CN1472566A - Projector with reflective LCD element - Google Patents
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- CN1472566A CN1472566A CNA031490069A CN03149006A CN1472566A CN 1472566 A CN1472566 A CN 1472566A CN A031490069 A CNA031490069 A CN A031490069A CN 03149006 A CN03149006 A CN 03149006A CN 1472566 A CN1472566 A CN 1472566A
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Abstract
To solve problems associated with contrast which is not so heightened as expected and of which the difference among positions on a projection screen is large in using a vertical alignment reflective liquid crystal element which usually accompanies high contrast, in an optical system constructed so as to divide an optical path before a color separation and combination system. Light modulated by the reflective liquid crystal element A6 corresponding to image data is made incident on an analyzer A7 arranged in relation of a crossed Nichol to a polarizer A4 and is analyzed. When a liquid crystal layer of the reflective liquid crystal element A6 is driven and turned on with the image data to be displayed, the analyzer A7 transmits the incident light and when the liquid crystal layer is not driven and is in a turned-off state, the analyzer A7 absorbs the incident light and does not transmit the incident light. An optical retardation plate A5 is uniaxially anisotropic and has an optic axis inclined in a direction oblique to the film surface and the optic axis is set to perpendicularly intersect a transmission axis of the polarizer A4 neighboring the optical retardation plate A5. Thereby a bright optical system is realized at a low cost without using a PBS(polarization beam splitter).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to use the projection arrangement of reflective LCD element, particularly use look separations/look compound component and reflective liquid crystal plate etc. carry out big image demonstration use the projection arrangement of reflective LCD element.
Background technology
In recent years, the research of reflective liquid crystal plate that reflecting electrode improves the numerical aperture of pixel is set in each pixel is actively carrying out always, use the porjection type liquid crystal projector of this reflective liquid crystal plate to come out.This reflective liquid crystal plate and permeation type liquid crystal plate in the past relatively can improve numerical aperture, so can realize miniaturization/high efficiency projection arrangement (projector).
Figure 32 represents to use a routine structural drawing of the projection arrangement of reflective LCD element in the past.As shown in the figure, as the reflection-type projector 10 of projection arrangement roughly by light source 11, polarization spectroscope (PBS) 12, colour splitting prism 14, reflective liquid crystal plate 16R, 16G, (R represents redness to 16B, G represents green, and B represents blueness) and formation such as projection lens 17.
In said structure, the light beam that penetrates from light source 11 extracts linearly polarized light simultaneously with 90 ° of direct of travel bendings by polarization spectroscope (polarization separation prism) 12, incides colour splitting prism 14.The light that incides colour splitting prism 14 separates ejaculation with each primary lights red, green, blue (RGB) respectively, after being reflected, incide polarization separation prism 12 once more by identical light path by each reflective liquid crystal plate 16R, 16G, 16B corresponding to each primary lights.
At this moment, in each reflective liquid crystal plate 16R, 16G, 16B by the light of image modulation in, it corresponding to liquid crystal the reflected light in zone of conducting state half-twist and reflecting on the polarization direction, so see through polarization separation prism 12, form image to screen (not shown) projection from projection lens 17.
In above-mentioned reflection-type projector 10 in the past, use the polarization separation prism 12 of expensive optics, so there is the cost rising problem of reflection-type projector 10.In addition, when polarization separation prism 12 separated polarizations, for the diffusion (for example ± 12 Du diffusion) of the light of light source 11, existence was difficult to separate well the problem of polarization.
To address these problems is purpose, has proposed not use polarization separation prism (PBS), and uses the projection arrangement ((Japan) spy opens the 2000-199883 communique) of the reflective LCD element that can make the light oblique incidence.Figure 33 represents the structural drawing based on the projection arrangement of this scheme.In the drawings, in becoming the reflection-type projector 20 in the past of projection arrangement, the light that penetrates from light source 21 is reflected as almost parallel light by reflective mirror 22, be directly incident on the 1st polarization plates 23 simultaneously, after forming linear polarization (S polarization or P polarization) light there, incide look separation/look compound component (colour splitting prism or dichronic mirror).Look separation/look compound component (here for colour splitting prism 24) is separated into the three primary colours light of RGB with white light, incides reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B.
Here, as reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B, when using the liquid crystal board of vertical orientating type, do not applying voltage to reflective liquid crystal plate, in the vertical orientated state of liquid crystal molecule, polarization of incident light state former state is constant, reflection type liquid crystal board 26R, 26G, 26B reflection.At this moment, the light that is reflected is once more by behind the colour splitting prism 24, by the 2nd polarization plates 25 absorptions of the light path front side that is arranged on projection lens 27 for the 1st polarization plates 23 with the crossed nicols relation, so do not project projection lens 27.That is, realize black display.
On the other hand, applying voltage to reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B, in the state that liquid crystal molecule is flatly put upside down, polarization of incident light state variation, incident light reflection type liquid crystal board 26R, 26G, 26B reflection.At this moment, the light that is reflected by behind the colour splitting prism 24, is throwed through projection lens 27 by the 2nd polarization plates 25 once more.That is, realize that white shows.
Colour splitting prism 24 as look separation/look compound component will be separated into the three primary colours of RGB and have the function that they is incided reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B respectively from the incident light of light source 21, have simultaneously the light from reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B reflection is carried out look synthetic function.The main shaft of the light of the incident reflecting surface of reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B relatively carries out incident with the state of S ripple or P ripple.
Promptly, when carrying out light incident with in addition state, because the reflection characteristic difference of colour splitting prism 24, twice polarized state of light by colour splitting prism has not been linear polarization so reflect also by reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B, can not obtain good black display.
In addition, the orientation of liquid crystal molecule must be able to become the approximate vertical orientation.In this projection arrangement, when inciding vertical orientated reflective liquid crystal plate 26R, 26G, 26B with the light of S ripple (P ripple) incident, its polarization state does not change.That is, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light of incident is perpendicular or parallel in the optic axis of vertical orientated liquid crystal molecule, so polarization state confusion reigned not, former state arrives the 2nd polarization plates 25, is absorbed and realizes black display.
In addition, as the example of optical system colorize, the such projection arrangement of known in the past Figure 34.This figure (A) is the planimetric map of reflection-type projection machine device 30, and this figure (B) is the outboard profile of reflection-type projection machine device 30.Reflection-type projection machine device 30 as in the past projection arrangement comprises: the light source 21 that generates irradiates light; The reflective mirror 22 that irradiates light is reflected as directional light; Irradiates light is given the polarization plates 31 of the polarization characteristic (for example S polarization) of regulation; The color separation cross prisms 32 that have different reflection characteristics based on polarization; The polarization control component with look systematic function 33 of the light of colour splitting prism 32 is incided in generation; And be configured in reflection-type display element 34R, 34G, 34B (light source 21, reflective mirror 22, polarization plates 31, polarization control component 33 constitute illuminators 35) near the color separation cross prisms 32.In addition, reflection-type projection machine device 30 has projection lens 36.
In this reflection-type projection machine device 30, after the light that penetrates from light source 21 carried out linear polarization by polarization plates 31, by look decompositions-Se synthesis system, irregular because of the birefringence generation in output that produces there, and the contrast of acquisition was also low.In addition, the liquid crystal cell that is used for reflection-type display element 34R, 34G, 34B, require the orientation approximate vertical of its liquid crystal molecule, but when having applied electric field, not normal and the generation discrete (デ ィ ス Network リ ネ one シ ョ Application) of the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule, if export fine image, the noise significant disadvantages is arranged then.In addition, because the influence of color separation cross prisms 32 and reflection-type display element 34R, 34G, 34B, there are interference stripes to appear at shortcoming on the image projected.
Open in the 2001-51270 communique (Japan) spy, also proposed projection arrangement shown in Figure 35 40, its purpose is not use expensive PBS, and realizes the projection arrangement that contrast is good with low cost.In Figure 35, the almost parallel light L1 that penetrates from light source 41 becomes converging light L2 by collector lens 42, by polarization plates 43 and plurality of layers of double refracting element 44, incides display element 45 from tilted direction.
In display element 45, incident light is come the modulating polarization direction according to image information and is reflected.The light that is reflected sees through plurality of layers of double refracting element 44 and polarization plates 43 once more, sees through lens 46 and arrives screen (not shown), mirrors image.
In this projection arrangement 40, following technology is disclosed: in plurality of layers of double refracting element 44, make the orientation of the leading phase shaft of birefringence element of the most close display element 45 and liquid crystal consistent, so the light that does not need to be used for from tilted direction carries out birefringence-compensated birefringence element.In this projection arrangement 40, do not represent the formation method of coloured image particularly, but the light that can be counted as by the look decomposing system enters the structure of look synthesis system by polarization-analyzing parts that shake.In this respect, different with above-mentioned reflection-type projection machine device 30 in the past, be not have look to decompose the optical system of the birefringence influence in the synthesis system.But, in this projection arrangement 40 in the past, following such problem is arranged.
It is same parts that light is carried out the parts that polarization or analyzing shake, so can not avoid the influence from the reflecting surface of display element 45, can produce interference stripes on projected picture.In addition, plurality of layers of double refracting element 44 is required strictly to produce the phase differential of λ/4 wavelength in broadband optical wavelength, if the characteristic of some elements of the birefringence element of formation plurality of layers of double refracting element 44 produces deviation, then depart from this condition, so may shine the light of projector etc., make the light grow and characteristic worsens sharp.Particularly in recent years, the constantly miniaturization of propulsion element, if the utilization ratio of light source 41 improves, then the illumination of shadow surface raises.Such problem is fairly obvious in projection arrangement 40 in the past.
Open in the existing apparatus 40 of 2001-51270 communique record (Japan) spy shown in Figure 35, birefringence element (polarizer) the 44th, λ/4 wavelength plates, in addition, proposed to use the projection display equipment (spy opens flat 9-197397 communique, the spy opens the 2000-321576 communique) that has the birefringent optical material of optic axis at vergence direction with contact.
In addition, polarizer is packed in the optical system, the trial that improves the field angle characteristic is very many.For example, open in the existing projection arrangement of flat 9-197397 communique record, use polarizer with sloping shaft above-mentioned spy.This device does not use reflective liquid crystal plate, and use permeation type liquid crystal plate, both sides at liquid crystal cells, in having the described permeation type liquid crystal plate of polarization member and analyzing parts, at liquid crystal cells and polarization member or between liquid crystal cells and analyzing parts, or is furnished with optical compensating gage between the two as polarizer at liquid crystal cells and polarization member, analyzing parts.In this existing apparatus, disclosed can improve from about, contrast when going up inferior vergence direction and watching, and do not reduce contrast when the front is watched.
But in this existing apparatus, contrast is lower than about 100, and the contrast situation more than desired at least 500: 1 in the projector is not discussed.In addition, liquid crystal board is an infiltration type, only sees through 1 light in liquid crystal cells, the characteristic deviation when not considering to see through liquid crystal layer twice fully, the influence of substrate reflection etc.
And open in the 2000-321576 communique the spy, disclosed in the reflection-type active matrix element that uses nematic liquid crystal the display device of the polarizer of overlapping inclination.Owing to use reflective LCD element, thus can be by the high brightness demonstration that become clear, and can show the image that height is meticulous.Therefore, be better than the existing apparatus that above-mentioned spy opens the record of 9-197397 communique.But, enter the identical polarizer of light transmission of element, so the contrast that obtains is below 10, in any case neither can be used for the level of projector's element.
In addition, at document 1 (Journal of the SID 9/3,2001 p213; Matthew Bone, Front-projection optical design for reflective LcoS technology) proposed in to decompose the optical system that the structure of light path is separated in synthesis system light path front side at look.According to this optical system, after the light that penetrates from lamp resolves into RGB by chromatic resolution optical system, adjusted polarization and incided reflective LCD element by polariscope, the light that is reflected is tested polarization before the look synthesis system, so allegedly can obtain 300～500: 1 contrast.But in the optical system of above-mentioned document 1 record, if use vertical orientated reflective LCD element, then contrast improves less than the anticipation degree, and has the big problem of difference that contrast produces because of the position on the projection picture.
, liquid crystal is roughly parallel type with substrate when not applying voltage, has proposed various use dielectric anisotropies and be the liquid crystal mode of the reflection-type of positive nematic liquid crystal.For example, open in the flat 10-90731 communique the spy, disclosed automatic compensating twisted nematic (SCTN:Self-Compensated Twisted Nematic) pattern, open 2000-284331 number and the spy opens 2000-298277 communique and document 2 (Japan Display ' 89 the spy, p.192 (1989)) in disclosed TN-ECB (Twisted Nematic-Electrically ControlledBirefringence) pattern, common name MTV (Mixed Twisted Nematic) pattern, in document 3 (Appl.Phys.Lefe.68, p.1455 (1996)), also disclosed the MTN pattern.
In these patterns, to use when not applying electric field, display white when applying threshold value left and right sides voltage if fully apply voltage, then shows the reflectivity twisted nematic liquid crystal pattern (NW pattern) of the standard white colour pattern of black.
, in these patterns, if fully apply voltage, then liquid crystal becomes vertically, can show black, even but apply great voltage, near the alignment films liquid crystal molecule also becomes the orientation near level, postpones so produce, and has the problem that makes the black level variation.In addition,, need to improve the driving voltage of active matrix in order to apply voltage fully, thereby the transistor increase, loss can form the advantage of the reflective LCD element of pixel by high density.In addition, the problem that also has the visual field angular difference.
[patent documentation 1]
The spy opens the 2000-199883 communique
[patent documentation 2]
The spy opens the 2001-51270 communique
[patent documentation 3]
Te Kaiping 9-197397 communique
[patent documentation 4]
The spy opens the 2000-321576 communique
[patent documentation 5]
Te Kaiping 10-90731 communique
[patent documentation 6]
The spy opens the 2000-284331 communique
[patent documentation 7]
The spy opens the 2000-298277 communique
[document 1]
Journal?of?the?SID?9/3，2001?p213；Matthew?Bone，Front-projectionoptical?design?for?reflective?LcoS?technology
[document 2]
Japan?Display’89，p.192(1989)
[document 3]
Appl.Phys.Left.68，p.1455(1996)
As described above, use the existing projection arrangement of above-mentioned various liquid crystal display cells Namely there is the chief that shortage is also arranged. And do not propose not use PBS, can obtain 500: 1 above right Than degree, produce interference stripes hardly and the left and right sides is irregular, use the projection of reflective LCD element Device.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the invention that makes in view of above problem, and its purpose is to provide a kind of projection arrangement, and this projection arrangement uses the reflective LCD element that can obtain as the required high-contrast of projection arrangement (more than 500: 1).
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of projection arrangement, this projection arrangement uses and does not adopt the structure of PBS and produce interference stripes hardly and the irregular reflective LCD element in the left and right sides.
And, another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of projection arrangement, this projection arrangement uses in MTN pattern and SCTN pattern, can obtain sufficient contrast, the reflective LCD element that the field angle characteristic is also good under low driving voltage.
The present invention to achieve these goals, a kind of projection arrangement that uses reflective LCD element is provided, use the reflective LCD element of inclination projection optics system, make by the look Knock-Down Component three primary colours light that the light that penetrates from light source carries out obtaining after look decomposes is passed polarization member, incide and inserting and putting between transparency carrier and reflection substrate on the reflective LCD element that liquid crystal layer forms, by concerning that with crossed nicols the analyzing parts of configuration come that the reflected light of being modulated according to view data by described reflective LCD element from described reflective LCD element is carried out analyzing and shake with described polarization member, light after shaking by this analyzing parts analyzing of projecting lens enlarging projection, it is characterized in that: between described polarization member and described reflective LCD element, or between described reflective LCD element and the described analyzing parts, polarizer is arranged, it has uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of its optic axis tilts to insert to tilted direction, set the optic axis of described polarizer, with adjacent to the described polarization member of described polarizer or described analyzing parts to see through axle vertical.
In the present invention, by having uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of its optic axis to be inserted between polarization member and the reflective LCD element to the polarizer that tilted direction tilts, or be inserted between reflective LCD element and the analyzing parts, and set the optic axis of this polarizer, with with adjacent to the polarization member of polarizer or analyzing parts to see through axle vertical, can reduce by the reflective LCD element reflection, by the catoptrical black level of analyzing parts absorption.In addition, can only carry out analyzing by polarization member and analyzing parts and shake, and not use polarization spectroscope (PBS) the P polarized light of regulation or S polarized light.
Here, it is that the nematic liquid crystal of bearing has the roughly pre-tilt angle of 80 degree～89 degree that described reflective LCD element makes dielectric anisotropy, and set (45+90 * n) spend (wherein for incident polarization, n is the angle of integer) the position angle, the optic axis of described polarizer is set at the vibration plane of the P polarization that is parallel to incident.
In addition, described polarization member is set at the characteristic that the S polarized light is passed through, described polarizer is arranged between described polarization member and the described reflective LCD element, it is that the nematic liquid crystal of bearing has the roughly pre-tilt angle of 80 degree～89 degree that described reflective LCD element makes dielectric anisotropy, and for incident polarization light settings (45+90 * n) spend (wherein, n is the angle of integer) the position angle, the optic axis of described polarizer is set on the face of vibration plane of the S polarized light that is parallel to vertical incidence.
In addition, it is basic negative uniaxial anisotropy that described polarizer has with plate-like (discotic) liquid crystal, and roughly the same in the inclination of the described discotic mesogenic up and down of film, its pre-tilt angle is that 40 degree～80 degree are just passable; And it is basic negative uniaxial anisotropy that described polarizer has with discotic mesogenic, when the tilt variation of the up and down described discotic mesogenic of film, described discotic mesogenic is tilted big side's arranged opposite in adjacent described polarization member or described analyzing component side.
In addition, the present invention does not have unnecessary surface reflection by described polarizer and adjacent described polarization member or described analyzing parts are fixed integratedly, can improve transmitance.
In addition, the present invention forms the structure at the back side that described polarizer bonding has been formed from the teeth outwards the glass plate of anti-reflecting layer.Thus, can reduce unnecessary boundary reflection.
As another way of the present invention, when using the reflective LCD element of NW pattern, in incident light, use the S polarization, by being inserted between polarization member and the described reflective LCD element to the polarizer that tilted direction tilts with having negative uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of optic axis on the optics, or be inserted between described reflective LCD element and the analyzing parts, and set the optic axis of this polarizer, with with adjacent to the polarization member of polarizer or analyzing parts to see through axle vertical, can reduce catoptrical black level by the absorption of analyzing parts.In addition, can obtain sufficient contrast by described polarization member and analyzing parts, and not use polarization spectroscope (PBS).
The reflective LCD element of described NW pattern is the MTN pattern, its nematic liquid crystal has the pre-tilt angle of 2 degree～5 degree, the windup-degree of liquid crystal layer is 80 degree～90 degree, and the liquid crystal aligning position angle of transparent substrate side is in the scopes of 190～200 degree and even 280～290 degree, and the wavelength of liquid crystal layer normalization to postpone be more than 0.35 below 0.55.Perhaps, the reflective LCD element of described NW pattern is the SCTN pattern, its nematic liquid crystal has the pre-tilt angle of 2 degree～5 degree, the windup-degree of liquid crystal layer is about 60 degree, and the liquid crystal aligning position angle of transparent substrate side is set at one of them that reaches about 150 degree and about 210 degree, or reach one of them of about 330 degree and about 30 degree, and the wavelength of liquid crystal layer normalization to postpone be more than 0.55 below 0.65.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of the present invention the 1st and the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of the projection arrangement of expression the present invention the 1st and the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the figure that expression axial angle that only comprises polarizer with sloping shaft shown in Figure 2 and transmitance change.
Fig. 4 is the field angle performance plot at the 1st embodiment of the simulation acquisition of projection arrangement shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 5 is the field angle performance plot of the present invention the 2nd embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the field angle performance plot that does not insert the 1st comparative example of the polarizer that direction of principal axis tilts.
Fig. 7 is the vital point key diagram of field angle characteristic.
Fig. 8 is the structural drawing of the projection arrangement of expression the present invention the 3rd embodiment.
Fig. 9 is axial the angle that only comprises polarizer with sloping shaft of expression the 3rd embodiment and the figure that transmitance changes.
Figure 10 is the field angle performance plot in the simulation acquisition of the projection arrangement of the 3rd embodiment.
Figure 11 is the field angle performance plot of Re1/Re2=0.13～0.8 o'clock.
Figure 12 is the field angle performance plot of the 2nd comparative example.
Figure 13 is the structural drawing of the 4th embodiment of projection arrangement of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the structural drawing of detailed structure, field angle characteristic and the present invention the 4th embodiment of relation, the polarizer of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of the polarizer among the present invention the 4th embodiment and reflective LCD element.
Figure 15 is the structural drawing of detailed structure, field angle characteristic and the present invention the 5th embodiment of relation, the polarizer of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of the polarizer among the present invention the 5th embodiment and reflective LCD element.
Figure 16 is the structural drawing of relation, field angle characteristic and the present invention the 6th embodiment of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of the polarizer among the present invention the 6th embodiment and reflective LCD element.
Figure 17 is the structural drawing of relation, field angle characteristic and the present invention the 7th embodiment of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of the polarizer among the present invention the 7th embodiment and reflective LCD element.
Figure 18 is the structural drawing of relation, field angle characteristic and the present invention the 8th embodiment of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of the polarizer among the present invention the 8th embodiment and reflective LCD element.
Figure 19 is the structural drawing of relation, field angle characteristic and the present invention the 9th embodiment of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of the polarizer among the present invention the 9th embodiment and reflective LCD element.
Figure 20 is the figure that expression gathers the result of the present invention the 1st～the 9th embodiment and the 1st comparative example.
Figure 21 is illustrated in each example of polarizer and polarization plates, the figure of expectation example and non-expectation example.
Figure 22 is the figure that expression gathers the result of the present invention the 10th～the 29th embodiment and the 2nd comparative example.
Figure 23 is the structural drawing of the present invention's the 3rd embodiment.
Figure 24 is the structural drawing of the projection arrangement of expression the present invention the 4th embodiment.
Figure 25 is the relation of the liquid crystal arrangement direction of the optic axis of direction of vibration, polarizer of incident light of reflective LCD element of the present invention's the 4th embodiment and reflective LCD element, the structural drawing and the field angle characteristic of embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 26 is the graph of a relation of position angle, polar angle and the light intensity of expression the present invention the 4th embodiment.
Figure 27 is the field angle performance plot of the 3rd comparative example.
Figure 28 is the graph of a relation of position angle, polar angle and the light intensity of expression the 3rd comparative example.
Figure 29 is the field angle performance plot of the present invention's the 5th embodiment.
Figure 30 is the graph of a relation of position angle, polar angle and the light intensity of expression the present invention the 5th embodiment.
Figure 31 is illustrated in each example of polarizer and polarization plates, the figure of expectation example and non-expectation example.
Figure 32 is a routine structural drawing of the existing projection arrangement of expression.
Figure 33 is another routine structural drawing of existing projection arrangement.
Figure 34 is the structural drawing of the existing projection arrangement of optical system colorize.
Figure 35 is the another routine structural drawing of existing projection arrangement.
Embodiment
Below, the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element that uses an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing.Fig. 1 (A) is to use the block scheme of the 1st embodiment of projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 1 (B) is the block scheme of the 2nd embodiment of the projection arrangement of the expression reflective LCD element that uses an embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 1 (A), light transmission lens combination A2 from light source A1 ejaculation, by RGB three primary colours light being carried out after chromatic resolution optical system A3 that look decomposes decomposed by look, see through polarization member A4 and polarizer A5 respectively, incide the reflective LCD element A6 that between transparency carrier and active matrix reflection substrate, inserts and puts liquid crystal layer.
The light of modulating according to view data with this reflective LCD element 6A incides analyzing components A 7 and the tested polarization with the configuration of cross polarization relation with polarization member A4.Here, by the view data that shows the liquid crystal layer of reflective LCD element 6A is driven and during conducting, analyzing components A 7 sees through incident light, and liquid crystal layer be not driven by the time, analyzing components A 7 absorbs incident lights, and it is passed through.The light that has passed through analyzing components A 7 by look combining optical A8 synthetic after, by projecting lens A9 enlarging projection on not shown screen.
Have again, must after chromatic resolution optical system A3, have polarization member A4, before look combining optical A8, have analyzing components A 7.Relation according to Design for optical system, also main polarization can be adjusted function setting before chromatic resolution optical system A3, if but must after chromatic resolution optical system A3, then need the good polarization member A4 of linear polarization state that chromatic resolution optical system A3 is worsened.
In oblique projection optics system (from axle (off-axis)), the polarizer A5 that is provided with between polarization member A4 and the reflective LCD element A6 has uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of its optic axis tilts to tilted direction, and, set its optic axis, it is vertical that the polarization member A4 adjacent with polarizer A5 sent out through axle.Thus, can not use PBS, realize bright optical system at an easy rate.
Below, use the block scheme of Fig. 1 (B) that the present invention's the 2nd embodiment is described.In Fig. 1 (B),, and omit its explanation to attached with same numeral with Fig. 1 (A) same structure part.In the 2nd embodiment, in above-mentioned oblique projection optics system (from axle), following feature is arranged: between reflective LCD element A6 and analyzing components A 7, insert polarizer B1, it has uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of its optic axis tilts to tilted direction, and make its optic axis and analyzing components A 7 to see through axle vertical.Thus, can not use PBS, realize bright optical system at an easy rate.[embodiment]
Below, various embodiments of the present invention are described.Structural drawing when the black display of the 1st and the 2nd embodiment of the 1st embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Fig. 2 (A), Fig. 2 (B) expression use an embodiment of the present invention and white show.In Fig. 2 (A), Fig. 2 (B), use the projection arrangement 50 of the reflective LCD element of the present invention the 1st embodiment on optical path of incident light, to be provided with the polarizer 53 that from incident light, takes out the 1st polarization plates 52a of linear polarization and have the direction of principal axis incline structure to reflective LCD element 51.And on reflected light light path, the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 52b is set from reflective LCD element 51.
As the liquid crystal molecule that constitutes liquid crystal layer 56, be nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy of vertical orientating type.On the surface of transparency carrier 54 that is connected to liquid crystal layer 56 and reflection substrate 55, in order to give orientation to liquid crystal molecule, for example form the alignment films (not shown) that polyimide film that milled processed crosses constitutes, for example give the pitch angle of about 80～89 degree and with respect to the face position angle of about 45 degree of the polarization axle of polarization plates the liquid crystal molecule of original state.
Fig. 2 (A) does not apply standard black (NB) pattern that shows black under the electric field status (original state) on each pixel electrode of expression, and liquid crystal layer 56 ends.Fig. 2 (B) is the pattern of display white, the state when expression liquid crystal layer 56 is driven to conducting.
Below, the action of present embodiment is described.In Fig. 2 (A), Fig. 2 (B), the light that never illustrated light source penetrates at first only takes out the P polarized light by the 1st polarization plates 52a, then, by polarizer 53 modulation that direction of principal axis tilts, incides reflective LCD element 51.The optical axis of the polarizer 53 that direction of principal axis tilts is consistent with the inner face of the S polarization of incident vibration.Polarizer 53 with axle of inclination for example uses be disclosed in (Japan) spy open flat 9-197397 communique or special open the disclosure of 2000-321576 communique discotic mesogenic is arranged in polarizer on the substrate etc.
The light that incides reflective LCD element 51 penetrates by liquid crystal layer 56 and transparency carrier 54 by be reflected reflective electrodes reflects on the substrate 55 of liquid crystal layer 56 again, incides the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 52b.
Here, on each pixel electrode, do not apply electric field, liquid crystal layer 56 for by the time, the polarization of incident light state is by reflection substrate 55 reflection of remaining untouched.In this case, the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 52b that the light that is reflected is arranged on the light path front side of projecting lens 57 absorbs, so shown in Fig. 2 (A), do not incide projecting lens 57.That is, realize black display.On the other hand, on each pixel electrode, apply electric field, when driving liquid crystal layer for conducting, make the polarization of incident light state of reflective LCD element 51 rotate and reflect by reflection substrate 55.In this case, the light that is reflected by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 52b, is exaggerated through projecting lens 57 and is projected on the not shown screen shown in Fig. 2 (B).
Here, the pre-tilt angle with liquid crystal layer 56 is that 85 situations about spending are that example illustrates.As the characteristic of the polarizer 53 with sloping shaft, the angle of for example using substrate-side is that the angle of 4 degree, face side is the polarizer of 80 degree.Fig. 3 represents the 1st polarization plates 52a and the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 52b are inserted into the transmitance variation of only measuring the polarizer 53 with this sloping shaft in the optical system of placing with the crossed nicols state.In the figure, the longitudinal axis is represented transmitance, and transverse axis is represented polar angle.As shown in the figure, have polar angle and be near transmitance maximum-60 degree, polar angle is near the characteristic of transmitance minimum 35 degree.
In the real system that uses this polarizer 53, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains as shown in Figure 4, near when spending at position angle 90 as can be known polar angle 15～25 degree black level diminishes (among Fig. 4, the circle of dotted line is the unit circle of polar angle 20 degree, and the circle expression polar angle of minimum diameter is 20 degree: (following field angle performance plot too)).
Light is about 12 degree to the incident angle of liquid crystal layer 56, the F value of projecting lens is 2.4, and (lens in this case are taken into the angle and are about 12 degree, so being taken into polar angle by field angle is that 0～24 degree, position angle are the light of 258～272 degree scopes) time, contrast when projecting on the screen is about 650: 1, can not have the even demonstration of left and right sides contrast inclination (left and right sides is irregular).In addition, do not observe the interference phenomenon of following surface or interface internal reflection yet.
Below, the 2nd embodiment of the present invention is described.The structure of present embodiment is identical with the 1st embodiment shown in Figure 2, but difference is that as the polarizer 53 with sloping shaft, the angle of for example using substrate-side is that the angle of 10 degree, face side is the polarizer of 70 degree.As shown in Figure 5, the field angle characteristic of present embodiment enlarges near the field angle of the azimuth direction of the black level the polar angle 10 on the degree directions of position angle 90 as can be known.Contrast when projecting on the screen is 600: 1 o'clock, the even demonstration that can not have left and right sides contrast to tilt.In addition, do not observe the interference phenomenon of following surface or interface internal reflection yet.
The situation that to not insert the polarizer 53 that direction of principal axis tilts below illustrates that as the 1st comparative example the 1st comparative example and the 2nd embodiment's is different.Have, the structure of the 1st comparative example is not except having polarizer 53 again, and all the other structures are identical with the structure of Fig. 2.In the 1st comparative example, on the actual picture that is projected, can see the tilt phenomenon of left and right directions black level.At the high position of contrast, contrast is 700: 1, and is 300: 1 at the low position of contrast.Also can be observed the interference phenomenon of following the surface and interface internal reflection.
The field angle characteristic of the 1st comparative example is shown in Fig. 6.The field angle property list of Fig. 6 is shown under the black display situation that does not apply voltage on the liquid crystal, if liquid crystal has pre-tilt angle, then contrast obtains the position at central part, contrast height on polarization direction and perpendicular direction, but the time with respect to the polarization direction, particularly in the incident angle of light that has from 45 degree tilted directions, light leak sharp, black level rises, and contrast descends.
In addition, spend the part of (being equivalent to observe from the situation of the light of incident of oblique below and reflection from oblique upper) observes as can be known at the position angle 90 from light incident, if polar angle diminishes (if making light incident obliquely), then the black level that obtains along with azimuthal skew is changing.This means that by on the picture that throws the inclination of black level is arranged on left and right directions, about contain the inclination of contrast.To be observed to the inconsistent look of characteristic of three reflective liquid crystal plates when synthetic irregular, very obvious carrying out look for this phenomenon.
Fig. 7 represents the vital point of field angle characteristic.As shown in the figure, (coaxial) light vertically enters vertically and penetrates usually, so the characteristic of the middle body of circle is important, and from axle the time, light incident obliquely is so the characteristic of this part is important.Usually, the only directional light of expectation incident, in any case all light optically focused is shone, institute is so that the coniform irradiation of light (instead).The broadening angle of circular cone is called cone angle, and the characteristic of the optical range of this angle is important.
For example, be under the above-mentioned coaxial situations of light time of 15 degree at cone angle, the center of light is polar angle 0 degree (centre), so if contain cone angle, then polar angle is to become part and parcel in the circle of 15 degree (radius 15).Under the situation of axle, for example consider that the direction of 270 degree from the position angle is spent polar angles (from vertical bank 16 degree) when carrying out light incident with 16, the scope of the light of reflection is being that 90 degree, polar angle are in the ellipses shown in Figure 7 of 16 degree as the center with the position angle.From this viewpoint, in the present embodiment, the black of this part becomes good as can be known.
So, according to above-mentioned the 2nd embodiment, owing to do not use PBS, so can realize becoming clear, cheap optical system, and light need be entered element obliquely, but only the adjustment of most appropriate mode is carried out at the position around this incident angle, so can obtain very high contrast.And, according to above-mentioned the 2nd embodiment, the condition of polarization plates is not strict, polarization member (the 1st polarization plates 52a) and be used to from the surface of reflective LCD element or analyzing parts (the 2nd polarization plates 52b) that interface etc. is reflected into cause are crossed nicols relation independently is not so there are interference stripes to be projected in situation on the picture.In addition, after decomposing, look has polarization member and analyzing parts, and synthetic in the analyzing laggard circumstances in which people get things ready for a trip of shaking, so there is not the problem of the polarization purity decline that the birefringence in the look decompositions-Se synthesis system causes, have the stable speciality of heat resistanceheat resistant.
But, in the above-mentioned the 1st and the 2nd embodiment, make the polarizer 53 that has to the uniaxial anisotropy of oblique inclination parallel with the vibration plane of incident P polarization, thus the delay of polarizer 53 (refringence and thickness are long-pending) narrow range, and also the field angle characteristic that obtains is narrow.Therefore, in the 3rd embodiment of the present invention of following explanation, making incident polarized light is the S polarization, make have to the polarizer of the uniaxial anisotropy of oblique inclination parallel with face perpendicular to the vibration plane of incident S polarized light.
Below, with reference to Fig. 8 the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described.Structural drawing when the black display of the 3rd embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Fig. 8 (A), Fig. 8 (B) expression use an embodiment of the present invention and white show.In Fig. 8 (A), Fig. 8 (B), use the projection arrangement 60 of the reflective LCD element of the present invention the 3rd embodiment that the polarizer 63 that takes out the 1st polarization plates 62a of linear polarization and have the direction of principal axis incline structure from incident light is set on to the optical path of incident light of reflective LCD element 61, and on reflected light light path, the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 62b is set from reflective LCD element 61.
Reflective LCD element 61 has the transparency carrier 64 and the reflection substrate 65 of arranged opposite, has the structure that inserts and puts liquid crystal layer 66 between it.Have again, though not shown, on the counter surface of transparency carrier 64, form transparency electrode as common electrode, on the counter surface of reflection substrate 65, form a plurality of driving circuit and reflecting electrodes of constituting by MOS transistor or TFT etc. that form for each pixel rectangularly.As Pixel Dimensions, for example form the fine pixel of 10 μ m * 10 μ m general square shape.
As the liquid crystal molecule that constitutes liquid crystal layer 66, use the nematic liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropy with vertical orientating type.On the surface of transparency carrier 64 that is connected to liquid crystal layer 66 and reflection substrate 65, in order to give orientation to liquid crystal molecule, for example form the alignment films (not shown) that the oxide of the silicon of evaporation orientation constitutes, for example give the pitch angle of about 80～89 degree and with respect to the face position angle of about 45 degree of the polarization axle of polarization plates the liquid crystal molecule of original state.Fig. 8 (A) does not apply standard black (NB) pattern that shows black under the electric field status (original state) on each pixel electrode of expression.Fig. 8 (B) is the pattern of display white.
Below, the action of the 3rd embodiment is described.In Fig. 8 (A), Fig. 8 (B), never after the light that illustrated light source penetrates at first resolves into the three primary colours light of RGB by not shown chromatic resolution optical system, only take out the S polarized light by the 1st polarization plates 62a, then, by polarizer 63 modulation that direction of principal axis tilts, incide reflective LCD element 61.The optical axis of the polarizer 63 that direction of principal axis tilts is consistent with the inner face of the S polarization of incident vibration.Polarizer 63 with axle of inclination for example uses be disclosed in that (Japan) spy opens that flat 9-197397 communique or spy open the 2000-321576 communique discotic mesogenic is arranged in polarizer on the substrate etc.The best mode of this polarizer 63 is as follows.
(1) polarizer 63 is the optical anisotropic layer of the compound composition with discotic structure unit of transparency carrier (transparent supporting body) and setting thereon.
(2) disc face of the unit discotic structure unit of optical anisotropic layer is with respect to the transparent supporting body surface tilt, and the angle that the disc surfaces of this unit discotic structure unit and transparent support surface form changes on the depth direction of optical anisotropic layer.
(3) the absolute value Re1 that adds up to of the delay of all optical compensating gages of representing with 2. formula and 3. the delay absolute value Re2 of the liquid crystal layer represented of formula satisfy the relation of following formula:
0.4×Re2≤Re1≤1.0×Re2 ①
[wherein, the delay of above-mentioned optical compensating gage by
{n1-(n2+n3)/2}×d ②
Definition (in the following formula, n1, n2 and n3 represent three direction of principal axis refractive indexes of above-mentioned optical compensating gage, have the refractive index that reduces in proper order by this, and d represents the thickness that the nm of above-mentioned optical compensating gage converts), and the delay of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by
{m3-(m1+m2)/2}×d′ ③
Definition (in the following formula, m1, m2 and m3 represent three direction of principal axis refractive indexes of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, have the refractive index that reduces in proper order by this, the thickness that the nm of the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer of d ' expression converts)].
Turn back to Fig. 8 once more and illustrate, the light that incides reflective LCD element 61 penetrates by liquid crystal layer 66 and transparency carrier 64 by be reflected reflective electrodes reflects on the substrate 65 of liquid crystal layer 66 again, incides the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 62b.
Here, on each pixel electrode, do not apply electric field, liquid crystal layer 66 for by the time, the polarization of incident light state is by reflection substrate 65 reflection of remaining untouched.In this case, the light that is reflected is absorbed by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 62b of the light path front side that is arranged on projecting lens 67, so shown in Fig. 8 (A), do not incide projecting lens 67.That is, realize black display.On the other hand, on each pixel electrode, apply electric field, when liquid crystal layer 66 conductings are driven, make the polarization of incident light state of reflective LCD element 61 rotate and reflect by reflection substrate 65.In this case, the light that is reflected by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 62b, is exaggerated through projecting lens 67 and is projected on the not shown screen shown in Fig. 8 (B).
Here, the pre-tilt angle with liquid crystal layer 66 is that 85 situations about spending are that example illustrates.As the characteristic of polarizer 63 with sloping shaft, the angle of for example using substrate-side be 4 the degree, face side angle be 80 the degree, the film surface direction delay be about the polarizer of 107nm.Fig. 9 represents transmitance and only comprises the variation of the direction of principal axis surface angle of the polarizer with this sloping shaft.In the figure, the longitudinal axis is represented transmitance, and transverse axis is represented polar angle.As shown in the figure, have the characteristic of polar angle near transmitance maximum-55 degree.The S polarization is from substrate-side incident.
In using the real system of this polarizer 63, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains as shown in figure 10, near the black level when spending at position angle 90 as can be known polar angle 15～20 degree diminishes.Light is that the F value of about 12 degree, projecting lens is 2.4 (lens in this case are taken into the angle and are about 12 and spend to the incident angle of liquid crystal layer 66, so under field angle, can be taken into polar angle is that 0～24 degree, position angle are the light of 78～102 degree scopes), contrast when being projected on the screen is about 1000: 1, contrast about not having tilts, and can show uniformly.In addition, do not observe the interference that is accompanied by surface or interface internal reflection yet.
Have, the vergence direction of the liquid crystal in the time of will having negative dielectric anisotropy and make liquid crystal vertical-tropism is set at respect to incident polarized light that (45+90 * n) brightness of azimuthal situation to liquid crystal applied voltages time of { n is the angle of integer } is the brightest again.But, compare with 135 degree with being set at 45 degree, preferably be set at 45 degree and 225 degree or 45 degree and 315 degree and reduce black level.
2. the delay of above-mentioned optical compensating gage is defined by above-mentioned formula, and this delay Re1 is 107nm.And the delay of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 66 is defined by above-mentioned 3. formula, and in this case, Re2 is 267nm.Re1 is 0.40 times of Re2.
Field angle performance plot under Figure 11 (A)～Figure 11 (G) expression Re1/Re2=0.13～0.8 situation does not have effect if this ratio is little, and if big, variation on the contrary then is so be preferably in 0.2～0.5 scope.In addition, be that the position angle of 85 degree, liquid crystal is 45 when spending at the pre-tilt of liquid crystal, the delay Re2 of liquid crystal layer is 267nm.Under this condition, the optimum value of delay Re1 with polarizer of negative optics uniaxial anisotropy is 86nm.The incident of light is the P polarization.
Below, in the 3rd embodiment, the situation of not inserting the polarizer 63 of direction of principal axis inclination is illustrated as the 2nd comparative example.All the other optical arrangement are identical with above-mentioned the 1st comparative example with above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment.In the picture of actual projection, can see the tilt phenomenon of left and right directions black level.At the high position of contrast, its contrast is 700: 1, and at the low position of contrast, its contrast is 300: 1.Can be observed the interference phenomenon of following surface or interface internal reflection.
The field angle characteristic of the 2nd comparative example is shown in Figure 12.From field angle characteristic shown in Figure 12 as can be known, under the black display situation that does not apply voltage on the liquid crystal, if liquid crystal has pre-tilt angle, the position that then obtains contrast is at central part, contrast height on polarization direction and perpendicular direction, but with respect to the polarization direction, particularly the time, light leak sharp from the incident angle of the light of 45 degree tilted directions, black level rises, and contrast can descend.
In addition, the part of 90 degree at the position angle (being equivalent to from the situation of oblique below 270 degree position angle incidents) is observed as can be known, if polar angle diminishes (if making light incident obliquely), then the black level that obtains along with azimuthal skew is changing.This means that by on the picture that throws the inclination of black level is arranged on left and right directions, about have contrast inclination.This phenomenon carry out look when synthetic because the characteristic of three reflective liquid crystal plates is inconsistent, observe colored irregular, very obvious.
To this, in the 3rd embodiment, on incident light, use the S polarization, has negative uniaxial anisotropy on the optics, the face that the polarizer 63 that incident light is tilted to tilted direction and the direction of vibration of incident S polarized light are vertical is parallel, thereby shown in the field angle characteristic of Figure 10, black level decline, and contrast improves, and the angular range that obtains contrast enlarges.
Below, with reference to Figure 13 the 4th embodiment of the present invention is described.Structural drawing when the black display of the 4th embodiment of the 2nd embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 13 (A), Figure 13 (B) expression use an embodiment of the present invention and white show.In Figure 13 (A), Figure 13 (B), use the projection arrangement 70 of the reflective LCD element of the present invention the 4th embodiment that the 1st polarization plates 72a that takes out linear polarization from incident light is set on to the optical path of incident light of reflective LCD element 71, and on reflected light light path, polarizer 73 and the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 72b with direction of principal axis incline structure are set from reflective LCD element 71.
As the liquid crystal molecule that constitutes liquid crystal layer 76, use the nematic liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropy with vertical orientating type.On the surface of transparency carrier 74 that is connected to liquid crystal layer 76 and reflection substrate 75, in order to give orientation to liquid crystal molecule, for example form the alignment films (not shown) that polyimide film that milled processed crosses constitutes, for example give the pitch angle of about 80～89 degree and with respect to two position angles of about 45 degree of the polarization axle of polarization plates the liquid crystal molecule of original state.Figure 13 (A) does not apply standard black (NB) pattern that shows black under the electric field status (original state) on each pixel electrode of expression.Figure 13 (B) is the pattern of display white.
Below, the action of the 4th embodiment is described.In Figure 13 (A), Figure 13 (B), after the light that never illustrated light source penetrates at first resolves into the three primary colours light of RGB by not shown chromatic resolution optical system, only take out the P polarization by the 1st polarization plates 72a, incide reflective LCD element 71.The light that incides reflective LCD element 71, is modulated by the polarizer 73 that direction of principal axis tilts after penetrating by liquid crystal layer 76 and transparency carrier 74 by the reflective electrodes reflects on the liquid crystal layer 76 and the substrate 75 that is reflected again.The optical axis of the polarizer 73 that direction of principal axis tilts is consistent with the inner face of the P polarization of incident vibration.Polarizer 73 with axle of inclination use for example be disclosed in (Japan) spy open flat 9-197397 communique or special open the 2000-321576 communique discotic mesogenic is arranged in polarizer on the substrate etc.
P polarized light by this polarizer 73 incides the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 72b.Here, on each pixel electrode, do not apply electric field, make liquid crystal layer 76 by the time, the polarization of incident light state is by reflection substrate 75 reflection of remaining untouched.In this case, the light that is reflected is absorbed by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 72b that the light path front side at projecting lens 77 is provided with, so shown in Figure 13 (A), do not incide projecting lens 77.That is, realize black display.On the other hand, on each pixel electrode, apply electric field, when driving liquid crystal layer 76 for conducting, make the polarization of incident light state of reflective LCD element 71 rotate and reflect by reflection substrate 75.In this case, the light that is reflected by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 72b, is exaggerated through projecting lens 77 and is projected on the not shown screen shown in Figure 13 (B).
Here, the pre-tilt angle with liquid crystal layer 76 is that 85 situations about spending are that example illustrates.As the characteristic of the polarizer 73 with sloping shaft, the angle of for example using substrate-side is that the angle of 4 degree, face side is the about 142nm of delay of 80 degree, film surface direction, the polarizer of position angle 270 degree.To the light of polarizer 73, the big side incident from the pitch angle.
The relation of observing the liquid crystal arrangement direction II of the optic axis I of polarizer 73 and reflective LCD element 71 from in-plane of Figure 14 (A) expression the present invention the 4th embodiment, (D represents to observe from reflective LCD element 71 and polarizer 73 uniform cross section directions the relation of the direction of vibration of the structure of the 4th embodiment and incident light and liquid crystal arrangement direction etc. to this figure, and this figure (B) represents the detailed structure of the polarizer among this figure (D).In Figure 14 (D), incide the P polarized light that the light of the 1st polarization plates 72a vibrates and be removed in being parallel to the vibration plane III of paper, incide the reflective LCD element 71 of liquid crystal arrangement direction (liquid crystal position angle 45 degree) II.
Light by these reflective LCD element 71 reflections incides polarizer 73.As Figure 14 (B) amplified diagram, when this polarizer 73 was made of the such discoid liquid crystal molecule of discotic mesogenic, its liquid crystal molecule disposed shown in 78 like that, and optic axis is configured on the direction shown in the arrow 77.The polarized light that sees through polarizer 73 sees through the S polarized light that vibrates on perpendicular to the paper direction by the 2nd polarization plates 72b.
In the real system that uses this polarizer 73, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains is shown in Figure 14 (C), and near the black level when spending at position angle 90 as can be known polar angle 15～20 degree diminishes.Light is that the F value of about 12 degree, projecting lens is 2.4 (lens in this case are taken into the angle and are about 12 and spend to the incident angle of liquid crystal layer 76, so under field angle, can be taken into polar angle is that 0～24 degree, position angle are the light of 78～102 degree scopes), contrast when being projected on the screen is about 1000: 1, contrast about not having tilts, and can show uniformly.In addition, do not observe the interference that is accompanied by surface or interface internal reflection yet.
Below, with reference to Figure 15 the 5th embodiment of the present invention is described.The major part structural drawing of the 5th embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 15 (D) expression use an embodiment of the present invention.In this figure (D), the structure division identical with Figure 14 (D) with Figure 13 is marked with same numeral, and omits its explanation.The 5th embodiment shown in Figure 15 (D) and above-mentioned the 4th embodiment relatively, identical point is, the polarizer 81 that axle is tilted is arranged on and makes from the liquid crystal position angle is that the reflected light of the reflective LCD elements 71 of 45 degree arrives on the light path of the 2nd polarization plates 72b.But, the optic axis of polarizer 81 represents with I in Figure 15 (A), and its structure represents with 82 in Figure 15 (B), is with the different of the 4th embodiment, optic axis be from face side towards the substrate-side direction, and all differences of arrangement of the such discoid liquid crystal molecule 83 of discotic mesogenic.
Here, the pre-tilt angle with liquid crystal layer 76 is that 85 situations about spending are that example illustrates.As the characteristic of the polarizer 73 with sloping shaft, for example making angle with the light emitting side is that the angle of 80 degree, light incident side is the polarizer of the about 107nm of delay of 4 degree, film surface direction.In the 5th embodiment, to the light of polarizer 81, from the little side incident of tilting.
In the real system that uses this polarizer 81, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains is shown in Figure 15 (C), can find out that near the contrast polar angle 15～20 degree has raising slightly when spending at position angle 90, the contrast when being projected on the screen is about 650: 1, not even interference stripes about not seeing.
Below, with reference to Figure 16 the 6th embodiment of the present invention is described.The major part structural drawing of the 6th embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 16 (C) expression use an embodiment of the present invention.In this figure (C), to being marked with same numeral, and omit its explanation with Fig. 8 (A), structure division that Fig. 8 (B) is identical.The 6th embodiment shown in Figure 16 (C) is characterised in that, at reflected light path polarizer 86 is set from the reflective LCD element 61 of reflective LCD element 61 to the 2nd polarization plates 62b, be substituted among the embodiment of the 2nd embodiment the polarizer 63 that is provided with in input path from the 1st polarization plates 62a of above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment to the reflective LCD element 61 of reflective LCD element 61.Structure beyond the polarizer 86 is identical with the 3rd embodiment.That is, the 1st polarization plates 62a only takes out the S polarized light of direction of vibration perpendicular to the paper direction shown in Figure 16 (C), and the 2nd polarization plates 62b only is parallel to the P polarized light of paper direction by direction of vibration shown in Figure 16 (C).
The liquid crystal arrangement direction of reflective LCD element 61 is 225 degree position angles that Figure 16 (A) represents with VI, and the optical axis of polarizer 86 is represented with I in this figure (A).The optic axis of the polarizer 86 that axle tilts is represented like that from face side towards the substrate-side direction with 87 in Figure 16 (C), as its characteristic, for example making angle with the light emitting side is that the angle of 4 degree, light incident side is that the delay of 80 degree, film surface direction is about the polarizer of 107nm.
In using the real system of this polarizer 81, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains is not seen near the raising of the contrast polar angle 15～20 degree when spending at position angle 90 fully shown in Figure 16 (B), and the contrast when being projected on the screen is about 20: 1.But, not even interference stripes about not seeing.
Below, with reference to Figure 17 the 7th embodiment of the present invention is described.The major part structural drawing of the 7th embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 17 (C) expression use an embodiment of the present invention.In this figure (C), the structure division identical with Figure 16 (C) is marked with same numeral, and omits its explanation.The 7th embodiment shown in Figure 17 (C) and above-mentioned the 6th embodiment are relatively, identical point is, the polarizer 91 that axle is tilted is arranged on and makes from the liquid crystal position angle is that the reflected light of the reflective LCD elements 61 of 225 degree arrives on the light path of the 2nd polarization plates 62b, and the discoid Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment mode and the 6th embodiment of the optic axis of the polarizer of representing with V among Figure 17 (A) 91 and this discotic mesogenic are different.
Here, the optic axis of the polarizer 91 that axle tilts is represented like that from face side towards the substrate-side direction with 92 in Figure 17 (C), as its characteristic, in that for example to make angle with the light emitting side be that the angle of 4 degree, light incident side is that the delay of 80 degree, film surface direction is about aspect the polarizer of 107nm the polarizer 86 with the 6th embodiment identical, but difference is, the position angle of polarizer 86 is 270 degree, and the position angle of this polarizer 91 is 90 degree.
In using the real system of this polarizer 81, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains is not almost seen near the raising of the contrast polar angle 15～20 degree when spending at position angle 90 shown in Figure 17 (B), and the contrast when being projected on the screen is about 5: 1.But not even interference stripes about not seeing.
Below, with reference to Figure 18 the 8th embodiment of the present invention is described.The major part structural drawing of the 8th embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 18 (C) expression use an embodiment of the present invention.In this figure (C), the structure division identical with Figure 14 (D) is marked with same numeral, and omits its explanation.The 8th embodiment shown in Figure 18 (C) is characterised in that, polarizer 95 is set, and replaces the polarizer 73 of the 4th embodiment shown in Figure 14 among the embodiment of the 2nd embodiment.The optic axis of this polarizer 95 is represented like that from face side (light incident side) towards substrate-side (light output side) with 96 in Figure 18 (C), as its characteristic, the angle of for example using substrate-side be 80 the degree, face side angle be 4 the degree, the film surface direction delay be about the polarizer of 107nm, different with polarizer 73, little from a pitch angle side incident to the light of polarizer 95.
The relation of the optic axis I of Figure 18 (A) expression polarizer 95 and the liquid crystal arrangement direction II of reflective LCD element 71.In the real system that uses this polarizer 95, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains is shown in Figure 17 (B), can find out near the raising of the contrast polar angle 15～20 degree when spending at position angle 90, the contrast when being projected on the screen is about 600: 1, not even interference stripes about not seeing.
Below, with reference to Figure 19 the 9th embodiment of the present invention is described.The major part structural drawing of the 9th embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 19 (C) expression use an embodiment of the present invention.In this figure (C), the structure division identical with Figure 18 (C) is marked with same numeral, and omits its explanation.The 8th embodiment shown in Figure 180 among the embodiment of the 9th embodiment shown in Figure 19 (C) and the 2nd embodiment compares, the reflective LCD element 71 that its unique point is to use reflective LCD element 61 to replace to be used among the 8th embodiment, structure in addition is identical with the 8th embodiment.
Figure 19 (A) represents the relation of the liquid crystal arrangement direction VI of the optic axis I of polarizer 95 of the 9th embodiment and reflective LCD element 61.In the real system that uses this polarizer 95, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains is shown in Figure 19 (B), can find out near the raising of the contrast polar angle 15～20 degree when spending at position angle 90, contrast when being projected on the screen is identical with the 8th embodiment to be about 600: 1, not even interference stripes about not seeing.
Figure 20 concludes above the 1st to the 9th embodiment of expression and each characteristic of the 1st comparative example and the performance of acquisition.In the figure, CR represents contrast ratio (Contrast Ratio), i.e. the brighteness ratio of white demonstration and black display.In addition, the polarization plates angle is with the plane of incidence of reflective LCD element during as the plane of x axle and y axle, x axle with horizontal direction rotates to be positive angle as the benchmark inhour, at incident light is under the situation of linear polarization, comprises angle that the face of this direction of vibration and component side form and be on the element surface angle from the calculating of x direction.Therefore, under the situation of the P polarized light of position angle 270 degree direction (from oblique below) incidents, the light vibration parallel with the plane of incidence is so the angle that forms with the x axle, be that the plane of polarization angle becomes 90 degree.
Figure 21 represents the polarizer of axle inclination and each example of polarization plates and incident light.In Figure 21 (A)～Figure 21 (E), any one of the polarizer 53,63,73,81,86,91,95 of above-mentioned the 1st～the 9th embodiment of polarizer 101 expressions, schematically expression obtains the situation of the molecules align that the molecule of discotic mesogenic tilts gradually on the thickness direction on film surface.
That is, the optic axis of polarizer 101 (53,63,73,81,86,91,95) is parallel to paper in Figure 21, and optic axis is its film surface tilt relatively, but according to the thickness on distance film surface, the angle of inclination of optic axis gradually changes.Have, polarization plates 102,104,105,106 is equivalent to above-mentioned the 1st polarization plates 62a, 72a or the 2nd polarization plates 62b, 72b again.
Figure 21 (A) is illustrated in the light incident side of polarizer 101 or the setting of light emitting side sees through the characteristic polarization plates 102 of S polarization, and makes light shown in 103, comes the example of incident with the angle of the discotic liquid-crystalline molecules of abundant crosscut polarizer 101.The 1st example is the example that can obtain best contrast, is equivalent to above-mentioned the 3rd embodiment and the 4th embodiment.The optic axis of polarizer 101 of this moment is parallel to paper, and what only make characteristic polarizer 102 that the S polarization sees through sees through axle perpendicular to the paper direction, and both are vertical mutually.
Figure 21 (B) is illustrated in the light incident side of polarizer 101 or the setting of light emitting side sees through the characteristic polarization plates 104 of S polarization, and makes light shown in 103, comes the example of incident with the angle of the discotic liquid-crystalline molecules of abundant crosscut polarizer 101.Wherein, this example is with the different of the 1st example, and polarization plates 104 is configured in the side that the discotic liquid-crystalline molecules apparent surface that makes polarizer 101 almost is arranged in parallel.The 2nd example is the example of the contrast that can obtain to expect, is equivalent to above-mentioned the 5th, the 8th, the 9th embodiment.
Figure 21 (C) is illustrated in the light incident side of polarizer 101 or the setting of light emitting side sees through the characteristic polarization plates 105 of P polarization, and makes light shown in 103, comes the example of incident with the angle of the discotic liquid-crystalline molecules of abundant crosscut polarizer 101.The 3rd example can not obtain sufficient contrast, is the example of not expecting, is equivalent to above-mentioned the 6th embodiment.
Figure 21 (D) is illustrated in the light incident side of polarizer 101 or the setting of light emitting side sees through the characteristic polarization plates 106 of S polarization or P polarization, and makes light shown in 107, comes the example of incident with the angle of the discotic liquid-crystalline molecules of abundant crosscut polarizer 101.The 4th example can not obtain contrast, is the example of least expecting, is equivalent to above-mentioned the 7th embodiment.
The light incident side setting that Figure 21 (E) is illustrated in polarizer 101 sees through the characteristic polarization plates 102 of P polarization, and makes light shown in 103, comes the example of incident with the angle of the discotic liquid-crystalline molecules of abundant crosscut polarizer 101.The 5th example is the example of the contrast that can obtain to expect, is equivalent to above-mentioned the 1st, the 2nd embodiment.
Like this, in above-mentioned the 3rd, the 4th, the 5th, the 8th and the 9th embodiment, by on the incident light of polarizer, using the S polarization, has uniaxial anisotropy negative on the optics, make polarizer 101 (63,73,81,95) that the incident light tilted direction tilts parallel with face perpendicular to the direction of vibration of incident S polarization, can reduce black level, and improve contrast, expansion can fully obtain the angular range of contrast.
But in above embodiment, the structure of only having recorded and narrated the polarizer with sloping shaft is in the light incident side of the light situation different with the outgoing side pitch angle.In the 10th～the 29th following embodiment, even the structure of expression polarizer is the identical also good situation in pitch angle at the light incident side of light with emitting side.In addition, also comprise the restriction of the pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal, if conclude the 10th～the 29th embodiment, then as shown in figure 22.Have again, in Figure 22, represent that also the 2nd above-mentioned comparative example and the 3rd and the 4th embodiment are used for comparison.
Among Figure 22 the 10th～the 12nd embodiment is the structure example of projection arrangement, after will carrying out the look decomposition by the look Knock-Down Component that RGB three primary colours light is carried out the look decomposition from the light that light source penetrates, see through the 1st polarization plates, shine the reflective LCD element that has inserted and put liquid crystal layer between transparency carrier and the active-matrix substrate (reflection substrate).Then, by after shaking with the 2nd polarization plates analyzing of crossed nicols relation configuration with the 1st polarization plates,, has the optical system (from axle) of oblique projection at the light that this reflective LCD element is modulated according to the view data that shows by the projecting lens enlarging projection.Insertion has the polarizer of uniaxial anisotropy, its optical shaft orientation tilted direction inclination between reflective LCD element and the 2nd polarization plates, and the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer of reflective LCD element is 85 degree, and the liquid crystal position angle is 45 degree.To reflective LCD element incident P polarization, the configuration aspects that makes the 2nd polarization plates see through the S polarization is identical.The polarizer characteristic that each embodiment has above-mentioned sloping shaft is identical, and the angle of substrate-side (light emitting side), the angle of face side (light incident side) are identical, but forms different angle structures among each embodiment (50 degree, 40 degree or 30 degree).Wherein, the position angle of polarizer all is 270 degree.
In addition, the 13rd, the 14th embodiment is that with the 10th～the 12nd the different of embodiment the angle of substrate-side of polarizer (light emitting side) and face side (light incident side) is respectively 10 degree and 70 degree, or 70 degree and 10 degree.In these the 10th～the 14th embodiment, the contrast about all not having tilts, and can show uniformly whether observe interference stripes.
As shown in figure 22, the the 15th～the 26th embodiment is in the projection arrangement with above-mentioned oblique projection optics system (from axle), insertion has the polarizer of uniaxial anisotropy, its optical shaft orientation tilted direction inclination between the 1st polarization plates and reflective LCD element, the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer of reflective LCD element is 85 degree, the liquid crystal position angle is 225 degree, and to reflective LCD element incident S polarization, the structure that makes the 2nd polarization plates see through the P polarization is identical, but the pre-tilt angle of the pre-tilt angle of the light incident side of polarizer, delay, emitting side is different.
That is, in the 15th～the 18th embodiment, the light incident side pre-tilt angle of polarizer and emitting side pre-tilt angle all are 50 degree, but postpone different mutually.In addition, the light incident side pre-tilt angle of the polarizer of the 19th～the 26th embodiment is identical in each example with the emitting side pre-tilt angle, but each 10 degree that increase of this angle are until 80 degree, different in each embodiment.
In the 27th～the 29th embodiment, the light incident side pre-tilt angle of polarizer and emitting side pre-tilt angle are respectively 70 degree, be identical, but the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer of reflective LCD element is 80 degree in the 27th embodiment, in the 28th embodiment 83 degree, being 89 degree in the 29th embodiment, is different.
As can be known from these results, if the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer of reflective LCD element is greater than 89 degree, when then on pixel electrode, applying voltage, the vergence direction of liquid crystal molecule disperses, be easy to generate image deflects, and the pre-tilt angle of the liquid crystal layer of reflective LCD element is 83 degree when following, promptly uses the polarizer of axle inclination to compensate, can not obtain contrast, the left and right sides that produces contrast simultaneously is irregular.Therefore, the pre-tilt angle of expectation reflective LCD element liquid crystal layer is that 83 degree are to 89 degree.
Below, with reference to Figure 23 the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described.Figure 23 (A), Figure 23 (B) and Figure 23 (C) represent front view (FV), longitudinal diagram, the sectional side view of the major part of the present invention's the 3rd embodiment respectively.In this figure (A)～(C), a face of polarizer 111 is bonded on the polarization plates 113 by tack coat 112, and the another side of polarizer 111 is bonded on the back side of glassy layer 115 by tack coat 114.On the surface of glassy layer 115, form anti-reflecting layer 116.In addition, polarizer 111 has the negative uniaxial anisotropy based on discotic mesogenic, its optic axis is such relative film surface tilt shown in pattern among Figure 23 (B), and for being parallel to the paper direction, the axle that sees through of polarization plates 113 is depicted as above-below direction as Figure 23 (A), promptly perpendicular to the optic axis of polarizer 111.
According to the 3rd embodiment, polarizer 111 and polarization plates 113 are constituted one, so there is not unnecessary surface reflection, have the speciality that improves transmitance.Have, in this case, the direction of engagement of polarization plates 113 and polarizer 11 is determined uniquely again.About polarizer 111, the pre-tilt angle of discotic mesogenic not simultaneously, the side that pre-tilt angle is big is bonded in polarization plates 113 1 sides.And the optic axis that sees through axle and polarizer 11 of polarization plates 113 is preferably in one side.
In addition, as shown in figure 23, the glassy layer 115 that polarizer 111 has carried out anti-reflex treated by tack coat 114 and surface bonds, so can reduce unnecessary boundary reflection, its result, the projection that can become clear.In addition, can suppress image blurring, the distortion that cause because of refraction that concave-convex surface produces.
Structural drawing when the black display of the 4th embodiment of the projection arrangement of the reflective LCD element of Figure 24 (A), Figure 24 (B) expression use an embodiment of the present invention and white show.In Figure 24 (A), Figure 24 (B), use the projection arrangement 350 of the reflective LCD element of the present invention's the 4th embodiment that the 1st polarization plates 352a that takes out linear polarization from incident light is set on to the optical path of incident light of reflective LCD element 351, and on from the reflected light light path of reflective LCD element 351, polarizer 353 and the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 352b with direction of principal axis incline structure is set.Relative the 1st polarization plates 352a of the 2nd polarization plates 352b concerns with crossed nicols and is provided with.
As the reflective liquid crystal unit that constitutes liquid crystal layer 356, the angle that makes the pre-tilt angle of nematic liquid crystal is that the windup-degree of 2 degree～5 degree, liquid crystal layer is 80 degree～90 degree, in addition, the liquid crystal aligning position angle of transparency carrier 354 sides is in 190～200 degree or 280～290 degree scopes.And in the 4th embodiment, the normalization of the wavelength of liquid crystal layer 356 postpones to use the delay below 0.55 more than 0.35.
In addition, on the surface of transparency carrier 354 that is connected to liquid crystal layer 356 and reflection substrate 355, in order to give orientation to liquid crystal molecule, for example form the alignment films (not shown) of grinding has been carried out on the polyimide resin surface of coating, the liquid crystal molecule of original state is for example given the pitch angle of about 2 degree～5 degree and spent the surface orientation angle of～200 degree and even 280 degree～290 degree with respect to the polarization axle of polarization plates about 190.The torsion angle of liquid crystal is controlled in 80 degree～90 degree.
The state of the demonstration black when Figure 24 (A) expression applies electric field and drives liquid crystal layer 356 to conducting each pixel electrode, Figure 24 (B) expression does not apply reference white (NW) pattern of (original state) display white under the state of electric field in fact to each pixel electrode, liquid crystal layer 356 ends.
Below, the action of the 4th embodiment is described with reference to Figure 25.Figure 25 (B) represents the structure of Figure 24 (A), Figure 24 (B) with the optic axis of polarizer 353, to being marked with same numeral with Figure 24 (A), structure division that Figure 24 (B) is identical.In Figure 24 (A), Figure 24 (B) and Figure 25 (B), the light that never illustrated light source penetrates at first only takes out the P polarization and incides reflective LCD element 351 by the 1st polarization plates 352a.The I of Figure 25 (A) represents to incide the direction of vibration of the S polarization of reflective LCD element 351 after the 1st polarization plates 352a taking-up.
The Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer 356 of reflective LCD element 351 is the direction that II represents among Figure 25 (A) at light incident side; In the reflecting surface side is the direction that III represents among Figure 25 (A).The light that incides reflective LCD element 351 penetrates by liquid crystal layer 356 and transparency carrier 354 by be reflected reflective electrodes reflects on the substrate 355 of liquid crystal layer 356 again, incides the polarizer 353 that direction of principal axis tilts.
The optic axis of the polarizer 353 that direction of principal axis tilts is shown in IV among Figure 25 (A), and is consistent with the inner face that the direction I of the P polarization vibration of incident is parallel.That is, set the optic axis of polarizer 353, with the 1st polarization plates 352a to see through axle vertical.Light by polarizer 353 modulation of the direction of principal axis inclination with optic axis shown in 359 among Figure 25 (B) incides the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 352b.The analyzing direction of the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 352b is represented with V in Figure 25 (A).
Each pixel electrode is not being applied electric field, or the liquid crystal layer that has applied threshold voltage by the time, the linear polarization of incident is accepted modulation by reflective LCD element 351, make its polarization state rotation and ejaculation, shown in Figure 24 (B), through projecting lens 357, enlarging projection is on not shown screen by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 352b.On the other hand, each pixel electrode is fully being applied electric field, when driving liquid crystal layer 356 to conducting, the polarization of incident light state is by reflection substrate 355 reflection of remaining untouched.In this case, the light that is reflected is absorbed by the 2nd polarization plates (analyzer) 352b that the light path front side at projecting lens 357 is provided with, so shown in Figure 24 (A), do not incide projecting lens 57.That is, realize black display.
Below, illustrate in greater detail polarizer 353 with sloping shaft.Polarizer 353 with sloping shaft for example uses and is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 410, negative birefringence compensating plate in No. 422 instructionss or twin shaft extend polymer film, or use and be disclosed in that the spy opens flat 9-197397 communique or special opening is arranged in discotic mesogenic polarizer on the substrate etc. in the 2000-321576 communique.The best mode of this polarizer 353 is as follows.
(1) polarizer 353 is the optical anisotropic layer of the compound composition with disk-like structure unit of transparency carrier (transparent supporting body) and setting thereon.
(2) disc face of the disk-like structure unit of optical anisotropic layer is with respect to the transparent supporting body surface tilt, and the angle that the disc surfaces of this disk-like structure unit and transparent support surface form changes on the depth direction of optical anisotropic layer.
(3) the absolute value Re1 that adds up to of the delay of all optical compensating gages of representing with 5. formula and 6. the delay absolute value Re2 of the liquid crystal layer represented of formula satisfy the relation of following formula:
0.15×Re2≤Re1≤0.6×Re2 ④
[wherein, the delay of above-mentioned optical compensating gage by
{n1-(n2+n3)/2}×d ⑤
Define (in the following formula, n1, n2 and n3 represent three direction of principal axis refractive indexes of above-mentioned optical compensating gage, have the refractive index that reduces in proper order by this, and d represents the thickness that the nm of above-mentioned optical compensating gage converts), and the delay of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer by
{m3-(m1+m2)/2}×d′ ⑥
Define (in the following formula, m1, m2 and m3 represent three direction of principal axis refractive indexes of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer, have the refractive index that reduces in proper order by this, the thickness that the nm of the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer of d ' expression converts)].
As the characteristic of the polarizer 353 with sloping shaft, the angle of for example using substrate-side is that the angle of 4 degree, face side is the polarizer of the about 107nm of delay of 80 degree, film surface direction.A side incident big from the pitch angle to the light of polarizer 353.
In the real system that uses this polarizer 353, the field angle characteristic that is obtained by simulation is shown in Figure 25 (C), as can be known under the situation of observing from 90 degree position angles, black dense (light intensity during black display is very little) is so good from (from the light of tilted direction with light incident and observation reflection) characteristic of polar angle 10 degree～30 degree directions observations.Here, on each pixel electrode, apply 5V voltage, so that carry out black display.Have, in Figure 25 (C), the circle of dotted line is the unit circle of polar angle 20 degree again, and the circle expression polar angle of minimum diameter is 20 degree (other field angle performance plots too).
In the 4th embodiment, position angle 70 degree～110 degree, the light intensity when polar angle 0 degree～20 is spent are applying each pixel electrode under the 5V voltage condition shown in VI among Figure 26, black level is very good in this angular range, owing to make the light oblique incidence, also can obtain high-contrast even can confirm the optical system that tilts.In addition, light is about 12 degree to the incident angle of liquid crystal layer 356, the F value of projecting lens 357 is 2.4, and (it is about 12 degree that the lens of this situation are taken into the angle, so under field angle, can be taken into the light of polar angle 0 degree～24 degree, position angle 78 degree～102 degree scopes), contrast when projecting on the screen is about 900: 1, and left and right sides contrast has slightly but in usage range, do not observe the interference phenomenon of following the surface and interface internal reflection.
Below, the 3rd comparative example is described, the structure of this comparative example is removed the polarizer 353 of the 4th embodiment, and all the other optical arrangement are identical with the embodiment of Figure 24.In the 3rd comparative example, in the actual picture that is projected,, can see the tilt phenomenon of left and right directions black level although do not observe the interference phenomenon of following the surface and interface internal reflection.At the high position of contrast, contrast is 500: 1, and the low position of contrast, contrast is 100: 1.
In addition, the field angle characteristic as shown in figure 27, even under the black display situation that fully applies electric field on the pixel electrode, near the liquid crystal molecule the substrate keeps horizontal direction because of the influence of alignment films, so the degradation in contrast of specific direction.In the 3rd comparative example, liquid crystal molecule is set to 15 degree at the reflection side substrate, is set to 110 degree at transparency electrode side group plate, as can be known black level variation in the scope of position angle 0 degree～90 degree and 180 degree～270 degree.
In the 4th embodiment, as mentioned above, by between the reflective LCD element 351 of MTN pattern and the 2nd polarization plates 352b, inserting polarizer 353, compare with the 3rd comparative example, even the optical system that tilts, tilting of contrast arranged slightly, but also in usage range, have the speciality that does not observe the interference phenomenon of following the surface and interface internal reflection.
Below, the 5th embodiment of the present invention is described.The 5th embodiment has and Figure 24 (A), the same optical arrangement of Figure 24 (B), but is with the different of the 4th embodiment, and the reflective LCD element that uses the SCTN pattern is as reflective LCD element 351.That is, the liquid crystal molecule as liquid crystal layer 356 is made of nematic liquid crystal, and the angle of its pre-tilt angle is 2 degree～5 degree, and the torsion angle of liquid crystal layer 356 is roughly 60 degree.And the liquid crystal aligning position angle of transparency carrier 354 sides and reflection substrate 355 sides is one of them of about 150 degree, about 210 degree, perhaps sets with about 330 degree and about 30 degree.And the normalization of the wavelength of liquid crystal layer 356 postpones more than 0.55 below 0.65.On the surface of transparency carrier 354 that is connected to liquid crystal layer 356 and reflection substrate 355, for example form the alignment films (not shown) of grinding has been carried out on the polyimide resin surface of coating, so that give orientation to liquid crystal molecule.
Real system for the 5th embodiment, the field angle characteristic that simulation obtains as shown in figure 29, as can be known when 90 degree position angles are observed, black dense (light intensity during black display is very little) is so good from (from the light of tilted direction with light incident and observation reflection) characteristic of polar angle 15 degree～20 degree directions observations.Here, on each pixel electrode, apply 5V voltage, so that carry out black display.
In addition, in the 5th embodiment, 70 the degree～110 the degree position angles, 0 the degree～25 the degree polar angles under light intensity when each pixel electrode has been applied 5V voltage shown in VII among Figure 30, can confirm that black level is very good in this angular range, because with light incident obliquely, even so the optical system that tilts also can obtain very high contrast.In addition, to about 12 degree of the incident angle of the light of reflective LCD element, the F value of projection lens 357 is 2.4, and (lens in this case are taken into the angle and are about 12 degree, so under field angle, can be taken into polar angle is that 0～24 degree, position angle are the light of 78～102 degree scopes), contrast when being projected on the screen is about 1000: 1, and the contrast about not having tilts, and is very good.In addition, do not observe the interference that is accompanied by surface or interface internal reflection yet.
Have again, the liquid crystal arrangement direction of SCTN pattern is with respect to light incident side polarization plates (352a of Figure 24) or emitting side polarization plates (352b of Figure 24), the orientation side up and down of liquid crystal cells is configured symmetrically, even so under the situation of identical torsion angle, also be considered to 8 such configurations, but under the situation of about 60 degree of torsion angle, expectation with the liquid crystal aligning orientation angles of transparent substrate side and reflection substrate side with about 150 degree, about 210 degree one of them or reach about 330 degree and about 30 degree are set like that.This is because these orientation angles are widened field angle.
Have, removing polarizer 353, in all the other optical devices the 4th comparative example identical with the 5th embodiment, the picture of actual projection is 50: 1 at the high position of contrast, but the low position of contrast is 30: 1.
In above-mentioned the 4th, the 5th embodiment, also we can say identical with the situation shown in Figure 21 (A)～(E).In Figure 31 (A)～(E), the polarizer 353 that polarizer 101 expression is above-mentioned, the molecule that is illustrated in to pattern discotic mesogenic on the thickness direction of face is obtained the molecules align situation of inclination gradually.
That is, the optic axis of polarizer 101 (353) is parallel to paper in Figure 31, and the face of optic axis relative phase difference plate tilts, but according to the thickness of distance face, the angle of inclination of optic axis gradually changes.Have, polarization plates 102,104,105,106 is equivalent to above-mentioned the 2nd polarization plates 352b again.
Like this, on the incident light of polarizer, use the S polarization, optically has negative uniaxial anisotropy, spool parallel by seeing through of polarizer 101 (353) that light is tilted to tilted direction and adjacent polarization plates 102,104,105, black level is descended, and contrast is improved, can enlarge the angular range of abundant acquisition contrast.
Have, the present invention is not limited to the 4th, the 5th above embodiment again, for example also the polarizer that the optical shaft orientation tilted direction tilts can be inserted in the light path between the 1st polarization plates 352a and the reflective LCD element 351.In this case, the optical axis of polarizer is also vertically set with the axle that sees through of adjacent the 1st polarization plates 352a.In addition, the incident direction of light is also represented in the embodiment situation of reflection from bottom to top, promptly represent from 270 degree position angle incidents, situation with 90 degree position angles ejaculations, but no matter from 90 degree direction irradiations, still from other direction irradiations,, can obtain identical effect as long as adjust the orientation of liquid crystal and the optical arrangement of polarizer.
As described above, according to the present invention, have following various speciality.
(1) by will have uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of its optic axis inclines to tilted direction Oblique polarizer is inserted between polarization member and the reflective LCD element, or is inserted in reflection Between type liquid crystal cell and the analyzing parts, and set the optic axis of this polarizer, make its with Adjacent to the polarization member of polarizer or analyzing parts to see through axle vertical, can reduce black appliances Flat, thus the high projected image of contrast can be obtained, and can enlarge abundant acquisition contrast Angular range.
(2) can not use polarization spectroscope (PBS), by polarization member and analyzing section Part only carries out analyzing and shakes P polarization and the S polarization of regulation, thus with the optical system with PBS System is compared, and realizes the optical system that becomes clear marked downly.
(3) owing to not using PBS, so need to make light enter obliquely reflective liquid crystal unit In the part, but only the position around this incidence angle is adjusted with the situation of the best, so Can obtain very high contrast.
(4) because the condition of the polarization plates of formation polarization member is not strict, so can adopt each Plant polarization plates.
(5) because polarization member and analyzing parts are independent, and have the crossed nicols relation, So interference stripes are not projected on the picture. In addition, after look decomposes, holding polarization section Part and analyzing parts after analyzing is shaken, do not carry out the such look of look synthesizer and decompose-synthetic system The problem that birefringence in the system and polarization purity descend is stable for heat etc.
(6) by forming polarizer and adjacent polarization member or analyzing parts one Fixing structure does not have unnecessary surface reflection, can improve transmitance.
(7) by forming the glass that the polarizer bonding has been formed from the teeth outwards anti-reflecting layer The structure at the layer back side can reduce unnecessary boundary reflection, thus the projection that can become clear, The situation of image blurring, the distortion that can suppress that refraction that concave-convex surface produces causes.
(8) when using the reflective LCD element of NW pattern, by making at incident light Use the S polarization, will have negative uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of optic axis on the optics to oblique side Be inserted between polarization member and the reflective LCD element to the polarizer that tilts, or be inserted in Between reflective LCD element and the analyzing parts, and set the optic axis of this polarizer, make Its with adjacent to the polarization member of polarizer or analyzing parts to see through axle vertical, can reduce Black level, thus the high projected image of contrast can be obtained, and also it is right to enlarge abundant acquisition Angular range than degree.
(9) because available low-voltage obtains the driving of contrast, drive so can reduce Moving transistor can reach fine definition.
(10) voltage-dependent of colourity is little, can carry out the lower driving of voltage ratio, and The high-speed response aspect is good, thus the liquid crystal display cells of the application of the invention, can be level and smooth The live image that ground carries out projection-type liquid crystal display device shows.
(11) liquid crystal display cells of the present invention is processed to produce with stable liquid crystal aligning, So supply with industry liquid crystal display cells and projection arrangement marked downly.
Claims (10)
1. projection arrangement that uses reflective LCD element, use the reflective LCD element of inclination projection optics system, make by the look Knock-Down Component three primary colours light that the light that penetrates from light source carries out obtaining after look decomposes is passed polarization member, incide on the reflective LCD element that forms inserting and putting liquid crystal layer between transparency carrier and reflection substrate, by concerning that with crossed nicols the analyzing parts of configuration come that the reflected light of being modulated by described reflective LCD element according to view data from described reflective LCD element is carried out analyzing and shake with described polarization member, light after being shaken by this analyzing parts analyzing of projecting lens enlarging projection is characterized in that:
Between described polarization member and described reflective LCD element, or between described reflective LCD element and the described analyzing parts, polarizer is arranged, it has uniaxial anisotropy, the relative face of its optic axis tilts to insert to tilted direction, set the optic axis of described polarizer, with adjacent to the described polarization member of described polarizer or described analyzing parts to see through axle vertical.
2. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is that the nematic liquid crystal of bearing has the roughly pre-tilt angle of 80 degree～89 degree that described reflective LCD element makes dielectric anisotropy, and for incident polarization light settings (45+90 * n) spend (wherein, n is the angle of integer) the position angle, the optic axis of described polarizer is set at the vibration plane of the P polarized light that is parallel to incident.
3. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described polarization member is set at the characteristic that the S polarized light is passed through, described polarizer is arranged between described polarization member and the described reflective LCD element, it is that the nematic liquid crystal of bearing has the roughly pre-tilt angle of 80 degree～89 degree that described reflective LCD element makes dielectric anisotropy, and for incident polarization light settings (45+90 * n) spend (wherein, n is the angle of integer) the position angle, the optic axis of described polarizer is set at the vertical face of vibration plane that is parallel to the S polarized light of incident.
4. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is basic negative uniaxial anisotropy that described polarizer has with discotic mesogenic, and roughly the same in the inclination of the described discotic mesogenic up and down of film, its pre-tilt angle is 40 degree～80 degree.
5. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is basic negative uniaxial anisotropy that described polarizer has with discotic mesogenic, when the tilt variation of the up and down described discotic mesogenic of film, described discotic mesogenic is tilted big side's arranged opposite in adjacent described polarization member or described analyzing component side.
6. as the projection arrangement of any one described use reflective LCD element in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described polarizer and adjacent described polarization member or described analyzing parts is fixing integratedly.
7. as the projection arrangement of any one described use reflective LCD element in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described polarizer bonding has been formed from the teeth outwards the back side of the glass plate of anti-reflecting layer.
8. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described polarizer bonding has been formed from the teeth outwards the back side of the glass plate of anti-reflecting layer.
9. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described reflective LCD element is the MTN pattern, its nematic liquid crystal has the pre-tilt angle of 2 degree～5 degree, the windup-degree of described liquid crystal layer is 80 degree～90 degree, and the liquid crystal aligning position angle of described transparent substrate side is in the scopes of 190～200 degree and even 280～290 degree, and the wavelength of described liquid crystal layer normalization to postpone be more than 0.35 below 0.55.
10. the projection arrangement of use reflective LCD element as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described reflective LCD element is the SCTN pattern, its nematic liquid crystal has the pre-tilt angle of 2 degree～5 degree, the windup-degree of described liquid crystal layer is about 60 degree, and the liquid crystal aligning position angle of described transparent substrate side and described reflection substrate side is set at one of them that reaches about 150 degree and about 210 degree, or reach one of them of about 330 degree and about 30 degree, and the wavelength of described liquid crystal layer normalization to postpone be more than 0.55 below 0.65.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP183556/2002 | 2002-06-24 | ||
| JP2002183556A JP2004029251A (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2002-06-24 | Projector using reflective liquid crystal element |
| JP207258/2002 | 2002-07-16 | ||
| JP2002207258A JP3960152B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2002-07-16 | Projection apparatus using reflective liquid crystal element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1472566A true CN1472566A (en) | 2004-02-04 |
| CN1320395C CN1320395C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
Family
ID=34196489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031490069A Expired - Fee Related CN1320395C (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2003-06-19 | Projector with reflective LCD element |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1320395C (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200400378A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104062049A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Substrate detection method and device |
| WO2021022505A1 (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | Dchu Ltd | Method for fast switching liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4466702A (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1984-08-21 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Liquid crystal light valve with birefringence compensation |
| US5327270A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1994-07-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polarizing beam splitter apparatus and light valve image projection system |
| JPH0862564A (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-03-08 | Pioneer Electron Corp | Projection type liquid crystal display device |
| DE69626932T2 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2003-12-24 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display with curved orientation |
| JP4488549B2 (en) * | 1999-05-14 | 2010-06-23 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Reflective liquid crystal display element |
-
2003
- 2003-04-09 TW TW92108148A patent/TW200400378A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-19 CN CNB031490069A patent/CN1320395C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104062049A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Substrate detection method and device |
| WO2021022505A1 (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2021-02-11 | Dchu Ltd | Method for fast switching liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI292501B (en) | 2008-01-11 |
| CN1320395C (en) | 2007-06-06 |
| TW200400378A (en) | 2004-01-01 |
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