 is selected from a high-strength ceramic bearing. The lining microporous material 6 of the air holes at the two ends of the charging barrel adopts a stainless steel net. The baffles 7 and 8 in the charging barrel are made of stainless steel plates.
Example 2: process for producing magnetic powder
The treatment capacity of each furnace in the embodiment can be properly selected, for example, 5-50kg, and the furnace body can be further enlarged according to the requirement to increase the treatment capacity of a single furnace.
In this example, the raw material 29 was an Nd-Fe-B-Co-Ga-Nb system, and the specific components (mass fractions) were: nd content 12.5%, Co content 6%,B content 6.2%, Ga content 0.3%, Nb content 0.2%, Fe content 74.8%. When in treatment, firstly, the block raw material 29 is loaded into the charging barrel 1, the furnace door 30 is closed, the rotating system 3 of the charging barrel is opened, then the vacuum air pumping system 5 and the channel 31 are opened, and the air pressure in the furnace is pumped to 5 x 10-3Pa, then the charge 29 together with the cylinder 1 is heated to 280 ℃ to a temperature of which the passage 31 is closed, the passage 32 is opened, 1atm of hydrogen is introduced and a hydrogen-absorbing pretreatment is carried out in this atmosphere for 2 hours. After low-temperature pretreatment, the reactor is started againThe vacuum pumping system and the opening channel 31 pump the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace body to 0.015MPa, at which the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace is higher than the critical hydrogen absorption partial pressure of the Nd-rich phase in the raw material (from the thermodynamic perspective, the Nd-rich phase absorbs hydrogen at the hydrogen partial pressure of 0.01MPa and the temperature range of less than 1000 ℃), and lower than the main phase Nd in the raw material2Fe14Critical disproportionated hydrogen partial pressure of B (Nd at 830 deg.C)2Fe14Critical equilibrium hydrogen partial pressure of phase B is 0.025MPa), closing channel 31, heating to 830 deg.C with the furnace, and performing hydrogen absorption disproportionation.
When the hydrogen is absorbed and disproportionated, the channel 32 is opened, the system is replenished with hydrogen again, the hydrogen pressure is increased to 0.03MPa, at the moment, the hydrogen pressure in the furnace is slightly higher than the disproportionated decomposition equilibrium hydrogen partial pressure (0.025MPa) of the main phase material in the raw materials, and the channel 32 is closed. At this time, the hydrogen partial pressure is finely controlled, and the reaction of disproportionation decomposition and the heat release rate of the raw material are controlled by controlling the low hydrogen partial pressure, so that the raw material will gradually undergo the disproportionation decomposition heat release reaction, thereby avoiding or reducing the instability of material performance caused by the fluctuation of the raw material treatment temperature due to excessive concentrated heat release. In addition, because the raw material 29 rolls over along with the continuous rotation of the charging barrel 1, on one hand, the raw material at each position in the charging barrel is ensured to be uniformly contacted with hydrogen, thereby ensuring that the raw materials at different positions in the charging barrel are uniformly subjected to disproportionation decomposition reaction; on the other hand, the heat released by the main phase disproportionation decomposition of the raw material is ensured to be timely and uniformly transmitted to the whole system and timely fed back to the heating system through the temperature measurement system, so that the heating current of the furnace body is adjusted and reduced, the heating system is in an under-temperature state, the heat released by the main phase disproportionation decomposition of the raw material is compensated by the reduced heat release of the heating system, the temperature fluctuation is reduced, and the temperature rise in the hydrogen absorption process is not higher than 10 ℃. Therefore, the phenomena of uneven material performance caused by uneven disproportionation and decomposition reaction due to uneven contact between the upper, middle and lower material layers and hydrogen caused by over-thick material layer accumulation during static material stacking, and excessive local (especially bottom) temperature rise caused by disproportionated exothermic reaction of the lower and middle layer raw materials and untimely heat transfer to the system are avoided.
As the disproportionation decomposition reaction proceeds, the hydrogen partial pressure is gradually decreased, and at this time, the channel 32 is opened again to replenish the hydrogen gas to a prescribed hydrogen partial pressure of 0.03MPa, so that the disproportionation decomposition reaction of the main phase of the raw material proceeds gradually. As for the raw materials used in this example, the critical equilibrium hydrogen partial pressure of the main phase at 830 ℃ was 0.025MPa, and therefore, the high-temperature disproportionation decomposition hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace was controlled to be in the range of 0.025 to 0.03 MPa.
After the first stage of the hydrogen absorption disproportionation reaction is completed, the passage 32 is opened, purified argon is supplemented into the furnace to be not less than 1atm, and then the passage 32 is closed, so that the purpose of maintaining positive pressure in the furnace is to help to protect the low-oxygen atmosphere in the furnace and to help to prevent oxidation of raw materials.
Disproportionation and heat preservation are carried out for 4 hours at the temperature of 830 ℃, after hydrogen absorption treatment is completed, high-temperature dehydrogenation treatment is carried out, firstly, a vacuum pumping system and a channel 31 are started, hydrogen/argon mixed gas in the furnace is discharged, hydrogen in the rare earth-T-M-boron raw material 29 is forced to be removed, and recombination reaction is carried out. Along with the dehydrogenation reaction, the rare earth-T-M-boron raw material absorbs heat, so that the temperature of the system is reduced, and the raw material 29 continuously overturns and rolls along with the rotation of the charging barrel, so that on one hand, the raw material 29 at each position of the charging barrel can be ensured to be uniformly subjected to dehydrogenation and recombination reaction, and the non-uniformity of magnetic powder performance caused by non-uniform dehydrogenation reaction is avoided; on the other hand, the raw material 29 can quickly absorb heat from the system, and timely feed back to the temperature control system 2 through the temperature measurement systems 24 and 25, the heating current is adjusted and increased, and the heat supply to the system is increased, so that the heat absorbed by dehydrogenation and recombination is compensated by the increased heat release of the heating system 11, the temperature reduction in the dehydrogenation process is not lower than 10 ℃, and no obvious deterioration effect is generated on the final magnetic performance of the material.
When the vacuum degree of the system reaches 1 x 10-2After Pa, the dehydrogenation process is complete, at which point charge 29 is rapidly cooled. When cooling, the heating system 11 of the system is first switched off, then the cooling fan 22 in the furnace is rapidly switched on, and simultaneously the channel 32 is switched on, and cooling gas-argon gas is introduced into the furnace, so that the system is cooled to room temperature at the speed of 25 ℃/min. Thus, the rare earth-T-M-boron magnetic powder with high performance can be prepared.
Through the treatment process, on one hand, the temperature fluctuation generated by the hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reaction of the raw material can be controlled within an allowable range; on the other hand, the rare earth-T-M-boron raw materials in the whole cylinder can uniformly and consistently carry out hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reactions, thereby effectively solving the problems of low and non-uniform material performance during industrial large-scale production caused by violent temperature fluctuation and over-thick material layer accumulation and non-uniform reaction of the upper, middle and lower material layers due to the release/heat absorption of the hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reactions, and providing a feasible preparation method and a preparation device for preparing high-performance anisotropic rare earth-T-M-boron magnetic powder in batches.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing hydrogen-induced rare earth magnetic anisotropic magnetic powder, the hydrogen treatment process comprises: the method comprises four stages of low-temperature hydrogen absorption, high-temperature dehydrogenation and cooling, and is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps: placing the raw materials in a rotary reaction furnace at room temperature, rotating at 2-200 rpm, and vacuumizing to 1 × 10-2-5*10-5Pa, then raising the temperature to 100-600 ℃ along with the furnace, and carrying out low-temperature hydrogen absorption pretreatment for 0.5-5 hours under the hydrogen pressure of 0.8-6 atm; then controlling the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace to be higher than the hydrogenation partial pressure of the rare earth-rich phase and lower than the disproportionation decomposition equilibrium partial pressure of the main phase in the raw material, so that the furnace temperature is increased to 950 ℃ from the low-temperature pre-hydrogen absorption temperature, and controlling the hydrogen absorption partial pressure in the temperature rising process, so that the hydrogen absorption and heat release reaction is carried out in advance before the rare earth-rich phase in the material is subjected to the high-temperature disproportionation decomposition in the raw material temperature rising process and the main phase is not subjected to the high-temperature disproportionation decomposition, thereby avoiding the influence of the concentrated hydrogen absorption and heat release reaction on the temperature; then, adjusting the hydrogen partial pressure in the furnace to be 0.001-0.01MPa higher thanthe equilibrium hydrogen partial pressure of disproportionation decomposition of the main phase in the raw material, carrying out high-temperature hydrogen absorption disproportionation at 750-950 ℃ for 1-8 hours and dehydrogenation for 0.5-4 hours, and then carrying out composite treatment, and then cooling the reactant to room temperature at the rate of 20-40 ℃/min to prepare the anisotropic magnetic powder with high performance.
2. An apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1, wherein: the device consists of a charging barrel (1), a heating device and a temperature control system (2) for heating a feeding barrel, a rotating system (3) for providing torque for the rotation of the feeding barrel, a gas supply system (4) for transporting hydrogen and argon for raw materials, a vacuum pumping system (5) for adjusting hydrogen pressure and reducing the hydrogen partial pressure of the raw materials, a cooling system for equipment and raw materials, a temperature monitoring system and a safety monitoring system.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the feed cylinder (1) is the drum that has ventilative hole (6) at feed cylinder both ends face, the material of feed cylinder (1) is the heat-resisting material that the heat conductivity is good, there are baffle (7) of 6-30 radiation arrangements in feed cylinder (1), there are two ring shape baffle (8) at the both ends of feed cylinder (1) apart from terminal surface 6-12cm department, add high temperature resistant and stand wear and tear strengthening rib (9) at the outside support position of feed cylinder, high temperature resistant high strength bearing is selected for use in support part (10) of feed cylinder, 3-18 ventilative hole (6) of the both ends face evenly distributed of feed cylinder, the ventilative micropore material of hole inside lining, the micropore diameter will be less thanthe granularity of raw materials, the rotatory rotational system (3) that provides the moment of torsion of feed section of thick bamboo constitute and: a rotating motor (13) outside the heating furnace body, a transmission device (14) with rotating action, a dynamic sealing device (15) at the contact part of the transmission device and the furnace body and a connecting part (16) at the top end of the charging barrel.
4. A device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that:
a. the heating device comprises a heating part (11) forming a heating chamber and an inner container (12);
b. the gas supply system (4) comprises a hydrogen gas storage bottle (17), an argon gas storage bottle (18), a hydrogen/argon gas purification device (19), a purified hydrogen gas storage tank (20) and a purified argon gas storage tank (21);
c. the cooling system comprises a cooling electric fan (22), a cooling circulating water system (23) and cooling gas (21);
d. the temperature monitoring system comprises a monitoring thermocouple (24) arranged in the charging barrel and an external temperature display system (25); for accurate temperature measurement, a thermocouple (24) is arranged at a position (26) of the central axis in the charging barrel, and a bracket (27) is arranged at the position of the central axis in the charging barrel to prevent the thermocouple from moving when the charging barrel rotates; the safety monitoring system consists of a furnace oxygen content monitoring system (28).
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