CN1475779A - Multiple sensor noise and vibration measuring analyzer based on virtual apparatus technology - Google Patents

Abstract

An instrument based on virtual instrument technique for measuring and analyzing the noise of multiple sensors including mois sensor, vibration sensor, and rotation speed sensor is composed of sensors, front-end processor with analog input, and PC with measuring software module for analyzing digital signals. Its advantages are high measuring precision, and high resolution.

Description

Multisensor noise and vibration survey analyser based on virtual instrument technique

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Measurement and analysis instrument, particularly can be used for a kind of multisensor noise and vibration survey analyser that the noise and the vibration of complex mechanical system are measured, analyzed and estimate based on virtual instrument technique.

Background technology

Mechanical part can produce noise and vibration in motion process, both interwovenesses all are presented as mechanical wave.

In electromechanical industries,, all need the noise and the vibration of measurement mechanical system or parts in order to improve production quality, to search the system failure or the overall performance of product being carried out comprehensive evaluation or the like.The structure and the principle of work of noise and vibration measuring set are basic identical, are made up of sensor, signal conditioning circuit, A/D converter, spectrum analysis software and several parts of display.

There is following several problem in domestic noise and vibration measuring instrument at present:

Noise measurement separate with vibration survey an instrument can not measure simultaneously noise and the vibration two kinds of signals, in a mechanical system, noise and vibration are simultaneous often, though have certain relation between the two, but be inaccurate also not detailed only, can influence reliability systematic analysis by the secondhand noise signal of measuring vibrations signal.

2. the structure of surveying instrument is that the traditional form instrument is by circuit board, cabinet and guidance panel are formed, because hardware and software resource-constrained and hardware cost of manufacture height, cause the performance and the function of instrument to be very limited, give an example, in order to improve the resolution of noise spectrum, adopt the method for segmentation filtering, filter bandwidht is got 1/3 octave component, if adopt the hardware filtering device, be subjected to the influence of hardware volume and cost, the number of wave filter is limited, if employing software filter, be subjected to the restriction of hardware and software resource too, so the measuring accuracy of traditional instrument and resolution are difficult to improve.

3. measuring instrument adopts single-sensor than the complicated mechanical system, each mechanical part links together, the parts of motion have a plurality of, noise that they produced and vibration information mutual superposition or be aliasing in together, adopt the single-sensor measuring instrument can't accurately discern and distinguish the concrete feature of noise and vibration signal, thereby be difficult to system and component of machine are analyzed accurately and estimate.

Virtual instrument is the instrument of new generation after digitized instrument and intelligence instrument, and it is with the hardware and software platform of computing machine as instrument, connects by interface card between sensor and the computing machine.Its maximum characteristics are to make full use of computer resource, break through the notion of traditional instrument, panel, cabinet and a large amount of hardware of instrument have been saved, utilize software on computer screen, to construct the soft operation panel, and alternative hardware carries out data processing, analysis and diagnosis, and its computing function and data processing function are that traditional instrument is incomparable.

The Ministry of Science and Technology represents clearly that in " the some main project guides of 2003 annual science and technology-oriented Technological Innovation of Small and Medium Enterprises funds " emphasis subsidizes the development of this class surveying instrument and industrialization (consult project guide: four, optical, mechanical and electronic integration (two) high-performance, intelligent instrumentation 5. virtual instruments and general-utility test platform (1) sound, vibration analysis virtual instrument).

Multi-sensor information fusion is a new branch of science, and many countries (comprise China) all classify it as gordian technique that next stage gives priority to.Multi-sensor information fusion is actually the ability of utilizing computer technology simulation human brain overall treatment challenge.In multisensor syste, a plurality of sensors are installed in the different parts of system under test (SUT), the information that each sensor obtains takes on a different character, these information may be to support mutually or complementation, also may be conflicting or conflict, obtain authentic and valid and reliable information thereby be optimized combination by the information that multi-sensor information fusion technology obtains each sensor.

From patent database, find following patent: " motor oscillating noise level monitor " (00216296.2) and " digital vibration noise detector " (01238477.1), it is acceleration with acceleration vibration transducer measuring vibrations signal, obtain rate signal through an integration, obtain position signalling through quadratic integral, position signalling obtains the equivalence value of vibration signal through A weighted device, because certain relation is arranged between vibration signal and the noise signal, so can obtain the size of noise signal in this way indirectly, this method is called the vibration survey method of noise, and it can not obtain in detail and noise information accurately.These two patents come down to vibration measuring set." stand vibration and noise test device " (01205906.4) mainly is the proving installation of an engine performance, it is (to be a DC level with the output signal of the sound meter of a platform independent, its size has reflected the size of noise) and the output signal of acceleration transducer deliver to wave filter simultaneously, the output signal of wave filter is delivered to computing machine through A/D converter and is carried out record.This patent comes down to be applied in sound meter and acceleration measurement system two cover independent device on the engine characteristic tester simultaneously, and from patent specification and accompanying drawing, do not embody this measurement mechanism survey record noise and vibration simultaneously, therefore, this patent is not to have to measure the independent measuring of noise and vibration simultaneously, and the output of sound meter is sound pressure level, it is the concentrated expression of all frequency contents of noise, can not be used for analyzing the relation between acoustic pressure and the frequency.

Will fundamentally solve the problem that noise and vibration measuring instrument exist, must set about from the structural design of instrument, virtual instrument technique and multi-sensor information fusion technology provide foundation for addressing the above problem.Adopt the noise and the vibration survey analyser of virtual instrument technique and multi-sensor information fusion technology, domesticly do not see identical report.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the problem that at present domestic noise and vibration measuring instrument exist, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multisensor noise and the vibration survey analyser that can measure noise and vibration two kinds of signals, measuring accuracy and resolution height simultaneously, can analyze accurately and estimate system and component of machine based on virtual instrument technique.

To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: based on the multisensor noise and the vibration survey analyser of virtual instrument technique, mainly by sensor, the analog input front-end processor, PC is formed, the output terminal that it is characterized in that sensor is connected with the input end of analog input front-end processor, the serial i of analog input front-end processor/O mouth is connected with the PC serial port, sensor changes the non-electric charge quantity signalling of measuring into electric signal sends into the analog input front-end processor, the analog input front-end processor changes digital signal into after with signal Processing imports PC by serial port, the duty of analog input front-end processor is controlled by PC, and PC carries out analyzing and processing by the Survey Software module to digital signal; Described sensor comprises noise transducer, vibration transducer and speed probe, at least 1 respectively of noise transducer, vibration transducer, and the number of analog input front-end processor is determined according to number of sensors.Wherein noise transducer and vibration transducer can be selected several as required by the user, and speed probe is used to cooperate noise and the vibration survey of rotational workpieces under the different rotating speeds condition.

Described analog input front-end processor is the AD73360 chip of U.S. AD company, this chip has 6 16 A/D converter passages (6 passages can be sampled simultaneously), each passage is made up of signal conditioner, programmable gain amplifier, simulation sigma-delta modulator, sampler and serial i/several parts such as O mouth, also can adopt the analog input front-end processor of other model or adopt the chip that separates to form the analog input front-end processor.

Described PC is equipped with the Survey Software module, adopt the product LabVIEW virtual instrument software constructing virtual instrument software platform of America NI company, the Survey Software module comprises software operation interface, measurement control software module, multi-sensor information fusion software module and spectrum analysis software module four parts, the user selects the number of noise transducer and vibration transducer by the software operation interface, and determine whether to enable tachometric survey, start the measurement control software module then; Measurement control software is controlled the signal that AD73360 gathers each sensor with touring detection mode, and signal is deposited in the internal database; The multi-sensor information fusion software module merges the signal of each sensor, and the signal after will merging also deposits in the internal database; Noise and vibration signal before and after the spectrum analysis software module will merge all carry out spectrum analysis, and spectrogram are presented on the screen of computing machine.

Multi-sensor information fusion is the process that the information of noise transducer and vibration transducer is weighted processing, if X1 (ω), X2 (ω) ..., Xn (ω) represents the spectrum expression formula of n the measured signal of sensor respectively, then the synthetic expression formula of n signal is: $X\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{AliXl}\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)+\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m\; A"\; filenames="A0312832000061.png,A0312832000081.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}A2\mathrm{iX}2\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)+\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{AniXn}\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)$ A1i, A2i in the formula ..., Ani represent respectively X1 (ω), X2 (ω) ..., Xn (ω) different frequency component weighting coefficient, its span is [0,1], the calculating of weighting coefficient can be adopted arithmetic weight, statistical weight or other weighting algorithm, as fuzzy algorithm or neural network algorithm.

The present invention is owing to adopted a plurality of sensors (noise transducer, vibration transducer, speed probe, wherein noise transducer, vibration transducer are at least 1 respectively), and link to each other the purpose that realized measuring simultaneously noise and vibration two kinds of signals, measuring accuracy and resolution height, can analyze and estimate to system and component of machine accurately with PC by the analog input front-end processor.Beneficial effect is: because the software and hardware resources of computing machine is very powerful, so in the spectrum analysis software module, the frequency band of wave filter can be done very narrowly, improved resolution and the accuracy measured greatly 1.; 2. not only can carry out various spectrum analyses, and can carry out various statistical study and correlation analysis noise and vibration signal at random to deterministic noise and vibration signal; 3. owing to adopted multi-sensor information fusion technology, it is accurate more and reliable to make to quality analysis, fault diagnosis and the performance evaluation of complex mechanical system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a software implementation conceptual scheme of the present invention

Fig. 3 is specific embodiments of the present invention figure

Embodiment

The hardware embodiment describes with reference to Fig. 1: noise transducer and vibration transducer 1-1,1-2 ..., 1-n and speed probe 2 connect analog input front-end processor 3, analog input front-end processor 3 connects computing machine 4.The software implementation scheme describes with reference to Fig. 2: the user selects the number of noise transducer and vibration transducer by the software operation interface, and determines whether to enable tachometric survey, starts the measurement control software module then; Measurement control software is controlled the signal that analog input front-end processor AD73360 gathers each sensor with touring detection mode, and signal is deposited in the internal database; The multi-sensor information fusion software module merges the signal of each sensor, and the signal after will merging also deposits in the internal database; Noise and vibration signal before and after the spectrum analysis software module will merge all carry out spectrum analysis, and spectrogram are presented on the screen of computing machine.

Fig. 3 is the application example that the rotating shaft of large-size machine is carried out Measurement and analysis, whether purpose is to analyze machine shaft to exist because of force unbalance or couple unbalance or other former thereby produce rocking vibration, flexural vibrations, radial vibration and axial vibration, also analyzes noise and relation between the vibration and the relation between rotating speed of motor and the overall noise at the different rotating speeds lower bearing simultaneously.Vibration transducer 1-1,1-2,1-3 and 1-4 are by the radial and axial vibration of the bearing seat 6-1 and the 6-2 measurement machine shaft 5 of machine shaft 5 among the figure, noise transducer 1-5 and 1-6 measure the noise of bearing, noise transducer 1-7 measures the noise of motor housing 7 radiation, and speed probe 2 is measured the rotating speed of machine shaft 5.Sensor 1-1,1-2,1-3,1-4,1-5,1-6,1-7 and 2 connect analog input front-end processor 3, and analog input front-end processor 3 connects computing machine 4.In this routine embodiment, the phase relation of vibration transducer 1-1,1-2,1-3 and 1-4 is extremely important to the mode of oscillation of analysis axis, can't realize this function if adopt the single-sensor measuring instrument, both made and adopted many vibration measuring sets, also can't measure 4 phase relations between the vibration transducer.The present invention can provide the spectrogram of single noise transducer and vibration transducer measuring-signal, frequency spectrum of noise signals figure and vibration signal spectrogram after merging simultaneously and merge after noise and vibration signal spectrogram, can carry out the analysis and synthesis evaluation to the noise and the vibration of machine shaft in view of the above.Embodiment of the present invention all are being that traditional measurement instrument and measurement scheme thereof are incomparable aspect resolution, degree of accuracy, reliability and the detailed property.

Claims (4)

1, multisensor noise and vibration survey analyser based on virtual instrument technique, mainly by sensor, the analog input front-end processor, PC is formed, the output terminal that it is characterized in that sensor is connected with the input end of analog input front-end processor, the serial i of analog input front-end processor/O mouth is connected with the PC serial port, sensor changes the non-electric charge quantity signalling of measuring into electric signal sends into the analog input front-end processor, the analog input front-end processor changes digital signal into after with signal Processing imports PC by serial port, the duty of analog input front-end processor is controlled by PC, and PC carries out analyzing and processing by the Survey Software module to digital signal; Described sensor comprises noise transducer, vibration transducer and speed probe, at least 1 respectively of noise transducer, vibration transducer, and the number of analog input front-end processor is determined according to number of sensors.

2, multisensor noise and vibration survey analyser based on virtual instrument technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described analog input front-end processor is the AD73360 chip of U.S. AD company, the AD73360 chip has 6 16 A/D converter passages, and each passage is made up of signal conditioner, programmable gain amplifier, simulation sigma-delta modulator, sampler and serial i/O mouth.

3, multisensor noise and vibration survey analyser based on virtual instrument technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described PC is equipped with the Survey Software module, the Survey Software module comprises software operation interface, measurement control software module, multi-sensor information fusion software module and spectrum analysis software module four parts, the user selects the number of noise transducer and vibration transducer by the software operation interface, and determine whether to enable tachometric survey, start the measurement control software module then; Measurement control software is controlled the signal that AD73360 gathers each sensor with touring detection mode, and signal is deposited in the internal database; The multi-sensor information fusion software module merges the signal of each sensor, and the signal after will merging also deposits in the internal database; Noise and vibration signal before and after the spectrum analysis software module will merge all carry out spectrum analysis, and spectrogram are presented on the screen of computing machine.

4, multisensor noise and vibration survey analyser based on virtual instrument technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: PC carries out analyzing and processing by the Survey Software module to digital signal, comprise multi-sensor information fusion, multi-sensor information fusion is the process that the information of noise transducer and vibration transducer is weighted processing, if X1 (ω), X2 (ω) ..., Xn (ω) represents the spectrum expression formula of n the measured signal of sensor respectively, then the synthetic expression formula of n signal is: $X\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{AliXl}\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}A2\mathrm{iX}2\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)+\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;+\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\mathrm{AniXn}\left(\mathrm{\&omega;}\right)$ A1i, A2i in the formula ..., Ani represent respectively X1 (ω), X2 (ω) ..., Xn (ω) different frequency component weighting coefficient.

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