CN1465498A - Modulated anti-locking brake system - Google Patents

Modulated anti-locking brake system Download PDF

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CN1465498A
CN1465498A CNA021223718A CN02122371A CN1465498A CN 1465498 A CN1465498 A CN 1465498A CN A021223718 A CNA021223718 A CN A021223718A CN 02122371 A CN02122371 A CN 02122371A CN 1465498 A CN1465498 A CN 1465498A
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controlled switch
electric capacity
diode
braking
parallel
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朱筱杰
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Abstract

The present invention utilizes the current of predefined waveform outputted by modulator to change the brake force so as to attain the goal of preventing the brake from being locked. The output waveform can be changed, can be selected by driver. Said invention also provides several implement schemes of brakeage modulator and drive circuit of the modulator. It adopts open-loop control, so that its structure is simple, it is specially suitable for motorcycle, also can introduce closed-loop control, its structure also is simple, and is applicable to high-level control of car.

Description

Modulated anti-locking brake system
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of motor vehicle braking systems, in particular for the brake system with antiblocking property of automobile, motor bike, and the device of this system of realization.
Background technology
Wheel lockup during brake constitutes a threat to the safety of self-propelled vehicle, during the high speed emergency braking more so.Theory and practice shows that all when slip rate was 15% left and right sides, the vehicle braked distance was the shortest, and good stability, and therefore, people have developed anti-skid brake system, are called for short ABS.Germany Bayerische Motorne Werke Aktiengeellschaft (BMW) has adopted a kind of Electronic Control ABS on the K100RS motor bike, its principle is identical with the ABS that is widely used in the automobile now, a kind of mechanical type ABS (Chinese patent 95120556.0,96111243.3,96111245.X etc.) has also invented in Japanese honda company, but all because of complex structure, only in race car applications.At present, fluid pressure type ABS device (Chinese patent 96200527.4,96207921.9 etc.) and the improved devices of at first inventing with Taiwan Li Laiwang thereof that adopt on the common motor bike more.
Fluid pressure type ABS has advantage of simple structure, but tangible deficiency is also arranged, oil pressure substantially constant when that is worked exactly, so-called " locking transformation point " narrow range.When the maximum static friction force of road surface and wheel hour, ABS does not start working as yet, wheel is locking; When the maximum static friction force of road surface and wheel was big, wheel is not locking as yet, and ABS just starts working, and oil pressure no longer raises, though wheel the locking situation can not occur, is actually the braking force deficiency; Only at the maximum static friction force of road surface and wheel, when mating with the operation point of ABS, contriver's design-calculated mode of operation could appear in ABS.Therefore, fluid pressure type ABS road pavement bad adaptability.
The mechanical type ABS of electronic type ABS, Honda company is that the control brake oil pressure can well be worked on various road surfaces by the locking situation of detection wheel, and its shortcoming is a complex structure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of later-model motor vehicle braking system, it can make the time of wheel lockup be effectively controlled, and improves the vehicle braked performance.Simultaneously its structure both can be simple relatively, and basic anti-lock function is provided, also can relative complex, good deceleration and stopping performance is provided.
Angle from control, above-mentioned electronic type ABS, mechanical type ABS are closed loop control systems, fluid pressure type ABS is actually oil pressure pressure limiting regulation and control system, basically be that open loop control is (because it can detect oil pressure to a certain extent, for oil pressure, can be closed loop, but be open loop) slip rate.Closed loop control system must have the detection link, and structure is inevitable complicated; Open loop control system based on oil pressure is improper because of the control angle Selection, and it is reasonable controlling effect undesirable.If with the glancing impact locking time as controlled target, design a kind of open loop control system based on the locking time, must reach desirable effect, Here it is basic thought of the present invention.
The present invention solves first kind of technical scheme that its technical matters adopts: in not having the brake system of ABS, increase brake-power modulator and modulation control.Brake-power modulator can make drg produce strong, weak two kinds of braking forces on wheel; When forcing power, wheel lockup; When weak braking force, not locking of wheel.Controller is by its output control signal (normally curtage also can be other physical quantity), and driven modulator makes and alternately exports strong, weak two kinds of braking forces on the drg, and time length strong by predefined programming control, weak braking force.Thereby the operating mode of locking and not locking alternately appears in wheel, the braking effect that obtains expecting.The time length of different strong, weak braking forces is set, and the slip rate of when emergency brake (particularly) wheel by this time parameter rationally is set, can obtain optimal slip ratio in the time of just can regulating brake.In addition, when ABS does not work, do not influence the function of original brake system.
Here, the present invention proposes the such notion of brake-power modulation (device), what use in the ABS system originally is to regulate.The implication of modulation is: a curve is arranged earlier, by controller and actuating unit (modulator), make braking force by this curvilinear motion.The implication of regulating is: a controlled target or strategy (in case just subtracting power such as locking) are arranged earlier, by controller and actuating unit (regulating control), controlled target or strategy are achieved, change curve as for braking force, then not in range of control, obtain any curve, even if what curve.For brake application curve, modulation is an actv., and adjusting is passive, though both results are that braking force is changed.
In actual brake system, the direct modulation of braking force and detection are often relatively more difficult, and some physical quantity (as oil pressure, electric current etc.) has functional relation with braking force, and modulation and detection are relatively easy, can and detect these physical quantitys by modulation and replace brake-power modulation and detection.In the present invention, with these physical quantitys or braking force general designation braking parameter, the braking force during the aforementioned techniques scheme is described can replace with the braking parameter.During modulation, the change curve of braking parameter is not necessarily identical with the change curve of braking force.
Compare with the electronic type ABS that mentions in the background technology, mechanical type ABS, the control program of this programme middle controller is predefined, thereby, not needing check implement, structure is greatly simplified.Under typical condition, both effects are identical substantially, have only under given conditions, and the effect of this programme may be slightly weaker.This is relevant with operating modes such as load size, pavement conditions, and for motor bike, load variations is little, and its difference is less relatively, may be relatively large to automobile difference.But, size and time length that these can strong by changing, weak two kinds of braking forces remedy, thereby form following improvement technical scheme.
Second kind of technical scheme that the present invention proposes is: on first kind of technical scheme basis, improve the braking paramertic modulator, make it can allow drg produce the multiple braking force that varies in size, it can be that what to disperse (promptly can only be limited value that braking force changes, with the stepped variation of controlling quantity), also can be continuous; Controller makes braking force change in time by predetermined squiggle, thereby improves the deceleration and stopping performance of ABS by predetermined squiggle output braking parameter control signal.Similar with first kind of scheme, when braking force is big, the locking of wheel short time; Braking force hour, not locking of wheel.By changing squiggle, just can regulate slip rate.Obviously, first kind of scheme is actually the special case of second kind of scheme.
The structure of this programme can be represented by Fig. 1, brake system is made of waveshape monitor, braking paramertic modulator, drg, waveshape monitor output control signal (normally curtage) is given the braking paramertic modulator, braking parameter after the modulators modulate, braking force by drg changes finally acts on the wheel.Waveshape monitor is exactly aforementioned controller, because the function of controller just has only output wave shape at this moment.
Waveshape monitor can be exported predetermined squiggle, and this squiggle can be to be stored in the controller with data mode, also can promptly be stored in the circuit structure mode by the circuit structure decision.
In this technical scheme, the size variation of braking force realizes by the braking paramertic modulator, is a kind of open loop control.But in brake system, the size of braking parameter also may be subjected to the influence of other factors (as the master cylinder piston position etc.), for eliminating this influence, the braking parameter is carried out closed loop control, can further improve the performance of ABS, forms following technical proposals.
The third technical scheme that the present invention proposes is: on the basis of second kind of technical scheme, increase certain braking parameter detecting device, with braking parameter controller this braking parameter is carried out closed loop control, make the braking parameter by the wave form varies of setting.Promptly brake the parameter controller by changing the control signal of its output, make actual braking parameter follow predetermined squiggle and change.This is a representative type feedback follow-up control, and the setting value of braking parameter controller is provided by waveshape monitor, and value of feedback is actual braking parameter detected value.This control has the control method of many maturations, and is classical as PID etc., recently as fuzzy control etc., can adopt.
The control structure of this programme can be represented by Fig. 2.Compared to Figure 1, increased braking parametric detector and braking parameter controller, and constituted closed loop control with the braking paramertic modulator.This moment, controller just comprised waveshape monitor and braking parameter controller, as the dotted portion among the figure.
Another factor that need consider is an operating mode, and under different operating modes, the optimum braking force squiggle may be different.Operating mode generally may comprise pavement conditions, load size, tyre type, wear pattern, temperature, humidity etc.For this reason, the present invention proposes another technical scheme.
The 4th kind of technical scheme that the present invention proposes is: increase control waveform storehouse and operating mode finder in controller.Store the squiggle of many predetermined control signal or braking parameter in the control waveform storehouse, every corresponding a kind of operating mode of squiggle.Use the operating mode finder, select one as current work wave curve.The operating mode finder can be realized by one or more change-over switches.Chaufeur can be according to current working, and by change-over switch, selecting certain bar curve is the real work squiggle.
This programme can be applied to respectively in the aforementioned techniques scheme.The structure of this programme can be represented that they are respectively on Fig. 1, Fig. 2 basis by Fig. 3, Fig. 4, increases control waveform storehouse and operating mode finder and forms.This moment, controller just also comprised control waveform storehouse and operating mode finder, as the dotted portion among the figure.
In this technical scheme, the selection of operating mode is finished by the people, but different people is not quite similar to the judgement with a kind of operating mode.Therefore, increase wheel lockup detecting device (being the wheel speed detector), allow controller judge according to people's the selection and the locking information summary of wheel speed signal reflection, the control waveform curve that selection is more suitable for, and then, according to many curves in the control curve library, generate new control waveform curve, as the real work curve, obviously be better technical scheme.So:
The 5th kind of technical scheme that the present invention proposes is: on the basis of the 4th kind of technical scheme, increase the wheel lockup detecting device; In the control waveform storehouse of controller, both stored the squiggle of many predetermined control signal or braking parameter, also store every cooresponding operating mode feature of curve, form the control knowledge base; Operating mode feature removes aforementioned work information, also comprises wheel lockup detecting device signal characteristic, input, the output signal feature of braking parameter control loop.Controller utilization Intelligent Recognition, intelligent control technology are with detected operating mode feature, with the operating mode feature contrast in the storehouse, selection in conjunction with the people, pick out best control waveform curve, or, generate the control waveform curve of new the best according to many squiggles that meet the demands; Controller is also preserved the control curve and the corresponding operating mode feature of new the best simultaneously, and according to final braking effect, automatic or manual joins in the control knowledge base.Intelligent Recognition, intelligent control technology can use expert system, or up-to-date technologys such as day by day ripe fuzzy logic, neural network, or its combination.
The corresponding relation of operating mode and waveform has in fact all been set up in knowledge base and aforementioned control waveform storehouse, and different is both storage modes to work information, and the former work information can only be discerned and use to controller.
The structure of this programme can be represented that they are respectively on the basis of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 by Fig. 5, Fig. 6, increases the locking detector, and the locking detection signal is fed back to waveshape monitor, forms big closed loop; The control waveform storehouse becomes the control knowledge base simultaneously, because wherein also comprise operating mode feature; Moreover waveshape monitor has also possessed Intelligent Recognition, Based Intelligent Control function.This moment, controller just also comprised the control knowledge base, as the dotted portion among the figure.In addition, the wheel lockup detector can use the magneto-electric wheel speed sensors of widespread use on the existing automobile ABS system.
Though this programme has also adopted the locking detector, also carry out closed loop control according to locking signal, but its mode has significantly different with existing automobile ABS system: existing ABS system is the direct closed loop control braking force of locking situation according to the wheel speed signal reflection, is to regulate; And this programme is according to the selection of locking detection signal with other operating mode feature, people, selects or generate best braking parameter squiggle earlier, according to braking parameter squiggle control brake parameter, is modulation again.Be with the little ring of brake-power control in the big ring, can also extract the work information (as actuating unit sensitivity, wear pattern etc.) of actuating unit such as drg according to input, the output signal feature of little ring, as one of decision-making foundation of big ring.Simultaneously, the control knowledge base of this programme for controller provides memory function, becomes this programme to have the Whole Process Control system of memory, for the utilization of intellectual technology provides wide space; And existing ABS system is memoryless real-time control system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows because the time of direct controlled wheel locking and not locking, direct control the slip rate of glancing impact when emergency braking (particularly) wheel, deceleration and stopping performance is good; Owing to adopt open loop control, can need not to detect whether locking of wheel, simple in structure; When adopting closed loop, deceleration and stopping performance is good.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is first, second kind technical scheme functional block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the third technical scheme functional block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the 4th kind of technical scheme functional block diagrams of the present invention.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the 5th kind of technical scheme functional block diagrams of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of embodiment 1.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of embodiment 2.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of embodiment 3.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of embodiment 4.
Figure 17 is the structural representation of embodiment 5.
Figure 19 is the structural representation of embodiment 6.
Among the figure: 24. master cylinders, 25. drgs, 26. oil pressure modulator, 27. 3 position solenoid valve, 28. fuel pressure gages,
29. revolution counter, 33. tension type brake-power modulators, 34. pull bars, 35. brake control levers, 36. wheel hubs,
37. front tension bar, 38. brake pedals, 39. camshafts, 40. torque type brake-power modulators,
41. the pressure-type brake-power modulator, 42. brake shoe brake cheek
The specific embodiment
Because existing automobile, motorcycle brake system diversity structure realize that the structure of technique scheme has multiple mode, its key distinction is to brake parameter modulation system difference.The invention allows for the technical scheme of several braking paramertic modulators for this reason, describe in detail later, the specific embodiment of the abs braking of the present invention of elder generation's explanation here system.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the embodiment 1 of proposition according to the present invention, is a kind of specific embodiment that realizes technical solution of the present invention with the hydrostatic drive brake system.As figure, the abs braking system is by formations such as controller, master cylinder [24], drg [25], oil pressure modulator [26], oil pipes.Glancing impact, chaufeur promotes master cylinder piston by handle or pedal, and compression master cylinder volume produces high pressure, and high pressure is delivered to drg by oil pipe, produces braking force and realizes braking.When ABS did not work, oil pressure modulator [26] the oil cylinder constancy of volumeization did not influence brake system work.When beginning ABS work, when vehicle brake arrived to a certain degree, controller was by predetermined curve outgoing current, in oil pressure modulator coil midstream mistake, produce electromagnetic force, piston is moved to coil direction, modulator oil cylinder volume increases, oil pressure descends, and braking force reduces, and eliminates locking; When coil blackout or electric current reduced, modulator piston is return under the effect of spring, and modulator oil cylinder volume reduces, and oil pressure raises, and braking force increases, and produced locking.Like this, wheel changes between locking and not locking state all the time, has just realized the anti-lock function.Change size of current, just can change oil pressure, obtain different braking forces.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the embodiment 2 of proposition according to the present invention, is the another kind of specific embodiment that realizes technical solution of the present invention with the hydrostatic drive brake system.This example is similar to existing some automobile ABS, has just increased fuel pressure gage [28] and has detected oil pressure.The oil pressure modulator realizes with three position solenoid valve.Principle of work is: controller by control three position solenoid valve [27] boost, the time length of maintenance, step-down position, realize the modulation of oil pressure (braking parameter); Controller is realized the closed loop control of oil pressure by the detection signal of fuel pressure gage [28]; Controller is also measured the speed of wheel by revolution counter [29], to detect the locking situation, Intelligence Selection control curve.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the embodiment 3 of proposition according to the present invention, is another specific embodiment that realizes technical solution of the present invention with the hydrostatic drive brake system.This example is similar to existing other automobile ABSs, it is characterized in that ABS establishes an oil circuit in addition, has two with upper cylinder in the drg [25], and one of them is original brake circuit, and all the other are ABS.With the pressure of ABS oil cylinder, offset the pressure of original oil cylinder, realize removing the locking function.Same precedent, three position solenoid valve [27] wherein be as the oil pressure modulator, controller by control three position solenoid valve [27] boost, the time length of maintenance, step-down position, the modulation of realization oil pressure (braking parameter).But, the output of controller is anti-phase.If when using the braking force closed loop, then be with the pressure reduction of measuring two oil circuits, measure the size of braking force, make the oil pressure difference follow the tracks of the braking force-time curve of setting.(not using the braking force closed loop in this example).
From embodiment 2,3 as can be seen, existing automobile ABS system only needs more changer controller, just can realize the present invention.Because after all, modulation all is that oil pressure is changed with regulating, different just modes, and actuating unit can be identical.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the embodiment 4 of proposition according to the present invention, is a kind of specific embodiment that realizes technical solution of the present invention with the tension type brake-power modulator that hereinafter will invent.As scheming: the pulling force that brake pedal [37] produces is applied to tension type brake-power modulator [33] by front tension bar [38], passes through pull bar [34], brake control lever [35] again to the drg of wheel hub [36].During ABS work, the electric current that controller output changes, modulator [33] produces action, and the pulling force that is delivered to pull bar [34] is changed, and realizes the anti-lock function.
Figure 17 is the structural representation of the embodiment 5 of proposition according to the present invention, is a kind of specific embodiment that realizes technical solution of the present invention with the torque type brake-power modulator that hereinafter will invent.As scheming: the pulling force that brake pedal [37] produces is applied on the torque type brake-power modulator [40] by pull bar [34], goes up at the camshaft [39] of wheel hub [36] and produces moment, affacts on the drg.During ABS work, the electric current that controller output changes, modulator [40] produces action, and the moment that is delivered to camshaft [39] is changed, and realizes the anti-lock function.
Figure 19 is the structural representation of the embodiment 6 of proposition according to the present invention, is a kind of specific embodiment that realizes technical solution of the present invention with the pressure-type brake-power modulator that hereinafter will invent.As scheming: camshaft during brake [39] rotation, go up generation pressure at pressure-type brake-power modulator [41], affact brake shoe brake cheek [42] and go up the realization braking.During ABS work, the electric current that controller output changes, modulator [41] produces action, and the pressure that is delivered to brake shoe brake cheek [42] is changed, and realizes the anti-lock function.
According to the 31 of "Patent Law", the present invention also provides the braking technical scheme that paramertic modulator realizes.
Summary of the invention
In the technique scheme that the present invention proposes, the braking paramertic modulator is indispensable critical component.Another object of the present invention provides the modulator approach and the equipment of braking parameter.The technical scheme that provides several braking paramertic modulators to realize below, and in brake system, use, realize the technical scheme of anti-lock function.
The invention provides a kind of technical scheme of mechanical type braking paramertic modulator: it is made of driving part, passive element, inhibiting device, preloading spring, preloading spring governing screw, magnet coil, iron core etc.Driving part and passive element be by mode mechanical connections such as holes, axle, and both within the specific limits can relative motion (along axle mobile or sway), and this scope is determined by inhibiting device; Preloading spring is installed between driving part and the passive element, and braking parameter (power or moment) passes to passive element by spring from driving part; The elastic force that pretension is arranged on the spring, the direction of this predetermincd tension is opposite with the braking parameter direction of being transmitted, and the size of predetermincd tension is slightly larger than the maxim of the braking force that is transmitted, and the size of predetermincd tension can be regulated with governing screw; Magnet coil and iron core are installed in respectively on driving part and the passive element, when passing through electric current in the coil, iron core is produced electromagnetic force, and the electromagnetic force direction is identical with the braking force direction of being transmitted, opposite with predetermincd tension, and the size of electromagnetic force can be passed through in the coil size adjustment by electric current; Electromagnetic force maxim and braking force maxim sum are greater than predetermincd tension; When electromagnetic force and braking force make a concerted effort less than predetermincd tension the time, driving part and passive element contact and pressure are arranged in an extreme position of its range of movement, this pressure with above-mentioned with joint efforts and the predetermincd tension balance; This end position claims initial position, is determined by inhibiting device; When electric current is enough big, electromagnetic force and braking force with joint efforts greater than predetermincd tension the time, can make master and slave power parts leave initial position, relative motion in range of movement, the braking force that this relative motion meeting causes being delivered on the passive element reduces (being to reduce in the short time at least), thereby realizes the adjusting to the braking force on the drg; Change the size of coil current, can influence the speed and the scope of above-mentioned relative motion, thus regulate braking force reduce degree and time length.
According to the type of braking force, brake-power modulator can have tension type, pressure-type, torque type etc. several.Figure 10 is a kind of specific embodiments of tension type brake-power modulator, Figure 12,13,14,15, the 16th, and a kind of specific embodiments of torque type brake-power modulator, Figure 18 is a kind of specific embodiments of pressure-type brake-power modulator.
Many brake system are hydrostatic drive structures, and power fluid is oil normally, therefore, the invention provides a kind of oil pressure modulator.Certainly, it equally also can be used for other power fluid or gas.
The present invention proposes a kind of oil pressure modulator: it is made of oil cylinder, piston, preloading spring, spring governing screw, magnet coil, iron core etc.Piston and iron core can be integrated, and promptly piston is made with ferromagnetic material.Piston is installed in the oil cylinder, can move in oil cylinder; Preloading spring applies a predetermincd tension to piston, makes piston abut against an end of oil cylinder, oil cylinder volume minimum; The predetermincd tension value is slightly larger than the maxim of oil pressure, when not working with assurance ABS, and original hydraulic brake system energy normal operation, the predetermincd tension value can be regulated by the preloading spring governing screw; Magnet coil is installed in outside oil cylinder one end, during energising piston is applied an electromagnetic force, and the direction of electromagnetic force is opposite with predetermincd tension; When electric current was enough big, electromagnetic force can make piston move along oil cylinder, increased the oil cylinder volume.
In pressure container, it is physical law that the volume increase causes pressure to reduce, even at active system, owing to inertia, toughness, also can cause pressure to reduce in local, short time, and therefore, said apparatus can change the size of oil pressure.The electric current switch-on and-off, little when big when causing oil pressure, promptly produce the oil pressure modulation effect.When not contacting between piston and oil cylinder end face or not having pressure, the elastic force of pressure, electromagnetic force and the spring of oil satisfies the force balance relation, changes the size of electromagnetic force by regulating electric current, the purpose that just can realize regulating oil pressure, and this moment, the oil pressure value adjusting was continuous.
The oil pressure modulator is a kind of special case of aforementioned brake-power modulator in fact, is a kind of distortion of pressure-type brake-power modulator.Here, driving part is an oil cylinder, and passive element is a piston, and oil pressure replaces pressure.
Said modulator has a common trait, promptly requires preloading spring that a bigger predetermincd tension is provided earlier, when not working with assurance ABS, and brake system energy normal operation, and when magnet coil is switched on, wish that again the rigidity of preloading spring is less, to reduce current draw.Therefore, the invention provides another technical scheme: the preloading spring of modulator adopts the non-linear rigidity spring, and this spring in deformation hour, bigger positive rigidity is arranged, after deformation reaches certain value, less positive rigidity is arranged, initial predetermincd tension is arranged on spring stiffness section place from large to small.
Disk spring and diaphragm spring have the spring of this specific character just.Figure 21 has showed the characteristic of three kinds of disk springs, as figure, when deformation during less than λ a with greater than λ b, bigger rigidity is arranged all, and when deformation was between λ a and λ b, dish spring 1 had less positive rigidity, and the rigidity of dish spring 2 approaches zero, and the rigidity of dish spring 3 is for bearing.Therefore, adopt the 1st, 2 type dish spring in aforementioned modulator, the elastic force that makes predetermincd tension be similar to rigidity to locate from large to small is (as the F among the figure 1a, F 2a), during energising, dish spring work deformation just can reduce the consumption of electric current between λ a and λ b, and simultaneously, the axial dimension of modulator also can shorten.
The invention provides another technical scheme: the preloading spring of modulator adopts the negative stiffness spring, and this spring when less and big, has positive rigidity in deformation, when deformation is medium, negative stiffness is arranged; The iron core of modulator or piston adopt permanent magnet, and pole orientation is identical with sense of motion; The direction of current of the magnet coil of modulator is a controollable, both can feed forward current, and iron core is produced the forward electromagnetic force, also can feed counter-current, and iron core is produced the forward electromagnetic force, or no current.(can make master and slave power parts leave the electromagnetic force of initial position, be the forward electromagnetic force).
The negative stiffness spring has an interesting characteristic---transition.As Figure 21, the ascending variation of power is when F surpasses F 3aThe time, the deformation meeting is from λ aJump to λ A2The place; The descending variation of power, when F less than F 3bThe time, the deformation meeting is from λ bJump to λ B2The place, the process of transition is very fast.The technical program is utilized this characteristics design just, and this helps to accelerate modulating frequency.
Utilize negative stiffness,, can also realize " memory effect " through appropriate design.Initial predetermincd tension is set to be slightly less than F 3a, corresponding deformation is slightly less than λ aWhen seized, because of oil pressure less than predetermincd tension, the dish spring also is failure to actuate; Logical forward current makes elastic force greater than F 3a, dish spring deformation λ jumps to greater than λ B2The somewhere; Because deformation, the oil cylinder volume increases, and oil pressure reduces, and locking is eliminated.If but this moment oil pressure still greater than F 3b(F 3bEven may be for negative), outage this moment, the deformation meeting is at λ bWith λ A2Between the somewhere, can not get back to and be slightly less than λ a, promptly produced " memory effect "; Must lead to counter-current this moment, makes elastic force less than F 3b, the dish spring jumps to λ B2Below, after the outage, just can get back to initial position.Therefore, in order to obtain reverse electromagnetic force, need to use permanent magnet and counter-current.Utilize " memory effect ", can saves energy.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt electromagnet structure, realized the modulation of braking parameter, simple in structure.The employing of non-linear rigidity spring, the energy saves energy also can be accelerated the action of modulator.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Figure 10, Figure 11 are embodiments of the invention 7 structural representations and use scheme drawing.
Figure 12,13,14,15,16, the 17th, embodiments of the invention 8 structural representations and application scheme drawing.
Figure 18, Figure 19 are embodiments of the invention 9 structural representations and use scheme drawing.
Figure 20 is embodiments of the invention 10 structural representations and uses scheme drawing.
Figure 21 is the pressure-deformation map of non-linear rigidity spring.
Among the figure: 1. positive rigidity non-linear rigidity spring pressure-inflection curves, 2. near the spring pressure-deformation of zero stiffness non-linear rigidity
Curve, 3. negative stiffness non-linear rigidity spring pressure-inflection curves
11. magnet coil, 12. iron cores, 13. permanent magnet cores, 14. preloading springs, 15. disk springs,
16. the spring governing screw, 17. spring setting nuts, 18. lock screws, 19. pads, 20. briquettings,
21. cylinder body, 22. pistons, 23. oil outlets, 24. master cylinders, 25. drgs, 26. oil pressure modulator,
27. three position solenoid valve, 31. driving parts, 32. passive elements, 33. tension type brake-power modulators,
34. pull bar, 35. brake control levers, 36. wheel hubs, 37. front tension bars, 38. brake pedals, 39. camshafts,
40. the torque type brake-power modulator, 41. pressure-type brake-power modulators, 42. brake shoe brake cheek
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment specific embodiment is described.
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the embodiment 7 of proposition according to the present invention, it is a kind of specific embodiments of tension type brake-power modulator, pulling force passes to passive element [32] by driving part [31] by preloading spring [14], spring setting nut [17], [12] unshakable in one's determination, when flowing through enough big electric current in the magnet coil [11], [12] unshakable in one's determination move right with passive element [32], and the braking force that is delivered on the passive element [32] is reduced.Wherein passive element [32] is made by nonferromugnetic material, and [12] unshakable in one's determination are connected by pin with passive element [32].This figure is the position when not switching on.
Figure 11 is the application of tension type brake-power modulator on motor bike.As figure: the braking force of brake pedal [37] is applied to by front tension bar [38] on the driving part [31] of tension type brake-power modulator [33], after overcutting, by passive element [32], pull bar [34], brake control lever [35] drg to wheel hub [36].
Figure 12,13,14,15, the 16th, the structural representation of the embodiment 8 that proposes according to the present invention, it is a kind of specific embodiments of torque type brake-power modulator, Figure 12,13 has shown the shape of passive element [32], Figure 13 has shown that also [12] unshakable in one's determination are in the last assembling situation of passive element [32], Figure 14,15 has shown the shape of driving part [31], and Figure 15 has shown that also magnet coil [11], preloading spring [14], preloading spring governing screw [16] go up the assembling situation at driving part [31].Figure 16 shown Figure 15 around longitudinal axis Rotate 180 degree, with the situation of Figure 13 assembling, Figure 16 is the position when not switching on.When flowing through enough big electric current in the magnet coil [11], [12] unshakable in one's determination move right, and pulling passive element [32] rotates counterclockwise around camshaft [39], and the lock torque that is delivered on the passive element [32] is reduced.
Figure 17 is the application of torque type brake-power modulator on motor bike.As scheming: the braking force of brake pedal [37] is applied on the driving part [31] of torque type brake-power modulator [40] by pull bar [34], go up generation moment at camshaft [39], after overcutting, little when big when passing to camshaft [39] by passive element [32], realize the anti-lock function.
Figure 18 is the structural representation of the embodiment 9 of proposition according to the present invention, it is a kind of specific embodiments of pressure-type brake-power modulator, pressure passes to passive element [32] by driving part [31] by preloading spring governing screw [16], two dish-like preloading springs [15], pad [19], briquetting [20], [12] unshakable in one's determination, when flowing through enough big electric current in the magnet coil [11], [12] unshakable in one's determination move up with passive element [32], and the braking force that is delivered on the passive element [32] is reduced.Wherein briquetting [20] is made by nonferromugnetic material, and passive element [32] can be made parts (shown in the figure) with [12] unshakable in one's determination.This figure is the position when not switching on.
Figure 19 is the application of pressure-type brake-power modulator in the motor bike drum brake mechanism.Glancing impact, camshaft [39] rotates, and produces brake-pressure, passes to brake shoe brake cheek [42] through pressure-type brake-power modulator [41].ABS when work, long in short-term during pressure-type brake-power modulator [41], make when passing to brake shoe brake cheek [42] braking force little when big, realization anti-lock function.
Figure 20 is the structural representation of the embodiment 10 of proposition according to the present invention, is a kind of specific embodiments of oil pressure oil pressure modulator.Wherein, piston [22] also is permanent magnet [13] simultaneously, and its magnetic pole is left and right directions (left Nan Youbei, northern right south, a left side all can, change direction of current and get final product).As scheming: two dish-like preloading springs [15] make piston [22] abut against cylinder body [21] left end, cylinder body volume minimum by briquetting [20].With the size of preloading spring governing screw [16] scalable predetermincd tension, make it be slightly larger than maximum oil pressure.When magnet coil [11] passes to certain enough big directional current, piston [22] is produced electromagnetic force to the right, piston [22] is moved right, cylinder body [21] volume increases, and oil pressure reduces, and outage primary piston [22] is return not; When magnet coil [11] passes to enough big reversing sense electric current, piston [22] is produced electromagnetic force left, piston [22] is moved to the left, get back to initial position, cylinder body [21] volume reduces, and oil pressure increases.Oil pressure is delivered to drg by oil outlet [23], and little braking force when big is realized the anti-lock function during generation.
According to the 31 of "Patent Law", the present invention also provides the technical scheme of braking paramertic modulator driving circuit.
Summary of the invention
In the modulated anti-locking system that the present invention proposes, the action speed of modulator is most important, and various modulator (comprising three position solenoid valve) all have magnet coil, and coil often has bigger inductance, and electric current changes slow, and power consumption is big, and what have also needs bidirectional current.Another purpose of the present invention provides coil driver, and it can accelerate the pace of change of electric current, makes full use of electric energy, or bidirectional current is provided.
The technical scheme of first kind of driving circuit provided by the invention is: driving circuit is made of an electric capacity, two diodes, two controlled switchs, controlled switch can be the controlled switch that relay, field effect transistor, switch triode etc. can turn-off immediately, can not be the switch (as silicon control etc.) that the afterflow ability is arranged.Two diodes and two controlled switchs are connected into bridge circuit, and two diodes are on relative brachium pontis, and also on relative brachium pontis, electric capacity is connected on the bridge for two controlled switchs, and the direction (if direction is arranged) of diode and controlled switch is all identical with direction of current.During use, whole electric bridge is connected with coil.During work, two controlled switchs are generally opened simultaneously, close simultaneously.
Annexation is described below accurately: first diode [D11] is anodal to be connected with second controlled switch [J1-2] cathode circuit, this point of connection is the positive pole of bridge, second diode [D12] negative pole is connected with first controlled switch [J1-1] negative pole circuit, this point of connection is the negative pole of bridge, first diode [D11] negative pole is anodal with first controlled switch [J1-1], electric capacity [C1] cathode circuit is connected, and second diode [D12] is anodal to be connected with second controlled switch [J1-2] negative pole, electric capacity [C1] negative pole circuit.If controlled switch is nonpolarity, get any end for anodal, the other end is a negative pole; If electric capacity is nonpolarity, get any end for anodal, the other end is a negative pole.As usual, the electric current end that flows into element is for just.
This circuit working principle is: when controlled switch disconnected, the magnetic energy that utilizes coil utilized the electric capacity stored energy to electric capacity [C1] charging.When controlled switch was closed more next time, electric capacity [C1] institute charging voltage was added on the coil with power line voltage, and the ascending velocity of coil current is greatly increased.
In conjunction with Figure 22, illustrate that principle of work is as follows: when controlled switch was opened, coil electricity, electric current passed through from controlled switch [J1-1], diode [D11] and controlled switch [J1-2], two branch roads of diode [D12] respectively, were coil [L] power supply; When controlled switch was closed, the electric current on the coil [L] was passed through by diode [D11], C1, diode [D12], and the magnetic energy on coil exhausts, and this moment, voltage was filled at electric capacity [C1] two ends with, made diode [D11], [D12] reverse bias, and electric current is zero; When controlled switch is opened again, controlled switch [J11], [J12] are added to coil [L] lower end to the negative voltage on the electric capacity [C1], the voltage at coil two ends is capacitance voltage and power line voltage sum, according to the electro-magnetism principle, the rate of change of coil current is directly proportional with the voltage at its two ends, therefore, the ascending velocity of coil [L] electric current greatly increases; After electric capacity [C1] had discharged, electric current passed through from controlled switch [J1-1], diode [D11] and controlled switch [J12], two branch roads of diode [D12] respectively again, gets back to the state of beginning, so circulation.
For bidirectional current, the invention provides the technical scheme of another driving circuit: driving circuit is made of two electric capacity, four diodes, two controlled switchs, controlled switch can be the controlled switch that relay, field effect transistor, switch triode etc. can turn-off immediately, can not be the switch (as silicon control etc.) that the afterflow ability is arranged.Its annexation is:
First controlled switch [J2-11] is in parallel with first diode [D21], constitutes first parallel connection, and wherein first controlled switch [J2-11] is anodal is positioned at an end in parallel with first diode [D21] negative pole, is the positive pole of first parallel connection; First electric capacity [C21] is in parallel with second diode [D22], constitutes second parallel connection, and wherein first electric capacity [C21] negative pole is positioned at an end in parallel with second diode [D22] positive pole, is the positive pole of second parallel connection; Second controlled switch [J2-21] is in parallel with the 3rd diode [D23], constitutes the 3rd parallel connection, and wherein second controlled switch [J2-21] negative pole is positioned at an end in parallel with the 3rd diode [D23] positive pole, is the positive pole of the 3rd parallel connection; Second electric capacity [C22] is in parallel with the 4th diode [D24], constitutes the 4th parallel connection, and wherein second electric capacity [C22] is anodal is positioned at an end in parallel with the 4th diode [D24] negative pole, is the positive pole of the 4th parallel connection; First parallel connection and second equidirectional series connection the in parallel constitutes first series-parallel connection, and its direction is identical with two directions in parallel; The 3rd parallel connection and the 4th equidirectional series connection the in parallel constitutes second series-parallel connection, and its direction is identical with two directions in parallel; First series-parallel connection is equidirectional in parallel with second series-parallel connection, and its direction is identical with two series-parallel connection directions.Equally, if controlled switch is nonpolarity, get any end for anodal, the other end is a negative pole, if electric capacity is nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole.
Foregoing circuit is called main energy-conservation acceleration driving circuit, is called for short main crystal drive circuit, among Figure 23,24 in the frame of broken lines circuit be its a kind of embodiment, controlled switch is a relay among the figure.Master's crystal drive circuit is connected with coil during use.The direction of the winding current identical with main crystal drive circuit direction is defined as the forward current direction, is called for short positive dirction, and another direction is defined as the negative current direction, is called for short negative direction.
Main crystal drive circuit can not the control current direction, needs assistive drive circuit cooperating, with the direction of control current.Auxilliary crystal drive circuit is made of two groups of electronic switchs (as silicon control) with afterflow ability, during first group of auxiliary electron switch conduction, for coil provides forward current; During second group of auxiliary electron switch conduction, for coil provides negative current, two groups of switch conductings (otherwise short circuit) simultaneously.According to the situation of power supply, two kinds of situations of single power supply and negative and positive dual power power supply are arranged.
During single power supply, the assistive drive circuit is made of four electronic switchs, is connected into the bridge push pull circuit, and main crystal drive circuit and coil are its loads, are positioned on the bridge.First group of auxiliary electron switch is made of two electronic switch [Q21], [Q24] on relative brachium pontis, and second group of auxiliary electron switch is made of other two electronic switch [Q22], [Q23] on relative brachium pontis.First controlled switch [J2-11] of main crystal drive circuit is controlled by same on-off signal all with first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], second controlled switch [J2-21] is controlled by another on-off signal also all with second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [K23].Figure 24 is its a kind of embodiment, and controlled switch is a relay among the figure, and first controlled switch uses the open contact [J2-11] of relay [J2-1], two other open contact [J2-12] [J2-13] control first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24]; Second controlled switch uses the open contact [J2-21] of relay [J2-2], and two other open contact [J2-22] [J2-23] control second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23] is to guarantee synchronously.Because the auxiliary electron switch has the afterflow ability, the connection of main and auxiliary electronic switch is constantly identical, disconnects difference constantly, and auxiliary switch is later than main switch.In addition, also use the normally closed contact [J2-14] of relay [J2-1], [J2-2], [J2-24] to realize interlocking, as Figure 25, to avoid conducting simultaneously.
In conjunction with Figure 23, illustrate that the principle of work of energy-conservation acceleration driving circuit is as follows; When initial, suppose electric capacity no-voltage, coil no current, the first step, relay [J2-1] gets electric, and electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], first controlled switch [J2-11], second diode [D22], coil [L], forms forward current; Second step, relay [J2-1] dead electricity, first controlled switch [J2-11] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] forward current is arranged, forward current is by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], the 3rd diode [D23], to second electric capacity [C22] charging, finish the forward thermal energy storage process, be zero up to electric current, first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24] just disconnects, after this, diode [D23], [D24] be reverse bias, no current in the circuit.In the 3rd step, relay [J2-2] gets electric, because second electric capacity [C22] charges, electric current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23], second controlled switch [J2-21], second electric capacity [C22], coil [L], forms negative current.At this moment, the voltage at coil [L] two ends is power line voltage and second electric capacity [C22] charging valtage sum, and coil [L] electric current fast rise is finished the negative sense accelerator, is zero up to second electric capacity [C22] voltage.Afterwards, electric current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23], second controlled switch [J2-21], the 4th diode [D24], coil [L], continues to form negative current, disconnects up to second controlled switch [J2-21].The 4th step, relay [J2-2] dead electricity, second controlled switch [J2-21] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] negative current is arranged, negative current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q22], first diode [D21], first electric capacity [C21], to first electric capacity [C21] charging, finishes the negative sense thermal energy storage process, up to electric current is zero, and second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23] just disconnects.After this, diode [D21], [D22] be reverse bias, no current in the circuit.In the 5th step, relay [J2-1] gets electric, because first electric capacity [C21] charges, electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], first controlled switch [J2-11], first electric capacity [C21], coil [L], forms forward current.At this moment, the voltage at coil [L] two ends is power line voltage and first electric capacity [C21] charging valtage sum, and coil [L] electric current fast rise is finished the forward accelerator, is zero up to first electric capacity [C21] voltage.Afterwards, electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], first controlled switch [J2-11], second diode [D22], coil [L], continues to form forward current, disconnects up to first controlled switch [J2-11].Afterwards, returned for second step, so circulation.
During dual power supply, the assistive drive circuit is made of two electronic switchs, and every group of auxiliary electron switch has only one, respectively positive and negative power supply is received on the connecting of main crystal drive circuit and coil [L] series connected other end ground connection.Figure 24 is its a kind of embodiment, and this circuit is structurally very similar to the circuit of Figure 23, and its energy storage, accelerator also identical (description that only need remove relevant [Q23] [Q24] gets final product) are so principle is no longer narrated.
Because, bidirectional current drives and often is used with the modulator that " memory effect " arranged, and the modulator that " memory effect " arranged only needs the reverse electromagnetic force of a short time, if it is enough big that second electric capacity [C22] is gone up the energy of storage, be enough to the counter-current that provides required, the direct ground connection of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] negative terminal in the above-mentioned two-supply circuit, thus omit negative supply, circuit is simplified, replenished the electric energy of loss in each circulation during forward conduction.
Based on same thinking, the invention provides another circuit, realize utilizing the function of energy storage commutation, but do not have the acceleration function.This circuit is made of first controlled switch [J3-1], second controlled switch [J3-2], diode [D3], electric capacity [C3], silicon control [Q3], resistance [R3]; First controlled switch [J3-1] can be the controlled switch that relay, field effect transistor, switch triode etc. can turn-off immediately, can not be the switch that the afterflow ability is arranged as silicon control etc.; Second controlled switch [J3-2] can be the controlled switch that can turn-off immediately, also can be the switch (as silicon control) that the afterflow ability is arranged, and is good with the latter.Annexation is: diode [D3] is in parallel with electric capacity [C3], and wherein diode [D3] is anodal is positioned at an end in parallel with electric capacity [C3] negative pole, is the positive pole of parallel connection; The positive pole of this parallel connection is connected with first controlled switch [J3-1] negative pole circuit, and this point of connection is a mouth also, and the electric current of bi-directional pulses over the ground is provided; This negative pole in parallel is anodal with second controlled switch [J3-2], silicon control [Q3] negative pole circuit is connected; First controlled switch [J3-1] is anodal all to be connected with the positive supply circuit with silicon control [Q3] positive pole; Second controlled switch [J3-2] negative earth; Resistance [R3] end is connected other end ground connection with silicon control [Q3] control polar circuit.If controlled switch is nonpolarity, get any end for anodal, the other end is a negative pole, if electric capacity is nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, the other end is a negative pole.
Figure 26 is its a kind of embodiment, and controlled switch is a relay among the figure, the mouth of coil [L] termination foregoing circuit, other end ground connection.Below in conjunction with Figure 27, this circuit working principle is described: when initial, suppose electric capacity no-voltage, coil no current, the first step, first controlled switch [J3-1] closure, coil [L] energising forms forward current; Second step, first controlled switch [J3-1] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] forward current is arranged, coil [L] left end produces negative induced voltage, this negative pressure is added to the negative pole of silicon control [Q3] by electric capacity [C3], because extremely logical resistance [R3] ground connection of silicon control [Q3] control, silicon control [Q3] conducting, forward current continue by silicon control [Q3], electric capacity [C3], coil [L] flows through, and charges to electric capacity [C3], finish thermal energy storage process, up to electric current is zero, and silicon control [Q3] just disconnects, after this, on silicon control [Q3] negative pole and the diode cathode all because of there being positive voltage to end, no current in the circuit.The 3rd step, second controlled switch [J3-2] closure, electric capacity [C3] forms negative current by coil [L] discharge.After electric capacity [C3] discharge was finished, the negative current in the coil [L] continued by diode [D3], second controlled switch [J3-2] discharge, is zero up to electric current.Therefore, second controlled switch [J3-2] is if adopt the switch that the afterflow ability is arranged, can automatic cutout, otherwise, need control ON time well.Afterwards, return the first step, so circulation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows,, quicken when being used for the next time energising, both saved energy, also improved the speed of modulator greatly because the dump energy when utilizing electric capacity that coil is disconnected stores, and simple in structure.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Figure 22 is the schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 11.
Figure 23 is the schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 12.
Figure 24 is the schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 13.
Figure 25 is the protective circuit schematic diagram of embodiment 12,13.
Figure 26 is the schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 14.
Figure 27 is the schematic circuit diagram of embodiment 15.
Among the figure: C1, C21, C22, C3. reservoir capacitance, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5. silicon control,
D11, D12, D21, D22, D23, D24, D3. diode, R3. resistance, L. modulator coil
J1, J2-1, J2-2. relay, J1-1, J1-2. relay [J1] open contact,
J2-11, J2-12, J2-13. relay [J2-1] open contact, J2-14. relay [J2-1] normally closed contact,
J2-21, J2-22, J2-23. relay [J2-2] open contact, J2-24. relay [J2-2] normally closed contact,
J3-1, J3-2. relay normally open contact, U1.555 integrated circuit, S1, S2. switch, W1. potential device
The specific embodiment
Figure 22 is the embodiment 11 that proposes according to the present invention, and a kind of embodiment of unidirectional current energy storage accelerating circuit is provided.Controlled switch is a relay among the figure.In conjunction with Figure 22, illustrate that principle of work is as follows: when controlled switch was opened, coil electricity, electric current passed through from controlled switch [J1-1], diode [D11] and controlled switch [J1-2], two branch roads of diode [D12] respectively, were coil [L] power supply; When controlled switch was closed, the electric current on the coil [L] was passed through by diode [D11], C1, diode [D12], and the magnetic energy on coil exhausts, and this moment, voltage was filled at electric capacity [C1] two ends with, made diode [D11], [D12] reverse bias, and electric current is zero; When controlled switch is opened again, controlled switch [J11], [J12] are added to coil [L] lower end to the negative voltage on the electric capacity [C1], the voltage at coil two ends is capacitance voltage and power line voltage sum, according to the electro-magnetism principle, the rate of change of coil current is directly proportional with the voltage at its two ends, therefore, the ascending velocity of coil [L] electric current greatly increases; After electric capacity [C1] had discharged, electric current passed through from controlled switch [J1-1], diode [D11] and controlled switch [J12], two branch roads of diode [D12] respectively again, gets back to the state of beginning, so circulation.
Figure 23 is the embodiment 12 that proposes according to the present invention, and a kind of embodiment of single supply bidirectional current energy storage accelerating circuit is provided.Controlled switch is a relay among the figure.In conjunction with Figure 23, the principle of work that energy-conservation acceleration driving circuit is described is as follows: when initial, suppose electric capacity no-voltage, coil no current, the first step, relay [J2-1], electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], first controlled switch [J2-11], second diode [D22], coil [L], forms forward current; Second step, relay [J2-1] dead electricity, first controlled switch [J2-11] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] forward current is arranged, forward current is by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], the 3rd diode [D23], to second electric capacity [C22] charging, finish the forward thermal energy storage process, be zero up to electric current, first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24] just disconnects, after this, diode [D23], [D24] be reverse bias, no current in the circuit.In the 3rd step, relay [J2-2] gets electric, because second electric capacity [C22] charges, electric current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23], second controlled switch [J2-21], second electric capacity [C22], coil [L], forms negative current.At this moment, the voltage at coil [L] two ends is power line voltage and second electric capacity [C22] charging valtage sum, and coil [L] electric current fast rise is finished the negative sense accelerator, is zero up to second electric capacity [C22] voltage.Afterwards, electric current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23], second controlled switch [J2-21], the 4th diode [D24], coil [L], continues to form negative current, disconnects up to second controlled switch [J2-21].The 4th step, relay [J2-2] dead electricity, second controlled switch [J2-21] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] negative current is arranged, negative current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q22], first diode [D21], first electric capacity [C21], to first electric capacity [C21] charging, finishes the negative sense thermal energy storage process, up to electric current is zero, and second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] [Q23] just disconnects.After this, diode [D21], [D22] be reverse bias, no current in the circuit.In the 5th step, relay [J2-1] gets electric, because first electric capacity [C21] charges, electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], first controlled switch [J2-11], first electric capacity [C21], coil [L], forms forward current.At this moment, the voltage at coil [L] two ends is power line voltage and first electric capacity [C21] charging valtage sum, and coil [L] electric current fast rise is finished the forward accelerator, is zero up to first electric capacity [C21] voltage.Afterwards, electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] [Q24], first controlled switch [J2-11], second diode [D22], coil [L], continues to form forward current, disconnects up to first controlled switch [J2-11].Afterwards, returned for second step, so circulation.
Figure 24 is the embodiment 13 that proposes according to the present invention, and a kind of embodiment of dual power supply bidirectional current energy storage accelerating circuit is provided.Controlled switch is a relay among the figure.In conjunction with Figure 24, the principle of work that energy-conservation acceleration driving circuit is described is as follows: when initial, suppose electric capacity no-voltage, coil no current, the first step, relay [J2-1], electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21], first controlled switch [J2-11], second diode [D22], coil [L], forms forward current; Second step, relay [J2-1] dead electricity, first controlled switch [J2-11] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] forward current is arranged, forward current is by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21], the 3rd diode [D23], to second electric capacity [C22] charging, finish the forward thermal energy storage process, be zero up to electric current, first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21] just disconnects, after this, diode [D23], [D24] be reverse bias, no current in the circuit.In the 3rd step, relay [J2-2] gets electric, because second electric capacity [C22] charges, electric current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22], second controlled switch [J2-21], second electric capacity [C22], coil [L], forms negative current.At this moment, the voltage at coil [L] two ends is power line voltage and second electric capacity [C22] charging valtage sum, and coil [L] electric current fast rise is finished the negative sense accelerator, is zero up to second electric capacity [C22] voltage.Afterwards, electric current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22], second controlled switch [J2-21], the 4th diode [D24], coil [L], continues to form negative current, disconnects up to second controlled switch [J2-21].The 4th step, relay [J2-2] dead electricity, second controlled switch [J2-21] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] negative current is arranged, negative current is flow through by second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22], first diode [D21], first electric capacity [C21], to first electric capacity [C21] charging, finishes the negative sense thermal energy storage process, up to electric current is zero, and second group of auxiliary electron switch [Q22] just disconnects.After this, diode [D21], [D22] be reverse bias, no current in the circuit.In the 5th step, relay [J2-1] gets electric, because first electric capacity [C21] charges, electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21], first controlled switch [J2-11], first electric capacity [C21], coil [L], forms forward current.At this moment, the voltage at coil [L] two ends is power line voltage and first electric capacity [C21] charging valtage sum, and coil [L] electric current fast rise is finished the forward accelerator, is zero up to first electric capacity [C21] voltage.Afterwards, electric current is flow through by first group of auxiliary electron switch [Q21], first controlled switch [J2-11], second diode [D22], coil [L], continues to form forward current, disconnects up to first controlled switch [J2-11].Afterwards, returned for second step, so circulation.
Figure 26 is the embodiment 14 that proposes according to the present invention, and a kind of embodiment of single supply bidirectional current energy storage negater circuit is provided.Controlled switch is a relay among the figure, the mouth of coil [L] termination foregoing circuit, other end ground connection.In conjunction with Figure 26, illustrate that the principle of work of energy storage reverse drive circuit is as follows: when initial, suppose electric capacity no-voltage, coil no current, the first step, first controlled switch [J3-1] closure, coil [L] energising forms forward current; Second step, first controlled switch [J3-1] disconnects, owing in the coil [L] forward current is arranged, coil [L] left end produces negative induced voltage, this negative pressure is added to the negative pole of silicon control [Q3] by electric capacity [C3], because extremely logical resistance [R3] ground connection of silicon control [Q3] control, silicon control [Q3] conducting, forward current continue by silicon control [Q3], electric capacity [C3], coil [L] flows through, and charges to electric capacity [C3], finish thermal energy storage process, up to electric current is zero, and silicon control [Q3] just disconnects, after this, on silicon control [Q3] negative pole and the diode cathode all because of there being positive voltage to end, no current in the circuit.The 3rd step, second controlled switch [J3-2] closure, electric capacity [C3] forms negative current by coil [L] discharge.After electric capacity [C3] discharge was finished, the negative current in the coil [L] continued by diode [D3], second controlled switch [J3-2] discharge, is zero up to electric current.Therefore, second controlled switch [J3-2] is if adopt the switch that the afterflow ability is arranged, can automatic cutout, otherwise, need control ON time well.Afterwards, return the first step, so circulation.
Figure 27 is the embodiment 15 that proposes according to the present invention, and a kind of embodiment of controller is provided.In conjunction with Figure 27, illustrate that the principle of work of controller is as follows: integrated circuit [U1] is 555 integrated circuit of using always, various models such as available NE555, LM555, CA555, SE555, HA17555, uPC1555, MC1455.Integrated circuit [U1] and peripheral circuit constitute square-wave oscillator, and the 3 pin output square wave by integrated circuit [U1] drives relay [J1].The electric shock [J1-1] [J1-2] of relay [J1] constitutes energy storage provided by the invention with diode [D11] [D12], electric capacity [C1] and quickens driving circuit, and driven modulator coil [L] is with the braking force that changes.Regulator potentiometer [W1] can change the dutycycle of square wave, to adapt to different operating modes.Potential device [W1] also can replace with resistance network, and with the resistance value of one or several select switch change network, the corresponding a kind of operating mode in each position of select switch is with handled easily.
Switch [S1] is a source switch, can opening and closing ABS function.Switch [S2] is a position detecting switch, is installed near the appropriate location the brake operating device, when the handling device action and to a certain degree the time (rotating to certain angle) as brake pedal, and switch [S2] closure, opening controller.
The controller that present embodiment provides can be applied in the abs braking system of embodiment 1,4,5,6.

Claims (11)

1. a vehicle braked device is made of brake operating mechanism, drg etc., it is characterized in that: also comprise braking paramertic modulator and controller; The braking paramertic modulator can make the size of the braking force of drg generation change; The squiggle that has predetermined braking parameter in the controller can be with predetermined squiggle output control signal, and this control signal makes the action of braking paramertic modulator, and the braking force of drg is changed by predetermined squiggle.
2. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Also comprise braking parameter detecting device; Controller can also carry out closed loop control to the braking parameter, promptly by changing the control signal of its output, actual braking parameter is changed by the squiggle of predetermined braking parameter.
3. according to claim 1,2 described devices, it is characterized in that:
Also comprise control waveform storehouse and operating mode finder in the controller; The squiggle that contains many braking parameters in the control waveform storehouse; By the operating mode finder, controller can also select the squiggle of a braking parameter as current real work curve from the storehouse.
4. according to the described device of claim 3, it is characterized in that:
Also comprise locking situation detecting device; Also comprise knowledge base in the controller, contain the squiggle and the cooresponding work information of many braking parameters in the knowledge base; Controller can also with the operating mode feature contrast in the storehouse, in conjunction with the selection information of operating mode finder, be picked out detected operating mode feature best control waveform curve, or according to many squiggles that meet the demands, generate the control waveform curve of new the best; Controller can also be preserved the control curve and the corresponding work information of new the best, and according to final braking effect, automatic or manual joins in the control knowledge base.
5. a braking force (or moment) control apparatus is characterized in that:
Comprise formations such as driving part, passive element, inhibiting device, preloading spring, spring governing screw, magnet coil, iron core, unshakable in one's determination and passive element (or driving part) can be integrated, be that passive element (or driving part) is made with ferromagnetic material, serve as iron core simultaneously; Driving part and passive element be by mode mechanical connections such as holes, axle, and both within the specific limits can relative motion (along axle mobile or sway), and this scope is determined by inhibiting device; Preloading spring is installed between driving part and the passive element, and braking force (or moment) passes to passive element by spring from driving part; The elastic force that pretension is arranged on the spring, the direction of this predetermincd tension is opposite with the braking force direction of being transmitted, and people's I of predetermincd tension is to regulate with governing screw, and the size of predetermincd tension is adjusted to the maxim that is slightly larger than the braking force that is transmitted usually; Magnet coil and iron core are installed in respectively on driving part and the passive element, when the electric current, iron core are produced electromagnetic force in the coil, and the electromagnetic force direction is opposite with predetermincd tension, and the size of electromagnetic force can be passed through in the coil size adjustment by electric current; Making a concerted effort of maximum electromagnetic force and maximum braking force greater than predetermincd tension; When electromagnetic force and braking force make a concerted effort less than predetermincd tension the time, driving part and passive element contact and pressure are arranged in an extreme position of its range of movement, this pressure with above-mentioned with joint efforts and the predetermincd tension balance; This end position claims initial position, is determined by inhibiting device; When electric current is enough big, electromagnetic force and braking force with joint efforts greater than predetermincd tension the time, can make master and slave power parts leave initial position, relative motion in range of movement; Change the size of coil current, can influence the speed and the scope of above-mentioned relative motion.
6. according to the described device of claim 5, it is characterized in that:
Driving part is an oil cylinder, and passive element is a piston; Piston is installed in the oil cylinder, can move in oil cylinder, forms the leakproof tank of variable volume, has oil outlet to link to each other with other oil circuit; Piston and iron core can be integrated, and promptly piston is made with ferromagnetic material, serve as iron core simultaneously; Preloading spring applies a predetermincd tension to piston, and the predetermincd tension direction is opposite with the oil pressure direction, and predetermincd tension makes piston tightly be positioned at an ad-hoc location of oil cylinder, oil cylinder volume minimum; The size of predetermincd tension can be regulated by the spring governing screw, and its value is adjusted to the maxim that is slightly larger than oil pressure usually; Magnet coil is installed in oil cylinder one end outside, during energising piston is applied an electromagnetic force, and the direction of electromagnetic force is opposite with predetermincd tension; When electric current was enough big, electromagnetic force can make piston move along oil cylinder, increased the oil cylinder volume.
7. according to claim 5,6 described devices, it is characterized in that:
Preloading spring adopts the non-linear rigidity spring, and this spring in deformation hour has bigger positive rigidity, after deformation reaches certain value, less positive rigidity is arranged.
8. according to claim 5,6 described devices, it is characterized in that:
Preloading spring adopts the non-linear rigidity spring, and this spring when less and big, has positive rigidity in deformation, when deformation is medium, has negative stiffness; The permanent magnet that adopts unshakable in one's determination, pole orientation is identical with sense of motion unshakable in one's determination; Magnet coil both can feed forward current, and iron core is produced the forward electromagnetic force, also can feed counter-current, and iron core is produced reverse electromagnetic force.
9. driving circuit is quickened in an energy storage, it is characterized in that:
Be made of an electric capacity, two diodes, two controlled switchs that can only turn-off immediately, five elements are connected into bridge circuit, and electric capacity is bridge, and its concrete annexation is as follows:
First diode [D11] is anodal to be connected with second controlled switch [J1-2] cathode circuit, and this point of connection is the positive pole of bridge,
Second diode [D12] negative pole is connected with first controlled switch [J1-1] negative pole circuit, and this point of connection is the negative pole of bridge,
First diode [D11] negative pole is anodal with first controlled switch [J1-1], electric capacity [C1] cathode circuit is connected,
Second diode [D12] is anodal to be connected with second controlled switch [J1-2] negative pole, electric capacity [C1] negative pole circuit.
Controlled switch can be nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole
Electric capacity can be nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole
10. driving circuit is quickened in an energy storage, it is characterized in that:
Be made of two electric capacity, four diodes, two controlled switchs that can only turn-off immediately, its annexation is:
First controlled switch [J2-11] is in parallel with first diode [D21], constitutes first parallel connection, and wherein first controlled switch [J2-11] is anodal is positioned at an end in parallel with first diode [D21] negative pole, is the positive pole of first parallel connection;
First electric capacity [C21] is in parallel with second diode [D22], constitutes second parallel connection, and wherein first electric capacity [C21] negative pole is positioned at an end in parallel with second diode [D22] positive pole, is the positive pole of second parallel connection;
Second controlled switch [J2-21] is in parallel with the 3rd diode [D23], constitutes the 3rd parallel connection, and wherein second controlled switch [J2-21] negative pole is positioned at an end in parallel with the 3rd diode [D23] positive pole, is the positive pole of the 3rd parallel connection;
Second electric capacity [C22] is in parallel with the 4th diode [D24], constitutes the 4th parallel connection, and wherein second electric capacity [C22] is anodal is positioned at an end in parallel with the 4th diode [D24] negative pole, is the positive pole of the 4th parallel connection;
First parallel connection and second equidirectional series connection the in parallel constitutes first series-parallel connection, and its direction is identical with two directions in parallel;
The 3rd parallel connection and the 4th equidirectional series connection the in parallel constitutes second series-parallel connection, and its direction is identical with two directions in parallel;
First series-parallel connection is equidirectional in parallel with second series-parallel connection.
Controlled switch can be nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole
Electric capacity can be nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole
11. an energy storage commutation driving circuit is characterized in that:
Constitute by first controlled switch [J3-1], second controlled switch [J3-2], diode [D3], electric capacity [C3], silicon control [Q3], resistance [R3]; First controlled switch [J3-1] is the controlled switch that can turn-off immediately; Second controlled switch [J3-2] can be the controlled switch that can turn-off immediately, also can be the switch that the afterflow ability is arranged, and is good with the latter.
Annexation is:
Diode [D3] is in parallel with electric capacity [C3], and wherein diode [D3] is anodal is positioned at an end in parallel with electric capacity [C3] negative pole, is the positive pole of parallel connection;
The positive pole of this parallel connection is connected with first controlled switch [J3-1] negative pole circuit, and this point of connection is a mouth also, and the electric current of bi-directional pulses over the ground is provided;
This negative pole in parallel is anodal with second controlled switch [J3-2], silicon control [Q3] negative pole circuit is connected;
First controlled switch [J3-1] is anodal all to be connected with the positive supply circuit with silicon control [Q3] positive pole;
Second controlled switch [J3-2] negative earth;
Resistance [R3] end is connected other end ground connection with silicon control [Q3] control polar circuit.
Controlled switch can be nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole
Electric capacity can be nonpolarity, gets any end for anodal, and the other end is a negative pole
CNA021223718A 2002-06-08 2002-06-08 Modulated anti-locking brake system Pending CN1465498A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013127348A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司 Vehicle antilock braking device and method
CN113297708A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-08-24 江苏理工学院 Pre-tightening force calculation method for stack type central solenoid coil

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013127348A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司 Vehicle antilock braking device and method
CN103287409A (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-11 博世汽车部件(苏州)有限公司 Car braking anti-lock device and method thereof
CN113297708A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-08-24 江苏理工学院 Pre-tightening force calculation method for stack type central solenoid coil
CN113297708B (en) * 2021-06-23 2023-07-11 江苏理工学院 Pretightening force calculation method for stack type central solenoid coil

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