CN1471646A

CN1471646A - Lamp apparatus and method for effectively utilizing light from an aperture lamp

Info

Publication number: CN1471646A
Application number: CNA008166536A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J・T・多兰; J·T·多兰; 杜比诺夫斯基; M·A·杜比诺夫斯基; 匚魑克; A·吉特西维克; 樟; K·基普林; 柯克帕特里克; D·A·柯克帕特里克; 劳伦斯; D·W·劳伦斯; 麦克伦南; I·莱文; 里德尔; D·A·麦克伦南; 怂; R·H·里德尔; 芩; B·尚克斯
Original assignee: Fusion Lighting Inc
Current assignee: Fusion Lighting Inc
Priority date: 1999-10-13
Filing date: 2000-10-11
Publication date: 2004-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2020-10-11
Also published as: EP1266250A2; CN1221819C; EP1266250A4; WO2001027962A2; TW498391B; WO2001027962A3; KR20020040861A; AU1328001A; JP2003523527A

Abstract

Various lamp systems are disclosed which effectively utilize light from an aperture lamp. Lamp systems are respectively configured to perform various types of light recapture including etendue recycling, polarization recycling, and/or color recycling. Various novel optical elements are disclosed including an electrodeless light bulb with an integral lens, a molded quartz ball lens with an integral flange, a molded quartz CPC with an integral flange, a truncated CPC, and a segmented CPC. Various novel optical systems are disclosed including systems which perform angle selection and/or etendue selection.

Description

Effectively be used to lamp apparatus and method from perforating light

The contract number that some invention described herein has obtained being authorized by Ministry of Energy is that the government of DE-FC26-99FT40635 supports.Government has certain right to these inventions.

Invention field

Various aspects of the present invention relate generally to the lamp system that has advantageously adopted from opening pore light (aperture lamp).Some aspect of the present invention relates to novel structure, and the part light that these structures can will penetrate from perforate by the plasma of lamp returns in the perforate, to absorb and to distribute.

Background of invention

The present invention relates generally to U.S. Patent number 5,773, the pattern of the various lamps of announcing in 918 and 5,903,091, and this paper has quoted wherein each with for referencial use comprehensively.Patent ' 918 have announced respectively that with ' 091 structure of various different lamps is so that the discarded light of useful utilization.

Summary of the invention

The light from lamp has been adopted in many inventions described here valuably, these lamps are that PCT/US00/16302, publication number are to describe to some extent in the also undelegated PCT application of WO 99/36940 at the application number of application on June 29th, 2000, and the whole contents of this application is here cited with for referencial use.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell, contain the filling material that can make light recycle; And, one optical element that separates with shell, the light reflection outside required angle that it is configured to penetrate from shell is back into shell, by filling material recycle, allow the light within required angle to pass through simultaneously, output light when wherein the output light ratio within required angle does not have optical element is stronger, and required angle is according to selecting from the uniformity of light and the angular distribution of shell.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell, contain the filling material that can make light recycle; And, one with shell near the high temperature wire grid polarizer of separating, it be configured to have do not need polarity the light reflection back into shell, with by filling material recycle, allow the light of required polarity to pass through simultaneously, wherein wire grid polarizer can be born the working temperature at least about 400 ℃.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell, contain the filling material that can make light recycle; One optical element, opposite shell forms a perforate corresponding to required angle; And, one in the close high temperature wire grid polarizer of separating of optical element opening area and optical element, wherein optical element and shell separate, and be configured to the reflection of the light outside the required angle back into shell, to pass through filling material recycle, and polarizer is configured to reflect back into shell having the light that does not need polarity, to pass through filling material recycle, the light that sends from lamp system is within a required acceptance angle and have required polarity thus, and its light output ratio does not have the light output of optical element and polarizer stronger.For example, polarizer is arranged on by optical element and constitutes in the perforate.In another example, polarizer is the plane, and this system comprises that also one is arranged on the lens between polarizer and the bulb, and wherein lens can increase by the amount of polarizer reflection back into the light of shell.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of optical device, it comprises: a plurality of optical fiber constitute void space between optical fiber; And, optionally be arranged on the reflecting material on the void space.

According to a further aspect in the invention, make the method for screen film on optical device, this optical device comprises a plurality of optical fiber, constitutes void space between these optical fiber, and this method comprises: on the fiber of an end of fiber plant and void space photochromics is set; With the other end of suitable optical illumination fiber plant, with the quick material of ray laser; And, remove the material that is swashed or do not swashed by light, so that required screen film to be provided by light.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell, contain the filling material that can make light recycle; And, a fibre bundle, it has a plurality of optical fiber, constitute void space betwixt and optionally be arranged on reflecting material on the void space, wherein reflecting material to the major general those light reflections that do not enter optical fiber back into shell, by filling material recycle.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell, contain the filling material that can make light recycle; One encases the reflecting material of shell except the opening area that penetrates light; And, one align with the light that leaves shell and with shell near but the optical element that separates, wherein optical element has an antireflecting coating, in order to being delivered in the light within the required angular distribution, and will reflect back into shell with recycle at the light of required angular distribution outside.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell, contain the filling material that can make light recycle; And, one optical element that aligns with the light that leaves shell, wherein optical element comprises a reflection configuration that separates with shell, wherein reflection configuration constitutes the perforate of a plurality of ejaculation light, wherein optical element and reflection configuration are configured to the light without the perforate of a plurality of ejaculation light is directed to shell together, with recycle.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell all is enclosed in except that the opening area that penetrates light in the reflection pottery; And, one along the optical element of optical axial near perforate, and wherein the perforated area edge increases away from the direction of the optical axial of bulb 133, compares with the perforate of constant area thus, optical path to bulb can be bigger, and optical element just can relatively more close bulb location.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell all is enclosed in except that first opening area in the reflection pottery; And, one hollow optical element, with its input end against being located by incrustation, wherein contact by the surface of the input end of incrustation and reflect, wherein input end constitutes one second perforate, the interior girth of second perforate is in the inside of the first perforate girth, thereby makes second perforate constitute the perforate of the ejaculation light of shell.

According to this aspect on the other hand, a kind of lamp system, it comprises: a shell; One integral body is connected in the polished rod of shell; And the reflection stupalith of covering shell wherein reflects stupalith at the junction bevel near shell and polished rod, to avoid disperseing to enter the light of polished rod except that polished rod is connected in the zone of shell.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of electrodeless bulb, it comprises: a body part; And, integrally be connected in the opticator of body part, wherein body part and opticator form the internal capacity of a sealing together.For example, opticator comprises frusto-spherical lens, and it constitutes a flat surface that enters, and is in the internal capacity inside of bulb sealing.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of high temperature monolithic optical element, it comprises: an opticator; And, a localization part that combines with opticator, wherein localization part can not disturb the work of opticator, and wherein these two parts are made individual construction by a suitable material, to bear at least 400 ° working temperature.For example, opticator comprises frusto-spherical lens, and localization part is included in sphere lens and enters lip-deep flange, and these two parts are made by the mold pressing quartz.In another example, opticator comprises a CPC (compound parabolic concentrator), and localization part is a flange on the CPC exit surface, and these two parts are made by the quartz of mold pressing.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of optical element comprises a plurality of frusto-conically shaped portions with angled step, has the line transversal face, and is fit near a cross-section curves.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of optical element comprises round input surface and output surface, and this output surface is cut into a surface that has more rectangle with four sides from a circle, and this four side is basically perpendicular to output surface.

According to a further aspect in the invention, an optical element comprises four segmentations that are connected with each other along edge separately, and wherein each section be corresponding to the fraction of CPC, and keeps the curve of CPC, so that required angular transition to be provided, provides an output that has more rectangle simultaneously.

According to a further aspect in the invention, an optical system comprises: along an input barrier film and an output barrier film of optical axial alignment, be configured to suppress the required angular range of light to one that passes through; And an optical element is positioned near the output barrier film, and can stay inner constant light simultaneously with respect to optical axial curved edge light inwardly.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system comprises: a shell, include can recycle filling material, and the stupalith that all is reflected except that first opening area covers; And, one reverberator, separate with shell and constitute second perforate of aliging with first perforate along optical axial, reverberator can reflect back into first perforate with the light of impact in its second opening area outside from first perforate, with recycle, wherein select first perforate to the distance of second perforate and second perforate relative size with respect to first perforate according to target etendue.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a lamp system comprises: a shell, include can recycle filling material, and the stupalith that all is reflected except that an opening area covers; One angle Selection optical element near shell, and can transmit light in required angular range, will reflect back into shell at required extraneous light, with recycle; One integrator can be accepted the light from the angle Selection device; And an angular transition optical element can be accepted the light from integrator.In some example, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element all are hollow, manufacture integral body each other together.In another example, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element are parts separately, adopt various mechanical component that these parts are located toward each other.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of optical device comprises: a polarizing cube, and be adapted at importing and accept light on the surface, and the light that transmits first polarity along first optical axial is through first output surface, and the light that reflects second polarity is through second output surface; One polarization rotator is positioned near the second output surface place, and it is identical with first polarity to change over polarity with the light with second polarity; And a mirror is in order to will be from the photoconduction of polarization spinner to the direction identical with the light that is transmitted through first output surface.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of optical tube comprises: one can hold the lens tube with fixed lens therein; One is connected in first flange of lens tube input end, and this first flange is shaped on a structural member, can with the corresponding part match on opening pore light, so that the optical alignment along optical axial to be provided; And one is connected in second flange of lens tube output terminal, and this second flange is shaped on a structural member, can with the corresponding part match on shell, opening pore light keeps suitable alignment thus, so that light is delivered into shell.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a lamp system comprises: a RF (radio frequency) exciting light source; One is installed on the lens tube of RF exciting light source; And a RF choke between lens tube and light source, is suitable for reducing EMI (electromagnetic interference (EMI)) from light source.For example, the RF choke comprises a conduction mesh screen.

According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of lamp system comprises: one has the shell of length, width and the degree of depth, and wherein the degree of depth is much smaller than length or width; One is positioned to light is directed to the opening pore light of enclosure; And a lens combination is used to receive the light from opening pore light, and light output is shaped as more is evenly distributed in the shell.For example, shell comprises 2 * 2 or 2 * 4 grooves of a standard, and wherein lens combination comprises a cylindrical lens, and the location of these lens can be reduced at the angular range with respect to the light of the one dimension of the degree of depth.

According to a further aspect in the invention, an optical projection system comprises: an electrodeless light source; One by the image fenestra of radio aurora source lighting; And a shutter that selectively is opened and closed with from image fenestra projects images, wherein can be modulated electrodeless light source according to the opening and closing of shutter.

Aforementioned and further feature of the present invention and aspect can be individually or through combination and realize.Except that clearly narration was arranged at claims, the present invention should not be construed as two or more that need in these features.

Brief Description Of Drawings

From below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to preferred embodiment than being well understood to above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage the specific description, wherein, part identical in all accompanying drawings is represented with identical label.These accompanying drawings not necessarily in proportion, it focuses on illustrating principle of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the cut-away diagram that the present invention carries out the lamp system of etendue recycle.

Fig. 2 is an opening pore light and the distribute angle scatter chart of the light of comparing of lambert (Lambertian).

Fig. 3 be a lamp system adopt not have restriction output, restriction output and the light intensity of restriction output not having recycle and adopt etendue recycle to the curve map of beam angle.

Fig. 4 is that the present invention adopts a high temperature wire grid polarizer so that the cut-away diagram of the lamp system of polarized light recycle.

Fig. 5 is that the present invention is not only with etendue recycle but also use the cut-away diagram of the lamp system of polarized light recycle.

Fig. 6 is the segment stereographic map of the present invention's first fibre bundle.

Fig. 7 is the show in schematic partial sections that adopts the lamp system of fibre bundle according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 A to 8D is the schematic cross sectional views of the process steps of fibre bundle constructed in accordance.

Fig. 9 A to 9D is the schematic cross sectional views of another process steps of fibre bundle constructed in accordance.

Figure 10 is the schematic cross sectional views of the present invention's second fibre bundle.

Figure 11 is the stereographic map of the present invention's the 3rd fibre bundle.

Figure 12 is the show in schematic partial sections that adopts the lamp system of a microlens array according to the present invention.

Figure 13 is the partial sectional view that adopts the lamp system of a chamfering perforate.

Figure 14 is the enlarged partial view that the chamfering perforate is arranged of Figure 13.

Figure 15 adopts the cut-open view of optical element with the lamp system that restricts spherical perforate.

Figure 16 is the cut-open view that adopts the lamp system of the selectable coating of angle.

Figure 17 is the schematic cross sectional views of long-range opening pore light of the present invention system.

Figure 18 is the schematic cross sectional views of another long-range opening pore light system of the present invention.

Figure 19-24 is respectively the stereographic map of different optical element of the present invention and long-range open-celled structure.

Figure 25 is the chart that the photosystem in polarized light flat source can be provided.

Figure 26 is the cut-open view that adopts the lamp system of Figure 25 photosystem.

Figure 27 is the cut-open view with sheath bulb of whole polished rod.

Figure 28 is the cut-open view with sheath bulb of whole polished rod, and wherein spherical sheath is cut into the oblique angle.

Figure 29 is the cut-open view with bulb of overall lens.

Figure 30 is the cut-open view that adopts the opening pore light of Figure 29 bulb.

Figure 31 is the synoptic diagram of sphere lens.

Figure 32 is the synoptic diagram according to the molded sphere lens of first aspect present invention.

Figure 33 is the front side synoptic diagram of molded sphere lens.

Figure 34 is a cut-open view of making the mould of molded sphere lens.

Figure 35 is a cut-open view of making another mould of molded sphere lens.

Figure 36 is the synoptic diagram with molded CPC of integral-type flange.

Figure 37 is the cut-open view of molded CPC.

Figure 38 is the stereographic map with molded TLP of integral-type flange.

Figure 39 is the cut-open view of molded TLP.

Figure 40 is the synoptic diagram with taper optical taper body of oblique angle step.

Figure 41 is the synoptic diagram with the taper optical taper body of lens.

Figure 42-44 is respectively schematic left view, front view and the upward view of CPC.

Figure 45-47 is respectively schematic plan, front view and the right view along the butt CPC of the dotted line intercepting of Figure 42-44.

Figure 48 is a front view of being furnished with the butt CPC of long-range perforate.

Figure 49 is the stereographic map of a divided solid CPC.

Figure 50 is the stereographic map of a divided hollow CPC.

Figure 51 is the synoptic diagram according to the curved edge ray photosystem of one aspect of the invention.

Figure 52 is the synoptic diagram of another photosystem of curved edge ray.

Figure 53 is the cut-away diagram that adopts the lamp system of etendue system of selection according to an aspect of the present invention.

Figure 54 is the cut-open view that adopts the lamp system of angle Selection method and integrator according to an aspect of the present invention.

Figure 55-59 is respectively the cut-away diagram of the other optical texture of the lamp system shown in Figure 54.

Figure 60 is the view of the amplification in zone 60 among Figure 59.

Figure 61 is the synoptic diagram that according to an aspect of the present invention spectrum is unified example.

Figure 62 is the synoptic diagram of another example of photosystem according to an aspect of the present invention.

Figure 63 is the synoptic diagram of the another example of photosystem according to an aspect of the present invention.

Figure 64 is the synoptic diagram of optical projection system according to an aspect of the present invention.

Figure 65 is the synoptic diagram of the cubical lamp system of employing polarizer according to a further aspect of the invention.

Figure 66 is the synoptic diagram of the cubical lamp system of employing polarizer according to a further aspect of the invention.

Figure 67-69 is respectively schematic plan, left view and the right view according to an optics keeper of one aspect of the invention.

Figure 70 is the preceding synoptic diagram that is applicable to a perforating bulb of optics keeper.

Figure 71-72 is respectively schematic left view and the vertical view according to the lens tube of one aspect of the invention.

Figure 73 is the synoptic diagram that is applicable to the RF screen that is contained in the lens tube.

Figure 74 is mounted in the partial sectional view of the amplification of the RF screen in the pipe.

Figure 75 is the stereographic map of housing that is used for the light box of one aspect of the invention.

Figure 76 is the stereographic map that is used in the lens in the light box.

Figure 77 is the partial sectional view of light box.

Detailed description of the present invention

In the following description,, quote concrete details, such as specific structure, interface, technology or the like, so that complete understanding the present invention in order to illustrate rather than to limit.Yet those skilled in the art should know that the interests of disclosed content can make the present invention be applied in other embodiment that breaks away from these details.In some cases, omit explanation, make explanation of the present invention seem clear well-known apparatus and method.

Etendue recycle

According to the present invention, the recruitment of light is transferred to required etendue from opening pore light, and the PCT publication number WO 99/36940 that for example above quotes has described opening pore light.In some applications, optical projection system for example, an important performance parameter is the luminous flux that is transferred to the optical imagery element that for example has given area and corner connection receipts degree, in this article, etendue ε is defined as:

ε=π * (area) * sin ²(θ)

In the formula, θ represents the half-angle of the cone-shaped body of particular light ray.

One three-dimensional light source such as traditional arc lamp, adopts an external reflection body, light is changed its course and focus on the required object or plane, owing to collection efficiency and other factor, thereby is accompanied by loss.In addition, an arc lamp generally only provides local brightened dot, and most of luminous flux of light source distributes from different almost seldom bright discharge portions.

Opening pore light in ' the 940 open texts is intended to by providing the very uniform bidimensional light source of light output to solve top most of problem.One sphere lens is placed to the lamp perforate and contacts, and after this, adopts suitable lens that the light with required beam angle is provided.But the present invention has confirmed further improved potentiality.

Fig. 2 shows the actual light distribution from opening pore light.As shown in Figure 2, for bigger angle, the decline of light output is fast than Lambertian (lambert) cos (θ) curve.The Lambertian optical profile has constant brightness.To in other words, the brightness of seeing from any angle is identical.Consequently, the same brightness of light generation is considered at any angle of Lambertian light source.Light increases or reduces with the speed identical with etendue.

But,, less in the light ratio of wide-angle for inferior Lambertian light source.The lens arrangement that discloses in ' 940 open texts is incorporated into these angles in the transmission light, and therefore increases the light that etendue increases greater than them pro rata.According to an aspect of the present invention, the light outside the required angle is reflected back in the lamp, to reduce the influence of time Lambertian light output to etendue.According to a further aspect in the invention, the size of lamp perforate is increased to downtrod output angle, bigger lamp perforated area and target etendue coupling.When the amount of output light is significantly increased, increase bore size and have the effect that reduces the directed brightness of forward peak value (peak forward directed brightness) slightly, this difference represents that the amount of the light of definite object etendue increases to some extent.

One can etendue recycle lamp system adopt a sphere lens, but this sphere lens has a reflective outer surface that constitutes perforate.Wide-angle light is reflected in the return light signal, and wherein light is by previous integration sphere (integrating sphere) approach, is absorbed and penetrates with given probability.This causes the output of light to reduce, but has also reduced etendue.Can further increase the output of light by the size that increases the lamp perforate.

Fig. 1 is the schematic cross sectional views of carrying out a more preferable lamp system of etendue recycle.One opening pore light 3 comprises that one is arranged on the bulb 5 in the ceramic shield 7.Bulb 5 is facing to a pre-ceramic packing ring 9 location, and this ceramic washer 9 constitutes one first perforate 11.The space that is not occupied by bulb 5 in the cover 7 is filled and can be reflected stupalith 13.One back ceramic disk 15 is positioned at cover 7 in reflecting material 13 back.The further details of the structure of relevant opening pore light 3 can be with reference to the open text in ' 940.

Sphere lens 17 is positioned at the front of perforate 11, is used to reduce the beam angle of the light that penetrates from perforate 11.Optical element 19 separates with sphere lens 17, and constitutes one corresponding to second perforate 21 that will pass through the required angle of light, and wherein this angle constitutes with respect to optical axis of symmetry.In the face of the reflecting surface 23 of the optical element of perforate 11 is configured the part light that makes at least outside required angle back into bulb 5, can be absorbed and penetrate again by plasma therebetween.For example, the photon of propagating along path A leaves sphere lens 17 along path B, and photon runs into optical element 19 and turns back to bulb 5 along path C therebetween.One nonzero probability is arranged, and the part of the unnecessary light that returns will penetrate and leave first perforate 11 again through second perforate 21 in required angle, increase the light intensity by perforate 21 thus.

In preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, sphere lens 17 has one first radius R 1, and optical element 19 has second radius R 2 big than R1.Sphere lens 17 and optical element 19 are not enjoyed same center.But their central point C1, C2 separately are along center line C _LThe public optics axial alignment of expression.Optical element 19 is configured to the inside that its central point C2 is positioned at bulb 5, preferably near perforate 11, makes most of light of optical element 19 reflections be transferred in the bulb 5 through perforate 11.

Fig. 3 indication lamp system adopt not to have restriction output, has restriction output and does not have recycle and adopts the curve map of the light intensity with restriction output of etendue recycle to beam angle.From curve map, can be clear that, can not gain in strength to output restriction (for example using a non-reflection perforate stop part) simply, just dwindle the beam angle of light.But, adopt etendue recycle (for example using the embodiment of Fig. 1) according to the present invention, be not only that beam angle is dwindled, light intensity also has remarkable increase.

The recycle of high temperature polarisation

As described above ' 091 patent is pointed, and the light of non-required polarity can be by some the advantageously recycle of lamp plasma such as sulphur, selenium, tellurium, indium halide and other metal halide.Traditional optical element that is used to carry out these recycle comprises the blooming such as the two-sided brightness enhancement film of being made by 3M company (DBEF).These films generally are made of plastics, and can not bear high temperature.In addition, these films can be degenerated under ultraviolet ray, have limited the serviceable life of optical system under wide spectral light of adopting these films thus.

Fig. 4 is that employing high temperature wire grid polarizer of the present invention is so that the schematic cross sectional views of the lamp system of polarized light recycle.Opening pore light 33 is similar to opening pore light 3, and it comprises that one is arranged on the bulb 35 in the ceramic shield 37.Bulb 35 is located facing to a pre-ceramic packing ring 39 that constitutes perforate 41.The space that is not occupied by bulb 35 in the cover 37 is filled and can be reflected stupalith 43.One back ceramic disk 45 is positioned at cover 37 in reflecting material 43 back.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a wire grid polarizer 46 is located immediately at the front of perforate 41.One sphere lens 47 is positioned at the opposite side with respect to perforate 41 of polarizer 46 facing to polarizer 46.Lamp system also can comprise a selectable removing polarizer 49, and this polarizer 49 is arranged on the extra curvature surface of sphere lens 47 in Fig. 4.

The light that wire grid polarizer 46 is configured to make required polarity by, the light of non-required polarity is reflected back in the bulb 35 through perforate 41.The light that returns has the nonzero probability that is filled the thing absorption, and penetrates required polarity again, increases useful light output thus.An advantage of wire grid polarizer 46 is that it is to be made by high-temperature material (for example metal and glass), can bear high working temperature (for example at least about 400 ℃).Suitable wire grid polarizer can have been bought from the market, for example comprises the Moxtek company of the Ao Lemu of the Utah State.

According to specific modulated structure, directly still may surpass the maximum operation temperature of polarizer 46 in the temperature of perforate 41 fronts.In this case, polarizer 46 can omit, and replaces with removing polarizer 49, as the main polarizer of lamp system.Polarizer 46 and 49 can be made into integration or make discrete item with sphere lens 47.

Etendue and polarisation recycle

Fig. 5 is the cut-away diagram that the present invention adopts the lamp system of etendue recycle and polarisation recycle.One opening pore light 3 identical with described in Fig. 1.Sphere lens 17 is positioned at the front of opening pore light 3, and optical element 19 separates with opening pore light 3.Wire grid polarizer 51 is arranged in second perforate 21 that is made of optical element 19.

During work, at least a portion light outside the required angle that is made of perforate 21 reflects back into bulb 5 through perforate 11, within required angle but do not have at least a portion light of required polarity to reflex to bulb 5 through perforate 11 yet.Therefore, the light that leaves lamp system through perforate 21 both within required angle, had required polarity again.Get back to the part of the light of bulb and pass through plasma recycle, and within required angle, leave lamp system, have required polarity again, increased the output of using light thus.

Advantageously, polarizer 51 fully separates with opening pore light 3, remains on a suitable working temperature with the working temperature with polarizer, generally is significantly smaller than its regulation maximum operation temperature.In addition, the material of wire grid polarizer 51 can not degenerated under ultraviolet light significantly, can not limit the serviceable life of lamp system thus.

Another advantage of the etendue/ polarisation recycle lamp system of combination is can reduce electromagnet interference (EMI) seepage with the suitable optical element 19 of the structure of wire grid polarizer 51.Optical element 19 and polarizer 51 can be made by conductive material.For example, the mirror that optical element 19 can be made from silver is formed, and wire grid polarizer 51 can be made up of wire array.According to an aspect of the present invention, optical element 19 and polarizer 51 merge to also in the lens tube of being made by conductive material (for example aluminium), all these through be electrically connected together and ground connection to form effective EMI protecting screen.

The effective combination of light and optical fiber

According to an aspect of the present invention, lamp system is configured to the light of opening pore light more effectively is coupled in the fibre bundle, and wherein fibre bundle has the void space between each individual fibers." dead-space volume " that such void space may be caused by the metal carbonyl coat that for example surrounds each fiber.In traditional lamp system, can in fiber, not transmit subsequently from the light that passes void space of lamp, lost as discarded light loss.This void space accounts for the 15-40% of fibrous bundle, and therefore shows that the loss of light is very big.

According to the present invention, this problem is to overcome by deposition one reflection horizon on the void area of the receiving surface of fibre bundle, keeps each fiber surface not contact simultaneously.The light that reflects from void area then is sent back in effective lamp volume, its a part of recycle and ejaculation again.Penetrate light again and have the nonzero probability that runs through and enter effective fiber surface, as light by the fiber conduction.The reflection void space becomes the part of the reflective coating of opening pore light effectively.Similarly, effective opening area of the summation indication lamp of each fiber perforate is preferably taken this effective opening area into account when the structure opening pore light then.

Fig. 6 is the partial perspective view of the present invention's first fibre bundle.Fibre bundle 61 comprises a plurality of single optical fiber 63.Each optical fiber 63 constitutes void space between them, reflecting material 65 is arranged on the void space.

Fig. 7 one utilizes the show in schematic partial sections of the lamp system of fibre bundle according to the present invention.Opening pore light 62 comprises the bulb 64 that ceramic 66 covers that is reflected, and this ceramic constitutes a perforate 67.The end that lamp system is configured to fibre bundle 61 is provided with reflecting material 65, and this end is arranged near the perforate 67.The photon that penetrates from plasma 68 leaves perforate and enters single fiber 63 and pass through Optical Fiber Transmission along path A.The photon that penetrates from plasma 68 leaves perforate and runs into reflecting material 65 and turn back to plasma 68 along path B, and penetrates after there is absorbed by plasma 68 again, enters one of each optical fiber 63 with nonzero probability.

Advantageously, fibre bundle optical helps to be suitable for the reflection horizon is deposited on multiple disposal route on the void space.A kind of such method will be described below.

The photosurface chemistry is well-known in pattern (pattern) metallization field.In these class methods, deposition one film photosensitive layer on object surface.Film is exposed in the light with pattern diagram picture then, this light can change the chemical activity of the photosensitive layer in being exposed to the zone of this light.With other chemicals exposed is developed then,, do not have deposit film metallic reflector in the exposed areas at those selectively to remove the initial photosensitive layer in those exposure areas.To the zone that covers effective fiber surface expose as with other face exposure of fibrous bundle in essential light so that the film light sensitization is simple.

Fig. 8 A to 8D is the schematic cross sectional views of the method step of fibre bundle constructed in accordance.Fig. 8 A shows an initial fibre bundle 71, and it comprises a plurality of single fibers 73 and space material 74.In Fig. 8 B, a photosensitive tack coat 77 is deposited on an end of fibre bundle 71, and the other end of fibre bundle 71 is exposed in the appropriate light 79, with activation tack coat 77.In fact has only regional exposure with the superimposed layer 77 of each fiber 73 in light.Shown in Fig. 8 C, after further handling, the tack coat 77 that stays is corresponding to the zone superimposed with void area 74.Finally, shown in Fig. 8 D, a metallized reflective layer 75 is deposited on the tack coat 77 that stays selectively.

There is other a large amount of methods to can be used in selectively and converts void area in the fibre bundle to reflecting surface.As above method is to use additive process, and promptly reflecting material adds in the void space selectively.The method of residues also can be used selectively, be about to the photosensitive tack coat of initial film and stay the fibre end surface, and from area of space, remove, making reflecting material on the whole surface-coated subsequently, this reflecting material can be bonded on the void area of uncoated photosensitive layer well; Then final surface is exposed to mordant, the photochromics that below develop of this mordant corrosion on effective fiber end face, but this mordant does not corrode the reflectance coating on the material of space.This selection can realize, for example, and an organic photosensitive material and an inorganic reflection horizon (can be metal or dichroic (dichroic)).

Fig. 9 A to 9D is a schematic cross sectional views of making the other method step of fibre bundle of the present invention.In Fig. 9 A, fibre bundle 81 has one deck organic material 87, and these organic material 87 light stably are deposited on fibre bundle one end surfaces.The other end of fibre bundle 81 is exposed in the appropriate light 89, with stabilizing material 87.Shown in Fig. 9 B, after further handling, the material 87 that stays is materials superimposed with fiber 83, and the material that removes is the material superimposed with space material 84.In Fig. 9 C, there is the reflection horizon 85 of directivity ground deposition to be added on the fibre bundle 81.In Fig. 9 D, remove organic layer 87 and deposition reflecting material 85 thereon selectively with a solvent.The reflection horizon 85 that stays is equal to the reflecting material superimposed with space material 84.

Advantageously, above-mentioned two methods adopt the geometric configuration of fibrous bundle to omit additional photomask thus and simplified manufacturing process for the reflection horizon selectively processes the convenience that automatic alignment is provided.

Color recycle (color recycling)

Figure 10 is the schematic cross sectional views of second kind of fibre bundle of the present invention.According to an aspect of the present invention, the reflecting material in the void space is combined with optionally wavelength reflection, can the more light of recycle.In Figure 10, fibre bundle 91 comprises independent optical fiber 93 and space material 94.One end of fibre bundle 91 also comprises a total reflection layer 95 superimposed with space material 94, and the reflection horizon selectively 97 that shows in Figure 10 of one deck, and its covers the whole surface of fibre bundle 91 those ends, but this reflection horizon is superimposed with fiber 93 at least.For example, the material 97 of reflection can comprise that red/green/blue color separation wave band passes through material selectively.At work, the light that arrives reflection horizon 95 reflects back into bulb, outside required wavelength and the light that arrives reflection horizon 97 reflect back into bulb selectively with recycle.Consider according to treatment process, have the order of selecting reflection horizon 97 and reflection horizon 95 can be conversely (for example, dichroic material can at the top of metal material).

Perhaps, draw the wave band of from three perforates of the same lamp, separating simultaneously (each corresponds respectively to red, green and blue) selectively with the fibre bundle of three separation, and the light that is not used recycle from each perforate.The fiber of three separation or fibrous bundle can be three required wave bands and are coated with the color separation wave band and pass through light filter.From the light immediately recycle of each wave band by the light filter reflection, this is near opening pore light because of light filter.

In another different form, a big core fibre, a tapered light pipe (TLP) or other photoconductive tube can be configured with the color separation wave band in the end of the distal catheter of opening pore light and pass through light filter.Light outside required wavelength is reflected and enters lamp again through fiber/awl light pipe/photoconductive tube and by perforate.As mentioned above, the conduit of three separation can be used for each in the RGB wave band.Fiber/awl light pipe/photoconductive tube also can be equipped with polarization (polarization) light filter in arbitrary end, with the light of the non-required polarity of recycle.

Figure 11 is the stereographic map of the third fibre bundle of the present invention.Single fibrous bundle 101 is constructed with separately wave band by light filter R, G and B in different geometric areas, thereby is separated into separately output window 103,105 and 107 for each look in the redgreenblue.From the light of each wave band by light filter reflection because filtrator recycle immediately near opening pore light.Can use a polarizing filter at long-range window 103,105 and 107, return with recycle the formation efficiency that further improves lamp through fiber by the light that reflects unwanted polarity thus.Fibrous bundle 101 also can comprise reflecting material at its R/G/B wave band in by the void space of light filter end.

Microlens array

Figure 12 adopts the show in schematic partial sections of the lamp system of a microlens array according to the present invention.Microlens array 111 comprises three lens 113,115 and 117.Each lens 113,115 and a side of 117 are processed into the spectroscope of total reflection coloured light, it is defined as " partially perforation " for these lens, each lens also is provided with a wavelength selectivity wave band by light filter (as in three looks a kind of) in addition, and which color it defines can be passed through these lens.Array 111 is provided with near bulb 121, and is arranged in the perforate 123 that is made of the reflection pottery 125 around the bulb 121.Three lens cause three independently images at different optical axials, and an image is corresponding to a kind of color wave band.The discarded light recycle of each color enters the plasma of lamp.

Explanation has provided the optical system of front as an example, and this can not be as qualification.As the benefit of this instructions, many other optical systems can adopt various aspects of the present invention.

Cross the chamfering perforate that is full of CPC

According to an aspect of the present invention, an opening pore light has a taper perforate, so that apart from crossing the nearer optical path that is full of optical element.

When not illuminated by light source fully, it is underfill that optical element is said to be when the inlet surface of optical element (promptly near the surface of opening pore light).If inlet surface is greater than perforate, optical element and perforate are leaned on very closely, and so this phenomenon just may occur.For example, the globe lens in Fig. 5 17 is with respect to perforate 11 underfills.On the other hand, when inlet surface is illuminated by light source fully, then to be said to be to be full of to optical element.This phenomenon will occur when inlet surface is separated with perforate less than perforate or optical element.For example, fibre bundle 61 was to be full of with respect to perforate 67 among Fig. 7.

A problem of some underfill optical element is the outward appearance with the black circle of parallax, and this causes undesirable inhomogeneous in light output.And a problem that is full of optical element excessively is the light loss outside the optical element edge.

The present invention aspect this by making the open surface bevel that optical element is located than near-earth, thereby reduced the amount that is full of optical element forfeiture light.

Consult Figure 13-14, a lamp system 131 and comprise a bulb 133, this bulb all is packaged among the reflection ceramic 135 except that light emission perforate 137 zones.One ceramic disk 136 (can with opening pore light one) formation one perforate 137.One surface 138 of dish 136 is tilted conical, thereby makes the area of the area in the hole on the side of coiling 136 contact bulbs 133 less than hole on the opposite flank of dish 136.In other words will, the area of perforate 133 along the optical axial direction along with increasing away from bulb 133.This structure makes the optical path that obtains bulb 133 bigger, and optical element just can be compared with the uniform perforate of area and be provided with more near bulb.

Hollow CPC with the reflection inlet surface that constitutes the lamp perforate

According to an aspect of the present invention, one first optical element form opening pore light overall volume a part and constitute the emission perforate of light.

As mentioned above, opening pore light has relevant the mistake and is full of or the problem of underfill optical element.The present invention overcomes these problems by adopting the hollow optical element that has reflectance coating on its surface.

Consult Figure 15, a lamp system 141 comprises a bulb and a ceramic disk 143, and this dish structure has a perforate 145.One hollow optical element 147 has one with respect to coiling 143 surfaces 149 of locating and constituting a perforate 151, according to this aspect of the present invention, the neighboring on surface 149 is in the periphery outside of perforate 145, and surface 149 inside circumference is in the inside of the periphery of perforate 145, and surface 149 is suitable for having highly reflective (for example greater than 90%) in the viewing area at least.Turn back to the plasma (plasma) that penetrates light behind the reflecting surface of part light impact surface 149.Therefore, surface 149 forms the part of the overall volume of perforating bulb, and perforate 151 provides light emission perforate for the perforating bulb.

Advantageously, the present invention can keep high brightness by optical element 147 because of the homogeneity that has good space and angle in its light output.The etendue conversion aspect than light is more effective potentially for one hollow optical element.For example, as mentioned above, a solid optical element must not be full of perforate (promptly cross and be full of light).Compare with solid optical element, especially with cover perforate 145 and compare at the solid optical element that forms the insulating space of a sealing between bulb and the optical element, hollow optical element also provides thermodynamic property preferably for the conduction cooling of bulb window.The present invention's another advantage in this respect is the undemanding tolerance between the perforating bulb and first optical element.Because optical element self has constituted the bulb perforate, system is alignment automatically, and optical element does not need the accurate centering of relative bulb.

For example, the surface 149 of optical element 147 and inner surface 153 are coated with a high temperature dichroic coatings, so that suitable reflecting surface to be provided.According to coating processes, can select arbitrarily whole optical element 147 is applied, may be more effective on cost.Although optical element 147 is illustrated as CPC, other hollow optical element also can adopt, and comprises TLP (tapered light pipe), polished rod or integrator (intrgrator) and spherical reflector or angle Selection device, and unrestricted.

Preferably, hollow optical element 147 does not have seam, or the least possible in the seam of inner surface 153.It is to shrink a hollow quartz ampoule around a seamless mould that manufacturing does not have a method of the optical element of inseam.

Selectively high angle is ended

According to an aspect of the present invention, high angle light can remove and turn back to plasma from light beam, and wherein the part of back light penetrates in required beam angle again.In this respect, the plasma of the as close as possible ejaculation light of the selection of angle.The scope of chosen angle for example can be equivalent to the acceptance angle of optical element.Except that the efficient that improves light source, the present invention has also improved from the utilization ratio of the light of perforate ejaculation, because it is more even on beam angle to penetrate light.

Consult Figure 16, lamp system 154 comprises a bulb 155, all is closed in except that perforate 159 zones in the reflection ceramic 157.One optical element 161 aligns with perforate 159 along optical axial.For example, not that optical element 161 can be CPC, TLP, spherical reflector, a bar or cone as restriction, preferably make by the electrically non-conductive material of quartzy or another high temperature.As shown in the figure, quartzy normal cone body of optical element 161 expressions with plane surface.The dichroic coatings of energy selected angle is deposited on the inlet face 167 of bulb internal surface 163, bulb outside surface 165, optical element or the exit face 169 of optical element.For example, the angle Selection coating be configured to make optical axial relatively+light that penetrates bulb between/-25 ° the angle can highly transmit in visible range, perhaps the light outside these angles can high reflection in visible range.

At bulb or near the coating 163-167 bulb is the high temperature dichroic coatings, and coating 169 can be the relatively lower temp coating.Coating in surperficial 163-167 zone is usually because from the loss that transmits with from returning of surface 169 far away and more effective.One preferred example does not have coating 163 or 165 at tube face, and an angle Selection coating is arranged on the inlet face 167 of optical element 161, and an antireflecting coating is arranged on exit face 169.Lamp system can comprise that also a long-range perforate and/or is such as from the reflective polarizer of the DBEF of 3M or above-mentioned be arranged on the exit face 169 or near the wire grid polarizer it (wire grid polarizer).Such structure has been arranged, and supposition optical element 161 and bulb 155 are separated by nearer, leak to reduce light, the zone between optical element and the bulb is owing to the quantity and the high angle light of the light that returns from reflective polarizer ends (high angle lightcutoff) and considerably increased photon flux density.Through suitable structure, the light of generation 50% or manyly will turn back to plasma through this zone.The photon flux density that increases has another advantage of the more approaching Lambertian light output of generation.

Long-range perforate

Consult Figure 17, an opening pore light system 173 comprises a bulb 175, is encapsulated in except that the zone of perforate 179 in the reflection stupalith 177.Taper fluorescent tube (TLP) 181 aligns with perforate 179.Preferably, perforate 179 is more bigger than the narrow end of TLP181, makes TLP181 cross and is full of light.TLP181 comprises a structure 183 on the bigger end of TLP181, and this structure constitutes a long-range perforate 185 that separates with bulb 175.In the structure of this lamp, structure 183 comes down to the part of light set container.

Be in operation, some light A leave lamp system 173 through long-range perforate 185, and other light B reflects back in the bulb 185 through TLP181 by structure 183.A part that reflects back into the light B of bulb changes directions through reflecting material 177, and becomes the light A that penetrates from lamp system and leave bulb 175.Also have, through suitable selection packing material the molecule emitter of sulphur or indium halide (for example such as), the part light B that enters bulb 175 again is filled material and absorbs, and becomes the light A that leaves lamp system and penetrate, further improves system effectiveness thus.Compare as the lamp system of lamp system perforate with adopting perforate 179, other advantage that constituting the structure 183 of long-range perforate provides comprises:

1) material that is used to constitute the structure 183 of perforate has bigger range of choice.For example, structure 183 can be made by high reflecting metal (for example polishing in the side in the face of bulb 175 of structure 183), dichroic coatings or other high reflecting material;

2) make optics to perforate 185 require with separate from heat request bulb-because perforate 185 away from bulb 175, it does not have the heat that resembles perforate 179 peripheral regions;

3) can accurately form the manufacture method of system's perforate-metal and dichronic mirror may be more accurate and can repeat than the process for preparing ceramic comparable with it;

4) can carry out optical alignment preferably; And

5) preferably profile use-shown in Figure 12-24, optical element and long-range perforate can be adopted multiple shape and size.Yet single opening pore light can adopt several different optical elements, to satisfy the level requirement of different system.For example, a same opening pore light can by optical element is changed over have required long-range hole shape and and one the circle an optical fiber or rectangle liquid crystal display (LCD) image fenestra (image gate) be coupled.

Consult Figure 18, one is similar to the opening pore light system of said system, except optical element is a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) 187 and has the member 189 that constitutes long-range perforate 191.CPC187 can be solid, also can be hollow, is made by the electrically non-conductive material such as quartz usually.For example, member 189 is mirrors, and wherein part is removed (for example bore or machine away) to constitute a perforate 191.Mirror is connected in the end of a solid CPC with the optics translucent adhesive.Mirror can be by for example making through press polished sheet metal.Perhaps, member 189 is suprasil dishes, and the dichroic coatings that deposits certain pattern on it is to constitute perforate 191.With the edge of optics translucent adhesive dish is connected on the hollow CPC around CPC.Another kind method designs an optics holder, reflection configuration 189 is positioned at the end of optical element 187.

In Figure 19 and 20, optical element of the present invention comprises a Frusto-conical TLP, and it has perpendicular to the circular cross section of TLP axis and at the end of TLP and constitutes a perforate, and this end is relative with near that end light source of TLP.Long-range perforate can be adopted any required shape.In Figure 19, long-range perforate is a rectangle, and in Figure 20, long-range perforate is circular.

In Figure 21 and 22, optical element of the present invention comprises the TLP of a butt rectangular pyramid shape, and it has perpendicular to the rectangular cross section of TLP axis and constitutes a perforate.In Figure 21, long-range perforate is oval-shaped.In Figure 22, long-range perforate be shaped as star or any conceivable hole shape.

In Figure 23, optical element of the present invention comprises the light guide member of a cylindrical bar, and it constitutes a long-range perforate.Shown light guide member is columnar.Yet, will be understood that those skilled in the art light guide member can be any available shape, comprise guide or prismatic light guide with constant rectangular cross section.

Figure 24 is the stereographic map of the CPC of formation one long-range perforate of the present invention.In light guide member or TLP type optical element, light wall facing to optical element before leaving long-range perforate or reflecting back into lamp experiences several secondary reflections.Opposite with TLP, in CPC type optical element, the major part of light is only (in each direction) experience primary event on the wall at CPC before leaving long-range perforate or reflecting back into lamp.

In Figure 24, the reflecting member on the end face of CPC constitutes a plurality of long-range perforates.Such structure is useful, for example, and in application with fiber distribution light.Shown in structure in, the optical fiber coupling of two bigger long-range perforates and headlight for vehicle, less long-range perforate then with Brake lamp and/or the coupling of backlighted optical fiber.

Although described and illustrated the example of several optical elements of the present invention, those skilled in the art should be appreciated that according to the principle of the present invention in this announcement can construct many other optical elements (for example lens) with long-range perforate that have with the use of opening pore light system in combination.Therefore, aforesaid optical system is explanation as an example just, rather than is used to limit the present invention.Provided benefit in this instructions, many other optical systems are suitable for being used in various aspects of the present invention.

The plane source of polarized light

According to an aspect of the present invention, one plane source of polarized light comprises that employing can be that transmit and structure reflectible polarizer (the firstth, polarization transmits, the secondth, reflection), and wherein polarizer is the plane, rather than (for example not being spherical) of curve, lens are near polarizer.

Total problem is the plane source that produces uniform polarized light the plane source of the uneven light (for example opening pore light) from a wide-angle, simultaneously very near preserving etendue practically.The particular problem that overcomes by this aspect of the present invention is the useless light (waste light) of polarization that increases recycle.

For than wide-angle, the output of the light of opening pore light described here is failed sooner than Lambertian cos (θ) curve.The light that is produced be hypothesis approximately with a Lambertian source and use normal light intensity (perpendicular to this source with center in this source) desired light 70 to 90%.

But, reaching about 70 degree near Lambertian from normal from the light of perforate, the light that surpasses maximum Lambertian angle can reflect back into perforate and re-use.This is represented as " etendue recycle ".

Consult Figure 25-26, our Noodles of the present invention is similar to the example of Fig. 5, except omitting sphere lens, also adopts lens (a for example plano-convex lens) and polarizer cooperation to increase the amount of the useless light of polarization by reflection that can be regained effectively.Polarizer/lens are got back in the bulb perforate with the light that reflects unnecessary angle with the spherical mirror sub-portfolio with center drilling.

Needing the polarizer of sphere or curved surface to reflect unwanted polarization gets back in the perforate.But the curved surface polarizer is than complicated and expensive.With a kind of plane polarization element, do not need the catoptrical major part of polarization can not enter perforate again.Advantageously, the plano-convex lens that adopts according to this aspect of the present invention reflects the reflected light that turns back to the source perforate from polarizer, increases the amount of the useless light that is reclaimed thus.Lens or polarizer are assembled in the center drilling of mirror.The bulb perforated area is adjusted to and is preserved initial alpha value (for not having mirror or polarizer).This aspect of the present invention can be used for and the spherical lens combination, through the size of suitable adjustment center drilling, polarizer and lens.

Consult Figure 26, the center of curvature of a spheric reflector 193 is positioned at the center of bulb perforate plane (perforate pelvic outlet plane), thereby forms a perforate image of putting upside down in bulb perforate plane.The center drilling of spheric reflector in first journey time (ignoring error angle and deviation), will limit from the limiting angle output of the light of perforate bulb.In the plane of spherical mirror perforate, place a plane of reflection polarizer 195.Placement one plano-convex lens 197 below the reflecting surface of polarizer just in time, its focal length make pass through the light of lens from the light of bulb perforate for the second time from polarizer reflective will imaging in perforate.Polarizer can be bonded to the planar side (if heat is feasible) of lens, also can be formed on the planar side of lens, or separates with Fresnel non-reflective coatings on each optical surface.Depend on angle and its reflectivity that polarizer faces toward from the quantity of the light of polarizer reflection.

Bulb with whole polished rod and oblique angle perforate

According to this aspect of the present invention, have the perforating bulb of whole polished rod, its reflection stupalith is making the oblique angle near the junction of bulb and bar, to avoid disperseing to enter the light of bar.

Consult Figure 27, a lamp system comprises a bulb 215 and a whole cylindrical shaft-like light guide member 213 (can be solid or hollow), and bulb 215 is enclosed in the reflection ceramic coat 217.The light that produces in bulb 215 leaves lamp system through polished rod 213.Outside overcoat 217, light is propagated downwards effectively by bar 213 total internal reflections.But light can disperse when running into interface between stupalith 217 and bar 213, as among Figure 27 with shown in line and the arrow.Quite a few the light that enters bar 213 can not be propagated out lamp system.

Consult Figure 28, this aspect of the present invention addresses this problem like this, makes near near stupalith 217 tiltangles bulb 215 and bar 213 junctions, makes bevel surface 219 contact lever not of overcoat 217.Like this, near the light that runs into the wall of bar 213 bulb 215 and bar 213 junctions can not run into the interface with reflecting material 217, and the major part of light is propagated downwards by total internal reflection of bar.

Bulb with overall lens

According to this aspect of the present invention, a bulb is furnished with holistic first optical element.Advantageously, two optical interfaces and a heating power interface have been cancelled in this aspect of the present invention.

Described here and also in ' 940 texts disclosed some lamp system show and the very close sphere lens of opening pore light or the use of other optical element.In these structures, the surface of bulb and the inlet surface of optical element provide two optical interfaces, its each all be subjected to Fresnel (Fresnel) reflection loss.These surperficial available antireflecting coating are handled, and reducing the loss, but such coating must be able to be born the high temperature of bulb, also increases cost, makes manufacturing process complicated.Another problem with these structures is that the air space between bulb window and the optical element provides the insulation course that the bulb window temperature is risen, and has limited the working range of bulb or the serviceable life of lamp system potentially.

The present invention overcomes these problems by making first optical element and bulb integration.Consult Figure 29-30, bulb shell 221 comprises body part 223 and opticator 225.Body part 223 and 225 whole linking to each other of opticator can be whole, constitute the volume 227 of sealing together.In this preferable illustrational example, bulb 221 has the xsect that is similar to human eye, and opticator has a flat surface 231 and the total lens that are shaped as frusto-spherical of entering.

Bulb 221 can be formed by the material structure of quartz, polycrystal alumina (poly-crystalline alumina), sapphire or other suitable transmitted light that can bear the bulb elevated operating temperature.Being constructed as follows of one preferred example.

1) since a spherical quartz bulb, a stuffed quartz bar is welded to bulb.

2) add the zone of thermal weld, quartz rod is pushed and flattened in the inside of bulb, form the surface of opticator.

3) with a quartzy lathe, bar away from bulb one appropriate length place one torch is set, with bar heating, and stretch, to form the extra curvature surface of sphere lens opticator.

4) after opticator possesses required form, unnecessary bar is pruned away, and in zone fire polishing that opticator is repaiied.

Characterize the bulb of above-mentioned structure then with optical alignment set.A bulb as an example is identified has approx. dimension: the body part diameter is 9.0 millimeters, be that the thickness along optical axial of 10.3 millimeters and opticator is 2.8 millimeters (radius-of-curvature of 3.4 millimeters) along the length overall of optical axial, and such bulb is encapsulated in the reflection ceramic coat with 6 mm dia perforates shown in Figure 30.Compare with the globular bulb in the reflection overcoat of a similar structures, more smooth in the beam angle scope of being distributed in of the relative light intensity of the bulb of this aspect of the present invention+/-30 °.

Advantageously, because optical element and bulb are whole, there is not Fresnel to lose in by optical element in direct light.Another advantage is that the air void between the bulb and first optical element has been eliminated.

Molding of optical elements with whole setting element

Various optical elements such as lens, TLP, bar and CPC can be used for guiding the light that penetrates from the perforating bulb.The reliable location of optical element and in optical system the alignment be very difficult.Usually, such element relatively optical axial also want relative perforate accurately to locate.But the pin of contact optical element surface or fabricated section can cause light loss.Can select a ground and adopt multiple optical clear cementing agent, but use this cementing agent can increase cost, make the packaging technology complexity, can shorten the serviceable life of system or reduce its reliability.

This aspect of the present invention has overcome these problems by a molding of optical elements with whole setting element is provided, and this integral body setting element can dock and the optical channel of can not degenerating with other machinery and/or optical devices at an easy rate.

Figure 31 illustrates the frusto-spherical lens that can unite use with the opening pore light that is used for many optical systems.It is more much bigger than radiative perforate usually to enter the surface, so the side of sphere lens can be cut sth. askew, and this is because there is not light this part through lens.Figure 32-33 illustrates a molded sphere lens of this aspect according to the present invention.Sphere lens is whole, one integral-type flange is arranged and have two keyways 233 and 235 entering near surface.As mentioned above, exceeding 45 ° of tapers place does not have light, and the shape of the moulded lens of this outside, zone does not have optical effect.Advantageously, flange and keyway are positioned at the outside in this zone, therefore can not weaken the optical function of lens.

It is as follows to consult Figure 34-35, example how to make molded sphere lens.One stuffed quartz bar is heated to softening, softening quartz material set at one end.Bar with set material is placed among two mould part A, the B, and mould is around material closes.For example, part B of mould constitutes the spherical part of lens and a side of flange, and mould another part A centers on quartz rod and constitutes the opposite side of flange.The thickness of flange is made of the groove that forms between two mould parts.In preferable illustrated example, groove makes the periphery of flange to be shaped arbitrarily for the set material provides excessive volume so that material flows into.Softening quartz flows around being arranged on two moulds or the pin of one of them, to constitute two keyways 233 and 235.Perhaps, other location feature also can adopt in molding process.Although the mould that this preferred embodiment is adopted has two parts, two above moulds of part also can use, as long as suitably careful, avoid forming seam and get final product in optical channel.For example, can be two that separate along center line around the mould part of quartz rod, can radially be placed on bar around.

Lens are molded in after the end of bar, bar cuts off at the correct position near flange, so that the surface that enters of lens to be provided.Can polish entering the surface according to required smooth finish.

It is molded and at output terminal one flange is arranged with axisymmetric stuffed quartz optical element through grinding to consult Figure 36-37.Its shape roughly is para-curve-taper shape (being conical near input end for example, after this is para-curve).In this specific use, the less end of diameter is called input end, and the end that diameter is bigger is called output terminal.

The place that integral-type flange provides a machinery that CPC is installed, this CPC uses total internal reflection (TIR) to reach its optical property.This is an optical component that relies on TIR, to receive from the light of bulb perforate input, with a controlled size and an angle this light is sent to a target or optical element then.

Because CPC relies on TIR, will constitute loss with any contact on surface, flange is positioned at output terminal, and owing to the incident angle at the light of output terminal is very little, it is minimum that loss is dropped to.The shape of flange is the result of processing and manufacturing process, also is that a kind of trial is so that bottom line is reduced in second grinding action.

The rotational symmetry xsect of CPC is made of five features, these five features are, the straight-line segment 243, one that one flat input end face 241, forms conical spin crossover forms the parabolic segment 245 of para-curve spin crossover, a relevant flange 247 and a flat output terminal 249.Straight-line segment and parabolic segment are controlled so as to optimum condition to receive light and to penetrate light with another required incident angle from a given incident angle.

Subsequently the grinding on input and output surface and/or polishing are normally needed.

Consult the molded optical element of Figure 38-39, and have the TLP shape, the output terminal of TLP has holistic flange.

Taper optical taper body with angle step

The purpose of this aspect of the present invention is to propose like this, light is transformed into the larger area dish type light source with limited angle scope near having the plane of wide-angle radiation or the light source near the plane from one, preserve etendue and total light more nearly than other method simultaneously, propose one simultaneously than the lower scheme of compound parabolic shape refractor cost.

The problem of using the quartzy condenser of refraction compound parabolic shape is that such condenser is very expensive.But more cheap simple quartzy cone does not reach required result.Consult Figure 40-41, this aspect of the present invention adopts one or more dihedral steps in an optical taper body, with the performance near the refraction compound parabolic concentrator.The all angles of these steps and the selection of position are best near the available refraction compound parabolic concentrator that the cone replacement of step is arranged.

Taper optical taper body with dihedral step is the cylindrical shape symmetry, can be solid, also can be hollow.The length of these steps and the selection of angle make it possible to the performance near the refraction compound parabolic concentrator.The quantity of step can be from one to any one so much quantity of actual needs.Example shown in Figure 40 comprises two steps.The example of Figure 41 also comprises convex lens at output surface.Convex lens can be the parts of cone, also can be bonded together separately.

Final optics is simple, and it is near a more effective optical element.Medium that is replaced or refracting element can be parabolical or simple curves.In any situation, this aspect of the present invention is approaching uses one or more condensers with dihedral step of straight flange, thereby has advantage easy to manufacture.

Can make the refraction or the medium condenser that do not have convex lens, although final optical element is than the length with lens.

The butt optical element

According to this aspect of the present invention, an optical element curve or taper can have four sides, and they are substantially perpendicular to the output surface of optical element.

For example, consult the solid CPC of Figure 42-44, nonconducting (for example glass or quartz) along four dotted line corrections, to form perpendicular to front surface or with low-angle side, make light in internal reflection, thereby in the required rectangular area that forms image fenestra or image fenestra light source, penetrate.Final optical element is shown in Figure 45-47.Consult Figure 48, the butt optical element can adopt a long-range arbitrarily perforate screen film, and it preferably reflects in the one side of the output terminal of facing optical element, with the light of recycle bump screen film.

Advantageously, the butt optical element can be kept at light the degree that reaches bigger than other system in the projection system that needs the rectangular image fenestra.Medium CPC is well-known.In many optical systems, CPC is reversed use, is not to be used for concentrating light, but converts the angular range of light to smaller value from higher value.But the CPC with circular output terminal is full of mistake (overfill) rectangular image target, thereby causes useless light.According to this aspect of the present invention, a CPC carries out butt (for example cut and/or polish) four sides, makes light be reflected into the output shape of rectangle comparatively from the side in inside, thereby reduces the quantity of useless light.

Divided CPC

According to this aspect of the present invention, an optical element with output surface of curved surface is divided into and more approaches a rectangular image fenestra.Advantageously, being cut apart optical element has improved the amount that offers the light of a rectangular image target from an opening pore light.

As mentioned above, CPC is the optical element commonly used that will convert to than wide-angle light than low angle light.But CPC is round, and the image fenestra is a rectangle, make door cross and be full of, thereby the light around the target periphery is wasted.Long-range perforate is avoided using in this aspect of the present invention, and increases the quantity that can be coupled to the light of rectangular image fenestra from CPC.Consult Figure 49-50, a CPC and be configured with four sides.Each side is the smaller portions of CPC, and this part is incorporated into other side along its edge, to form the output window of rectangle comparatively.Each side keeps the curve of CPC, so that required angular transition to be provided.This fenestra is still crossed to be full of, but useless light is less.

Divided CPC can be molded as single-piece or be made of four segmentations.Divided CPC can be solid or hollow.Perforate can be the circle or rectangle.One preferred example near the square divided CPC that exports has four facets of downcutting from 25 less degree CPC, and this CPC is that one 85 degree incident angles design.The roughly square input face of CPC can external one 3.6 mm dias, to receive the input from one 3.385 millimeters round hole.Divided CPC about 48 (1.89 inches) millimeters long, output can be external by the circle of about 24 millimeters (0.94 inches).

The optical devices of curved edge light

According to this aspect of the present invention, the compensating element, of employing refraction and/or reflection matches lens reception etendue with a light source near field etendue.Specifically, an optical element can make the light at the edge, source move inwardly, stays inner unaltered light simultaneously.

For example, one aspect of the invention is with crooked inwardly and significantly do not change internal light at the light at source tray edge, to reach required Luminance Distribution at object space with stage division.

Consult Figure 51, with two barrier films (irises) 251 and the 253 required scopes of angular distribution to that suppress through their light.One lens 255 are configured under classification status near the light the rims of the lens is crooked inwardly, stay unchanged internal light simultaneously, receive etendue thereby mate a target preferably near the field lens.Consult Figure 52, a reverberator 257 is configured under classification status near the light the rims of the lens is crooked inwardly, stays unaltered internal light simultaneously.

Double Opening etendue system of selection and equipment

According to this aspect of the present invention, select a required etendue with two perforates.For example, perforate is corresponding to the output perforate of an opening pore light, and another perforate is formed in reflective spherical (or resembling sphere) reverberator, spherical reflector be centered close in the perforate or near perforate.The opening of spherical forms the inlet of an optical system, and this inlet is suitable for preserving the etendue that is made of two perforates.

Two barrier films constitute one and receive etendue amplitude (magnitude).One spherical reflector trend (ignoring deviation) is reflected in the light that put upside down at the spherical center.The present invention uses two notions.Lamp penetrates the perforate of light corresponding to first barrier film.Perforate in the reflection half sphere shape is corresponding to second barrier film.The perforate center that is centered close to opening pore light of half sphere shape.In principle, the light without second barrier film reflects back into first barrier film (supposition does not have deviation).Therefore, through the only selecteed etendue of second barrier film.Spherical can change, to reduce deviation.In order to reduce deviation, but fewer than half spherical of spherical reflector, and its center slightly is offset the perforate of lamp.Second barrier film forms the optics inlet that the angular transition that two barrier films are limited becomes target (for example image fenestra) acceptance angle then, keeps etendue simultaneously.

Consult Figure 53, an opening pore light 261 constitutes first barrier film 263.One spherical reflector 265 constitutes one second barrier film 267.Outside second barrier film 267, CPC269 conversion and direct light be the optical devices in downstream extremely more.For the first given barrier film, reverberator 265 is finished the function of selecting etendue by radius and the length between two barrier films of setting second barrier film.Etendue can select according to the formula of Lambert:

ϵ = \frac{π^{2}}{4} {\sqrt{L^{2} + {(R 1 + R 2)}^{2}} - \sqrt{L^{2} + {(R 1 - R 2)}^{2}}}^{2}

Wherein

ε represents etendue;

L represents the length between two barrier films;

R1 represents the radius of first barrier film; And

R2 represents the radius of second barrier film.

For example, for L=6 millimeter and R1=R2=3 millimeter, then etendue is 15.2 square millimeters.Etendue selector switch 265 and CPC269 can be made into a design of part.After the etendue selector switch, the optical element 269 just like CPC is shown, but also can is a composite conical condenser (compound conicconcentrator), a sphere lens or other suitable optical devices.

Two CPC and integrator

Consult Figure 54 (not in scale), a lamp system 271 comprises an opening pore light 273, an angle Selection device 275 (for example reflecting surface of CPC or CPC and so on), a light integrators 277 (having optional angle enhancer), a photoconverter 279 (a for example CPC), an optional reflection/transmission polarizer 281 and an optional long-range reflection perforate 283.

The advantage of angle Selection device (for example hollow CPC form or composite conical condenser) is the wide-angle light that is not directly used in illumination Projection Display image fenestra can be turned back to bulb.Light enters the bottom (major diameter) of angle selector switch with the angle from optical axial to 90 degree, and will be by the angle Selection device, or does not depend on that it enters angle.

In some structure, the light that leaves the angle Selection device may be so uneven as desired.Integrator makes light in the space randomization, improves homogeneity usually.For example, integrator can comprise the tunnel integrator of a pipe form, has high reflective inner surface.Usually, homogeneity improves with the increase of integrator length.But this must balance keep the compactedness of optical devices and the factor that reduces reflection loss well.For a light source and a hollow cylindrical pipe that a F number equals 1, expectation is about 4 or 5 length diameter ratio (with respect to pipe diameter), to produce acceptable uniformity coefficient.For one less than 1 F number, a less length diameter ratio is suitable.That supposes one 4 millimeters perforates, one 50 degree is about 3 millimeters hollow pipe integrator by an entering angle (cutoff entrance angle) and a diameter, and integrator length should be less than 10 millimeters.

At length diameter ratio, tube interior reflectivity with enter between the maximum optic angle degree of integrator a compromise selection is arranged.Be added in after the angle Selection device and integrator before short angle converter (CPC) may need, perhaps be 70 to spend in order to being reduced near the 90 integrator input angles of spending.After integrator, the optical element 279 as CPC is shown, but also can is a composite conical condenser (obviously being similar to very much CPC), sphere lens or other suitable optical devices.

As mentioned above, optical devices can be made by the hollow-core construction of single-piece.This structure can be selected to reflect, and preferably A/R applies.Also have, this structure can be made of several parts.

Another structure for angle Selection device 275 and integrator 277 is holistic taper shape.One or two

stage

275 and 277 is combined into a very cone of high reflectance, and this cone has the no more than several years pitch angle of (for example less than about 2 degree).The optic angle degree through this cone will be selected or limit to the low-angle cone of individual reflection ratio, and balance is turned back to light source.This qualification is to control by the entrance and exit area of cone.Because cone is a low-angle, the light of propagating along cone length has many springs.Consult Stupp and Brennesholtz (John Wiley 1999) work＜projection display, for make light the outlet disk area even, cone should have length L:

L = \frac{L_{n} n \sqrt{A}}{\sin (θ_{c})}

L wherein _nRepresentative normalization length (dimensionless), n represents the refractive index (for example quartzy=1.47 or air=1) of medium, and the A representative is at the average cross-section area of mean diameter, and θ _cCutoff angle (cutoff angle) in the middle of representing or design.For opening pore light described here, the normalization length near 5 is selected in hope, will make homogeneity greater than 90%.(end diameter is 2.5 and 3.4 millimeters a quartzy cone) as an example:

L = \frac{5 \cdot 1.47 \cdot \sqrt{π {(2.95 / 2)}^{2}}}{\sin (47)} \approx 26 mm

In other words, initial diameter is that 3.4 millimeters, final diameter are that 2.5 millimeters and length are that to have caused diameter in the cone end be even distribution on 2.5 millimeters circular flats for this example of 26 millimeters.The cone degree of tilt of this example is just in time under 1.0 degree.

Cone can be solid medium or hollow (air), and reflectivity in both cases is crucial.Under the medium situation, if light is less than the interior critical angle that back light is taken place (for the quartz relative with normal～42.9 °) then escape.The medium that is designed to very high internal reflection (for the interior angle of 0 to 43 degree to surface normal near) that is coated in the cone outside should reduce the amount of escape light.

For hollow cone, there is not critical angle equally.For near 0 degree (for return projector) to angle near 90 degree (direct light), should be as far as possible and use up practicably high with respect to the reflectivity of cone surface normal.

Consult Figure 55-58, show the separately the whole bag of tricks of part of mechanical setting angle selector switch, integrator and CPC.According to this aspect of the present invention, the machinery of optical devices assembling can reduce the tolerance of multipart hollow angle Selection device 281 (form of CPC), integrator 283 (solid or hollow) and hollow CPC285.

In Figure 55, locator pins 287 is used for respect to other positioning parts integrator.But, the loss that can produce light with the position of pin contacts.The diameter of integrator is greater than the output perforate of angle Selection device and the corresponding input perforate of CPC.The surface energy reflection of the CPC of contact integrator is with recycle light.This just allows the tolerance of pine.

At Figure 56, the outlet bevel of angle Selection device is in order to be limited in integrator within the motions of 6 degree not having under the situation of pin.Angle Selection device rather than CPC are done bevel, to reduce the loss of light.In Figure 57, angle Selection device and integrator be bevel all, to avoid injuring owing to the line contact surface (coated) of angle Selection device when making the structure of Figure 56.In Figure 58, the angle Selection device comprises the flange 289 (as a countersunk) of a restriction integrator.

Consult Figure 59-60, a hollow reflective optics 291,293 and the integrator 295 of the CPC/CPC and so on of two pairs of single-pieces arranged.CPC is the hollow inner reflective surface that has.For example, reflecting material is multilayer dichroic (dichroic) coating, is that the angle and the wavelength of an OK range designs.The mechanical interface of each CPC between CPC and integrator constitutes a curved surface 291a, 293a (with the form of little CPC) respectively.

Have two purposes at the little CPC291 of integrator inlet end: the 1) mechanical holder of integrator, and 2) the maximum input angle of integrator is reduced to the angle that actual AR coating can reach from 90 degree, such as 50 or perhaps 60 degree.Has main application at the little CPC293a of integrator endpiece as mechanical keeper.At both ends, CPC must represent a complete design at contact ring, does not extend or butt, passes through optical system to keep maximum heart light far away (telecentric light).Little CPC293a at endpiece may be than the weak point (less angular transition) at inlet end.

The optical system example

According to this aspect of the present invention, unnecessary or useless polarization and/or the unwanted light outside required deflection (skew)/etendue are reflected back to opening pore light (those classes described in ' the 940 open texts), make a part of randomization of unwanted light, and penetrate again as using light.Advantageously, the total amount of using light has increased.This aspect of the present invention needing for example to can be used for the projection display of polarized light intensity light source.

In that class opening pore light of describing in the open text in ' 940, a bulb is inclusive in except that opening area in the reflection stupalith.A part that reflects back into the light of bulb is guided by reflecting material again, can be used as using light and leaves bulb.Also have, by suitable selection packing material the molecular emission device of sulphur or indium halide (for example such as), a part that enters the light of bulb again is filled thing and absorbs and penetrate as using light again, further increases system effectiveness thus.

Consult Figure 61, an optical system 303 comprises a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) 305, has an antireflection (A/R) coating 307 in its small end.For the traditional A/R coating of normal incident angle (0 °) is best.According to an aspect of the present invention, coating 307 is configured to make the light with high incident angle to combine better with the light that penetrates from perforate.For example, A/R coating 307 is configured to incident angle between about 30 ° and 55 °, and it is preferable having about 40 ° half-angle.

CPC305 further comprises a structure 311 at its big end, and it constitutes a long-range perforate.When combining with an opening pore light, structure 311 is the part of light integration container basically.In operation, some light of light A leave optical system 303 through long-range perforate, and other light of light B are got back to bulb by structure 311 reflections through CPC305.As mentioned above, some that reflect back among the light B of bulb are left bulb by the reflecting material guiding and as the light A that leaves optical system again.Entering among the light B of bulb some again is filled that thing absorbs and penetrates as the light A that leaves optical system again.

Optical system 303 also comprises reflection UV (ultraviolet ray) barrier filter 309, and it prevents the bad downstream of UV light loss member.Optical system 303 also comprises a reflective polarizer 313.Useless UV light and useless polarization all reflect back into lamp to pass through filling material recycle.For example, reflective polarizer 313 is by making from two brightness enhancement films (DBEF) that 3M obtains.

Consult Figure 62, an optical system 315 comprises CPC305 and A/R coating 307 and long-range perforate 311.Optical system 315 also comprises a wide-angle A/R coating 317 at the big end of CPC305.To a polarizer cube 319 (having the side of polishing), has a UV reflectance coating 321 from the photoconduction of CPC305 in the side in the face of CPC305 of this cube 319 for total internal reflection.The light of required polarization is arrived suitable optical devices (for example lens 325) by cube 319 reflections through an A/R coating 323.Useless polarized light is got back to bulb by observable reflectance coating 327 reflections through CPC305.

Consult Figure 63, an optical system 331 comprises the CPC305 of (antireflection) coating 307 that has A/R.Optical system 331 also comprises a CPC keeper or flange 333, and it is installed on the big end of CPC305.For example, CPC305 is made by quartzy (refractive index is about 1.46), and flange 333 is quartz disks that the selectable translucent adhesive of a usefulness is connected in CPC305, has similar refractive index.One A/R coating 335 is arranged on the end of flange 33, is not attached to CPC305.One air interface (refractive index is 1.00) is arranged between flange 333 and the lens 337.These lens 337 have a reflection UV coating 339, one reflective polarizers 341 and follow in lens 337 back.Other optical element (for example cube) can be followed polarizer 341 back.

Optical projection system with modulated light source

According to this aspect of the present invention, an optical projection system comprises an electrodeless light source and a shutter that can open and close with projects images, and the power that wherein is used for electrodeless light source can be according to the opening and closing modulation of shutter, to raise the efficiency.

Consult Figure 64, an optical projection system 351 comprises an electrodeless light source 353, and the picture of this light illumination film roll 355 (frame) is to pass through film fenestra 357 projects images.For traditional motion-picture projection machine, the film fenestra comprises a shutter, this shutter close when film advances between two image frames.Shut-in time is represented the considerable part of the running time of projector.When shutter close, there is not light to arrive screen, the light of down periods has been wasted.According to the present invention, in optical projection system, adopt electrodeless light source, can be used on this light source of shutter synchronization ground modulation on the film fenestra, making has high light to export when shutter is opened, and the light of when shutter close, exporting quite a little less than, improved the efficient of optical projection system thus.For example, with 32Hz modulated light source corresponding to 32 image frames of per second.

Advantageously, the modulation of electrodeless light source to the serviceable life of light source without any negative interaction.The modulation of electrode arc lamp can be shortened lamp and be to use the life-span.According to the response time properties of the relative modulating frequency of plasma, miniature bulb size (for example 1 centimetre or littler) is comparatively ideal.

This aspect of the present invention also can be applicable to have LCD (liquid crystal display) or other optical projection system of interruption status between image frame.

Polarizer cube and mirror structure

This aspect of the present invention relates to the P/S subassembly of a novelty.Consult Figure 65, an optical system comprises a light source 401, and the light that this light source provides points to a polarity splitter cube 403.The first polarity light is directly by cube, and other polarity light reflects to a cubical surface perpendicular to the first polarity light.One polarization rotator 405 (a for example quarter-wave plate) is arranged on and receives catoptrical surface and catoptrical polarity is rotated into identical with first polarity.Light with rotation polarity is then by cubical apparent surface's reflection and by the primary light combination of a mirror 407 guiding with first polarity.

In addition, consult Figure 66, polarization rotator can comprise half of wave plate 409, and it directly returns light and passes through cube by sheet rather than with the light reflection.In this structure, mirror 407 is arranged near half-wave plate 409.

Advantageously, can be the application scenario that needs polarized light a large amount of light is provided.

The optics keeper of perforate cover is housed

Different with arc discharge lamp, opening pore light described here can provide the light source on basic plane, has the aspect ratio with required image plane (for example optics fenestra) coupling.Therefore, require the perforate plane accurately to align, thereby require following alignment with the plane of delineation:

1) supreme down or about be displaced sideways;

2) the perforate plane is perpendicular to optical axial (being parallel to the plane of delineation); And

3) the perforate plane does not rotate around optical axial.

According to this aspect of the present invention, an optics keeper can satisfy these requirements.Consult Figure 67-70, optics keeper 411 hollow tubular 413 is provided, respectively there is flange 415,417 at its two ends.Lens and other used for optical elements pad, screw thread retainer plate etc. and so on are installed in the pipe.Be shaped on a depression shoulder 419 on the flange 417, be used for the perforate cover on structural member 421 coupling.Particularly, the structural member directed relevant with perforate can be set on the perforate cover, flange can cooperate with those structural members makes perforate can suitably locate with respect to the downstream optical devices.Another flange 415 comprises a structural member 425, is used for and the shell of particular utility coupling, and the perforate plane that makes the perforate cover remains on a suitable direction with respect to the plane of delineation of this particular utility.

Shown in preferred example in, the perforate cover comprises the flange that has a straight flange, this straight flange is parallel with a side of perforate.Equally, the recess in flange 417 is made equally and can be justified with the butt that has flat edge of perforate cover coupling.Another flange 415 comprises the rectangle antelabium 425 of a projection, and a side of antelabium is configured to parallel with the flat edge of recess.Preferably, the optics keeper is configured to single foundry goods, to reduce cost, makes the relative direction between recess and the antelabium keep higher precision.Advantageously, the optics keeper 411 of single foundry goods provides the parallel surface and the cooperation of coupling under the situation that does not need adjusting mechanism, alignment pin or reference marker.

Above-mentioned structure has been arranged, and the misalignment of being displaced sideways between the perforate and the plane of delineation, plane rotation and (clocking) rotation synchronously just can be avoided, and needs adjustment again, and can guarantee high accuracy by the machining precision of foundry goods (with the perforate cover).

RF in lens tube (radio frequency) choke

According to an aspect of the present invention, an optics keeper matches with a RF choke, to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).Consult Figure 71-74, optics keeper 431 (a for example lens tube) and have an approaching side 433, this approaching side can be installed facing to the light source of RF excitation.According to the frequency of operation of light source, the narrow opening in lens tube can not be fully by the RF emission, and unwanted EMI may occur.According to an aspect of the present invention, a conduction sieve 435 is between optics keeper and light source, to improve the inhibition to EMI.Select the size of mesh also also to make the minimum that stops of light according to the frequency of operation of light source.

Shown in preferred example in, the RF choke comprises that one is clipped in the wire netting between two flat metal circle 437a, the 437b, these quoits provide good electrical contact and increase the rigidity of wire netting.Optics keeper formation one is suitable for receiving the shoulder 439 of RF choke, makes wire netting be depressed in the keeper.When the optics keeper was installed to light source, the RF choke was held in place regularly.

Light box

Fluorescent light be placed in usually have 2 feet * the standard-sized groove of 2 feet or 2 feet * 4 feet in (trough).Such groove is suitable for being assemblied in the furred ceiling of the metal grid with similar size.

This fluorescent illumination is more effective, but has only the quality of the receivable light of minimum level.

Need one can directly substitute the light fixture of this fluorescent lighting fixture, but have good photocurrent versus light intensity.

In general, Cap casing a perforating bulb, and this bulb guiding output light is by a sphere lens, and all these ' are described in detail in the 302PCT application aforesaid.Suitable filling material (for example indium halide) has been arranged, and the colour rendering index of the light that is provided by lamp surpasses 90.

Figure 75 is the stereographic map that is used for the shell of light box of the present invention.One shell 515 can be 2 * 2 fluorescent light grooves of a standard for example, and this groove can be buied in any light fixture shop.Groove 515 comprises a hole 517 in a side.Pass hole 517 from the light of lamp holder 507 outputs.

Figure 76 one is used in the stereographic map of the lens of light box of the present invention.Light from lamp holder 507 distributes quite uniformly with about 140 a ° full beam angle.Lamp holder 507 comprises a sphere lens, and these lens are alignment light output (for example about 60-70 ° of full-shape) equably further.According to the present invention, beam shaping gets more equably light is distributed in the light box.For example, the lens 519 of a groove 515 are made up of a cylindrical lens, and it is configured to focus on light narrower than the axis focusing along the light box width W along the axis corresponding to the light box depth D.One suitable cylindrical lens can be from the Melles Griot in California, and Irvine buys, and production number is 01LCP127.Cylindrical lens further with light output only in one-dimensional (for example depth D) be calibrated to about 24 ° of full-shapes.The structure of other light box has benefited from the structure of other beam shaping lens.

Figure 77 is the sectional view of light box of the present invention.One light box 521 comprises the shell 515 that forms opening 517.Light source (for example comprising lamp holder 507) is positioned to make light to pass opening 517.One optical system (for example a sphere lens and cylindrical lens 519) is configured to receive the light from lamp holder 507, and beam shaping is become light is distributed to light box more equably.For example, for lens 519 are held in place a pack support 523 can be set.

Usually, a light diffusion covering is placed on the groove 515.If necessary or desired, various reflections and/or diffuse material are placed on groove 515 inside, to change light output.For example, either side or this both sides in the side relative with opening 517 of opening 517 1 sides of light box and light box can be coated with a high reflecting material such as mylar.Aluminium flake, a kind of flexible material with high polishing mirror finish also can use.One similar small pieces (for example 75 millimeters multiply by 125 millimeters) material can be positioned on the bottom surface near opening 517 of groove 515.Diffuse material can be used for reducing the appearance of bright spot, especially near opening 517.

Power supply and RF parts can be fixed in the outside (for example being hidden in the part of ceiling) of groove 515.Perhaps, these parts can be placed in addition suitably near in the ceiling of lamp holder 507, to provide RF energy in a concentric cable.

Advantageously, above-mentioned light box can be used in the furred ceiling trellis of standard, with the fluorescent lighting fixture of direct replacement standard.Above-mentioned structure of the present invention can easily expand in 2 * 4 grooves of standard.If necessary or desired, can one lamp holder be set at each end of groove.The light box of other size also is fine.

Although at these several examples of having described and having illustrated optical system of the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that can be according at many other similar systems of the principles of construction of the present invention of this announcement.Therefore, aforesaid optical system illustrates as an example rather than provides as restriction.Under the situation of the benefit that provides this instructions, many other optical systems all can adopt various aspects of the present invention.In conjunction with the preferred embodiment that can consider at present the present invention has been described.But, it being understood that to the invention is not restricted to the disclosed embodiments that but opposite, the present invention can cover various changes and the equivalent structure that comprises essence spirit of the present invention and scope.

Claims

1. lamp system, it comprises:

One shell contains the filling material that can make light recycle; And

One optical element that separates with shell, the light outside required angle that it is configured to penetrate from shell reflects back into shell, by filling material recycle, allow the light in required angle to pass through simultaneously, wherein the light output ratio in required angle does not have the light output of optical element bigger, and required angle is according to selecting from the uniformity of light and the angular distribution of shell.

2. lamp system, it comprises:

One shell contains the filling material that can make light recycle; And

One with shell near and the high temperature wire grid polarizer of separating, it is configured to not need the light of polarity to reflect back into shell with having, with by filling material recycle, allow the light of required polarity to pass through simultaneously, wherein wire grid polarizer can be born the working temperature at least about 400 ℃.

3. lamp system, it comprises:

One shell contains the filling material that can make light recycle;

One optical element meets the perforate of required angle with respect to shell formation one; And

One with the optical element opening area in optical element near but the high temperature wire grid polarizer of separating, wherein optical element and shell separate, and be configured to the light outside the required angle is reflected back into shell, and by filling material recycle, and polarizer is configured to reflect back into shell with having the light that does not need polarity, and by filling material recycle, the light that leaves lamp system thus is within a required engagement angle and have required polarity, and light output ratio does not wherein have the light output of optical element and polarizer bigger.

4. lamp system as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that polarizer is arranged on by optical element and constitutes in the perforate.

5. lamp system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that polarizer is the plane, comprises that also one is arranged on the lens between polarizer and the bulb, and wherein lens can increase the amount that reflects back into the light of shell by polarizer.

6. optical device, it comprises:

A plurality of optical fiber constitute void space between optical fiber; And

Reflecting material on the void space is set selectively.

7. a method that is manufactured on the screen film on the optical device, this optical device comprises a plurality of optical fiber, constitutes void space between these optical fiber, this method comprises:

On the fiber of an end of fiber plant and void space, photochromics is set; With the other end of suitable optical illumination fiber plant, with the quick material of ray laser; And

Remove the material that is swashed or do not swashed by light, so that required screen film to be provided by light.

8. lamp system, it comprises:

One shell contains the filling material that can make light recycle; And

One fibre bundle, it has a plurality of optical fiber, constitutes void space betwixt, and selectively reflecting material is set on void space, and wherein reflecting material to some light that the major general does not enter optical fiber reflect back into shell, to pass through filling material recycle.

9. lamp system, it comprises:

One shell contains the filling material that can make light recycle;

One encases the reflecting material of shell except the opening area that penetrates light; And

One align with the light that leaves shell and with shell near but the optical element that separates, wherein optical element has an antireflecting coating, being delivered in the light within the required angular distribution, and will be in the reflection of the light outside the required angular distribution back into shell with recycle.

10. lamp system, it comprises:

One shell contains the filling material that can make light recycle; And

One optical element that aligns with the light that leaves shell, wherein optical element comprises a reflection configuration that separates with shell, wherein reflection configuration constitutes a plurality of light emission perforates, wherein optical element and reflection configuration constitute together and will turn back to shell without the light guiding of a plurality of light emission perforates, with recycle.

11. a lamp system, it comprises:

One shell all is enclosed in except that radiative opening area in the reflection pottery; And

One along the optical element of optical axial near perforate,

Wherein perforated area is compared with the perforate of constant area thus to increasing along the direction away from the optical axial of bulb, allows greatlyyer near the optical path of bulb, and optical element just can closely be located.

12. a lamp system, it comprises:

One shell all is enclosed in except that first opening area in the reflection pottery; And

One hollow optical element, its input end surface wherein contacts by the surface of the input end of incrustation and reflects against by incrustation, and wherein input end constitutes second perforate, the inside circumference of second perforate makes second perforate constitute the light emission perforate of shell within the periphery of first perforate.

13. a lamp system, it comprises:

One shell;

One integral body is connected in the polished rod of shell; And

One except that polished rod is connected in the zone of shell the reflection stupalith of covering shell, wherein reflect stupalith at junction bevel, to avoid disperseing to enter the light of polished rod near shell and polished rod.

14. the bulb of an electrodeless lamp, it comprises:

One body part; And

Integrally be connected in the opticator of body part, wherein body part and opticator form the internal capacity of a sealing together.

15. bulb as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, opticator comprises frusto-spherical lens, and it constitutes a flat surface that enters in the internal capacity of bulb sealing.

16. a high temperature monolithic optical element, it comprises:

One opticator; And

One localization part that combines with opticator, wherein localization part can not disturb the work of opticator, and wherein these two parts are made individual construction by a suitable material, to bear at least 400 ° working temperature.

17. optical element as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, opticator comprises frusto-spherical lens, and localization part is included in sphere lens and enters lip-deep flange, and these two parts are made by the mold pressing quartz.

18. optical element as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, opticator comprises a CPC, and localization part is a flange on the CPC exit surface, and these two parts are made by the quartz of mold pressing.

19. an optical element comprises a plurality of frusto-conically shaped portions with angled step, has the line transversal face, and is suitable near the curved surface xsect.

20. an optical element, it comprises the input surface and an output surface of a circle, and this output surface is cut into a surface that has more rectangle with four sides from a circle, and this four side is basically perpendicular to output surface.

21. an optical element, it comprises four segmentations that are connected with each other along edge separately, and wherein each section is equivalent to the sub-fraction of CPC, and keeps the curved surface of CPC, so that required angular transition to be provided, provides an output that has more rectangle simultaneously.

22. an optical system, it comprises:

Along an input barrier film and an output barrier film of optical axial alignment, be configured to the light by wherein is suppressed to a required angular range; And

One optical element near output barrier film location, and can curve inwardly marginal ray with respect to optical axial, it is constant to stay inner light simultaneously.

23. a lamp system, it comprises:

One shell, contain can recycle filling material, and the stupalith that all is reflected except that first opening area covers, and

One reverberator, separate with shell and constitute second perforate of aliging with first perforate along optical axial, reverberator can reflect back into first perforate with the light of impact outside second opening area from first perforate, with recycle, wherein select first perforate to the distance of second perforate and second perforate relative size with respect to first perforate according to a target etendue.

24. a lamp system, it comprises:

One contain can recycle filling material, and the shell that covers of the stupalith that except opening area, all is reflected; And

One angle Selection optical element near shell, and can be transmitted in the interior light of required angular range, will reflect back into shell at required extraneous light, with recycle;

One integrator can be accepted the light from the angle Selection device; And

One angular transition optical element can be accepted the light from integrator.

25. lamp system as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element all are hollow, manufacture integral body each other together.

26. lamp system as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element are parts separately, and wherein integrator is located with register pin.

27. lamp system as claimed in claim 24, it is characterized in that, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element are parts separately, and wherein the output terminal of angle Selection optical element is made the oblique angle, and can become line to contact with the outside surface of integrator.

28. lamp system as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element are parts separately, and wherein the input end of the output terminal of angle Selection device member and integrator is furnished with the oblique angle that is complementary.

29. lamp system as claimed in claim 24, it is characterized in that, angle Selection optical element, integrator and angular transition optical element are parts separately, wherein the output terminal of angle Selection optical component is furnished with the curved surface of a little CPC form, is fit to the integrator mechanical splice and an angular transition is provided.

30. an optical device, it comprises:

One polarized light cube is suitable for receiving light in input on the surface, and the light that transmits first polarity along first optical axial is by first output surface, and the light that reflects second polarity is by second output surface;

One polarization rotator near second output surface location, it is identical with first polarity to change over polarity in order to the light with second polarity; And

One mirror, in order to guiding with the direction identical forward with the light that is transmitted through first output surface from the light of polarization rotator.

31. an optical tube, it comprises:

One can hold the lens tube with fixed lens therein;

One is connected in first flange of lens tube input end, and this first flange forms a structural member, can be complementary with the counterpart member on opening pore light, so that the optical alignment along optical axial to be provided; And

One is connected in second flange of lens tube output terminal, and this second flange forms a structural member, can be complementary with the counterpart member on shell, keeps suitable aliging with opening pore light thus, so that light is provided to shell.

32. a lamp system, it comprises:

One RF exciting light source;

One is installed on the lens tube of RF exciting light source; And

One RF choke is positioned can reduce between lens tube and the light source EMI from light source.

33. lamp system as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that, the RF choke comprises a conduction mesh screen.

34. a lamp system, it comprises:

One has the shell of length, width and the degree of depth, and wherein the degree of depth is much smaller than length or width;

One is positioned to light is directed to the opening pore light of enclosure; And

One lens combination is used to receive the light from opening pore light, and light output is shaped as more is evenly distributed in the shell.

35. lamp system as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, shell comprises 2 * 2 or 2 * 4 grooves of a standard, and wherein lens combination comprises a cylindrical lens, and this lens position becomes to reduce the angular range with respect to the light of the one-dimensional of the degree of depth.

36. an optical projection system, it comprises:

One electrodeless light source;

One by the image fenestra of radio aurora source lighting; And

One shutter that selectively is opened and closed, with from image fenestra projects images,

Wherein can modulate electrodeless light source according to the opening and closing of shutter.