CN1477808A - Quantum coder and decoder of phase modulated polarizing state and its application method - Google Patents
Quantum coder and decoder of phase modulated polarizing state and its application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a quantum coder and decoder with phase modulated polarization state and their application method in the quantum secure communication. Four-state quantum coder or decoder is formed from a phase-polarization controller and a ture random generator, and can implement quantum secure communication using "two linear polarization states and two circular polarization states" four-state coded BB84 protocol; and six-state quantum coder or decoder is formed from two phase-polarization controllers and a synchronous trigger, and can implement six-state coded quantum secure communication.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the special equipment and the application process thereof of the quantum secret communication in the communications field, specifically quantum coding device and the decoder and the application process in quantum secret communication thereof of position phase modulating polarization attitude.
Background technology
In existing quantum private communication technology, three major types agreements such as BB84 agreement, B92 agreement and E91 agreement are arranged, three kinds of coded systems such as two condition coding, four attitudes coding and six attitude codings are arranged.The BB84 agreement belongs to four attitude coded systems, and B92 agreement and E91 agreement belong to the two condition coded system, and the efficient of four attitude coded systems is than higher, and the efficient of two condition coded system reduces by half.
The BB84 agreement adopts the coded system of phase modulated usually, promptly adopt two identical Mach-Zehnder interferometers as the Code And Decode device, the error rate of this coded system is mainly determined by the interference contrast of Mach-Zehnder interferometer except that electrical noise, and in relating to the coherence decision of contrast by light, because the coherence of light is damaged in modulation and transmission course inevitably, and in a single day the coherence is damaged, just can't compensate, therefore, the error rate of this coded system is than higher.
Though the four attitude coded systems that the BB84 agreement also can adopt four nonopiate linear polarization or two linear polarizations to add two circular polarization states realize, can't break through technically at present.
The B92 agreement has phase modulated and Polarization Modulation dual mode usually, and phase encoding mode and BB84 agreement are basic identical, and just the B92 agreement adopts the two condition coding, and efficient reduces by half; And the Polarization Modulation coded system adopts two linear polarization of photon to encode usually, promptly utilizes electrooptic crystal (as KD
*P, LiNbO
3Deng) or the Pockels pond two linear polarization of photon are carried out modulating-coding, because the half-wave voltage very high (several kilovolts) in electrooptic crystal or Pockels pond, use very inconvenient, and the very difficult high spped coding of realizing, especially polarization state of light is subject to the influence of factors such as stress birfringence in the optical fiber and polarization mode dispersion and the interference of environment in transmission course, therefore, the error rate is also than higher.
The E91 agreement is to adopt to tangle the attitude photon and encode, and produces relatively difficulty owing to tangle the attitude photon, and equipment needed thereby is relatively more expensive, is difficult to apply.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the quantum coding device and the decoder of a kind of phase modulating polarization attitude, adopt the method for position phase modulating polarization attitude, make the quantum coding device and the decoder of position phase modulating polarization attitude, and prepare the photon of six kinds of polarization states randomly with described encoder, promptly 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° the linear polarization and the photon of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as left-handed and right-hand circular polarization, also available described decoder produces six kinds of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly, and the photon of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states is detected and decodes; Described encoder can be used for the quantum secret communication of two condition, four attitudes and the six attitudes coding of BB84 agreement, B92 agreement.
The present invention also aims to provide the quantum coding device of institute's rheme phase modulating polarization attitude and decoder application process at quantum secret communication.
The quantum coding device and the decoder of position of the present invention phase modulating polarization attitude comprise four attitude quantum coding devices and decoder and six attitude quantum coding device and decoders.
Described four attitude quantum coding devices are made up of a position phase-Polarization Controller and a true random generator, light path as shown in Figure 2, the input voltage of the phase modulator 4 in the phase-Polarization Controller of position is respectively: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0/ 2 volts of four kinds of voltage (V
0Be half-wave voltage) time, phase-modulator 4 produces respectively: 0, the phase change of pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s, therefore, the output polarization state of light of position phase-Polarization Controller is respectively: four kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as 45 ° of linear polarizations, right-hand circular polarization, 135 ° of linear polarizations, Left-hand circular polarization.The input voltage of phase modulator 4 is provided by true random generator 7, and true random generator 7 can produce randomly: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0/ 2 volts of four kinds of output voltages.Like this, we are developed into the four attitude quantum coding devices of being made up of position phase-Polarization Controller and true random generator, this four attitudes quantum coding device prepares the photon of four kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly, i.e. the photon of four kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as 45 ° of linear polarizations, right-hand circular polarization, 135 ° of linear polarizations and Left-hand circular polarization.
Institute's rheme phase-Polarization Controller is made up of polarization beam apparatus, phase modulator and polarization maintaining optical fibre, light path as shown in Figure 1, a branch of linearly polarized light incides polarization beam apparatus 1, be divided into two bundle orthogonal linearly polarized light I in polarization direction and II, light beam I enters polarization beam apparatus 6 through polarization maintaining optical fibre 2, phase modulator 4 and polarization maintaining optical fibre 5, light beam II enters polarization beam apparatus 6 through polarization maintaining optical fibre 3, when the light path of light beam I and light beam II satisfies: n
1L
3=n
1L
2+ n
1L
5+ n
2L
4The time, (n
1, n
2Be respectively the refractive index of polarization maintaining optical fibre and phase modulator, L
2, L
3, L
5Be respectively the length of polarization maintaining optical fibre 2,3,5, L
4Length for phase modulator 4), polarization interference takes place in light beam I and light beam II at polarization beam apparatus 6 places, its output polarization state of light is by the phasic difference of this two-beam decision, and the size of phasic difference is by phase modulator 4 controls, when the input voltage of phase modulator 4 respectively from 0--2V
0Volt (V
0Half-wave voltage for phase-modulator, about 10 volts) when changing continuously, phase-modulator 4 can produce from the phase change of 0--2 π, therefore, export accordingly polarization state of light can from:------Left-hand circular polarization changes 135 ° of linear polarizations--left-handed elliptical polarization--right-hand circular polarization right-handed elliptical polarization 45 ° of linear polarizations continuously.
Described four attitude quantum decoders are made up of a position phase-Polarization Controller and a true random generator, be used for producing randomly four groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases, and measure base with these four groups and four kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons are detected and decode, these four groups nonopiate measuring polarization state bases are respectively: 45 ° of linear polarizations, right-hand circular polarization, 135 ° of linear polarizations, Left-hand circular polarization, they correspond respectively to the input voltage of phase modulator 4: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0/ 2 volts.That is to say that the random generator 7 of taking seriously produces randomly: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0During/2 volts of four kinds of output voltages, four attitude quantum decoders can produce four groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly.
The method of carrying out the quantum secret communication of BB84 agreement with four attitude quantum coding devices and decoder is to realize the BB84 agreement quantum secret communication of " two linear polarization add two circular polarization states " 4 attitudes coding.Light path as shown in Figure 3, method is as follows: Alice prepares the photon of four kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly with four attitude quantum coding devices, give Bob by Optical Fiber Transmission, Bob produces four groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly with four attitude quantum decoders, four kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons that Alice is sent detect, detecting under the situation of photon, Bob sends to Alice with used measurement base by common signal channel, it is right that Alice tells that those measurement bases of Bob select, the bit of correspondence when Alice is consistent with Bob reservation base then, abandon other data, Bob at will announces some bit, confirm to have inerrancy for Alice, after Alice confirms errorless, can assert that remaining bit sequence gives over to code book after the unmanned eavesdropping.
Described six attitude quantum coding devices are made up of two position phase-Polarization Controllers and a synchronizer trigger, light path as shown in Figure 4, method is as follows: with these two position phases--Polarization Controller rotation 45, make their polarization direction of polarization beam apparatus at 45, so, 45 ° of first phase-Polarization Controller output, 135 ° of linearly polarized lights are concerning second position phase-Polarization Controller, just become the linearly polarized light of 0 ° and 90 °, and the left-handed and right-circularly polarized light of first phase-Polarization Controller output concerning second position mutually-remain left-handed and right-circularly polarized light the Polarization Controller, therefore, concerning second position phase-Polarization Controller, the input photon that four kinds of polarization states are arranged, promptly 0 °, 90 ° linear polarization and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization is when the input voltage of the phase modulator of second position phase-Polarization Controller is respectively: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0In the time of/2 volts, the polarization state of the photon of its output may be: one of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° linear polarization and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization.The relation of the input voltage of the polarization state of output photon and two phase modulators is as shown in table 1.The relation table of the polarization state of table 1 output photon and two phase modulator input voltages
By table 1 as seen, the polarization state of output photon is by the control of the input voltage of two phase modulators in two position phase-Polarization Controllers, when the input voltage of two phase modulators selects 0 randomly, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0In the time of/2 volts, can produce the photon of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° linear polarization and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization randomly.Like this, we have been developed into by two position phase-Polarization Controllers and a synchronizer trigger and have formed six attitude quantum coding devices.
The structure of described six attitude quantum decoders and six attitude quantum coding devices are just the same, its effect is to produce six groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly, six kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons are detected and decode, and these six groups nonopiate measuring polarization state bases are respectively: 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° linear polarizations are measured basic and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization and are measured basic.By table 1 as seen, random generator 7 produces randomly surely: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0During/2 volts of four kinds of output voltages, six attitude quantum decoders can produce six groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly.
The method of carrying out the quantum secret communication of BB84 agreement with six attitude quantum coding devices and decoder is: light path as shown in Figure 5, Alice prepares the photon of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly with six attitude quantum coding devices, give Bob by Optical Fiber Transmission, Bob produces six kinds of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly with six attitude quantum decoders, six kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons that Alice is sent detect, detecting under the situation of photon, used measurement base is sent to Alice by common signal channel, it is right that Alice tells that those measurement bases of Bob select, the bit of correspondence when Alice is consistent with Bob reservation base then, abandon other data, Bob at will announces some bit, confirm to have inerrancy for Alice, after Alice confirms errorless, can assert that remaining bit sequence gives over to code book after the unmanned eavesdropping.The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) with six attitude quantum coding devices of our invention and the quantum secret communication that decoder has been realized six attitudes codings first experimentally, and, with four attitude quantum coding devices of our invention and the quantum secret communication that decoder has been realized the BB84 agreement of usefulness " two linear polarization add two circular polarization states " 4 attitudes codings first;
(2) carry out Polarization Modulation with the method for position phase modulating polarization attitude, modulation electric is forced down, and only needs the 0-10 volt, and utilizes electrooptic crystal to carry out Polarization Modulation, and half-wave voltage needs several kilovolts;
(3) carry out Code And Decode with the method for position phase modulating polarization attitude, can carry out high-precision polarization compensation, reduce the error rate effectively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a phase--the Polarization Controller block diagram;
Wherein: 1,6-polarization beam apparatus, 2,3,5-polarization maintaining optical fibre, 4-phase modulator.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of four attitude quantum coding devices;
Wherein: 1,6-polarization beam apparatus, 2,3,5-polarization maintaining optical fibre, 4-phase modulator, 7-true random generator;
Fig. 3 is four attitude quantum secret communication circuit block diagrams;
Wherein: 1,6-polarization beam apparatus, 2,3,5-polarization maintaining optical fibre, 4-phase modulator, 7-true random generator, 8-Transmission Fibers;
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of six attitude quantum coding devices;
Wherein: 1,6-polarization beam apparatus, 11, the polarization beam apparatus after 45 ° of the 16-polarization direction rotations, 2,3,5,12,13,15-polarization maintaining optical fibre, 4,14-phase modulator, 7,9-true random generator, 8-trigger, 10-monomode fiber;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of six attitude quantum secret communication circuits;
Wherein: 1,6-polarization beam apparatus, 11, the polarization beam apparatus after 45 ° of the 16-polarization direction rotations, 2,3,5,12,13,15-polarization maintaining optical fibre, 4,14-phase modulator, 7,9-true random generator, 8-trigger, 10-monomode fiber, 17-Transmission Fibers.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the quantum secret communication that carries out the BB84 agreement with four attitude quantum coding devices and decoder
We have realized carrying out with the 4 attitude coded systems of " two linear polarization add two circular polarization states " quantum secret communication of BB84 agreement first experimentally.Light path as shown in Figure 3, method is as follows: Alice prepares the photon of four kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly with four attitude quantum coding devices, give Bob by Optical Fiber Transmission, Bob produces four groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly with four attitude quantum decoders, four kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons that Alice is sent detect, detecting under the situation of photon, Bob sends to Alice with used measurement base by common signal channel, it is right that Alice tells that those measurement bases of Bob select, the bit of correspondence when Alice is consistent with Bob reservation measurement base then, abandon other data, Bob at will announces some bit, confirm to have inerrancy for Alice, after Alice confirms errorless, can assert that remaining bit sequence gives over to code book after the unmanned eavesdropping.
Embodiment 2: the quantum secret communication that carries out six attitudes coding with six attitude quantum coding devices and decoder.
We have carried out six attitude quantum secret communications with six attitude coded systems first, light path as shown in Figure 5, Alice prepares the photon of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly with six attitude quantum coding devices, give Bob by Optical Fiber Transmission, Bob produces six kinds of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly with six attitude quantum decoders, six kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons that Alice is sent detect, detecting under the situation of photon, Bob sends to Alice with used measurement base by common signal channel, it is right that Alice tells that those measurement bases of Bob select, the bit of correspondence when Alice is consistent with Bob reservation measurement base then, abandon other data, Bob at will announces some bit, confirms to have inerrancy for Alice, after Alice confirms errorless, can assert that remaining bit sequence gives over to code book after the unmanned eavesdropping.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of four attitude quantum coding devices is characterized in that being made up of a position phase-Polarization Controller and a true random generator, and its light path is as follows: the input voltage of the phase modulator 4 in the phase-Polarization Controller of position is respectively: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0During/2 volts of four kinds of voltages, described V
0Be half-wave voltage, phase-modulator 4 produces respectively: 0, the phase change of pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s, therefore, the output polarization state of light of position phase-Polarization Controller is respectively: four kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as 45 ° of linear polarizations, right-hand circular polarization, 135 ° of linear polarizations, Left-hand circular polarization.The input voltage of phase modulator 4 is provided by true random generator 7, and true random generator 7 can produce randomly: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0/ 2 volts of four kinds of output voltages.
2, four attitude quantum coding devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that institute's rheme phase-Polarization Controller is made up of polarization beam apparatus, phase modulator and polarization maintaining optical fibre, its light path is as follows: a branch of linearly polarized light incides polarization beam apparatus (1), be divided into two bundle orthogonal linearly polarized light I in polarization direction and II, light beam I enters polarization beam apparatus (6) through polarization maintaining optical fibre (2), phase modulator (4) and polarization maintaining optical fibre (5), light beam II enters polarization beam apparatus (6) through polarization maintaining optical fibre (3), when the light path of light beam I and light beam II satisfies: n
1L
3=n
1L
2+ n
1L
5+ n
2L
4The time, polarization interference takes place in light beam I and light beam II at polarization beam apparatus 6 places, and its output polarization state of light is by the phasic difference decision of this two-beam, and the size of phasic difference is by phase modulator 4 controls, described n
1, n
2Be respectively the refractive index of polarization maintaining optical fibre and phase modulator, L
2, L
3, L
5Be respectively the length of polarization maintaining optical fibre (2,3,5), L
4Length for phase modulator (4); When the input voltage of phase modulator (4) respectively from 0--2V
0When volt changed continuously, phase-modulator (4) can produce from the phase change of 0--2 π, described V
0Half-wave voltage for phase-modulator; Therefore, export accordingly polarization state of light can from:------Left-hand circular polarization changes 135 ° of linear polarizations--left-handed elliptical polarization--right-hand circular polarization right-handed elliptical polarization 45 ° of linear polarizations continuously.
3, a kind of four attitude quantum decoders, it is characterized in that forming by a position phase-Polarization Controller and a true random generator, be used for producing randomly four groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases, and measure base with these four groups and four kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons are detected and decode, these four groups nonopiate measuring polarization state bases are respectively: 45 ° of linear polarizations, right-hand circular polarization, 135 ° of linear polarizations, Left-hand circular polarization, they correspond respectively to input voltage .:0, the V of phase modulator 4
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0/ 2 volts.
4, claim 1 or 2 and 3 described four attitude quantum coding devices and decoder are used for the method for the quantum secret communication of BB84 agreement, it is characterized in that: Alice prepares the photon of four kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly with four attitude quantum coding devices, give Bob by Optical Fiber Transmission, Bob produces four groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly with four attitude quantum decoders, four kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons that Alice is sent detect, detecting under the situation of photon, Bob sends to Alice with used measurement base by common signal channel, it is right that Alice tells that those measurement bases of Bob select, the bit of correspondence when Alice is consistent with Bob reservation base then, abandon other data, Bob at will announces some bit, confirm to have inerrancy for Alice, after Alice confirms errorless, can assert that remaining bit sequence gives over to code book after the unmanned eavesdropping.
5, a kind of six attitude quantum coding device or decoders, it is characterized in that forming by two position phase-Polarization Controllers and a synchronizer trigger, its light path is as follows: with these two position phases--Polarization Controller rotation 45, make their polarization direction of polarization beam apparatus at 45,45 ° of first phase-Polarization Controller output, 135 ° of linearly polarized lights are concerning second position phase-Polarization Controller, just become the linearly polarized light of 0 ° and 90 °, and the left-handed and right-circularly polarized light of first phase-Polarization Controller output concerning second position mutually-remain left-handed and right-circularly polarized light the Polarization Controller, therefore, concerning second position phase-Polarization Controller, the input photon that four kinds of polarization states are arranged, promptly 0 °, 90 ° linear polarization and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization is when the input voltage of the phase modulator of second position phase-Polarization Controller is respectively: 0, V
0/ 2, V
0, 3V
0In the time of/2 volts, the polarization state of the photon of its output may be: one of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states such as 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° linear polarization and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization.
6, the described a kind of six attitude quantum decoders of claim 5, it is characterized in that it produces six groups of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly, six kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons are detected and decode, and these six groups nonopiate measuring polarization state bases are respectively: 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 ° linear polarizations are measured basic and left-handed, right-hand circular polarization and are measured basic.
7, claim 5 and 6 described six attitude quantum coding devices and decoder are used for the method for the quantum secret communication of BB84 agreement, it is characterized in that light path is as follows: Alice prepares the photon of six kinds of nonopiate polarization states randomly with six attitude quantum coding devices, give Bob by Optical Fiber Transmission, Bob produces six kinds of nonopiate measuring polarization state bases randomly with six attitude quantum decoders, six kinds of nonopiate polarization state photons that Alice is sent detect, detecting under the situation of photon, used measurement base is sent to Alice by common signal channel, it is right that Alice tells that those measurement bases of Bob select, the bit of correspondence when Alice is consistent with Bob reservation base then, abandon other data, Bob at will announces some bit, confirm to have inerrancy for Alice, after Alice confirms errorless, can assert that remaining bit sequence gives over to code book after the unmanned eavesdropping.
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| CN100365973C (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2008-01-30 | 上海交通大学 | Quanta identity authentication system based on phase modulation |
| CN100376926C (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2008-03-26 | 华南师范大学 | Phase modulation polarization state quantum code device and decode device and application thereof |
| CN105717344A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-29 | 华南师范大学 | Phase-modulator half-wave voltage measuring system and measuring method |
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| CN111585747A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-25 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Transmitting end, encoding method and quantum communication system for realizing six polarization state encoding |
| CN114584220A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-03 | 厦门大学 | Non-orthogonal polarization encoding method based on light spot identification |
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| CN100376926C (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2008-03-26 | 华南师范大学 | Phase modulation polarization state quantum code device and decode device and application thereof |
| CN100365973C (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2008-01-30 | 上海交通大学 | Quanta identity authentication system based on phase modulation |
| CN105717344A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-06-29 | 华南师范大学 | Phase-modulator half-wave voltage measuring system and measuring method |
| CN105717344B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-06-25 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of half-wave voltage of phase modulator measuring system and measurement method |
| CN111106932A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-05-05 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Polarization control system and method based on straight waveguide modulator and quantum key distribution system |
| CN111106932B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-07-09 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Polarization control system and method based on straight waveguide modulator and quantum key distribution system |
| CN111585747A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-08-25 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Transmitting end, encoding method and quantum communication system for realizing six polarization state encoding |
| CN111585747B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2022-04-19 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Transmitting end, encoding method and quantum communication system for realizing six polarization state encoding |
| CN114584220A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-03 | 厦门大学 | Non-orthogonal polarization encoding method based on light spot identification |
| CN114584220B (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-07-25 | 厦门大学 | Non-orthogonal polarization coding method based on light spot identification |
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Assignee: Guangzhou West Mdt InfoTech Ltd Assignor: South China Normal University Contract fulfillment period: 2007.5.9 to 2012.5.9 contract change Contract record no.: 2009440000246 Denomination of invention: Quantum coder and decoder of phase modulated polarizing state and its application method Granted publication date: 20061220 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2009.4.9 |
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