CN1476188A - Time division duplex radio communication system receivel/send linear switch circuit and its realizing method - Google Patents
Time division duplex radio communication system receivel/send linear switch circuit and its realizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The circuit includes power amplifier to amplify emission signal up to emission power, circulator to couple its first port with the amplifier for exporting amplifier output power to the second port of the circulator in order to let antenna emit it, low noise amplifier to couple with circulator third port to receive signal inputted from the second port of the circulator through receiving antenna and to amplify the received signal, control unit consisting of actuating circuits for the power amplifier and the low noise amplifier to cut off the power amplifier at the time of receiving signal and to cut off the low noise amplifier at the time of emitting signal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the communications field, be specifically related to TDD radio communication system and receive and dispatch high-power linear switching circuit and its implementation.
Background technology
Mobile communication system begins to adopt multi-transceiver technology in recent years, and is more and more higher to the linearity of requirement on devices used on the transmitting chain.
Disclosing a kind of antenna switching circuit among the Chinese patent application 96110399.X " antenna switching circuit and wireless communication system " is made of the circulator parts with 3 ends, in 3 ends, first end (CTX) is received radiating circuit, second end (CANT) receives first antenna and the 3rd end (CRX) can be received terminal resistance by first switch block; The second switch parts can terminate to receiving circuit to the 3rd of circulator parts; Can receive receiving circuit to second antenna with the 3rd switch block, thus, just no longer need to use antenna duplexer circuit with big insertion loss, and, except dwindling total, can reduce to insert loss.But this circuit is to be used for diversity receiver, does not consider the influence of the possible instability of common-frequency time division duplex system intermediate power amplifier to low noise amplifier.
The radio-frequency front-end of general TDD (time division duplex) system all is to adopt radio-frequency (RF) switch to control received signal and transmit, but because the nonlinear characteristic of the switching tube of radio-frequency (RF) switch, when communication system is had relatively high expectations to the power output that transmits and linearity (just to adjacent-channel power leak have relatively high expectations the time), can cause power amplifier output radiofrequency signal after radio-frequency (RF) switch, because the linear effect of radio-frequency (RF) switch causes out of band spectrum regeneration, can not meet the demands and adjacent-channel power is leaked.This is because the inelastic region that power enters in its service area when big causes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is shortcoming at above-mentioned prior art, the transmit-receive switch circuit of a kind of TDD of being used for (time division duplex) wireless communication system radio-frequency front-end is provided, has high-power and high linear characteristic, be particularly suitable for adopting in the picture third generation mobile system standard of TDD mode, particularly adopt the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting switching circuit of high-power emission and multi-transceiver technology.
The invention provides a kind of TDD radio communication system and receive and dispatch high-power linear switching circuit, comprising:
Power amplifier is used for transmitting of wireless communication system is amplified to transmitting power;
Circulator, its first port is coupled to power amplifier, is used for the power of described power amplifier output is exported to when launching second port of circulator, to export to the antenna emission;
Low noise amplifier is coupled to the 3rd port of described circulator, with reception antenna when receiving by the received signal of circulator second port input, to amplify described received signal.
Alternatively, described circuit also comprises control switch and control device, described control switch is coupling between the 3rd port and described low noise amplifier of described circulator, described control device is controlled being connected between described control switch disconnects described circulator when transmitting the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier, connects the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier of described circulator when received signal.
Preferably, described circuit also comprises load resistance, be connected with a port of described control switch, described control device is controlled described control switch connects described circulator when transmitting the 3rd port and described load resistance, being connected between the 3rd port that disconnects described circulator when received signal and the described load resistance.
Preferably, described ON-OFF control circuit also comprises delay circuit, be used to control being connected between described control switch disconnects described circulator in preceding the 3rd scheduled time that transmits the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier, after the 4th scheduled time that transmitted, connect the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier of described circulator.
Alternatively, the equivalent characteristic impedance phase of the impedance of described load resistance and antenna together.
Preferably, described control device also comprises power amplifier enable circuits and low noise amplifier enable circuits, to close power amplifier when the received signal, closes low noise amplifier when transmitting.
Alternatively, by two control line controls, described two control lines are connected with the described inversion signal line that enables control line with the control line that enables of described low noise amplifier respectively described control switch by described control device.
Preferably; described power amplifier enable circuits and low noise amplifier enable circuits comprise protective circuit; close power amplifier with first scheduled time before enabling low noise amplifier, second scheduled time before the enable power amplifier is closed low noise amplifier.
The present invention also provides a kind of high-power linear switching circuit of transmitting-receiving of aforesaid TDD radio communication system that utilizes to realize linear method of receiving and dispatching, and comprises step:
According to the communicating requirement and the agreement of described system, determine received signal and the time slot that transmits;
According to described definite received signal and the time slot that transmits, at the described time slot that transmits, connect power amplifier to antenna by circulator, at the time slot of described received signal, connect antenna to low noise amplifier by circulator;
Wherein,, also comprise step: disconnect being connected between circulator and the low noise amplifier, at the time slot of described received signal, also comprise step: connect circulator to low noise amplifier at the described time slot that transmits.
Alternatively, described method also comprises step:
At the described time slot that transmits, the enable power amplifier cuts out low noise amplifier;
At the time slot of described received signal, close power amplifier, enable low noise amplifier.
Preferably, described method also comprises step: at the described time slot that transmits, connect circulator and arrive load resistance in the connectivity port that the time slot of described received signal is connected with low noise amplifier.
Alternatively, the described low noise amplifier of closing, the step of enable power amplifier comprises: send and close the low noise amplifier control signal after first scheduled time, send the enable power amplifier control signal; The described power amplifier of cutting out, the step that enables low noise amplifier is comprised: send and close power amplifier control signal after second scheduled time, send and enable the low noise amplifier control signal.
The present invention can improve the linearity that output transmits, avoid the non-linear interference that causes of general common radio-frequency (RF) switch to adjacent channel, simultaneously, at same duplex communication system frequently, in the TD-SCDMA system, utilize combining of enable signal and circulator and switch, avoid the damage of low noise amplifier.Utilize the control timing arrangement of control signal simultaneously, avoid power amplifier and low noise amplifier instability, prevent self-oscillation the influence of system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the antenna switch circuit of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the control timing figure of the antenna switch circuit of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the typical circuit figure of specific embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 4 has described the circuit theory diagrams of realizing the sequential of Fig. 2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
The present invention utilizes the directional characteristic of circulator, realization is to the flow direction control of wireless receiving and dispatching signal, between output port of circulator and receiving terminal low noise amplifier, increase simultaneously the radio-frequency (RF) switch of a single-pole double throw, the one end output receiving terminal low noise amplifier of this radio-frequency (RF) switch joins, the matched load that another input termination is one 50 or 75 ohm, when the antenna impedance of communication system was 50 or 75 ohm, the termination load was 50 or 75 ohm.The guiding of the radio-frequency (RF) switch of this single-pole double throw is subjected to the control of the transmitting-receiving slot time of system's control.The radio-frequency (RF) switch of single-pole double throw is communicated with the output and the receiving terminal low noise amplifier of circulator in receiving slot, the upward signal of receiving terminal emission, and this moment, power amplifier was closed.When transmission time slot, the radio-frequency (RF) switch of single-pole double throw is connected the output of the circulator matched load with 50 ohm.
Because circulator is passive device, the linearity of himself is very high, and it is very big to bear power, according to design test, from 1 watt to last hectowatt.Very little to input signal to the nonlinear change of output signal.
Understand and realization the present invention the existing embodiments of the invention of describing in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for the ease of persons skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the antenna switch circuit of embodiments of the invention.Mainly by circulator 100, radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 and matched load 103 are formed.
Circulator is one three port devices, and signal is had directed output function.Just, if signal advances by the circulator design direction, its loss is very little, and all signal powers can both be passed through circulator substantially.If signal advances in the other direction by the circulator design direction, its loss is very big, and all signal powers all can not be passed through circulator substantially.
When the TDD system is in transmission time slot, the radiofrequency signal of coming from power amplifier (PA) outputs to the antenna (not shown) through circulator 100, because the linear characteristic in more high-power scope of circulator 100 is very good, therefore, the spectrum structure of the signal of pair amplifier output does not have influence substantially, the nonlinear distortion that produces and the amplitude of harmonic wave are very little, therefore, adjacent-channel power leaks and can not worsen than substantially, and the insertion loss is little, be generally less than 0.3dB, less to the emitted energy loss.Simultaneously, the control line SW1 of radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 and SW2 are subjected to the control of system control time slot, switch 101 will put 3 and point 5 be connected, promptly the port 3 of circulator connects matched load, the prevention at radio-frequency port standing wave that can guarantee to arrive antenna like this under this state is less.Because a port of circulator connects load, is exactly isolator, the output of general power amplifier all designs an isolator, to guarantee output port coupling is preferably arranged.This radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 also has other effect simultaneously, the protection low noise amplifier.Because with antenna can not be to mate fully, the signal that outputs to antenna has portion of energy reflected back circulator, then from putting 2 to point 3, if there is not this radio-frequency (RF) switch, this reflected signal can directly be added to the input of low noise amplifier, might cause low noise amplifier (LNA) to damage, if when particularly bad or antenna has problem in the connection of antenna, the signal power of returning of reflection can be very big, easier damage low noise amplifier.Because radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 is point 3 and point 5 conductings, the isolation of general radio-frequency (RF) switch can reach more than the 20dB, and the signal energy that leaks into the low noise amplifier input like this can be less, can not damage low noise amplifier.This moment, radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 and matched load 103 mainly contained two effects, and the one, form the termination load, improve the coupling of radio-frequency (RF) output end mouth.The 2nd, isolate low noise amplifier, reduce the signal power that arrives low noise amplifier, the protection low noise amplifier is without prejudice.
When receiving slot, this moment, the control line SW1 and the SW2 of radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 were subjected to system's control time slot, switch will be put 3 and 4 be connected with point, from the next signal of antenna, because the orientation of circulator, signal can only being input to low noise amplifier to putting 4, carry out descending amplification from the point 2 of circulator to point 3.Because it is very little that the forward of circulator inserts loss, general＜0.3dB, less to the noise factor influence of system.
Fig. 2 is the control timing figure of the antenna switch circuit of embodiments of the invention.Wherein, transmitting-receiving control signal RX and switch controlling signal SW1 and SW2 homophase or anti-phase, in an embodiment, switch controlling signal SW1 is connected to low noise amplifier enable signal LNA_EN, switch controlling signal SW2 is connected to/LNA_EN simultaneously, and/LNA_EN is the anti-phase differential signal of LNA_EN.LNA_EN, PA_EN are based on the transmitting-receiving control transformation signal of system, and the control device that constitutes by certain logical transition and delay circuit produces, and persons skilled in the art can realize this sequential with logical circuit or other circuit according to this sequential chart.Hereinafter the physical circuit figure of these sequential will be realized in the depicted in greater detail embodiments of the invention.And finishing of the conversion of signals of PA_EN and LNA_EN must be to finish in the protection time slot GT0 of system regulation and GT1.After LNA_EN transforms low level by high level; promptly turn-off low noise amplifier LNA; through after the time delay of t0; after PA_EN just is converted into high level by low level; system is promptly opened power amplifier PA; above process is to finish in protection time slot GT0; equally after PA_EN transforms low level by high level; be switch-off power amplifier PA, through after the time delay of t1, after LNA_EN just is converted into high level by low level; promptly open low noise amplifier LNA; above process is to finish in protection time slot GT1, produces self-oscillation to prevent circuit, causes PA or LNA to damage.In an embodiment of the present invention, being connected between switch controlling signal SW1 that the control device (not shown) produces and SW2 control control switch disconnect described circulator when transmitting the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier, in an embodiment of the present invention, switch controlling signal SW1 height, switch controlling signal SW2 is low, but the connection of cut-off switch 101 to LNA.When received signal, connect the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier of circulator, be not described in detail here.This control device also comprises power amplifier enable circuits and low noise amplifier enable circuits, with by producing LNA_EN and PA_EN signal as described in Figure 2, closes power amplifier when received signal, closes low noise amplifier when transmitting.Though what use among the embodiment is that two switch controlling signals adopt differential mode control, should know, can increase a negative circuit only with a control signal, produces another differential signal, controls two states.In an embodiment; in order to protect low noise amplifier; the enable signal of power amplifier and low noise amplifier satisfies certain relation; power amplifier is just opened low noise amplifier after being closed certain hour; this is to open low noise amplifier and damage low noise amplifier without complete obiteration for the power signal in the circuit that prevents power amplifier; power as the resonant tank of tuned amplifier wants full consumption to need the regular hour; we are called the PA shut-in time; be generally several delicate, this is relevant with circuit parameter such as Q value.In addition, because any circuit all is not an ideal circuit, in order to prevent that low noise amplifier from not cutting out as yet fully and switch when also not getting to load resistance, power amplifier damages low noise amplifier with regard to power output, low noise amplifier also needs to cut out enable power amplifier behind the certain hour, and this time, we were called the LNA shut-in time.Usually, the PA shut-in time is greater than the LNA shut-in time.Control safe sequential though use enable signal among the embodiment, in fact, can realize the identical function of enable signal by control switch signal SW1 and SW2, as after closing the power amplifier certain hour, switch is just connected low noise amplifier, switch is just opened (enabling) power amplifier after disconnecting the low noise amplifier certain hour.Also can adopt enable signal and switch controlling signal that the method and apparatus of protection sequential is all arranged, these all should be included in the claim of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the typical circuit figure of specific embodiments of the invention.The control line SW1 of radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 is connected with anti-phase control line/LNA_EN with the control line LNA_EN that enables of low noise amplifier respectively with SW2.With the switching guide of assurance radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 and the opening and closing of low noise amplifier 104 is synchronous.Because the corresponding shutoff and the control signal of power amplifier (PA) 110 and LNA104 circuit have certain delay; PA after just control signal arrives and LNA circuit can not just be closed immediately fully; probably having the above delay of several microseconds could close fully; so the control enable signal of PA and LNA is in the protection time slot of system; certain shifting to an earlier date and hysteresis must be arranged; to guarantee that the back LNA that PA turn-offs fully just opens, and will guarantee that equally also the back PA that LNA turn-offs fully just opens.
The ON-OFF control circuit (not shown) of output SW1 and SW2 signal also comprises the delay circuit (not shown), be used for being connected between control switch disconnects described circulator in preceding the 3rd scheduled time that transmits the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier, after the 4th scheduled time that transmitted, connect the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier of described circulator.
Fig. 4 has described the schematic diagram of realizing the sequential of Fig. 2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.This mainly utilizes delay circuit to realize, other implementation method also can be arranged, and does not enumerate one by one at this.Logical circuit 300 can adopt the several separate logic circuit chip to realize, also can adopt programmable gate array integrated chips such as (EPLD) to realize.Transmitting-receiving control transformation signal is by a buffer 121, pass through buffer 126 again, to resistance 133, diode 134 is behind the delay circuit that electric capacity 135 is formed and other resistance 130, diode 131, the delay circuit that electric capacity 132 is formed through inverter 129 outputs, produces the PA_EN signal again after the signal of inverter 127 is input to NAND gate 128 jointly.Its basic functional principle is, when transmitting-receiving control transformation signal when being high, the output of buffer 126 also be high, and by 135 chargings of 133 pairs of electric capacity of resistance, diode 134 is in rp state, and 135 chargings are not contributed to electric capacity substantially.When electric capacity 135 charging voltages reached the turnover voltage of gate, NAND gate 128 outputs became low level, and inverter 129 outputs become high level.When transmitting-receiving control transformation signal becomes when low, the output of buffer 126 also be low, and by diode 134 and 135 discharges of 133 pairs of electric capacity of resistance, diode 134 is in the positive conducting state, and conducting resistance is less, and it is very fast that electric capacity 135 is discharged.When electric capacity 135 charging voltages dropped to the turnover voltage of gate, NAND gate 128 outputs became high level, and inverter 129 outputs become low level.Inverter 127 is to guarantee, which kind of state no matter occurs, and as LNA_EN when being high, PA_EN one is decided to be low.In this circuit, can change time of delay by the value that changes resistance 133 and electric capacity 135.
Equally, transmitting-receiving control transformation signal is by a buffer 121, pass through buffer 122 again, to resistance 130, diode 131, behind the delay circuit that electric capacity 132 is formed, with other resistance 133, diode 134, the delay circuit that electric capacity 135 is formed is after the signal of inverter 123 is input to NAND gate 124 jointly, through inverter 125 outputs, produce the LNA_EN signal again.Not gate 124 outputs are connected to SW1, and LNA_EN is connected to SW2.The production of its operation principle and PA_EN is the same, this not with detailed description.In this circuit, can change time of delay by the value that changes resistance 130 and electric capacity 132.
By such circuit, can produce sequential chart shown in Figure 2.
The control line SW1 of radio-frequency (RF) switch 101 and SW2 can realize the sequential functional requirement that some are special by system's directly control separately.
Though the present invention is to be embodiment with transmitting-receiving frequently, persons skilled in the art know that the present invention can be used for non-with the frequency transmission circuit, to improve system reliability, particularly protects LNA.
In the embodiments of the invention, a kind of method of utilizing the high-power linear switching circuit of transmitting-receiving as indicated above to realize linear transmitting-receiving,
At first, according to the communicating requirement and the agreement of described system, as GSM, IS-95CDMA or TDS-CDMA system according to system clock and user's request, can determine that system is to each user's received signal and the time slot that transmits;
Then,,, connect power amplifier to antenna,, connect antenna to low noise amplifier by circulator at the time slot of described received signal by circulator at the described time slot that transmits according to described definite received signal and the time slot that transmits;
In addition,, also disconnect being connected between circulator and the low noise amplifier,, also connect circulator to low noise amplifier at the time slot of described received signal at the described time slot that transmits.
For between interference between isolated power amplifier and low noise amplifier more reliably and protection low noise amplifier, among the present invention, also at the described time slot that transmits, the enable power amplifier cuts out low noise amplifier;
And, at the time slot of described received signal, close power amplifier, enable low noise amplifier.
Stability when launching for the increase system reduces antenna and the not exclusively influence of coupling of power amplifier: at the described time slot that transmits, connect circulator and arrive load resistance in the connectivity port that the time slot of described received signal is connected with low noise amplifier.
In an embodiment, the control signal after first scheduled time that low noise amplifier is closed in output, output enable power amplifier control signal; This first scheduled time, the common low noise amplifier that guarantees cut out fully, can not be subjected to the infringement of power amplifier output power.The control signal after second scheduled time that power amplifier is closed in output, output enable low noise amplifier control signal; This second scheduled time, common guaranteed output amplifier cut out fully.
Though non-homogenous frequency signal transmitting-receiving can realize isolating by filter, requires filter to reach certain isolation, therefore, this method still can be used for non-homogenous frequency signal transmitting-receiving, to improve isolation.
Though described the present invention by embodiment, those of ordinary skills know, the present invention has many distortion and variation and do not break away from spirit of the present invention, wish that appended claim comprises these distortion and variation and do not break away from spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a TDD radio communication system is received and dispatched high-power linear switching circuit, comprising:
Power amplifier is used for transmitting of wireless communication system is amplified to transmitting power;
Circulator, its first port is coupled to power amplifier, is used for the power of described power amplifier output is exported to when launching second port of circulator, to export to the antenna emission;
Low noise amplifier is coupled to the 3rd port of described circulator, with reception antenna when receiving by the received signal of circulator second port input, to amplify described received signal;
Control device comprises power amplifier enable circuits and low noise amplifier enable circuits, to close power amplifier when the received signal, closes low noise amplifier when transmitting.
2. circuit as claimed in claim 1; wherein; described power amplifier enable circuits and low noise amplifier enable circuits comprise the guard delay circuit; close power amplifier with first scheduled time before enabling low noise amplifier, second scheduled time before the enable power amplifier is closed low noise amplifier.
3. circuit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, also comprise control switch, described control switch is coupling between the 3rd port and described low noise amplifier of described circulator, described control device also comprises ON-OFF control circuit, be used to control being connected between described control switch disconnects described circulator when transmitting the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier, when received signal, connect the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier of described circulator.
4. circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein, also comprise load resistance, be connected with a port of described control switch, described control device is controlled described control switch connects described circulator when transmitting the 3rd port and described load resistance, being connected between the 3rd port that disconnects described circulator when received signal and the described load resistance.
5. circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described ON-OFF control circuit also comprises delay circuit, be used to control being connected between described control switch disconnects described circulator in preceding the 3rd scheduled time that transmits the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier, connect the 3rd port and the described low noise amplifier of described circulator in the 4th scheduled time of back that transmits.
6. circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein, by two control line controls, described two control lines are connected with the described inversion signal line that enables control line with the control line that enables of described low noise amplifier respectively described control switch by described control device.
7. one kind is utilized the high-power linear switching circuit of transmitting-receiving of TDD radio communication system as claimed in claim 1 to realize linear method of receiving and dispatching, and comprises step:
According to the communicating requirement and the agreement of described system, determine received signal and the time slot that transmits;
According to described definite received signal and the time slot that transmits, the connection between control power amplifiers, antenna, low noise amplifier and the circulator, the enabling of control power amplifiers and low noise amplifier.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the described low noise amplifier of closing, the step of enable power amplifier comprises: send and close the low noise amplifier control signal after first scheduled time, send the enable power amplifier signal; The described power amplifier of cutting out, the step that enables low noise amplifier is comprised: send and close power amplifier control signal after second scheduled time, send and enable the low noise amplifier signal.
9. as claim 7 or 8 described methods, wherein, the connection between described control power amplifiers, antenna, low noise amplifier and the circulator, the step that enables of control power amplifiers and low noise amplifier comprises:
At the described time slot that transmits:
Connect power amplifier to antenna by circulator;
Disconnect being connected between circulator and the low noise amplifier;
Close low noise amplifier, the enable power amplifier;
Time slot in described received signal:
Connect antenna to low noise amplifier by circulator;
Close power amplifier, enable low noise amplifier.
10. method as claimed in claim 7 also comprises step: at the described time slot that transmits, connect circulator and arrive load resistance in the connectivity port that the time slot of described received signal is connected with low noise amplifier.
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| KR101442051B1 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2014-09-18 | 엠파이어 테크놀로지 디벨롭먼트 엘엘씨 | Active electrical tilt antenna apparatus with distributed amplifier |
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| US7907573B2 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2011-03-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd | TSTD apparatus and method for a TDD CDMA mobile communication system |
| JP2002171194A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Radio equipment, base radio station equipped therewith, portable information terminal and radio communication system incorpolating them |
| KR20020044827A (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-06-19 | 김동우 | Signal-Sensed Path-Switching Optical Repeater Systems for Relaying CDMA/TDD Signals |
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