CN1458881A - Assembly of tire and rim - Google Patents

Assembly of tire and rim Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1458881A
CN1458881A CN02800724A CN02800724A CN1458881A CN 1458881 A CN1458881 A CN 1458881A CN 02800724 A CN02800724 A CN 02800724A CN 02800724 A CN02800724 A CN 02800724A CN 1458881 A CN1458881 A CN 1458881A
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China
Prior art keywords
tire
rim
particle
pressure
assembly
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CN02800724A
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CN1323856C (en
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寺谷裕之
大谷光司
石黑俊行
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Bridgestone Corp
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Bridgestone Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2001138765A external-priority patent/JP2002332475A/en
Priority claimed from JP2001138764A external-priority patent/JP2002332474A/en
Priority claimed from JP2001237627A external-priority patent/JP2003025806A/en
Application filed by Bridgestone Corp filed Critical Bridgestone Corp
Publication of CN1458881A publication Critical patent/CN1458881A/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

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Abstract

There is provided a tire-rim assembly capable of stably running over a distance required even in the dropping of the tire internal pressure after the injuring of the tire without sacrificing rolling resistance and ride comfort in the usual running before the injuring of the tire, wherein a great number of substantially sphere-shaped particles each consisting of a continuous phase of a resin and a closed cell(s) and having a mean bulk specific gravity of not more than 0.1 are disposed in an interior defined by assembling a hollow doughnut-shaped tire onto an approved rim, and a pressure at 25 DEG C in the interior of the tire is not less than 150 kPa as an absolute pressure.

Description

Assembly of tire and rim
Technical field
The present invention relates to assembly of tire and rim, this assembly of tire and rim can control after bearing outer damage that inside tires pressure reduces fast and after damage prolongation can utilize range ability and not sacrifice durability and in the driving comfort of the common run duration of tire that does not bear outer damage.
Background technology
At pneumatic tyre, in passenger tyre, in the skeleton of tire part as carcass, in the tire band etc. by producing tension force and can carry out squeegee action and the recovery that anti-tire is imported by such tension force at the inside tires sealing air of internal pressure (absolute pressure) for about 250-350kPa.Promptly, by keeping inside tires pressure in given range and in tyre framework, to produce constant-tension, therefore the load carrying function is important for tire and also strengthens rigidity to be provided at vehicle operating as driving the key property that requires in braking and the turning efficiency.
Now, when the tire that remains on given internal pressure bears outer damage, air leaks into outside inside tires pressure is reduced to barometric pressure or becomes so-called puncture state and therefore significantly be lost in the tension force that tyre framework partly produces by this outside injury region.The result is, load carrying function and by applying the driving that given internal pressure obtains to the tire, and braking and turning efficiency also lose, and feasiblely can not move the vehicle that contains such tire.
Therefore, relevant in addition many suggestions of the safety tyre that under the puncture state, can move.For example, as the Pneumatic run-flat tire that is used for vehicle, the suggestion all kinds comprising the tire of load carrying equipment, contain the tire that strengthens sidewall sections etc. as containing the tire of double-walled construction.As the actual technology of using in these suggestions, such tire is arranged, wherein in tire inner surface, from the bead part to the zone of the rim section that is looped around the sidewall position, arrange the side enhancement layer of forming by relative hard rubber.In mainly having the tire that is not more than 60% ratio of height to diameter, the tire of this type is as so-called gas leakage operation tire.
Yet in the technology that adds the side enhancement layer, tire weight increases the longitudinal spring constant of 30-40% with the rising tire, makes to exist rolling resistance greatly to worsen and common operating driving comfort reduces before puncture shortcoming.Therefore, because in the bad influence that pair performance and consumption of fuel are arranged in service usually, this is the technology that still lacks universal performance.
On the other hand, be not less than 60% pneumatic tyre, the main gas leakage operation tire that contains following structure of using as containing high tire part height or ratio of height to diameter; Inner supporting body such as interior ring etc. is fixed on the wheel rim with bearing load under puncture, is used for avoiding the heat in the sidewall sections to generate according in the high-speed relatively operation under long distance down.
Yet, the weight that is difficult to reduce inner supporting body from the vibration resistance viewpoint with therefore compare with the weight conventional pneumatic tyre sometimes, tire, the total weight of inner supporting body and wheel rim increases 30-50% or more, make to be present in the shortcoming that the before common operating driving comfort of puncture worsens, but the shortcoming of the durability appreciable loss of vehicle bottom part such as lining etc. is also arranged.
In addition, the problem of existence is that the operation that after inside tires is arranged inner supporting body tire sets is installed on the wheel rim is the complicated time long with cost.In this connected, suggestion produced difference by the wheel rim on Width one in distolateral and another rim size between distolateral and inserts the technology of inner supporting body easily, but can not obtain enough effects.
In addition, the range ability of gas leakage operation tire after puncture that contains inner supporting body for increase, effectively add frame element so that tire construction is more solid, but the adding by frame element worsens low-rolling-resistance and the driving comfort in using usually, makes that the employing of this technology is unpractical.
In conventional safety tyre, can be having on the road surface of great friction coefficient the service requirement of development after puncture to a certain scope, with asphalt roads surface to some degree such as routine, road surface etc. slightly.Yet, when but the tire of puncture is not to drive wheel during free gear, expose significant defective to the open air on the low-friction coefficient road surface of being represented by in the winter time ice tunnel road or trail road.That is, the deflection state of tire before puncture is less naturally and remain in round shape, makes that when starting when vehicle was moved by the propulsive effort that produces from drive wheel, free gear began to be accompanied by the mobile of vehicle and begins to rotate.On the contrary, tire deflects is big and take to depart from the shape of circle after puncture.Because free gear is can not self rotation and do not produce propulsive effort, the rotation of free gear depends on vehicle and the road surface friction coefficient between moving.Therefore, when starting on vehicle has the road surface of low-friction coefficient, because the low-friction coefficient of road surface, greatly deflection and the tire that departs from circle produce bigger slippage in ground contact surface by puncture.Because, compare with the relative uniform state before the puncture, distribute extremely inhomogeneous and have bigger deflection distortion at the ground pressure of ground contact surface.Such situation not only also takes place at glancing impact when starting.The result is, the possibility that exists is that also insufficient exploitation before had been assemblied in the system on the vehicle, promptly, " propulsive effort control system (traction control) " that is used for replenishing safe operation having on the road surface of low friction systems is used for avoiding " brake-power regulation system (Antilock brake system) " in the locking of braking tire.
As mentioned above, routine techniques is mentioned the service requirement after the internal pressure by tyre injury reduces, but can not deal with the state of quick reduction internal pressure at run duration thrusts tire by coming off foreign matter, making them not to be called is to be used to avoid the dangerous countermeasure that punctures.
On the other hand, suggestion in the tire inner face, arrange in advance sealant material with flowing power with simultaneously by adopting pressure in the tire to be sealed in the technology in the hole after the damage, but their shortcoming is the increase that brings tire weight.That is, the ability that adopts the sealant material sealing to damage the hole depends on the thickness of the sealant material layer that forms on the tire inner face.For example, to be used to seal by diameter be the damage hole that the nail of about 3mm forms to the thickness that requires sealant material layer to have about 3-5mm.Therefore, be used under the all-purpose tire situation of passenger vehicle, by arranging that sealant material increases the weight of 1500-2500g, it not only worsen low-rolling-resistance and before puncture common operating driving comfort, also considerably lose durability as the lining of vehicle bottom part etc.Equally, the tire weight homogeneity that contains sealant material is relatively poor, and it is the principal element that worsens low-rolling-resistance and common driving comfort in service.
In addition, when exterior materials such as nail etc. was thrust tire in the use, such exterior materials did not always come off and may rest in the tire to thrust state from tire immediately.Under such state, the internal pressure of tire do not reduce fast and after a while in service to foreign matter such as nail etc. thrust with wrinkling state under tire apply input, make that the contact surface place between foreign matter such as nail etc. and tire causes wearing and tearing.When contact surface may wear to certain degree owing to such friction, contact surface form slit and foreign matter such as nail etc. suddenly from tire come off reduce immediately simultaneously internal pressure and therefore operation be impossible.The conventional tire that contains sealant material can not be dealt with fully because the foreign matter of the input history of above-mentioned reservation foreign matter outstanding comes off and the reduction of internal pressure and be not gratifying.
In addition, for example, at JP-A-6-127207, JP-A-6-183226, JP-A-7-186610 discloses a kind of tire among the JP-A-8-332805 etc., wherein fill the foaming body that contains many airtight abscesses in the inner space of tyre and rim fabricate block.The tire of these suggestions mainly is limited to special or undersized tire such as agricultural tyre, rally tire, cycle tyre, cycle tyre etc.Therefore, do not know they are applied to tire such as the passenger tyre of special added weight to low-rolling-resistance and driving comfort, truck and bus tyre etc.Equally, all foaming body expansion ratios are lower, and the feasible weight that contains the foaming body of airtight abscess can not be avoided the driving comfort of anti-vibration and the deterioration of consumption of fuel greatly and therefore.In addition, because the inside of airtight abscess is barometric pressure, foaming body can not be as the substitute of conventional tire mesohigh air on function.
In addition, Japanese Patent No.2987076 discloses does not have the puncture tire, wherein will be inserted the inner circumferential part of tire by the filler that foaming body is formed.Yet, except that be in close proximity to the shortcoming of the atmospheric fact according to the pressure in the abscess, owing to foaming body is made up of urethane, because the degradation of energy of urethane group intermolecular ydrogen bonding is big and self-heating generates higher.Therefore, when in tire, filling the urethane foaming body, the repeated deformation of foaming body during by rotation be heat generate greatly to worsen durability.Equally, use the raw MAT'L airtight abscess of moulding hardly, making the abscess that obtains communicate with each other easily and being difficult to keep therein gas and the advantage that has is to obtain required inside tires pressure (load bearing capacity or deflection suppress ability).
In addition, JP-A-48-47002 proposes the another kind of puncture tire that do not have, wherein filling by adopting the thickness of being made up of rubber or synthetic resin in tire is a plurality of expansion pressure cell bodies that the whole covering of coating of 0.5-3mm and the outer peripheral edges that seal many cell bodies form, the cell body is made up of airtight abscess substantially, tire is remained on the internal pressure of regulation.According to this technology, for making cell body abscess pressure inside be higher than barometric pressure, foaming agent quantity that will the mixing formation that is used for airtight abscess becomes expansion pressure cell body in the beginning material is set at the foaming agent quantity that generation is equal to or greater than the amount of gas of tire inner volume at least, so purpose is to provide at least similar in appearance to those performance of common pneumatic tyre.
In above technology,, the cell body is adopted external coating is whole to be covered and sealing for preventing gas from the scattering and disappearing of expansion pressure cell body abscess.As the material that is used for external coating, only example is used for the inner tube of a tyre of automobile and is used for the mixing composition that such inner tube of a tyre forms.That is, the cell body is adopted mainly by the butyl rubber that is used for tire inner tube etc. and forms and the soft elasticity external coating that has the nitrogen hypotonicity covers and seals and fills at tire.Production method as tire, the green tyre inner tube of a tyre begins the tire that material is put into the inside of assembly of tire and rim as expansion pressure cell body with them and adopted the foaming body filling by foamable with acquisition as soft elasticity external coating and the not sulfuration that is used for airtight cell body formation.By the expansion of cell body, has spontaneously the float discharge hole discharging of atmospheric air by in wheel rim, forming in inside tires.
Generally speaking, at room temperature the internal pressure of passenger tyre is set to about 250-350kPa into absolute pressure, make and set up for the sulfuration of tire that the pressure of the inside tires that the cell body of acquisition is filled is 1.5 times of above internal pressures under heated condition (about 140 ℃) from equation of gas state supposition.Yet, cause foaming owing to lack sulfide stress (because sulfide stress is the pressure in conduct source in the cell measure expansion, the shortage of pressure is induced the foaming of soft elasticity external coating in the cell body) as the not vulcanized tyre inner tube of a tyre self of soft elasticity external coating.For avoiding such foamed phenomenon, requiring greatly increases mixing foaming agent quantity, or the rising heating-up temperature.Yet in the measure that increases mixing foaming agent quantity, the increase that is accompanied by foaming agent quantity at room temperature internal pressure surpasses 400kPa, makes the tire that is difficult to adopt the cell body to fill replace conventional pneumatic tyre.In the measure of rising heating-up temperature, because the tyre injury of thermal ageing becomes the durability that worsens tire greatly and considerably, it causes problem in the durability of long period of service.Although expansion pressure cell body in the soft elasticity external coating covering of the many employings of assembly of tire and rim internal placement, the friction of consideration between the soft elasticity external coating of blowing, frictions between tire inner surface and wheel rim inside face etc. consider that durability issues is significant.Above problem it is said it is owing to be different from the layout of many division expansion pressure cell bodies of following situation: expansion pressure cell body be shaped as whole annulus cast.Equally, the little discharge orifice that forms in wheel rim can discharge atmospheric air by the expansion of expansion pressure cell body from inside tires effectively, but, make that such tire is not durable in long-time the use also as the dissipation passage of abscess internal gas in the expansion pressure cell body.
Have hypotonic ventilative composite of nitrogen such as tire inner tube etc. as soft elasticity external coating although mainly form by butyl rubber; because the vulcanization reaction speed of butyl rubber is very slow, the time of heat that requires quite to prolong is to finish the reaction under about 140 ℃ of temperature.The crosslink density that this means soft elasticity external coating lacks, and it is said that it is the reason that causes that soft elasticity external coating is peeled off.Equally, the prolongation of time of heat has further increased the damage of tire by above-mentioned thermal ageing, make the deterioration can not avoid durability and therefore above technology can not be called good plan.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of assembly of tire and rim, this assembly of tire and rim can be after tyre injury in addition the distance that in inside tires pressure reduces, requires in smooth operation, and do not sacrifice rolling resistance and common operating driving comfort before tyre injury.
The inventor has carried out various researchs and can reach even the smooth operation in the internal pressure reduction after damage to overcome the above problems and to be found to be, effectively when inside tires gas leaks out by damage, be provided at the minimum inside tires pressure of requirement in service after a while by suitable measure.
That is main points of the present invention and being constructed as follows.
1. assembly of tire and rim, it is characterized in that by hollow circular ring cast tire sets being installed to the particle of a large amount of substantially sphericals of determining on the wheel rim of checking and approving of internal placement, each particle is made up of resin continuous phase and airtight abscess and average body proportion is not more than 0.1 and be not less than 150kPa for the inside tires pressure of absolute pressure down at 25 ℃.
2. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 1, wherein be not less than 150kPa for the inside tires pressure of absolute pressure down but be not more than 900kPa at 25 ℃.
3. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 1 or 2, arrange that wherein a large amount of particles make the volume packing ratio of being determined by following formula be not less than 75% but be not more than 150%:
The volume packing ratio=(Vs/Vt) * 100
(wherein Vs is at the cumulative volume of all particles of fabricate block internal placement and comprises spatial volume around the particle under atmospheric pressure and inner volume that Vt is tire).
4. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 3, wherein the volume packing ratio is not less than 75% but be not more than 130%.
5. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 4, wherein the volume packing ratio is not less than 75% but be not more than 110%.
6. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 5, wherein the volume packing ratio is not less than 80% but be not more than 100%.
7. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 1 or 3, wherein when being installed to assembly of tire and rim on the vehicle, the volume loading of particle is being limited to the scope of the following upper limit down from following in the fabricate block, as comprising the cumulative volume of particle surrounding space volume under atmospheric pressure:
The upper limit of volume loading: when will gas filed fabricate block is installed on the vehicle under being adjusted to the pressure of internal pressure, internal pressure be specified by such vehicle, in the inner volume that is applied to assembly of tire and rim under the load of vehicle on each;
The lower limit of volume loading: when internal pressure being set to atmospheric fabricate block and being installed on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
8. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 7, wherein the upper limit of volume loading is the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding at least 1.2 times.
9. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 7, wherein the lower limit of volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 10% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, by being installed to, such vehicle specifies internal pressure on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
10. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 8, wherein the upper limit of volume loading is the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 1.5 times.
11. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 8, wherein the upper limit of volume loading is the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
12. assembly of tire and rim according to project 9, wherein the lower limit of volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 30% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, by being installed to, such vehicle specifies internal pressure on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
13. assembly of tire and rim according to project 9, wherein the lower limit of volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 40% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, by being installed to, such vehicle specifies internal pressure on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
14. assembly of tire and rim according to project 9, wherein the lower limit of volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 50% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, by being installed to, such vehicle specifies internal pressure on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
15. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 1,3 or 7, wherein proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 40% (mass ratio) in being arranged in a large amount of particles of fabricate block in-to-in.
16. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 15, wherein proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 30% (mass ratio).
17. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 16, wherein proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 20% (mass ratio).
18. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 17, wherein proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 5% (mass ratio).
19. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 1,3 or 7, wherein the continuous phase of particle is made up of at least a following material: polyvinyl alcohol resin, acrylonitrile based polymer, acrylic polymer and vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol.
20. assembly of tire and rim according to project 19, wherein the continuous phase of particle is made up of acrylonitrile based polymer and acrylonitrile based polymer is be selected from following material at least a: acrylonitrile polymer, acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate copolymer.
21. assembly of tire and rim according to project 19, wherein the continuous phase of particle is made up of acrylic polymer and acrylic polymer is be selected from following material at least a: polymethyl methacrylate resin, methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer, methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile copolymers and methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile terpolymer.
22. assembly of tire and rim according to project 19, wherein the continuous phase of particle is made up of the vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol and the vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol is be selected from following material at least a: vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer.
23. according to project 1,3,7 or 19 assembly of tire and rim, wherein the airtight abscess of particle contains at least a gas that is selected from following material: nitrogen, air, the straight chain with 2-8 carbon and branched aliphatic hydrocarbon and fluoride thereof, the clicyclic hydrocarbon with 2-8 carbon and fluoride thereof and the ether compound of being represented by following general formula (I):
R 1-O-R 2…(I)
(R wherein 1And R 2Each be to have the monovalent hydrocarbon residue of 1-5 carbon and can be satisfied hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and the structure that can contain straight chain or branched structure and comprise ring).
24. according to project 1,3,7,19 or 23 assembly of tire and rim, wherein the gas permeation constant of particle continuous phase under 30 ℃ is not more than 300 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
25. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 24, wherein the gas permeation constant under 30 ℃ is not more than 20 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
26. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 25, wherein the gas permeation constant under 30 ℃ is not more than 2 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
27. according to project 1,3,7,19,23 or 24 assembly of tire and rim wherein adopts inside liner to provide tire and inside liner to be made up of composition for thermoplastic elastomer on its inside face, said composition comprises that fusing point is 170-230 ℃ the nylon resin and the halide of isobutylene p-methylstyrene copolymer, wherein dynamic vulcanization elastomeric component under the gelation ratio of 50-95%.
28. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 27, wherein the gas permeation constant of inside liner under 30 ℃ is not more than 20 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
29. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 1, wherein further at fabricate block internal placement aquaseal basis material.
30. according to project 1,3,7,19,23,24 or 28 assembly of tire and rim is wherein further at fabricate block internal placement liquid.
31. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 30, wherein liquid is silicone or aliphatic multivalence alcohol.
32. according to project 1,3,7,19,23,24,28 or 30 assembly of tire and rim, further comprising can be by stimulating the expansion particle of expanding volume.
33. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 32, the particle that wherein expands comprises foaming agent and coats the shell of the gas that produces by expanding at airtight attitude foaming agent.
34. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 33, its moderate stimulation is at least a of heat, pressure and vibration.
35. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 33, wherein foaming agent is to be selected from the straight chain of at least a 2-6 of having carbon of following material and branched aliphatic hydrocarbon and fluoride, the clicyclic hydrocarbon with 2-6 carbon and fluoride thereof and by the ether compound of following general formula (I) expression:
R 1-O-R 2…(I)
(R wherein 1And R 2Each be to have the monovalent hydrocarbon residue of 1-5 carbon and can be satisfied hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and the structure that can contain straight chain or branched structure and comprise ring).
36. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 33, wherein foaming agent is that foaming agent is the pyrolysis foaming agent.
37. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 33, wherein at more than 100 ℃ expanded foamed dose.
38. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 36, wherein the pyrolysis foaming agent is be selected from following material at least a: the two benzenesulfonyl hydrazines of dinitropentamethylenetetramine, Celogen Az, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazine and derivant thereof and oxygen.
39. according to project 1,3,7,19,23,24,28,30 or 32 assembly of tire and rim contains at a large amount of particles of assembly of tire and rim internal placement and to remain on the airtight abscess that is higher than under the atmospheric pressure.
40. an assembly of tire and rim comprises confined space of being determined by tyre and rim and the pressure gas of filling and contains the measure that is useful on the measure that detects gas pressure change and is used for passing through the pressure of volume is changed the approaching confined space inner volume that changes before changing in the space.
41. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 40, the measure that wherein is used for the detected pressures variation is a pressure sensor.
42. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 40, the measure that wherein is used for changing near the confined space inner volume that changes by the pressure to volume before changing is at least a of following material: the expandable compositions and the foamable composite that are positioned at confined space.
43. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 42, wherein foamable composite comprises foaming agent.
44. assembly of tire and rim according to project 40, the measure that wherein is used for the detected pressures variation has according to the wheel speed detection by the Antilock brake system wheel speed sensors, the warning function that is used to reduce the warning function of inside tires pressure and/or is used to reduce inside tires pressure according to the technology of directly measuring the tire internal pressure by pressure sensor.
45. according to the assembly of tire and rim of project 40, wherein with hollow circular ring cast mounting of tyre to the wheel rim of checking and approving.
46. the method for the assembly of tire and rim volume of a reconciling items 40, it is characterized in that when with set internal pressure to atmospheric fabricate block be installed on the vehicle and bear corresponding to 2.0 times be applied to vehicle each when going up load of load, before the fabricate block inner volume reaches the fabricate block inner volume, begin to be used for before changing to change operation near the measure of confined space inner volume by pressure to volume.
47. method that applies internal pressure to assembly of tire and rim, this assembly of tire and rim is by installing hollow circular ring cast mounting of tyre and forms to the wheel rim of checking and approving and containing the measure of detection by gas pressure change in the definite inside of tyre and rim that be useful on, it is characterized in that at the inner particle of filling a large amount of substantially sphericals of fabricate block that so that given internal pressure is applied on the fabricate block each comprises particle by resin and be higher than the continuous phase that the airtight abscess under the atmospheric pressure is formed with remaining on.
48. according to the method that applies internal pressure of project 47, the measure that wherein is used for the detected pressures variation is a pressure sensor.
49. device that is used for applying internal pressure to assembly of tire and rim, this assembly of tire and rim forms to the wheel rim of checking and approving by hollow circular ring cast mounting of tyre is installed, this device comprises the storage measure that is used to store the substantially spherical particle, each comprises particle by resin and remaining on and is higher than the continuous phase that the airtight abscess atmospheric pressure under forms and is used for conveying storage particle to fabricate block in-to-in transportation measures.
50. according to the device that applies internal pressure of project 49, further involving vibrations applies measure.
51. the device that applies internal pressure according to project 49 further comprises from the measure of gas separating particles.
52. the device that applies internal pressure according to project 49 further comprises the measure of the particle that weighs.
53. the device that applies internal pressure according to project 49 further comprises the measure of regulating particle rapidity.
54. method that assembly of tire and rim is provided, form this assembly of tire and rim by particle at the hollow circular ring cast tire and a large amount of substantially sphericals of internal placement of the wheel rim of checking and approving, each comprises particle by resin and remains on and be higher than the continuous phase that the airtight abscess under the atmospheric pressure is formed, it is characterized in that in the step of carrying the particle-filled fabricate block of employing, will adopt particle-filled fabricate block internal regulation to setting pressure to the feed side.
55. one kind provides service method to the chaufeur of handling vehicle after assembly of tire and rim is provided, vehicle is equipped with assembly of tire and rim, each contains a large amount of substantially spherical particles of in-to-in that are arranged in hollow circular ring cast tire and check and approve wheel rim assembly of tire and rim, particle each by resin continuous phase with remain on the airtight abscess that is higher than under the atmospheric pressure and form, it is characterized in that to carry out the end equipment of communication and on fabricate block, arrange being used for the measure that detected pressures changes in layout on the vehicle, with when detection method detects accident, to partly be transferred to the information Control server that contains database section by Communication Control from end equipment from the customizing messages of the measure of detection, the previous storage of database section is useful on the location information of selling and keeping in repair the repair and maintenance garage of assembly of tire and rim, with the customizing messages of information Control server according to reception, the zone of positioned vehicle, gather the information of repair and maintenance garage and the repair and maintenance garage information of gathering and internal pressure abnormality alarm partly are transferred to chaufeur in end equipment and internal pressure abnormality alarm that will receive and the repair and maintenance garage information notice vehicle by Communication Control in end equipment from database section.
56. the service method that provides according to project 55, the measure that wherein is used for the detected pressures variation has according to the wheel speed detection by the Antilock brake system wheel speed sensors, the warning function that is used to reduce the warning function of inside tires pressure and/or is used to reduce inside tires pressure according to the technology of directly measuring the tire internal pressure by pressure sensor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cutaway view of assembly of tire and rim embodiment on tire width direction according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view of another embodiment of assembly of tire and rim on tire width direction according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of other embodiment of assembly of tire and rim on tire width direction according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the further embodiment of assembly of tire and rim on tire width direction according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is explanation applies the technology of internal pressure according to the present invention a sketch.
Fig. 6 is the sketch that explanation contains abscess particle entry port and extraneous gas outlet port.
Fig. 7 is the sketch that explanation contains abscess particle entry port and extraneous gas outlet port.
Fig. 8 is that explanation is used to introduce the sketch that contains abscess particle pipeline.
Fig. 9 is the transparent view that the explanation vibration applies the measure specific embodiment.
Figure 10 is the weigh sketch of the measure specific embodiment that contains the abscess particle of explanation.
Figure 11 is the sketch that explanation pressure in hold tank and pressure sensor changes function.
Figure 12 is presented to adopt the figure that contains the result who estimates on the quiet spring constant in the particle-filled tyre and rim fabricate block of abscess.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 below with reference to the cross section that shows it on its Width describes according to assembly of tire and rim of the present invention.
That is, shown assembly of tire and rim constitutes in the following way: tire 1 is assembled on the wheel rim of checking and approving 2 and at the particle of a large amount of substantially sphericals of being determined by tire 1 and wheel rim 2 of internal placement, each particle is made up of resin continuous phase and airtight abscess.As tire 1, unless various tire, as the tire that is used for passenger vehicle etc. is according to mode, not special requirement limiting structure usually.As tire, can mention the tire that is used for passenger vehicle, be used for truck tire, be used for city motor bus tire, be used for motor bike tire, be used for bicycle tire, be used for the tire of construction vehicle, be used for the tire of aircraft etc.For example, shown tire is the all-purpose tire that is used for passenger vehicle, wherein tire band 6 and tyre surface 7 is arranged in continuously between the pair of bead core 4 at it in the radial direction on the crown part of the carcass 5 that outer ring extends.In addition, numeral 8 is inside liners.
Particle 3 is to contain airtight abscess of the substantially spherical that is centered on by resin continuous phase and diameter, for example is the ducted body of about 10-500 μ m, or comprises in a large number the sponge structure body of the capacitor of being made up of airtight abscess.That is, particle 3 is to comprise not and the particle of the airtight abscess of external communications that wherein the number of airtight abscess can be one or more.Particle comprises that the character representation particle of airtight abscess contains the resin shell of the airtight abscess that is included in airtight attitude.Therefore, resin continuous phase represents to constitute the continuous phase of resin shell composite.In addition, the shell composite is made up of later described resin.
By arranging that in inside tires given internal pressure that a large amount of particles 3 produce tire is with the air of independent filling with guarantee the minimum internal pressure of the tire that requires simultaneously in low internal pressure.
Promptly, in comprising the assembly of tire and rim that is arranged in tire 1 in-to-in particle 3 in a large number, when tire bears damage, the gas that is present in space 9 between the particle 3, it provides predetermined internal pressure with particle 3, from tire leak out and therefore inside tires pressure be reduced to the pressure that approximates greatly at outside tires pressure.Yet, in reducing the internal pressure process, cause following phenomenon in inside tires, therefore guarantee the internal pressure that requires in the tire.
At first, when tire is damaged when beginning to reduce internal pressure, the part of particle sealing damage is with the quick reduction of control internal pressure.On the other hand, the amount of deflection of tire be accompanied by the reduction of inside tires pressure and increase with the inner volume that reduces tire and result be particle they self directly bear load with the minimum internal pressure of the tire that therefore remains on requirement in service after a while.Equally, because the pressure in the particle in the airtight abscess keeps and the proportional pressure of above inside tires pressure after damage, or, be present in inside tires at the particle that exists under the inside tires pressure even after damage before the damage because the overall particle that remains on before damaging is long-pending.Therefore, when tire further moves, between particle, cause friction with produce certainly heat simultaneously particle they self bear load and therefore in the tire temperature of particle raise fast.When such temperature surpasses the resin expansion beginning temperature that forms particle continuous phase, with damage before increase the pressure in the airtight abscess in the particle by the quick rising of particle temperature under the proportional pressure of inside tires pressure, make particle volume in a stretching, extension, expand and tire in the level of pressure recovery pressure before approach to damage.
This state is such state, and particle directly bears load with the minimum internal pressure of the tire that is provided at requirement in service.Therefore tire deflects can keep round-shaped and the ground pressure in the tire ground contact area can be remained on relative state uniformly with comparing with above-mentioned conventional safety tyre quite little under such state.Therefore, for example, the tire that on road surface in main winter, moves, when filling particle of the present invention in the edge nail tire not etc., even the intrinsic key property of winter tire never worsens after tyre injury.That is, as the snow road, maneuvering performance is as traction in the ice road etc. at the road surface with low-friction coefficient, and braking, the deterioration that turns to etc. cause that still less and never to make operation impossible.
For advantageously moving under low internal pressure after tyre injury, necessary is to fill under atmospheric pressure average body proportion in inside tires to be not more than 0.1 particle.Because, when filling under atmospheric pressure average body proportion in inside tires greater than 0.1 particle, the heavy durability with damage operating driving comfort and vehicle bottom part under normal internal pressure of particle gross weight quantitative change becomes greatly with molten particles before reaching the object run distance and the minimum internal pressure of tire that therefore is difficult to be in operation and requires but generate in the low operating self-heating of the inside tires differential pressure of following tyre injury equally.
At this, for example, can be by measuring the particle weight under atmospheric pressure have known volume, and calculate average body proportion under atmospheric pressure.In the present invention, calculate under atmospheric pressure average body proportion in the following way: the particle and apply vibration with the stable filling state that becomes particle with measure particle volume and particle weight of in measuring cylinder, under atmospheric pressure weighing to the cylinder in ultrasound bath.That is, under atmospheric pressure the average body proportion=particle total weight/overall particle of particle is long-pending.In addition, overall particle product representation particle shell cumulative volume, in the particle airtight abscess cumulative volume and between particle the long-pending summation of spatial overall.
In addition, importantly after inside tires arranges to have the particle of above average body proportion, will be not less than 150kPa for the inside tires pressure of absolute pressure is set at down, and preferably be not less than 150kPa but be not more than 900kPa at 25 ℃.That is, when pressure during less than 150kPa, the compression level of particle is less and less with the space pressure around the like-particles, makes before tyre injury load-bearing at common particle in service than the durability that uprises and worry to damage particle.Yet when it surpassed 900kPa, a part of particle was in by compression and breaks the state and this moment of pulverizing fully.The result is to have such possibility: when the damage owing to tire reduces internal pressure, and the minimum internal pressure of needed tire in the time of just can not guaranteeing under constant distance, to keep operation.
Although be limited in inside tires pressure under 25 ℃ from above reason, such pressure preferably is not less than 180kPa, is not less than 200kPa especially, the more special 250kPa that is not less than.Pressure is become is not less than 180kPa, be not less than 200kPa, the character representation that further is not less than 250kPa the compression level of particle is uprised and the pressure of the particle surrounding space that raises and the load-bearing that may alleviate particle than durability with the protection particle.
In the present invention, need especially to keep being in operation at least that part that the minimum internal pressure of tire that requires hinders with seals damaged not only also makes it possible to even the inside tires pressure between damage reaches smooth operation in reducing fast.Reason for this reason, when filling a large amount of particle 3 in inside tires, arrange that in inside tires under atmospheric pressure average body proportion is not more than 0.1 particle and makes the volume packing ratio of being determined by following formula be not less than 75% but be not more than 150%, therefore part is born the internal pressure of tire and the minimum internal pressure of the requirement that equally more effectively guarantees to be in operation under low inside tires pressure:
(volume packing ratio)=(Vs/Vt) * 100.... (A)
(Vs wherein: all particles cumulative volume (liter) under atmospheric pressure of arranging in inside tires
Vt: the inner volume of tire (liter)).
At this, calculate all particles cumulative volume under atmospheric pressure of arranging in inside tires by the following method.At first, measure the average body proportion of particle under atmospheric pressure by said method.Then, the particle total weight that will fill in tire is measured and divided by the average body proportion under atmospheric pressure that calculates, and therefore can calculate under atmospheric pressure the cumulative volume of all particles of arranging in inside tires.That is the average body proportion of particle of the particle total weight of the cumulative volume of all particles of under atmospheric pressure arranging in inside tires=in tire, fill/under atmospheric pressure.
In addition, the volume of particle 3 is to comprise under atmospheric pressure between the particle volume of spatial volume and can followingly represent according to the present invention.
The volume in space between the volume+particle in slit in the volume+particle of the particle volume=particle mesochite that uses.
In the case, the volume of the volume of gas=airtight abscess in the particle.
Therefore in the present invention, particle is under atmospheric pressure weighed in measuring cylinder and become the state of stable filling to measure particle volume by apply vibration to the cylinder in ultrasound bath.
Equally, the inner volume of tire is defined as the volume of being determined by tyre and rim.Reason for this reason after installing to tire sets on the wheel rim, at inner incompressible fluid with known proportion such as the water etc. of filling of fabricate block, is therefore determined the inner volume of tire from the increment of weight.
Under being included in, be arranged in the assembly of tire and rim of a large amount of particles 3 in the tire with the upper volume packing ratio, if tire sustains damage, the gas that is present in space 9 between the particle 3, it provides the normal internal pressure of tire with particle 3, from the tire internal leakage go out and therefore the internal pressure of tire be reduced to the degree that equals outside tires pressure substantially.Yet, in the process that reduces internal pressure, cause that in inside tires described after a while phenomenon is to keep the necessary internal pressure of tire.
Why the volume packing ratio is limited to and is not less than 75% but to be not more than 150% reason as follows.When the volume packing ratio less than 75% the time, adopt particle damaged portion seal break-off and make pressure equal barometric pressure at the particle surrounding space, make tire greatly deflection and operation drag its sidewall sections simultaneously, so sidewall sections localized wear is to cause the worry of destroying tire before reaching object run distance.Yet, when it surpasses 150%, part particle is in the state of pulverizing fully and breaks at this moment and therefore have such possibility by compression, promptly when reducing inside tires pressure, can not guarantee the minimum internal pressure of tire with the requirement in service that remains on constant distance owing to the damage tire.
Although the volume packing ratio of particle from above reason restriction tire, the volume packing ratio further preferably is not less than 75% and is not more than 130%, is not less than 75% but be not more than 110% and be not less than 80% but be not more than 100%.
Equally, can change tempestuously at tire spring constant in the radial direction by in above scope, changing the volume packing ratio of inside tires particle filled composite tempestuously.That is, when increasing the volume packing ratio, approximate atmospheric degree greatly if the pressure in the particle surrounding space is reduced to after tyre injury, the particle of each compression produces and recovers antagonistic force, makes to guarantee higher spring constant.
After particle is provided to inside tires, for example, can go into inside tires and compressed particles by fills with air that will about 200-300kPa.Therefore, can be by regulating the quantity be provided to the inside tires particle and the air pressure of filling suitably in inside tires, the compression level of particle is set to required scope.
When by above method compressed particles, high pressure air is present in around the particle and therefore can alleviates at the load that is born by particle in service usually, makes to reduce that the repeated deformation that is accompanied by during the tire rotation is applied to tired on the particle and to the not damage of durability of particle.
In addition, when the tyre and rim fabricate block that will adopt a large amount of particles 3 to fill was installed on the vehicle, the volume loading of particle was being limited to the scope of the following upper limit down from following, as comprising the cumulative volume of particle surrounding space volume under atmospheric pressure.
The upper limit of volume loading: when will gas filed fabricate block is installed on the vehicle under being adjusted to the pressure of internal pressure, internal pressure be specified by such vehicle, in the inner volume that is applied to assembly of tire and rim under the load of vehicle on each;
The lower limit of volume loading: when internal pressure being set to atmospheric fabricate block and being installed on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
Yet, the cumulative volume of all particles that the volume loading indication of particle is under atmospheric pressure filled in assembly of tire and rim, it is included in the spatial volume around the particle.
At this, the cumulative volume of all particles of in assembly of tire and rim, filling that the volume loading of particle indication is under atmospheric pressure measured by above method, it is included in the spatial volume around the particle.
Below describe to determine the reason of " upper limit of volume loading is when will gas filed fabricate block is installed on the vehicle under being adjusted to the pressure of internal pressure; internal pressure is by such vehicle appointment, in the inner volume that is applied to assembly of tire and rim under the load of vehicle on each ".In the present invention, recover inside tires pressure by the above-mentioned Pressure Development mechanism of particle.Therefore, under surpassing the volume of the upper limit during particle filled composite, the possibility of existence is to be to increase rolling resistance by such friction specifying friction between the particle and the possibility of causing in service under the internal pressure before the tyre injury.This is disadvantageous to consider conservation of fuel.
Similarly, below describe to determine the reason of " lower limit of volume loading is when internal pressure being set to atmospheric fabricate block and being installed on the vehicle, in the inner volume that is applied to assembly of tire and rim under the load that vehicle loads on each corresponding to 2.0 times ".In the present invention, recover inside tires pressure by the above-mentioned Pressure Development mechanism of particle.Therefore, when particle filled composite under the volume of discontented foot limit, even inside tires pressure is reduced to barometric pressure, particle self can not directly bear load and be difficult to cause that friction and result between the particle are to guarantee the recovery of internal pressure.
As mentioned above,, can develop the internal pressure restore funcitons fully, therefore reach safe operation in the constant distance after tyre injury by particle filled composite under the volume in the scope between above upper and lower bound according to the present invention.According to the condition of service of vehicle and using method and vehicle condition such as occupant's number, the quality that goods is assert etc., the upper limit can be suitably corresponding to being applied to the load of vehicle on each.Assert under the service condition that quality changes day by day at occupant's number or goods, consider that preferably above worry reduces the upper limit on particle volume.That is, preferably corresponding to 1.2 times, preferred 1.5 times, more preferably 2.0 times of inner volumes that are applied to assembly of tire and rim under the load of vehicle on each.
Equally, lower limit can be interpreted as preferred range from following reason.That is, when internal pressure begins to reduce owing to the damage of tire, recover internal pressure approaching to cause the friction between the particle fast under the volume loading of the upper limit.Under such situation, wheel speed difference between revolver and right wheel pressure reduction amount little and that directly measured by the inside tires pressure sensor is little, makes to detect by tyre injury that sensitivity that internal pressure reduces reduces and what worry is by the square dangerous information to be reported to chaufeur.On the other hand, when under near the particle volume loading of lower limit, reducing internal pressure owing to tyre injury, because the bigger reduction of internal pressure, deflection become greater to some degree and greatly reduces with close tire inner volume, and causes that thereafter friction between the particle is to recover internal pressure.Under such situation, in case inside tires pressure greatly reduces, the tension force that is applied on tyre framework element such as the carcass etc. greatly reduces.Therefore, the worry that causes is under the low internal pressure (=low-tension) situation that keeps the slight time, and the bead part that is installed on the wheel rim is left up to recovering internal pressure from wheel rim.Reason for this reason, preferred lower limit uprises to avoid such worry.Particularly, lower limit is when inside tires pressure is set to barometric pressure, inner volume under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times, preferably when internal pressure being set to by 10% of the internal pressure of vehicle appointment, further preferred its 30%, more preferably its 40% and its inner volume of 50% o'clock most preferably.
In addition, for example, after inside tires is arranged particle, fill the gas of about 150-250kPa,, therefore be enough to the pressure in the airtight abscess in the particle is strengthened to about 150-250kPa in the space around the particle, to keep the time of inner pressure constant in inside tires.Therefore, can the pressure in the airtight abscess in the particle be set to required scope by the gaseous tension that is adjusted in the inside tires filling suitably.Therefore, when the pressure in particle in the airtight abscess is set to and is higher than atmospheric pressure, can develop above-mentioned internal pressure restore funcitons after tyre injury fully.Equally, owing to around particle, there is high pressure, can be relieved to insignificant degree at common run duration by the load that particle bears, make and reduce that the repeated deformation that is accompanied by during the tire rotation is applied to tired on the particle and the not damage of durability of particle.
In addition, for developing above internal pressure restore funcitons fully, importantly before the development of internal pressure restore funcitons, seal the part of damage fully.Promptly, if the sealing of damaged portion is not enough, the internal pressure that recovers from damaged portion leak out and the internal pressure that therefore recovers to obtain by internal pressure temporarily be of value to after a while service requirement and the worry of existence be the drive ability that can not guarantee necessarily after damage.Because being proportion, hangs down and whippy particle on particle according to the present invention with hollow structure, when the gas in the particle surrounding space after tyre injury begins when damaged portion is leaked out, particle is crowded in damaged portion with the logistics based on gas leakage in the space immediately, with the wound of instantaneous sealing damaged portion.As mentioned above, adopting the sealing function of the damaged portion of particle is the household function that supports the internal pressure restore funcitons according to the present invention.
Although particle proportion according to the present invention is low especially, because not every particle all is uniformly, they have proportion and distribute.Rough above particle is divided into the measure of two kinds of components as considering than being reused in, attempt being separated into ethanol (proportion: 0.79) in the component (proportion is not less than 0.79 particle) of precipitation and unsteady component (particle) less than 0.79 and conduct to the definition of the deposited components content of sample total weight under each particle of layout.At this, as follows from the feature of finding as the definition of deposited components content.
In the particle that inside tires is arranged, preferred specific gravity is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 40% (mass ratio).At first, the definition that proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content is according to such discovery, and proportion is not less than the durability of 0.79 particle control particle.Therefore, when proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content above 40% (mass ratio), because the damage by tire becomes the pressure in the particle surrounding space into barometric pressure, the breaking of particle becomes very fast and greatly deflection and be in running state and drag sidewall sections simultaneously of tire, and so the possibility of sidewall sections localized wear and existence be reaching object run apart between rupture of tire.
Although limit the preferred content that proportion is not less than 0.79 particle from above reason, such content preferably is not more than 30% (mass ratio), is not more than 20% (mass ratio) and further is not more than 5% (mass ratio).
Owing to, do not require control tire construction self and can provide new assembly of tire and rim by adopting all-purpose tire and general wheel rim by arranging that in inside tires the particle with given average body proportion and volume obtains above effect.
In the present invention, be preferably and after tyre injury, be provided at the minimum internal pressure that requires under the low internal pressure, leak free gas does not leak into the particle outside under setting pressure in the airtight abscess of particle, or the continuous phase of airtight abscess has the performance of infiltration gas hardly in the formation particle.Therefore, form by material as the particle continuous phase of airtight abscess matrix with low gas permeability.Particularly, it preferably is made up of at least a material that is selected from following material: polyvinyl alcohol resin, acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylic copolymer and vinylidene chloride base co-polymer, acrylonitrile/styrene resin (AS), poly-vinyl resin (PE), acrylic resin (PP), alkide resin (PET) and polystyrene/polyethylene and ethylene copolymers (PS/PE).All these materials can quite easily expand in tire and have the elasticity based on the squeegee action input, and they are effective to the present invention especially.
Especially, any one continuous phase of material under in the advantageous applications: polyvinyl alcohol resin, acrylonitrile based polymer, acrylic polymer and vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol to particle.As acrylonitrile polymer, advantageously adopt and be selected from least a of following material: acrylonitrile polymer, acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate copolymer, with as acrylic polymer, advantageously adopt and be selected from least a of following material: polymethyl methacrylate resin (MMA), methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer (MMA/AN), methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile copolymers (MMA/MAN) and methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile terpolymer (MMA/AN/MAN), with as the vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol, advantageously adopt to be selected from least a of following material: vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer.All these material gas permeabilities are less and gas permeability is lower, make them not to the gas of external leaks in airtight abscess and the pressure that can keep in the airtight abscess.
In addition, recommend the gas permeation constant of particle continuous phase under 30 ℃ to be not more than 300 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg), preferably the gas permeation constant under 30 ℃ is not more than 20 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg), further preferred gas permeation constant under 30 ℃ is not more than 2 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).Consider following result: the inside liner in common pneumatic tyre is not more than 300 * 10 at the gas permeation constant -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg) have enough internal pressure under the level and keep function, the gas permeation constant of particle continuous phase under 30 ℃ become be not more than 300 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).Yet the every about 3-6 of gas permeation constant month additional internal pressure that requires such level once makes from safeguarding viewpoint, recommends the gas permeation constant to be not more than 20 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg), further preferably be not more than 2 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
As the gas of the airtight abscess of constituent particle, mention be selected from following at least a: nitrogen, air, straight chain and branched aliphatic hydrocarbon and fluoride thereof, clicyclic hydrocarbon and fluoride thereof and by the ether compound of following general formula (I) expression with 2-8 carbon with 2-8 carbon:
R 1-O-R 2…(I)
(R wherein 1And R 2Each be to have the monovalent hydrocarbon residue of 1-5 carbon and can be satisfied hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and the structure that can contain straight chain or branched structure and comprise ring).Equally, the gas of filling in tire is air or change the air of oxygen partial pressure normally, if but the gas in the particle is not fluoride, consider safety, preferably do not wrap oxygen gas such as nitrogen, unreactable gas etc.
In addition, be not particularly limited the method that forms the particle that contains airtight abscess, but preferably use foaming agent.As foaming agent, can mention the pyrolysis foaming agent, high pressure compressed gas, liquefied gas etc. that produce gas by pyrolysis.
Especially, a large amount of pyrolysis foaming agents have the feature that produces nitrogen, make the particle that obtains by the such pyrolysis foaming agent reaction of suitable control comprise nitrogen in its abscess.
In the resin continuous phase that forms constituent particle, carrying out emulsion polymerization under high pressure liquefies propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclopropane, tetramethylene, cyclopentance, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane etc. simultaneously and is dispensed in the reaction dissolvent, therefore can obtain expandable resin, wherein at liquid state blanketing gas component such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclopropane, tetramethylene, cyclopentance, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane etc. in resin continuous phase.When such particle being filled and heat, in abscess, seal propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclopropane, tetramethylene, cyclopentance, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane etc. with the formation particle in tire.Isomeride as butane, pentane, hexane, heptane and octane, can mention isobutane, isopentane, neopentane, 2-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, methyl hexane, dimethyl pentane, triptane, methylheptane, dimethylhexane, trimethylpentane etc.
Equally, can obtain the target tire by above expandable resin particle being born finish coat such as inhibiter, oiling agent etc. and in tire, under heating, expanding.In addition, can adopt liquefied gas leak free resin particle to be packed into tire by before under heating, expanding with the particle of formation substantially spherical with their compressions.
On the other hand, tire contains inside liner in its inner peripheral surface.Such inside liner preferably is made up of composition for thermoplastic elastomer, and said composition comprises that fusing point is 170-230 ℃ the nylon resin and the halide of isobutylene p-methylstyrene, wherein dynamic vulcanization elastomeric component under the gelation ratio of 50-95%.Because nylon resin constitutes the continuous phase be different from mainly the conventional inside liner of being made up of butyl rubber and gas permeation is very low and so can strengthen the function of inside liner.In addition, by using composition for thermoplastic elastomer to obtain to have the inside liner that enriches elasticity and excellent heat resistance and durability, wherein dynamic vulcanization comprises the halid elastomeric component of isobutylene p-methylstyrene copolymer under the gelation ratio of 50-95%.Because inside liner has above characteristic, can produce the environment that helps in the airtight abscess of particle, keeping gas.
In addition, gelation ratio is the numerical value that calculates by following formula after following operation: will the granulation cmpd twin shaft is mixing after adopt acetone to carry out the Soxhlet extraction 8 hours in water-bath and further resistates is adopted normal hexane to carry out Soxhlet extraction 8 hours with the unvulcanized elastomeric component of extraction in solvent with measure then except that the weight of extract and acetone and normal hexane afterwards of desolvating.
Weight * 100 of gelation ratio (%)=[weight of all cmpds-{ (adopting acetone extract+employing n-hexane extraction)-stearic quantity }]/all cmpds
In addition, the gas permeation constant of inside liner under 30 ℃ is not more than 20 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).Because, even the abscess gas inside owing to some reasons are leaked out from particle, when the gas permeability of inside liner was enough low, gas diminished and advantageously keeps the internal pressure of tire from the exterior leakage of particle abscess cover.That is, the gas permeability of inside liner is the factor that the decision tire is kept as reservoir pressure.In fact, the gas permeability of constituent particle continuous phase is lower substantially and it is desirable to use the inside liner with low gas permeability in addition.
In the present invention, can fill the inner filling sealing agent basis material of assembly of tire and rim of a large amount of particles 3 therein.In the case, when cause in the tire damage as tear etc. with by damaged portion emit the gas of inside tires to the outside, particle and aquaseal basis material flow into the part of damage tempestuously.The result is, the large space of damaged portion is at first stopped up by the particle that moves to damaged portion, and further seals the part of damaging by the THICKNESS CONTROL that moves by the aquaseal basis material with particle flowing in damaged portion between the microvoid between aquaseal basis material filling damaged portion and the particle to adopt particle and aquaseal basis material.Therefore, the gas in the tire does not leak into the outside.Therefore, particle and aquaseal basis material bear the part of functions of sealing damaged portion and quite shorten the time that sealing is finished that reaches, make can effectively control tire break and the quick reduction of internal pressure with the safety of maintenance tire in the constant time after damage.
Unless being not particularly limited it, the aquaseal basis material has flowing power, viscosity etc. and can selecting according to application target suitably.For example, it can preferably include the triethyleneglycol ester, vinyl toluene copolymer, alkyl aromatic thing, benzodihydropyran-indenes, depolymerization natural rubber, polybutene of pentaerythritol ester, the Foral of ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, poly-butadiene, halogenation poly-butadiene, polyisoprene, polyisoprene-butadiene copolymer, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, SB, synthetic polyterpene, thermoplastic olefin, Foral etc.They can use separately or use with two or more bond.Equally, be not particularly limited the mol wt of such material, but its preferably about 500-5000 is a number-average molecular weight.
Under the situation of using the aquaseal basis material, particle-filled amount is not particularly limited and can selects according to application target suitably, but it preferably is not less than 0.1% (volume ratio).
When in tire according to the present invention, arranging a large amount of particle 3, can with substantially not the liquid of swollen particles pantostrat further join inside tires.By adding such liquid, can in tyre injury, more strengthen the function of sealing damaged portion with the range ability of further prolongation after tire.
That is, since basic for the spheroidal particle flowing power higher and can be easily ingress port by having little internal diameter fill in that assembly of tire and rim is inner as the tire tube valve that is used for tire etc.On the other hand, when tyre injury, particle is assembled to spray suddenly towards outside tires in damaged portion at the inner face of damaged portion.Yet, damage path from the damaged portion inner face to the tire outer circumference surface is not straight and demonstrate complicated form, make from the damage opening of the tire inner face with the upper channel process, checked enter and therefore particle assemble to adopt these particles sealing damaged portion at the damaged portion inner face at squeezed state.In the case, when liquid is joined inside tires with particle, according to avidity with liquid viscosity is several can assemble between particle surface and liquid to several thousand particles, make instantaneous employing in tyre injury, to adopt the particle agglomeration close the defective parts.
In addition, compare with particle, the liquid specific gravity that add is obviously bigger, makes that it greatly is distributed on the inside face of tire protector part by rotating the centnifugal force of following with common run duration.This shows that from common time of run it is neighbouring as big relatively aggregation that a large amount of particles are present in tire protector part inner face.Therefore, when tire owing to crossing foreign matter etc. and damage, more most of particle that green phase is assembled big quantity of fluid seals damaged portion rapidly, it is unusual actv..
In addition, for obtaining the particle-filled tire of employing and liquid mixing, considering to produce has following lime light.
That is, preferably the high flow state or with liquid mixing before drying regime go into tire with particle-filled.With particle and liquid mixing to form previous described aggregation.Reason for this reason is very low and be difficult to be packed into tire with the particle flow of liquid mixing.Therefore, by being applied on the tire inner face liquid or the method on the wheel rim inner face before filling, or by liquid being poured into assembly of tire and rim in-to-in method particle-filled after, the mixing of liquid is effective and determine.
The liquid that requirement will add has following performance: its special swelling is particle continuous phase or do not cause and its chemical reaction as the aforementioned, with preferably do not cause to the swelling of inside liner or chemical reaction and further it operating heat is generated is stable etc.The aliphatic multivalence alcohol that for example can mention silicone oil, represent by diethanol and propylene glycol etc.
As Fig. 2 institute method, assembly of tire and rim can further comprise can be by stimulating and the expansion particle 10 of expanding volume at its in-to-in.Expansion particle 10 is not particularly limited, unless volume can be expanded by stimulation, but it preferably includes foaming agent and coats the shell of the gas that produces by expanding at airtight attitude foaming agent.Equally, stimulation is not particularly limited, but comprises heat (heat release, heat absorption), pressure, vibration etc.Thrust by foreign matter such as nail etc. and cause and cause more substantial heat by friction when continuing the operation of tire under the state of damage when causing, make preferably heat (particularly heat release).
The identical of the gas that foaming agent is interior with being used for the airtight abscess of particle is selected from least a of following material with comprising: nitrogen, air, the straight chain with 2-8 carbon and branched aliphatic hydrocarbon and fluoride thereof, the clicyclic hydrocarbon with 2-8 carbon and fluoride thereof and the ether compound of being represented by following general formula (I):
R 1-O-R 2…(I)
(R wherein 1And R 2Each be to have the monovalent hydrocarbon residue of 1-5 carbon and can be satisfied hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and the structure that can contain straight chain or branched structure and comprise ring).
As foaming agent, can use pyrolysis foaming agent, high pressure compressed gas, liquefied gas etc.Especially, preferably produce the pyrolysis foaming agent of gas by pyrolysis.As the pyrolysis foaming agent, mention the two benzenesulfonyl hydrazines (OBSH) of dinitropentamethylenetetramine (DPT), Celogen Az (ADCA), p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazine (TSH) and derivant thereof and oxygen.They can use separately or use with two or more bond.As high pressure compressed gas, mention nitrogen, air, carbon dioxide etc.As liquefied gas, mention propane, butane, pentane, cyclopropane, tetramethylene, cyclopentance etc.
In addition, foaming agent preferably is being not less than under 100 ℃ the temperature, preferably begins to expand being not less than under 120 ℃ the temperature.That is, in the sufficient tire, the situation of internal pressure above 100 ℃ seldom has, although it depends on environmental conditions under internal pressure.On the other hand, thrusting when tire under the state of foreign matter such as nail etc., even when moving, such situation can be arranged under-20 ℃ external environment condition, promptly the temperature part around the residue foreign matter is elevated to and is not less than 100 ℃.For in addition under any environmental conditions, expand for certain, therefore, the beginning temperature that expands preferably is not less than 100 ℃.
The granularity of expansion particle is not particularly limited, but is being 1-200 μ m by the particle mean size before the foaming and intumescing, preferably about 1-40 μ m.When on the expansion particle particle mean size of above scope being arranged, the volumetric expansion ratio height, and they carry out the contact surface between foreign matter and the damaged portion easily and are sealed in the effect in space in the damaged portion and prevent the effect excellence that internal pressure reduces.When particle mean size during less than 1 μ m, even reach expansion, from cubic expansion effect viewpoint, effect is less, and when it surpassed 200 μ m, particle was difficult to enter the contact surface between foreign matter and the tire.Equally, the expansion particle preferably begins to have the cubic expansion ability that is not less than 5 times under the temperature in above expansion.When expandability during less than 5 times, if expand particle in the contact surface between foreign matter and tire, the power in space in the sealing contact surface (directly promoting the power of foreign matter surface or tire contact surface) lacks and is difficult to obtain enough sealing effectivenesss.
In the assembly of tire and rim shown in Fig. 1 or 2, when will be substantially being not more than 0.1 particle and filling with the aquaseal basis material for spherical under atmospheric pressure average body proportion, can use average body proportion to be not more than 0.3 particle altogether, condition is that it tends to reduction according to internal pressure in the tyre injury, guarantees by the minimum operation that only seals damaged portion rather than charging pressure requirement.In the case, latter's particle can be arranged in fabricate block inside and make and be not less than 0.2% (volume), preferably be not less than 0.5% (volume), more preferably be not less than 1.0% (volume), be not less than 5.0% (volume) especially at atmospheric volume.
For guaranteeing purpose by the minimum operation that only seals the damaged portion requirement, if number of particles satisfies with bound, can be controlled at the tyre injury quick reduction of internal pressure afterwards, but it is said that enough is to consider the driving comfort that accompanies with the increase of assembly of tire and rim weight and the deterioration of driving performance, and cost, arrange particle with the quantity of 20% (volume).
In addition, under atmospheric pressure average body proportion is not more than a large amount of particles 3 of 0.1, they are arranged in according to assembly of tire and rim of the present invention inside, can comprise that diameter under atmospheric pressure is not less than 10 μ m but less than the particle 3a of 1mm, diameter is not less than 1mm but is not less than 5mm but less than the particle 3c of 5cm, shown in Fig. 3 is concise and to the point less than the particle 3b of 5mm and diameter.In addition, Fig. 3 shows that turgidly the diameter of three kinds of particles and the diameter in the particle compare those that also unnecessarily follow explanation.
Promptly, when tyre injury, for example, when foreign matter such as nail etc. by inside tires with immediately when it comes off, less relatively by the open wound that foreign matter forms, make to require diameter to be used to adopt the open wound of particle 3 sealings less than the relative small size particles 3a of 1mm.
On the other hand, when in long-time, not coming off when staying by the foreign matter of inside tires in the tire, greatly grow by the open wound that foreign matter forms, make to have such situation, can not sufficiently only adopt the particle 3a sealing open wound of diameter less than 1mm.Therefore, mix preferably that diameter is not less than 1mm but less than the particle 3b of 5mm.
In addition, when cause to kerb by the sidewall sections that promotes tire than macrolesion the time, maybe when causing so-called side otch, the size of open wound extends to, and for example, is the 5cm of minimum diameter.For in addition exploitation is to the seal ability of open wound certainly in such macrolesion, effectively diameter is not less than 5mm but less than the particle 3c of 5cm.
Be not less than 5mm as diameter but, advantageously use the following elasticity of compression object of mentioning in detail less than the particle 3c of 5cm.Elasticity of compression object is illustrated in the object that changes volume and produce stress and have restorability when compression discharges in the compression.That is, preferred compressed elastomeric objects ducted body and the gas or the composite material that are included in the ducted body.Equally, all multiple elasticity of compression objects can comprise the gas in the ducted body or comprise composite material in the ducted body.In addition, a part of multiple elasticity of compression object can comprise that gas in the ducted body and remainder comprise the composite material in the ducted body.In addition, the ducted body of each kind, the gaseous species and the composite material kind that are included in the multiple elasticity of compression object can be one or more.
Ducted body in the elasticity of compression object can have the restorability that spontaneously ducted body self is converted to a certain given shape.Especially, discussed in more detail below when comprising gas in inside, ducted body effectively has automatic recovery ability.The gas permeation constant of ducted body under 30 ℃ is preferably 10 -10-10 -9(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
Particularly, ducted body preferably is selected from following material and is formed by at least a: polyolefin, thermoplastic polyurethane and contain the rubber composition of butyl base rubber.Especially, the thermoplastic polyurethane that preferably has extensibility.As polyolefin, can mention polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene/polyethylene and ethylene copolymers etc. and polyethylene preferably wherein.As butyl base rubber, can mention halide, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber of isobutylene/p-methylstyrene copolymer etc.
In addition, the thickness of ducted body is 10-200 μ m, preferably 20-100 μ m and wherein air inclusion or composite material.In ducted body, comprise and to use all gases under the situation of gas.For example, advantageously use the gas with high stability, it comprises normal air or has the air of regulating oxygen partial pressure and/or nitrogen.Under the situation of using air and nitrogen, can adopt any mixture ratio.On the other hand, when comprising composite material in ducted body inside, it preferably includes poly-mer and continuous abscess.
Poly-mer as constituting composite material can mention the poly-mer, polyolefin and the elastic body that contain polar functional group in their molecule, but it is not limited to this.As the poly-mer that in its molecule, contains polar functional group, can mention polyurethane, melamine resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, acrylonitrile based polymer, acrylic polymer, inclined to one side chlorine divinyl poly-mer, acrylonitrile/styrene resin and alkide resin.
As acrylonitrile polymer, can mention acrylonitrile polymer, acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate copolymer.As acrylic polymer, can mention polymethyl methacrylate resin, methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer, methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile copolymers and methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile terpolymer.As the vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol, can mention vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer.As polyolefin, can mention polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene/polyethylene and ethylene copolymers etc. and polyethylene preferably wherein.As elastic body, can mention halide, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber etc. and the thermoplastic elastomer such as the s-B-S copolymer etc. of vulcanizable elastomer such as isobutylene/p-methylstyrene copolymer.
In addition, the poly-mer that constitutes composite material preferably contains the poly-mer of polar functional group, optimization polyurethane in its molecule.
Can be suitably according to using or using in the selections composite materials such as purpose of tire continuously the size of abscess and be not particularly limited.Yet when the size of continuous abscess was too big, it tended to worsen the durability of composite material self.
In addition, composite material density under atmospheric pressure is preferably 0.012-0.12g/cm 3, preferred 0.015-0.06g/cm 3When density was too high, it tended to increase tire weight, and when density too hour, it tends to worsen the durability of composite material.
On the other hand, when composite material was made up of foaming body, expansion ratio under atmospheric pressure was preferably 10-100 doubly, and preferred 20-80 doubly.When expansion ratio was too low, it tended to increase tire weight, and when expansion ratio was too high, it tended to worsen the durability of composite material.
As used herein the volume of each elasticity of compression object can be suitably according to purpose and application choice be not particularly limited, but its diameter is preferably the scope of above-mentioned particle diameter.In addition, multiple elasticity of compression object uses at this, but their volume can be identical or different.
The preparation of elasticity of compression object is not particularly limited and can comprises, follows first kind to the 4th kind method.First kind relates to the production method of the elasticity of compression object that is included in composite material in the ducted body and the production method that the 4th kind of method relates to the elasticity of compression object that is included in gas in the ducted body to the third method.
First method is such method, bag shape ducted body wherein is provided and composite material is placed on its neutralization to close bag opening portion of shape ducted body thereafter.The method for closing of opening portion depends on the material of ducted body use etc., but can comprise, for example, and interior heating system such as diathermic heating technology, ultrasonic sealing technology etc. and outer heating system such as heat seal technology, pulsation sealing technology etc.
In the second approach, provide bag shape ducted body and foamable composite is placed on wherein.Foamable composite is the composite that forms composite material after a while.Thereafter, the ducted body that will comprise foamable composite is arranged in mould etc. and moulding.
The third method is such method, wherein foamable composite is placed on neutralize moulding then and expansions such as mould.In the case, be produced as outermost unexpansive layer corresponding to ducted body by expansion.
The 4th kind of method is such method, and bag shape ducted body and blanketing gas and close bag opening portion of shape ducted body thereafter therein wherein are provided.As the method for closing opening portion, can use above-mentioned a kind of method.
In addition, but when expanded material when the composite material, preferably use the method for foaming agent.As foaming agent, can mention the pyrolysis foaming agent, high pressure compressed gas, liquefied gas etc. that produce gas by pyrolysis.
Especially, a large amount of pyrolysis foaming agents have the characteristic that produces nitrogen, and the feasible composite material that obtains by the reaction of the such pyrolysis foaming agent of suitable control comprises nitrogen in its infusion.
Equally, but when expanded material, particularly isocyanurate foam can be mentioned such method when the composite material, and wherein water produces titanium dioxide gas as foaming agent with by water and reaction as a kind of isocyanates of monomer.In addition, can mention physical method, inertia wherein is by adopting reacting heat evaporation low boiling point solvent in poly-mer forms etc.
About the seal ability of above open wound, the seal strip 11 that advantageously many maximum gauges is not less than 2cm is arranged in inside tires with a large amount of particles 3, as shown in Figure 4.That is, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyolefin resin, nylon based resin etc. can be applicable to seal strip 11, but is not particularly limited in this.
Can open the sealing of wound by in tire, placing many seal strips 11 for certain, this be since seal strip 11 equally as above-mentioned particle 3a-3c.In the embodiment of Fig. 4, diameter is shown as particle 3 less than the relative small size particles of 1mm, but seal strip 11 can be arranged in the particles mixture with various sizes shown in Figure 3.That is, except that the relative small size particles of diameter less than 1mm, diameter is not less than 1mm but less than the particle of 5mm, diameter be not less than 5mm but less than the particle of 5cm arbitrary or both can be arranged in the tire.
Equally, in tire, arranging seal strip, in the wheel rim assembling and the method that is joining in the tire before being fixed on the tyre bead simple, but this is not limited thereto.In the assembly of tire and rim after on being fixed to wheel rim, can fill the seal strip that before mixes with above particle group.
In detail explain the method that as Fig. 1-4 shown in to various assembly of tire and rim apply given internal pressure thereafter.
Can obtain to have the assembly of tire and rim of said structure by the particle that filling contains abscess, wherein be higher than under the atmospheric pressure environment, in the assembly of tire and rim inside under being in hyperbaric environment, the internal pressure in the airtight abscess is controlled to given range.
At first, contain the abscess particle by what heating and swollen resin particle produced substantially spherical, resin particle each by coatings such as foaming agent such as liquefied gas.As shown in Figure 5, a large amount of abscess particles that contain that obtain like this are stored in the withstand voltage hold tank 20, employing is at the filling hold tanks such as nitrogen that are not less than under the more high pressure of 150kPa, with assembly of tire and rim 21 is connected to hold tank 20 and the abscess particle gas in jar that contains in hold tank is transferred to the inside of assembly of tire and rim 21 to contain the filling of abscess particle by transfer device.
As the transfer device that is used to contain the abscess particle, can mention such method, wherein hold tank 20 is connected to the ingress port 21a that is arranged on the assembly of tire and rim 21 by pipeline 22, with will be from being connected to membrane pump 24 separating the pipeline 23 that the outlet port 21b that arranges under 180 ° the position extends with the ingress port 21a of assembly of tire and rim 21, as shown in Figure 5.In the continuous path that forms like this, when membrane pump 24 being started, can abscess particle guiding assembly of tire and rim inside will be contained at hold tank 20 in-to-ins with the suction logistics shown in the arrow in forming by pipeline 22 and 23.
In the case, will be by gas but not by containing on the outlet port 21b that the filter 25 that steeps particle is connected to assembly of tire and rim 21, as shown in Figure 6, or will be arranged in the connecting bridge of pipeline 23 similar in appearance to above filter 26, therefore as shown in Figure 7, only with the outside of gas channeling assembly of tire and rim 21 with can stay the inside of assembly of tire and rim 21 with containing the abscess particle.
On the other hand, pipeline in the double pipe structure shown in Figure 8 27 is connected to ingress port 21a and in assembly of tire and rim, do not arrange outlet port 21b, therefore can gas is provided and contain the particle of abscess and can suck gas in the tire by interior pipe 27a by outer tube 27b.
Under any circumstance, the filling that contains the abscess particle is drawn into the outside with gas in the tire etc. simultaneously, but can contain the filling of abscess particle and do not suck gas in the tire.Yet the small size that is not more than 1mm in the filling particle mean size contains under the situation of abscess particle, needs to inhale the air of putting in the tire and is used to avoid near the obstruction by this like-particles of ingress port.Concomitantly, can change the transfer rate that contains the abscess particle according to intake quantity.
As by shown in the arrow among Fig. 5 28, will be from the gas channeling of membrane pump 24 dischargings to the annular closed system of hold tank 20 to form " hold tank → assembly of tire and rim → hold tank → ".In the case, the filling that advantageously contains the abscess particle keeps the inside of such system at pressurized state simultaneously.
Promptly, when be filled in assembly of tire and rim inside in the hold tank 20 high pressure lower compression more contain the abscess particle time, if pressure inside forwards barometric pressure to, the restoring force of volume works and is pushed on the tire inner face and therefore produces tension force with the particle that will contain abscess in tire.This tire tension force is the greatest factor of the various tyre performances of development and plays air in common pneumatic tyre.
The object of the invention is to compress the restoring force that contains the abscess particle and carries out containing about what the safety tyre performance can be provided that abscess is particle-filled goes into the various researchs of assembly of tire and rim in-to-in, adopt above the work simultaneously in order to keep having set up above method by performance and result that tire requires.
That in addition, adopts not compression contains or not housing tension force and have following shortcoming of the particle-filled tire of abscess.
At first, for input as tractive force in service, braking force, the rigidity of side force etc. definitely lacks, and makes behavior and the tire that can not stablize vehicle can not be called safety tyre.
Secondly, the deflection of road is become contain abscess particles Deformation amount in big and the tire and increase.This promotes heat to generate according to the hysteretic loss that contains the abscess particle but also promotes to contain breaking or creep of abscess particle.
In the present invention, need arrange the ingress port 21a and the outlet port 21b that is used for extraneous air that is used to contain the abscess particle shown in Figure 54 in the tire with plural number.In addition, preferred ingress port and outlet port are present in respect to the symmetric position on the circumference of tire S. A..Because, contain the abscess particle and tend to fill (merging) near ingress port and outlet port with high density, make uneven homogenize contain the weight distribution of abscess particle to cause inhomogeneity deterioration.This induces the generation of vibrating during the tire rotation, and it causes the driving comfort, the deterioration of driving stability and tyre evenness.As solving this inconvenient countermeasure, effectively arranging ingress port and outlet port with respect to the symmetric position of tire S. A..
As improving inhomogeneity another measure, it is actv. to the method that tire applies vibration that filling contains the abscess particle while.This promotes to contain moving of abscess particle by applying of vibration and makes can avoid being merged into privileged site and wish to have by applying of vibration and avoid in the inner tube of a tyre effect by the obstruction of powder.
In addition, the possibility of bringing the increase (reduction of apparent volume) that contains the particle-filled density of abscess and existing that applies of vibration is to form the space of not containing the abscess particle in inside tires.That therefore, advantageously vibrates in filling applies.
As the technology that applies vibration, can use anchor clamps, the wheel cap 31 that ball vibrator that anchor clamps can connect simply or separate and be made by Exxen Corporation 30 is fixing rotates to the fabricate block 21 of tire 1 and wheel rim 2 by pressurized air with steel ball, as shown in Figure 9.Equally, can use the vibration of strike type to apply machine.
Such vibration applying mechanism can directly be arranged on the assembly of tire and rim as separable mechanism, or to be arranged in the side of filling device as articles holding table 32 (see figure 9)s that keep assembly of tire and rim etc.
As shown, for example, in Figure 10, the hold tank 20 that is used to contain the abscess particle comprises first jar of 20a and second jar of 20b, wherein will transfer to second jar of 20b and fill assembly of tire and rim from first jar of 20a and contain the abscess particle from the quantity that accurately weighs of second jar of 20b to the abscess particle that contains of the measurement of determined number.In the case, because it has the large scale that is used to lay in lot of materials, first jar of 20a is unsuitable for accurately weighing, and makes preferably function of weighing to be provided to second jar of 20b.That is, can obtain accurate loading in the following way: weigh in advance containing the abscess particle and they are transferred to second jar of 20b and measure to determined number by being packed into the quantity that tire reduces.In the case, by for example, be placed on second jar of 20b on the balance 23 and carry out the filling under state like this and realize filling and weighing both.
In addition, hold tank preferably has pressure variation function and the pressure sensor that is used for adjustment pressure.That is, may change function by pressure and regulate pressure in the hold tank, fill be adjusted to setting pressure contain the abscess particle.For example, as shown in figure 11, will introduce hold tank and can change pressure by regulating control 35 by the pressurized air of using air compressor 34 to obtain by on jar 20, arranging the valve (leaky valve) that is used to leak.
Owing to always provide the gas that is adjusted to required pressure by regulating control 35, even reduce pressure by the leakage in jar one side, pressure is increased to required numerical value automatically.In addition, arrange on leaky valve that preferably filter is not to shift out the particle that contains abscess from jar inside.
In the tire and rim combination that obtains like this, can provide necessary big envelope tension force to tire.That is, contain the particle of abscess rather than fill air in tire by arranging in inside tires, given tension force corresponding to inside tires pressure makes and sets up the new mode that applies internal pressure that is different from conventional approach.
According to the present invention, can be only by any tyre and any wheel rim are carried out change and the control that minimum process does not require tire construction, and provide new assembly of tire and rim.Even by crossing, for example, nail etc. and make the tire in such fabricate block bear outer damage are not easy to cause the reduction as the big envelope tension force in common pneumatic tyre.Because, when in tire, cause outer damage with from inside tires when pressure gas is scattered and disappeared in the outside, reduce around the pressure that contains the abscess particle, but increase volume to produce big envelope tension force again by the restoring force that compression contains the abscess particle.Therefore, do not take place as the state that pierces through in conventional pneumatic tyre.
Even when the size that contains the abscess particle hour, discharge the very low and problem of anti-damage under normal service condition not of the possibility that contains the abscess particle from outer damage to outside tires.
Now, tire is to be installed to product on the vehicle by various markets from their maker.Mainly contain such situation, tire is provided and is installed on the new car and such situation by the automaker to the automaker from tiremaker, the owner of vehicle obtains tire from tire distributor shop, and making has many party concerneies that tire is provided.
Owing to internal pressure is applied to conventional tire by medium such as air, can carry out fills with air in any position, make the sealing of tire self enough provide system as tire.Yet wherein containing the assembly of tire and rim prerequisite that the abscess particle applies internal pressure by filling is the filling that contains the abscess particle, makes that urgent task is to set up to aim to adopt the supply system that contains the particle-filled tire of abscess.
The inventor has conscientiously studied and has been suitable for adopting the supply measure that contains the particle-filled tire of abscess and finds following Supply Method and the method for servicing that accompanies with it.
At first, following method (A)-(C) is advantageously used for the Supply Method that employing contains the particle-filled tire of abscess.
(A) transfer in its supply party concerned's the process employing being contained the particle-filled assembly of tire and rim of abscess, will comprise that the assembly of tire and rim internal regulation that contains the abscess particle is to setting pressure.The method is suitable for such situation, be used for promising that the internal pressure that makes the airtight abscess that contains the abscess particle arrives the enough time of given internal pressure up to arriving the supply party concerned, for example, following situation: the supply party concerned is remote etc., particularly following situation: assembly of tire and rim is exported to various overseas countries.
(B) employing being contained after the particle-filled assembly of tire and rim of abscess is adjusted to setting pressure, such assembly of tire and rim is transferred to the supply party concerned.The method is suitable for having the following situation than high likelihood: the internal pressure that may in the constant time, store assembly of tire and rim airtight abscess in containing the abscess particle at least reach setting pressure and thereafter tire user obtain and use such assembly of tire and rim immediately.
(C) particle transfer that will contain abscess to the supply party concerned be used for the assembly of tire and rim under the setting pressure environment under the stored condition and then wherein airtight abscess internal pressure remain on setting pressure under contain the particle-filled assembly of tire and rim of going into to be present in supply party concerned place of abscess or from the inside that contains the assembly of tire and rim that the abscess particle transfer opens of supplying party concerned's one side.That is, contain the filling of abscess particle in supply party concerned one side.For example, when the particle transfer that will contain abscess under stored condition under hyperbaric environment arrives the tire sales shop, also can the particle-filled assembly of tire and rim of going into to be installed in advance on the vehicle of abscess will be contained, be active assembly of tire and rim, therefore make can be again with conventional tire as safety tyre.The method is suitable for such situation, and tire user is wished to obtain at the scene and used according to assembly of tire and rim of the present invention, and wherein tire user can freely be selected tyre kind, the size of wheel, the combination of plate and design etc.
In addition, even before had assembly of tire and rim or only obtained tire or wheel rim is arbitrary when tire user, can provide, and made above method can satisfy client's various needs according to assembly of tire and rim of the present invention.
Secondly, about the chaufeur according to the vehicle of the arbitrary assembly of tire and rim that provides of above Supply Method (A)-(C) is installed, the embodiment of customer service is described.
In the enforcement of this service, at first on assembly of tire and rim, arrange internal pressure sensor, require vehicle to contain simultaneously and be useful on the end equipment that transmission package is drawn together the location information and the customizing messages of the information that relates to tire fault, as wireless installation, PHS, vehicular telephone, navigationsystem etc. with GPS (global positioning system) function.
In addition,, specifically mention the internal pressure of tire as " customizing messages " as used herein, vehicle location, vehicle class, tire size produces the fitting of tire position of fault etc.
When detecting the unusual reduction of internal pressure by internal pressure sensor, from end device transmission customizing messages.Preferably transmit this information automatically.
Then, the customizing messages of transmission is passed through the Communication Control part as telephone wire, satellite communications etc. are transferred to the information Control server, and the information Control server contains database section such as the tire service network that the service outlets location information that sale and maintenance tire are arranged is stored in preliminary election.
The information Control server of reception information is gathered the information of repair and maintenance garage and the repair and maintenance garage information of gathering is partly transmitted by Communication Control from database section the zone of positioned vehicle.
Information is transferred to chaufeur by the information transfer mechanism that provides together by the reception of end equipment with the repair and maintenance garage information of collection and the alarm of inside tires pressure reduction between the servicer of transmission on vehicle.The result is, chaufeur can be easily known between nearest servicer as tire sales workshop or tyre service factory and can directly be gone between nearest servicer apace from information transmitted.
As information transfer mechanism, can mention indication mechanism such as monitoring device etc., acoustic treatment such as sound etc.Especially, under the situation of the vehicle that contains navigationsystem, can be in the position that shows on the map between nearest servicer.
Equally, the information Control server can be transferred between the nearest servicer that collects by the customizing messages of Communication Control part with vehicle.In the case, advantage is can wait for the arrival of vehicle the such operator between servicer under following state: contain the abscess particle what the setting pressure lower compression was enough to replenish the internal pressure reduction.
Provide following embodiment with explanation the present invention with not as restriction.Embodiment 1-12, Comparative Examples 1-5
By apply have all size shown in table 1 and 2 particle to tire with structure shown in Figure 1, the preparation tire size is fabricate block and the truck that tire size is 11R22.5 and the communal automobile safety tyre of the passenger tyre of 175/70R13 and the wheel rim that is of a size of 5J * 13 and the fabricate block that is of a size of 750 * 22.5 wheel rims, shown in identical table.At this, tire 1 is the General Construction according to tyre kind interested and size.In addition, the kind of the resin combination of particle continuous phase is shown in table 3 in the formation table 1 and 2.With the resin particle heating that wherein coats gas composition as shown in table 3 with expand to form particle and under the various average body proportion shown in table 1 and 2, the particle that obtains like this to be joined inside tires.Similarly, the kind of inside liner rubber is shown in table 4.
At this, the inner volume of tire is determined by the volume that tyre and rim comprises in the table 1 and 2.Therefore, can determine the inner volume of tire in the following way from weight gain: tire sets is installed on the wheel rim and fill incompressible fluid as its inside by the time, therefore make water at this moment with known proportion.
Equally, measure the volume of use particle under atmospheric pressure according to following formula.
The average body proportion of particle of the particle total weight of the volume of use particle under atmospheric pressure=fill at tire/under atmospheric pressure
Tire about such acquisition, before tumbler test and afterwards, in the 5000km distance, the amount of deflection of measuring pulley under the following conditions: the bus safety tire is under 90km/h speed, operation and truck and city motor bus safety tyre are under 60km/h speed under the 3.53kN load, under 26.46kN load operation and before the tumbler test and the displacement of deflection afterwards (the tire height under loading before the operation-under loading after the operation tire height) to be expressed as based on the tire height before moving under loading be 100 index.Exponential quantity is more little, and the result is good more.
Now, the strength of bearing the anti-external force of expression of load is present in inside tires.This strength is produced by the air that is present in the tire in conventional tire, and it is produced by particle of filling in inside tires and the gas that is present in the particle surrounding space in tire according to the present invention.When both competed each other, tire kept original shapes and is in operation not causing fault, but when waiting the strength that reduces inside tires internally owing to air, tire is gradually by being out of shape to cause the deflection phenomenon from exterior strength.Air leakage internally is illustrated in air the spilling to outside tires that inside tires is filled under conventional pneumatic tyre situation, with represent that under the situation of tire gas abscess inside from particle spills to outside tires to particle or the exterior leakage of particle surrounding space and the gas that is present at first in the particle surrounding space according to the present invention.
Therefore, in the present invention, the increase of amount of deflection is than the indication that is expressed as the change that obtains the loading of tire supporting capacity in the tire.
In addition, to be installed at the passenger tyre after the above tumbler test on the passenger vehicle of 1500cc grade and with diameter be 3mm and length be the nail of 3cm from the tire protector outside by tyre surface to form outer damage, then with automobile in the measurement circuit process under the speed of 90km/h, under load-bearing capacity corresponding to four drive and passengers weights, move under the ultimate range of 300km, the utilized range ability that is not less than 200km during this period is successful.On the other hand, by being that 5mm and length are that the nail of 8cm passes by tyre surface from the tire protector outside with diameter, to bear outer damage at the tire of truck after the above tumbler test and city motor bus, the official installs on the truck then, it is in the measurement circuit process, under 60km/h speed, under 100% load, move under the ultimate range of 100km, the utilized range ability that is not less than 40km during this period is successful.
These result of a measurement also see Table 1 and 2.
Table 1
Comparative Examples 1 Comparative Examples 2 Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Comparative Examples 3 Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5 Embodiment 6 Embodiment 7
Constitute the kind of hollow-particle composite ??- No.1 No.1 ??No.2 ??No.3 ????No.4 ????No.5 ????No.6 ????No.7 ????No.8
Under atmospheric pressure the volume of the hollow-particle of Shi Yonging (1) ( *1) ??- 18.9 18.9 ??18.9 ??18.9 ????18.9 ????18.9 ????18.9 ????18.9 ????18.9
The kind of gas fraction in the abscess ??- Propane Propane Cyclopropane Hexane Nitrogen Nitrogen Isobutane Isopentane Isobutane
Average body proportion (g/cc) ??- 0.05 0.05 ??0.06 ??0.09 ??5 ????0.11 ????0.06 ????0.022 ????0.019 ????0.023
Initial inside tires pressure (near the pressure the hollow-particle: kPa) ( *2) ??300 140 150 ??180 ??200 ????200 ????250 ????300 ????300 ????300
The kind of liner rubber ??A A A ??A ??A ????A ????A ????B ????B ????B
Before tumbler test and change the ratio of amount of deflection afterwards ??2.2 5.3 4.7 ??3.6 ??2.5 ????2.7 ????2.1 ????1.6 ????1.6 ????1.6
Utilized range ability after tyre injury (km) ( *3) 1.3km rupture of tire 170k m fault 220k m fault The 225km fault 205k m fault The 175km fault 240k m fault 300km moves fully 300km moves fully 300km moves fully
( *1) inner volume of tire: 21 liters, size: 175/70R13+ wheel rim: 5J-13
( *2) in tire, fill after the hollow-particle, regulate the tire inner volume and prevent that simultaneously particle from passing through the leakage of filter
( *3) range ability that is not less than 200km is successful
Table 2
Comparative Examples 4 Comparative Examples 5 Embodiment 8 Embodiment 9 Embodiment 10 Embodiment 11 Embodiment 12
Constitute the kind of hollow-particle composite ??- ??No.1 ????No.1 ????No.5 ????No.6 ??No.7 ????No.8
Under atmospheric pressure the volume of the hollow-particle of Shi Yonging (1) ( *1) ??- ??114 ????114 ????114 ????114 ??114 ????114
The kind of gas fraction in the abscess ??- Propane Propane Nitrogen Isobutane Isopentane Isobutane
Average body proportion (g/cc) ??- ??0.05 ????0.05 ????0.06 ????0.022 ??0.019 ????0.023
Initial inside tires pressure (near the pressure the hollow-particle: kPa) ( *2) ??800 ??1000 ????900 ????800 ????800 ??800 ????800
The kind of liner rubber ??A ??A ????A ????A ????A ??A ????A
Before tumbler test and change the ratio of amount of deflection afterwards ??5.1 ??4.3 ????4.7 ????5.1 ????5.2 ??5.2 ????5.1
Utilized range ability after tyre injury (km) ( *3) 1.0km rupture of tire The 15km fault The 42km fault The 54km fault The 60km fault The 56km fault The 51km fault
( *1) inner volume of tire: 21 liters, size: IIR22.5, wheel rim: 750 * 22.5
( *2) in tire, fill after the hollow-particle, regulate the tire inner volume and prevent that simultaneously particle from passing through the leakage of filter
( *3) range ability that is not less than 40km is successful
Table 3
????No. The cmpd title of continuous phase Maker Trade mark Be included in the gas composition in the abscess Average body proportion (g/cc)
????1 Acrylonitrile polymer ??- Test products Propane ??0.05
????2 Acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers ??- Test products Cyclopropane ??0.06
????3 Vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile terpolymer ??- Test products Hexane ??0.095
????4 Acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers ??- Test products Celogen Az ??0.11
????5 Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer ??- Test products Celogen Az ??0.06
????6 Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer ??Aquzo-N ??ovel ??Corp. ????EXPANCEL ????053 Isobutane ??0.022
????7 Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile terpolymer ??Aquzo-N ??ovel ??Corp. ????EXPANCEL ????091 Isopentane ??0.019
????8 Vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer ??Aquzo-N ??ovel ??Corp. ????EXPANCEL ????461 Isobutane ??0.023
Table 4
The kind of liner rubber ????A ????B
(by Atochem.Co., Ltd. makes nylon 11: Rilsan BMNO) ????- ????8
Nylon 6/66 copolymer (is made by Toray Industries Inc.: Amilan CM6001) ????- ????32
Nylon 6/66 copolymer (is made by Toray Industries Inc.: Amilan CM6041) ????- ????-
Br-IPMS(Exxon?Chemical?Co.，Ltd.：EXXPRO?89-4) ????- ????60
HNBR(Nippon?Zeon?Co.，Ltd.：Zetpol?1020) ????- ????-
(Malaysia makes ENR: 50% epoxy natural rubber) ????- ????-
NR ????- ????-
BR ????- ????-
Butyl rubber (JSR BUTYL 065) ????100 ????-
Carbon black (Tokai Carbon, Co., Ltd, Seast V) ????70 ????-
Bobbin oil ????11 ????-
Stearic acid ????0.5 ????0.6
Zinc stearate ????- ????1.2
Magnesium oxide (Kamishima Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) ????1.0 ????-
Altax (Kawaguchi Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.ACCELDM) ????1.0 ????-
Coumarone indene resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Cumarone NG) ????10.0 ????-
Zinc white ????0.5 ????0.3
Captax (Ouchi-Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd.NOCCELER M) ????- ????-
Accelerator TT (Ouchi-Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd.NOCCELER TT) ????- ????-
Diphenylguanidine PG (Ouchi-Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd.NOCCELER D, D-T) ????0.1 ????-
Vulcanization accelerator (Ouchi-Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd.NOCCELER NS-F) ????- ????-
Powdery sulphur ????1.0 ????-
The method that adds crosslinking agent Compounding rubber Compounding rubber
Gelation is than (%) ????- ????83
Gas permeation constant (10 -12cc·cm/cm 2·s·cmHg) ????200 ????11
The measurement of gas permeation constant:
Model MT-C3 by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho manufacturing
JIS?K7126(1987)
(test method (A-method) of gas permeation in plastic film and sheet) embodiment 13-23, Comparative Examples 6-9
By apply have all size shown in the table 5 particle to tire with structure shown in Figure 1, and the preparation tire size is the bus safety tire of 205/60R15 and is of a size of the fabricate block of the wheel rim of 6J * 15, as shown in the identical table.Equally, by applying the fabricate block that the particle with all size shown in the table 6 prepares truck and the bus tyre that tire size is 11R22.6 and is of a size of 750 * 22.5 wheel rim.At this, tire 1 is the General Construction according to tyre kind interested and size.In addition, the resin combination of particle continuous phase is shown in above table 3 in the formation table 5 and 6.To wherein coat the resin particle heating of gas composition shown in the table 3 and expand to form particle and under volume packing ratio shown in table 5 and 6, the particle that obtains like this to be joined inside tires.Similarly, the rubber kind that is used for inside liner is shown in above table 4.
Tire about such acquisition, measure the amount of deflection of tire in the mode identical with embodiment 1, therefrom before the tumbler test and the displacement of deflection afterwards (the tire height under loading before the operation-under loading after the operation tire height) to be expressed as based on the tire height before moving under loading be 100 index.Exponential quantity is more little, and the result is good more.Equally, with embodiment 1 in identical mode, by given nail is outside by tyre surface from tire protector, each tire after the tumbler test is carried out measuring available range ability after the outer damage.
The result who measures also is shown in table 5 and 6.
Table 5
Comparative Examples 6 Comparative Examples Embodiment 13 Embodiment 14 Embodiment 15 Comparative Examples 16 Embodiment 17 Embodiment 18 Embodiment 19
Constitute the kind of hollow-particle composite ????- ????No.1 ????No.1 ????No.2 ????No.3 ????No.4 ????No.6 ????No.7 ????No.8
The volume of the hollow-particle of Shi Yonging (1) under atmospheric pressure ????- ????21.28 ????22.80 ????30.40 ????36.48 ????24.32 ????33.44 ????33.44 ????45.60
The kind of gas fraction in the abscess ????- Propane Propane Cyclopropane Hexane Nitrogen Isobutane Isopentane Isobutane
Average body proportion (g/cc) ( *1) ????- ????70 ????75 ????100 ????120 ????80 ????110 ????110 ????150
Proportion is not less than 0.79 components contents (% (mass ratio)) in the hollow-particle ????- ????16.0 ????16.0 ????16.2 ????16.2 ????16.1 ????16.3 ????16.3 ????16.3
The kind of liner rubber ????A ????A ????A ????A ????A ????B ????B ????B ????B
Initial inside tires pressure (kPa) ( *2) ????300 ????300 ????300 ????300 ????300 ????150 ????280 ????270 ????270
Before tumbler test and change the ratio of amount of deflection afterwards ????2.3 ????2.3 ????2.3 ????2.3 ????2.5 ????2.3 ????2.3 ????2.3 ????2.7
Utilized range ability after tyre injury (km) ( *3) 1.5km rupture of tire The 160km fault 300km moves fully 300km moves fully The 250km fault 300km moves fully The 285km fault The 260km fault The 225km fault
( *1) inner volume of tire: 30.4 liters
( *2) in tire, fill after the hollow-particle, regulate the tire inner volume and prevent that simultaneously particle from passing through the leakage of filter
( *3) range ability that is not less than 200km is successful.
Table 6
Comparative Examples 8 Comparative Examples 9 Embodiment 20 Embodiment 21 Embodiment 22 Embodiment 23
Constitute the kind of hollow-particle composite ????- ????No.1 ????No.1 ????No.6 ????No.7 ????No.8
The volume of the hollow-particle of Shi Yonging (1) under atmospheric pressure ????- ????84 ????90 ????102 ????120 ????144
The kind of gas fraction in the abscess ????- Propane Propane Isobutane Isopentane Isobutane
Average body proportion (g/cc) ( *1) ????- ????70 ????75 ????85 ????100 ????120
Proportion is not less than 0.79 components contents (% (mass ratio)) in the hollow-particle ????- ????16.0 ????16.1 ????16.2 ????16.2 ????16.1
The kind of liner rubber ????A ????A ????A ????A ????A ????A
Initial inside tires pressure (kPa) ( *2) ????800 ????800 ????800 ????800 ????800 ????800
Before tumbler test and change the ratio of amount of deflection afterwards ????5.2 ????4.2 ????4.7 ????4.8 ????4.5 ????4.2
Utilized range ability after tyre injury (km) ( *3) 1.0km rupture of tire The 18km fault The 60km fault The 65km fault The 56km fault The 43km fault
( *1) inner volume of tire: 21 liters, size: IIR22.5, wheel rim: 750 * 22.5
( *2) in tire, fill after the hollow-particle, regulate the tire inner volume and prevent that simultaneously particle from passing through the leakage of filter
( *3) range ability that is not less than 40km is successful embodiment 24-33, and het expansion begins the measurement of temperature in the Comparative Examples 10-11[particle]
It is to measure the temperature that the displacement displacement constantly of expanding raises under the following conditions that het expansion in the table 8 begins temperature.
Instrument: Nishizawa PERKIN-ELMER 7 series
(hot analysis system)
Measuring condition: the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature of measuring beginning is 25 ℃, measuring the temperature that stops is 200 ℃
Measure physical quantities: the measurement of the expansion displacement by heating
The result of a measurement that the het expansion that is used for each particle of the present invention begins temperature sees Table 8.[measurement of assembly of tire and rim inner volume]
Measurement according to following interpretation of programs assembly of tire and rim inner volume.
Program 1-1: under atmospheric pressure in assembly of tire and rim, fill incompressible fluid with known proportion such as water etc. and remain on simultaneously not to it and apply the state of load and measure weight after filling with the initial inner volume V of acquisition assembly of tire and rim 0(liter).
By above program, the initial inner volume of under atmospheric pressure assembly of tire and rim measured be tire initial pressure under the no load condition.
Program 2-1: the air of filling room temperature keeps not applying the state of load to obtain given internal pressure P to assembly of tire and rim simultaneously 2Simultaneously, by internal pressure expansion tire and therefore with initial inner volume V 0Compare the inner volume V under given internal pressure 2Increase.
Program 2-2: measure the barometric pressure air discharged volume V1 by opening tire valve down by integrating flowmeter.At this moment, will expand into V by internal pressure 2Tyre revolution get back to initial inner volume V 0In addition, by Shinagawa Seiki Co., DCDRY gas table DC-2C that Ltd. makes and intelligent counter SSF are as integrating flowmeter.
Program 2-3: determine tire inner volume under given internal pressure by following formula (1):
P 1×(V 0+V 1)＝P 2×V 2……(1)
V wherein 0The lining beginning inner volume (liter) of=assembly of tire and rim
P 1=barometric pressure (absolute pressure: kPa)
V 1Volume of air under the=barometric pressure (liter)
P 2=given internal pressure (absolute pressure: kPa)
V 2=zero load the inner volume (liter) that is set to the assembly of tire and rim of given internal pressure down
By above program, measure the zero load inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under each internal pressure down.
Program 3-1: the air of filling room temperature keeps not applying the state of load to obtain given internal pressure P to assembly of tire and rim simultaneously 2
Program 3-2: under the constant load assembly of tire and rim being pushed on the road surface etc. to measure internal pressure P by pressure sensor 3Owing to make tire deflects by applying above load, with the inner volume V of assembly of tire and rim under the state that does not apply load 2Compare, at the inner volume V that assembly of tire and rim under the load condition is arranged 3Reduce.By such reduction effect of inner volume, with tire internal pressure P under the state that does not apply load 2Compare, in the inside tires pressure P that has under the load condition 3Increase.In addition, the pressure sensor of being made by Copal Denshi Co.Ltd. that contains amplifier PA-400-353G is used as pressure sensor.
Program 3-3: according to program 2-1 to 2-3 and following formula (2), by under given internal pressure, the inner volume V of assembly of tire and rim under the state that does not apply load 2, measure at the inner volume V that gives constant load lower whorl tire-wheel rim fabricate block 3:
P 2×V 2＝P 3×V 3……(2)
P wherein 2=given internal pressure (absolute pressure: kPa)
V 2=zero load the inner volume (liter) that is set to the assembly of tire and rim of given internal pressure down
P 3=inside tires pressure (absolute pressure: kPa) in the time will being applied to the tire that is set to given internal pressure to constant load
V 3=the inner volume (liter) of assembly of tire and rim in the time will being applied to the tire that is set to given internal pressure to constant load
By above program, measure the zero load inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under each internal pressure down.Under each load, the result of a measurement of assembly of tire and rim inner volume sees Table 9 under each internal pressure.[inspection of tire effect]
By apply have all size shown in the table 7 particle to tire with structure shown in Figure 1, the preparation tire size is the bus safety tire of 175/70R13 and is of a size of the fabricate block of the wheel rim of 5J * 13.At this, tire 1 is the General Construction according to interested tyre kind and size.In addition, the resin combination of particle continuous phase is shown in table 8 in the formation table 7.To wherein coat the resin particle heating of gas composition shown in the table 8 and expand to form particle and under the packing ratio of volume shown in the table 7, the particle that obtains like this to be joined inside tires.In addition, the rubber kind of inside liner sees the above table 4.
Then, nitrogen being flowed into passenger tyre-wheel rim fabricate block kept at room temperature 20 days to 200kPa with such internal pressure to regulate internal pressure.The testing tire that obtains like this is installed on the passenger vehicle of 1500cc grade and then in 10 gradings by the suitable sense of driving of transport driver evaluation anti-vibration under internal pressure usually.In evaluation result, it is high more to count, and the result is good more.
The passenger vehicle of 1500cc grade be set to corresponding to the load-bearing capacity of four drive and passengers weights with testing tire be installed to its near front wheel on to measure axle weight at this wheel the near front wheel thereafter.The result is that the axle weight of the near front wheel is 3.92kN.Each up to four nails that for 5.0mm and length are 50mm pass through to from the testing tire tread surface its inside in place after, to confirm that inside tires pressure is reduced to barometric pressure, such tire is moved under 90km/h speed in the measurement circuit process, and temperature in the continuous gauging assembly of tire and rim and the pressure in the particle surrounding space are with the state of check development internal pressure restore funcitons during this period.In the assembly of tire and rim that will estimate, the internal pressure sensor of monitoring internal pressure introduced the inner face of wheel rim and by using normally used apomecometer to receive to measure the variation of internal pressure with the signal transmission of the take off data of internal pressure with by the receptor that is arranged in vehicle interior.Result of a measurement also sees Table 7.
In addition, measure rolling resistance by the inertia method, wherein test under the following conditions: inside tires pressure is 170kPa, and load is that to begin temperature be 100km and from the curved measurement of the reduction inertia rotary drum speed institute's work corresponding to tire drag for JIS100% load and inertia.It is 100 index that the result who measures is expressed as based on Comparative Examples 10 tires.Exponential quantity is more little, and rolling resistance is low more.These results also see Table 7.
Table 7-1
Comparative Examples 10 Comparative Examples 11 Embodiment 24 Embodiment 25 Embodiment 26 Embodiment 27
The kind of expandable resin composite ??- ????No.1 ??No.1 ??No.2 ??No.3 ??No.4
The volume of particle filled composite (liter) under atmospheric pressure ??- ????15.0 ??20.5 ??19.3 ??18.7 ??18.0
Liner rubber and kind ??A ????A ??A ??A ??A ??A
The index of rolling resistance ??100 ????100 ??100 ??100 ??100 ??100
The evaluation point of comfort is driven in anti-vibration ??5.0 ????6.0 ??6.5+ ??6.5 ??6.0+ ??6.0
Running state after tyre injury ??- ????- ??- ??- ??- ??-
Temperature in the operation beginning in the tire (℃) ??- ????27 ??27 ??28 ??28 ??27
Pressure (kPa) in the operation beginning in the tire ??- ????0 ??0 ??0 ??0 ??0
Maximum temperature in the run duration tire (℃) ??- ????64 ??155 ??152 ??148 ??145
Maximum pressure (kPa) in the run duration tire ??- ????0 ??215 ??208 ??185 ??154
The development of internal pressure restore funcitons (exist/not existing) ??- Do not exist Exist Exist Exist Exist
Available range ability (km) ??6 ????6 ??300 ??275 ??253 ??219
Table 8
??N ??o The cmpd title of continuous phase Maker Trade mark The temperature of beginning het expansion (℃) Proportion is not less than 0.79 deposited components content (% (mass ratio)) Be included in the gas composition in the abscess
??1 Acrylonitrile polymer ??- The test product ????125 ????8 Propane
??2 Acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers ??Matsumoto ??Yushi ??Seiyaku ??Co，.Ltd. ????F-77 ????108 ????5 Isobutane/2,2,4-trimethylpentane
??3 Acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers ??Matsumoto ??Yushi ??Seiyaku ??Co，.Ltd. ????F-79 ????117 ????6 Isobutane/2,2,4-trimethylpentane/isopentane
??4 Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer ??Aquzo-Nov ??el?Corp. ????EXPANCE ????L?053 ????101 ????16 Isobutane
??5 Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers ??Aquzo-Nov ??el?Corp. ????EXPANCE ????L?091 ????128 ????15 Isopentane
Table 9
The internal pressure of appointment: 200kPa in the vehicle
The axle load of vehicle: 3.92Kn
Tire size: 175/70R13, rim size: 5J-13
Internal pressure (kPa) during inner volume is measured The load of measuring (kN) The inner volume of assembly of tire and rim (liter)
Initial inner volume V 0 ????0 ????0 ????21.3
?V 2 ????200 ????0 ????22.7
?V 3(higher limit-1) ????200 ????3.92 ????22.4
?V 3(higher limit-2) ????200 ????4.7 ????22.3
?V 3(higher limit-3) ????200 ????5.88 ????22.1
?V 3(higher limit-4) ????200 ????7.84 ????21.8
?V 3(lower limit-1) ????0 ????7.84 15.9 (corresponding to 17.7 liters 90%)
?V 3(lower limit-2) ????0 ????7.84 ????17.7
?V 3(lower limit-3) ????20 ????7.84 ????18.0
?V 3(lower limit-4) ????60 ????7.84 ????18.7
?V 3(lower limit-5) ????80 ????7.84 ????19.3
?V 3(lower limit-6) ????100 ????7.84 ????19.9
Embodiment 34-36, Comparative Examples 12
By apply have all size shown in the table 10 particle to tire with structure shown in Figure 1, the preparation tire size is the bus safety tire of 175/70R13 and is of a size of the fabricate block of the wheel rim of 5J * 13.At this, tire 1 is the General Construction according to interested tyre kind and size.In addition, the resin combination of particle continuous phase is shown in table 11 in the formation table 10.To wherein coat the resin particle heating of gas composition shown in the table 11 and expand to form particle, with the particle that under various volumes shown in the table 10, will obtain like this or further the low density polyethylene (LDPE) seal strip of 2cm * 2cm * 60 μ m join inside tires and thereafter with the inside tires pressure control to 350kPa.In addition, the sensor of monitoring internal pressure is introduced wheel rim and pass through to use normally used apomecometer to receive to measure the variation of internal pressure with the signal transmission of internal pressure take off data with by receptor.
Then, the passenger tyre-wheel rim fabricate block that obtains like this is installed on the 1500cc grade passenger vehicle.At first, in 10 gradings by the driving comfort of transport driver evaluation anti-vibration under common internal pressure.In evaluation result, it is high more to count, and the result is good more.
Equally, the iron plate that to weld under equidistant from distance and each diameter are that 3.0mm and length are that 10 nails of 50mm are fixed on the road surface of measurement circuit process, in case with automobile under the speed of 90km/h under corresponding to the load-bearing capacity of four drive and passengers weights on the iron plate by so that automobile right side front wheel and trailing wheel are sailed on nail, therefore in tire, to produce damage, under following situation, estimate driving performance by the grading of three stages: reduce internal pressure and measure simultaneously by the elapsed time of above iron plate and the internal pressure in the tire.That is, before the damage by speed at 90km/h under operation be reduced to up to internal pressure and be not less than 50kPa to measure and reduces the time that 50kPa requires be that evaluation is measured.
On the other hand, form the otch of length 30mm and with such otch temporarily sealing with in tire, fill internal pressure in that above passenger tyre tyre bead filler part is artificial.Then, remove sealing and reduce internal pressure to the atmospheric time to estimate the measurement simultaneously of emitting that whether stops particle.
Result of a measurement also sees Table 10.
Table 10
Comparative Examples 12 Embodiment 34 Embodiment 35 Embodiment 36
Particle volume amount (liter) in the barometric pressure use ????- ????21 ??21 ????21
The volume ratio that particle occupies (%) ( *1) ????- ????100.0 ??100 ????100
Size is not less than 10 μ m but less than the particle of the 1mm ratio (%) to cumulative volume ????- ????80 ??100 ????80
Size is not less than 1mm but less than the particle of the 5mm ratio (%) to cumulative volume ????- ????10 ??0 ????10
Size is not less than 5mm but less than the particle of the 5cm ratio (%) to cumulative volume ????- ????10 ??0 ????10
The number of seal strip (sheet) ????- ????- ??200 ????200
Initial inside tires pressure (kPa) ( *2) ????350 ????350 ??350 ????350
The evaluation point of comfort is driven in anti-vibration in service under common internal pressure ????5.0 ????6.5 ??6.5 ????6.5
Push the nail diameter (mm) of tire ????3.0 ????3.0 ??3.0 ????3.0
Under 90km/hr speed from the point that crosses iron plate to reduce the time of internal pressure to the point of 300kPa ( *3) ????7” ????31’40” ??51’13” ????50’0 ????7”
The seal degree (the sealing station numbers in 10 positions) of damage ????0 ????10 ??10 ????10
Just the driving stability after nail inserts ( *4) ????C ????A ??A ????A
From the point that discharges the leak free damage to reduce the time of internal pressure to the point of 100kPa ( *5) ????4” ????8’32” ??10’25” ????11’0 ????2”
The degree that the particle sealing is emitted (leak free exists or do not exist) Do not exist Exist Exist Exist
( *1) inner volume of tire: 21 liters, size: 175/70R13, wheel rim: 5J-13
( *2) in tire, fill hollow-particle and regulate internal pressure by nitrogen is packed into tire afterwards.
( *3) it is successful being not less than time of 1 minute.
( *4) evaluation result A: it is possible driving continuously, does not have fault or careful continuing to drive
B: it is careful and concentrated to require in processing is driven
C: requirement is run slowly or is moved and can (have control)
( *5) it is successful being not less than time of 30 seconds.
Table 11
Granularity (μ m) Maker Trade mark Gas composition in the abscess Average body proportion (g/cc) The composite title of continuous phase
Be not less than 10 μ m but less than 1mm ??Aquezo-Novel ??Corp. EXPANCEL ????053 Isobutane ??0.022 Methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer
Not in 1mm but little 5mm The test product Isopentane ??0.046 Polystyrene/polyethylene and ethylene copolymers
Be not less than 5mm but less than 5cm The test product Isopentane ??0.042 Polystyrene/polyethylene and ethylene copolymers
Embodiment 37-48
By only apply have an all size shown in table 12 and 13 contain abscess particle A, with contain abscess particle A and B to tire and the preparation tire size is 175/70R13 and bus safety tire and the composite that is of a size of the wheel rim of 5J * 13 with structure shown in Figure 1, as shown in identical table.At this, tire 1 is the General Construction according to interested tyre kind and size.
In addition, the kind that contains abscess particle A see Table 14 and the kind that contains abscess particle B see Table 15.That is, with the heating of the resin particle of gas composition shown in the coating table 3 wherein and expand with formation contain abscess particle A and under various true specific gravities shown in the table 14 to inside tires add obtain like this contain abscess particle A.Equally, self the particle B shown in the table 15 is arranged in inside tires by them.
About the assembly of tire and rim of such acquisition, estimate various performances by the following method.The result of passenger tyre also see Table 12 and the result of truck and bus tyre also see Table 13.
In addition, the inner face that the sensor of monitoring internal pressure is introduced wheel rim in the assembly of tire and rim be used for above evaluation and with the signal of internal pressure take off data by using normally used apomecometer transmission and receiving to measure the variation of internal pressure by the receptor that is arranged in beyond the rotary drum proving installation.＜the evaluation (tumbler test) of performance after tyre injury 〉
After the 300kPa that is adjusted to by filling that nitrogen is gone into passenger tyre-wheel rim fabricate block and with internal pressure to absolute pressure, beaing each diameter from tread surface is that 5.0mm and length are that 10 nails of 50mm are to pass through tire to its outside.Beaing under the state of nail, the load and the measurement that apply 3.54kN at operation tire under the speed at 90km/h on the rotary drum simultaneously begin time in the past and the internal pressure in the tire from tumbler test.Measure initial pressure simultaneously continuously under 90km/h operation reduce from the test beginning level of 300kPa up to internal pressure and be not less than 50kPa and stop to test to carry out the comparison of range ability in the time of 250kPa.In addition, the 250kPa time be in rotary drum stop after counting residue nail number and observe the vestige of nail after coming off to estimate seal degree and to analyze the reason that internal pressure reduces.
Fabricate block about truck and bus tyre and wheel rim, estimate difference in the mode identical and be that internal pressure is is the 800kPa of absolute pressure with the above, with the diameter of nail be that 5mm and length are 8cm, with load be that 26.46kN and speed are that 60km/h and the internal pressure that stops of test are 500kPa.＜range ability after internal pressure is become barometric pressure on rotary drum 〉
Secondly, with the static placement of tire up to the internal pressure barometric pressure of escaping fully.Under such state, tire applies the load of 3.54kN under the situation at passenger tyre in the distance of operation 300km under the speed at 90km/h on the rotary drum, the range ability that is not less than 200km during this period is successful, and under the situation of truck and bus tyre, the operation that continues on rotary drum is 26.46kN up to load, with speed be that 60km/h and ultimate range are 100km, the range ability that is not less than 40km during this period is successful.
Table 12Passenger tyre-wheel rim fabricate block
Embodiment 37 Embodiment 38 Embodiment 39 Embodiment 40 Embodiment 41 Embodiment 42
The kind that contains abscess particle A ????1A ???1A ???1A ????1A ????2A ???2A
The volume that contains abscess particle A (liter) of Shi Yonging under atmospheric pressure ????15.75 ???14.7 ???19.95 ????18.9 ????24.0 ???14.4
Contain abscess particle A to the volume ratio (%) of tire inner volume ( *1) ????75.0 ???70.0 ???95.0 ????90.0 ????100.0 ???60.0
The kind of particle B ????- ???2B ???- ????4B ????- ???2B
The volume of particle B (liter) under atmospheric pressure ????- ???1.05 ???- ????1.05 ????- ???6.0
Particle B to the volume ratio (%) of tire inner volume ( *1) ????- ???5.0 ???- ????5.0 ????- ???25.0
The evaluation result (tumbler test) of performance after tyre injury ( *2) Be reduced at the most the 250kPa internal pressure range ability (km) ( *3) ????682 ???895 ???640 ????987 ????665 ???986
Locate the number (nail) of residue nail to the 2501Pa time at the reduction internal pressure ????5 ???5 ???5 ????4 ????4 ???4
The sealing property of vestige after nail comes off ( *4) Fully Fully Fully Fully Fully Fully
Range ability after internal pressure is become barometric pressure on rotary drum ????265km 300km moves fully 300km moves fully 300km moves fully 300km moves fully 300km moves fully
( *1) inner volume of tire: 21 liters, size: 175/70R13, wheel rim: 5J-13
( *2) in tire, arrange and contain after abscess particle A and the B, regulate internal pressure by nitrogen is packed into tire.
( *3) the monitoring internal pressure moves on rotary drum beaing under the state of nail simultaneously
( *4) sealing property of vestige after nail comes off.
" fully ": because the vestige after nail comes off is stopped up by the composite that contains abscess particle A and particle B fully, the reduction of internal pressure is possible with further operation very slowly before rotary drum stops.
" not exclusively ": owing to not exclusively be blocked in the vestige of nail after coming off, internal pressure reduce gradually and the reduction amount of the internal pressure before rotary drum stops big especially.Equally, the sealing of vestige is incomplete, and making can not further operation in addition of expectation.
Table 13Truck and bus tyre-wheel rim fabricate block
Embodiment 37 Embodiment 38 Embodiment 39 Embodiment 40 Embodiment 41 Embodiment 42
The kind that contains abscess particle A ????3A ????3A ????3A ????3A ????2A ????3A
The volume that contains abscess particle A (liter) of Shi Yonging under atmospheric pressure ????90.00 ????84.00 ????108.00 ????102.00 ????96.0 ????96.0
Contain abscess particle A to the volume ratio (%) of tire inner volume ( *1) ????75.0 ????70.0 ????90.0 ????85.0 ????80.0 ????80.0
The kind of particle B ????- ????1B ????- ????3B ????- ????3B
The volume of particle B (liter) under atmospheric pressure ????- ????6.0 ????- ????6.0 ????- ????60
Particle B to the volume ratio (%) of tire inner volume ( *1) ????- ????5.0 ????- ????5.0 ????- ????5.0
The evaluation result (tumbler test) of performance after tyre injury ( *2) Be reduced at the most the 250kPa internal pressure range ability (km) ( *3) ????265 ????316 ????271 ????346 ????278 ????384
Locate the number (nail) of residue nail to the 250kPa time at the reduction internal pressure ????4 ????3 ????3 ????3 ????3 ????3
The sealing property of vestige after nail comes off ( *4) Fully Fully Fully Fully Fully Fully
Range ability after internal pressure is become barometric pressure on rotary drum The 43km fault The 56km fault The 51km fault The 68km fault The 48km fault The 63km fault
( *1) inner volume of tire: 21 liters, size: 175/70R13, wheel rim: 5J-13
( *2) in tire, arrange and contain after abscess particle A and the B, regulate internal pressure by nitrogen is packed into tire.
( *3) the monitoring internal pressure moves on rotary drum beaing under the state of nail simultaneously
( *4) sealing property of vestige after nail comes off.
" fully ": because the vestige after nail comes off is stopped up by the composite that contains abscess particle A and particle B fully, the reduction of internal pressure is possible with further operation very slowly before rotary drum stops.
" not exclusively ": owing to not exclusively be blocked in the vestige of nail after coming off, internal pressure reduce gradually and the reduction amount of the internal pressure before rotary drum stops big especially.Equally, the sealing of vestige is incomplete, and making can not further operation in addition of expectation.
Table 14
The kind and the content that contain abscess particle A
??1A ??2A ??3A
Trade mark ??EXPANCEL?091 ??EXPANCEL?551 The test product
Maker ??Aquozo-Novel?Corp. ??Aquozo-Novel?Corp. ??-
True specific gravity (g/cc) ??0.025 ??0.046 ??0.02
The dispersion of distribution of granularity (μ m) ??20-220 ??20-180 ??40-280
Particulate material The MMA/AN/MAN terpolymer The PVDC/AN copolymer The AN/MAN copolymer
Be included in the gas composition in the abscess Isopentane Isobutane Nitrogen
MMA: methyl methacrylate
AN: acrylonitrile
MAN: methacrylonitrile
PVDC: vinylidene chloride
Table 15
The kind of particle B and content
Trade mark Maker True specific gravity (g/cc) The dispersion of distribution of granularity (μ m) Particulate material Other
1B ??Filite ??FG(52/7) ??Nippon ??Ferrite?Co.， ??Ltd. ??0.7 ????5-300 Aluminosilicate ??-
2B ??Scotchlite ??Glass ??Bubbles ??K1 ??Sumitomo?3M ??Co.，Ltd. ??0.125 ????20-120 Silicate glass ??-
3B ??Scotchlite ??Glass ??Bubbles ??K46 ??Sumitomo?3M ??Co.，Ltd. ??0.46 ????10-80 Silicate glass ??-
4B The test product ???- ??0.97 ????20-180 ??MMA/AN Comprise the liquid butyl rubber
MMA: methyl methacrylate
AN: acrylonitrile
Although carrying out the main purpose of above test is inside tires pressure is effectively compensated, if in containing abscess particle A, mix very small particles B, by adopting the following phenomenon remaining unbalanced effect of tire that achieves a solution: in tire, distribute unevenly by the action of centrifugal force particle B during the tire rotation.
Filling under the embodiment 49[barometric pressure]
According to the path that is not arrow 18 among Fig. 5, the hold tank that contains the abscess particle that particle mean size is 120 μ m will under atmospheric pressure be stored, assembly of tire and rim is connected by pressure hose with membrane pump, with discharge pressure by pump under various loadings, at the inner particle that contains abscess of filling of assembly of tire and rim.In addition, assembly of tire and rim is that tire size is the fabricate block of the passenger tyre of 175/70R14 and the wheel rim that is of a size of 5J-14 and arranges four ingress port and four outlet ports that are used for tire inside and outside air that are used to contain the abscess particle at rim base.Equally, arrange that at the outlet port that is used for extraneous air glass filter is not to flow out the particle that contains abscess from tire.[high pressure filling]
According to the path that comprises arrow 18 among Fig. 5, will under atmospheric pressure store the hold tank that contains the abscess particle that particle mean size is 120 μ m, assembly of tire and rim, membrane pump is connected to form the annular closed system by pressure hose with hold tank.By in system, through pump, 200,250 and 300kPa under circulating air under the compression system in-to-in state, under various loadings, will contain the abscess particle shifted and be filled into assembly of tire and rim from hold tank inside.
More than each under the production stage, that confirms the loading that contains the abscess particle of filling in assembly of tire and rim the results are shown in Table 16.In the case, be that V1 and tire inner volume are when being V2, by loading P[% when under atmospheric pressure filling the volume contain the abscess particle]=100 * V1/V2 represents loading.
Table 16
Filling under atmospheric pressure Filling under high pressure
Pressure (kPa) in the fill system ??100 ??100 ??100 ????100 ????200 ????250 ????300
The loading (%) that contains the abscess particle ??70 ??80 ??90 ????100 ????150 ????175 ????200
As seen from Table 16,, can in filling, high pressure reach to be not less than 100% loading owing to compression contains the abscess particle to reduce volume.
In addition, by using the evaluation of longitudinal spring rigidity test machine to adopt the static spring performance that contains the particle-filled assembly of tire and rim of abscess.In the case, has the pneumatic tyre of size same as described above as tester.Carry out the evaluation of Tire Static spring in the following way: the common internal pressure of air conduct of filling 300kPa in tire is afterwards only gradually from inside tires air-out and the spring performance of measuring under each internal pressure.
Evaluation result is seen Figure 12, therefrom is appreciated that in the pneumatic tyre as common example, and the reduction that is accompanied by internal pressure causes the decline of spring constant and can not obtain key property as tire under the puncture condition.On the other hand, under high pressure adopt in the particle-filled tire and conventional example is observed the decline of spring constant equally when the initial decline of internal pressure, but when internal pressure further reduces, observe the rising of spring constant on the contrary.This is due to the fact that the volume that contains the abscess particle that is accompanied by the reduction compression of internal pressure recovers to begin the generation of tire big envelope tension force.Therefore, under high pressure in the tire of Tian Chonging, understand even equal the spring constant of this value in pneumatic tyre uses usually in acquisition under the puncture condition.
Then, with such mounting of tyre to 2000cc grade passenger vehicle and with diameter be 3mm and length be the nail of 3cm by the tire protector position to form outer damage and in the measurement circuit process, under load, to move under the 90km/h corresponding to four drive and passengers weights.The ultimate range of this operation being carried out 300km is to measure available range ability.In addition, be not less than the evaluation criterion of the range ability of 200km as success.The results are shown in Table 17.
Table 17
Comparative Examples In atmospheric filling Filling under high pressure
The loading (%) that contains the abscess particle ????0 ????70 ????80 ????90 ????100 ????150 ????175 ????200
Utilized range ability (km) after damage ????1.8 ????54 ????76 ????98 ????109 ????300 ????300 ????300
As seen from Table 17, by filling contain the abscess particle greatly be increased in after the damage utilized range ability and further the filling by under high pressure increase effect.
Industrial applicibility
According to the present invention, safety tread with excellent durability and the assembly of wheel rim can be provided, it can in addition stable operation under faulted condition, and do not sacrifice resistance to rolling and common driving comfort in service before tyre injury.

Claims (56)

1. assembly of tire and rim, it is characterized in that by hollow circular ring cast tire sets being installed to the particle of a large amount of substantially sphericals of determining on the wheel rim of checking and approving of internal placement, each particle is made up of resin continuous phase and airtight abscess and average body proportion is not more than 0.1 and be not less than 150kPa for the inside tires pressure of absolute pressure down at 25 ℃.
2. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 1, when it is characterized in that 25 ℃, the absolute pressure of inside tires is not less than 150kPa and is not more than 900kPa.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembly of tire and rim, a large amount of particles that it is characterized in that distributing make the volume packing ratio of being determined by following formula be not less than 75% and be not more than 150%:
The volume packing ratio=(Vs/Vt) * 100
(wherein, Vs: the volume of inner all particles that distribute of fabricate block and under certain barometric pressure the spatial volume sum around the particle and
Vt: the inner volume of tire).
4. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 3, it is characterized in that the volume packing ratio is not less than 75% and be not more than 130%.
5. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 4, it is characterized in that the volume packing ratio is not less than 75% and be not more than 110%.
6. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 5, it is characterized in that the volume packing ratio is not less than 80% and be not more than 100%.
7. according to claim 1 or 3 described assembly of tire and rim, it is characterized in that when being installed to assembly of tire and rim on the vehicle, the volume loading of particle is in following following being limited in the upper range as a kind of cumulative volume that has comprised the volume of particle surrounding space under certain barometric pressure in the fabricate block:
The upper limit of volume loading: when will gas filed fabricate block is installed on the vehicle under being adjusted to the pressure of internal pressure, internal pressure be specified by such vehicle, in the inner volume that is applied to assembly of tire and rim under the load of vehicle on each;
The lower limit of volume loading: when internal pressure being set to atmospheric fabricate block and being installed on the vehicle, the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under the load that is applied to vehicle load on each corresponding to 2.0 times.
8. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 7, the upper limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading is that each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 1.2 times of loads that adapt of loading with being applied to vehicle.
9. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 7, the lower limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 10% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, specify internal pressure on the vehicle by such vehicle is installed to, each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 2.0 times of loads that adapt of loading with being applied to vehicle.
10. described according to Claim 8 assembly of tire and rim, the upper limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading are that each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 1.5 times of loads that adapt of loading with being applied to vehicle.
11. described according to Claim 8 assembly of tire and rim, the upper limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading are that each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 2.0 times of loads that adapt of load with being applied to vehicle.
12. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 9, the lower limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 30% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, specify internal pressure on the vehicle by such vehicle is installed to, each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 2.0 times of loads that adapt of loading with being applied to vehicle.
13. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 9, the lower limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 40% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, specify internal pressure on the vehicle by such vehicle is installed to, each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 2.0 times of loads that adapt of loading with being applied to vehicle.
14. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 9, the lower limit that it is characterized in that the volume loading is when under the pressure that is being adjusted at least 50% internal pressure fabricate block being inflated, specify internal pressure on the vehicle by such vehicle is installed to, each goes up the inner volume of assembly of tire and rim under 2.0 times of loads that adapt of loading with being applied to vehicle.
15., it is characterized in that in being arranged in a large amount of particles of fabricate block in-to-in proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 40% (mass ratio) according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 1,3 or 7.
16., it is characterized in that proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 30% (mass ratio) according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 15.
17., it is characterized in that proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 20% (mass ratio) according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 16.
18., it is characterized in that proportion is not less than 0.79 particle content and is not more than 5% (mass ratio) according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 17.
19., it is characterized in that the continuous phase of particle is made up of at least a following material: polyvinyl alcohol resin, acrylonitrile based polymer, acrylic polymer and vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 1,3 or 7.
20. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 19, the continuous phase that it is characterized in that particle is made up of acrylonitrile based polymer and acrylonitrile based polymer is be selected from following material at least a: acrylonitrile polymer, acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate copolymer.
21. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 19, the continuous phase that it is characterized in that particle is made up of acrylic polymer and acrylic polymer is be selected from following material at least a: polymethyl methacrylate resin, methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile copolymer, methyl methacrylate/methacrylonitrile copolymers and methyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile terpolymer.
22. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 19, the continuous phase that it is characterized in that particle is made up of the vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol and the vinylidene chloride based polyalcohol is be selected from following material at least a: vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile copolymers, vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer and vinylidene chloride/acrylonitrile/methacrylonitrile/methylmethacrylate copolymer.
23. according to claim 1,3,7 or 19 described assembly of tire and rim is characterized in that the airtight abscess of particle contains at least a gas that is selected from following material: nitrogen, air, the straight chain with 2-8 carbon and branched aliphatic hydrocarbon and fluoride thereof, the clicyclic hydrocarbon with 2-8 carbon and fluoride thereof and the ether compound of being represented by following general formula (I):
R 1-O-R 2…(I)
(wherein, R 1And R 2: have the monovalent hydrocarbon residue of 1-5 carbon and can be satisfied hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and the structure that can contain straight chain or branched structure and comprise ring).
24. according to claim 1,3,7,19 or 23 described assembly of tire and rim is characterized in that the gas permeation constant of particle continuous phase under 30 ℃ is not more than 300 * 10 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
25., it is characterized in that the gas permeation constant under 30 ℃ is not more than 20 * 10 according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 24 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
26., it is characterized in that the gas permeation constant under 30 ℃ is not more than 2 * 10 according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 25 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
27. according to claim 1,3,7,19,23 or 24 described assembly of tire and rim is characterized in that adopting inside liner to provide tire and inside liner to be made up of composition for thermoplastic elastomer on its inside face, said composition comprises that fusing point is 170-230 ℃ the nylon resin and the halide of isobutylene p-methylstyrene copolymer, wherein dynamic vulcanization elastomeric component under the gelation ratio of 50-95%.
28., it is characterized in that the gas permeation constant of 30 ℃ of lower liner layers is not more than 20 * 10 according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 27 -12(cccm/cm 2ScmHg).
29., it is characterized in that further at fabricate block internal placement aquaseal basis material according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 1.
30. according to claim 1,3,7,19,23,24 or 28 described assembly of tire and rim is characterized in that further at fabricate block internal placement liquid.
31., it is characterized in that liquid is silicone or aliphatic multivalence alcohol according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 30.
32. according to claim 1,3,7,19,23,24,28 or 30 described assembly of tire and rim, it is characterized in that further comprising can be by stimulating the expansion particle of expanding volume.
33. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 32, the particle that it is characterized in that expanding comprises foaming agent and the shell that coats the gas that produces by expanding at airtight attitude foaming agent.
34. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 33, it is characterized in that stimulating is at least a of heat, pressure and vibration.
35., it is characterized in that foaming agent is to be selected from the straight chain of at least a 2-6 of having carbon of following material and branched aliphatic hydrocarbon and fluoride, the clicyclic hydrocarbon with 2-6 carbon and fluoride thereof and by the ether compound of following general formula (I) expression according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 33:
R 1-O-R 2…(I)
(R wherein 1And R 2: have the monovalent hydrocarbon residue of 1-5 carbon and can be satisfied hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon and the structure that can contain straight chain or branched structure and comprise ring).
36., it is characterized in that foaming agent is that foaming agent is the pyrolysis foaming agent according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 33.
37., it is characterized in that at more than 100 ℃ expanded foamed dose according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 33.
38. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 36; it is characterized in that the pyrolysis foaming agent is be selected from following material at least a: the two benzenesulfonyl hydrazines of dinitropentamethylenetetramine, Celogen Az, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazine and derivant thereof and oxygen.
39. according to claim 1,3,7,19,23,24,28,30 or 32 described assembly of tire and rim is characterized in that a large amount of particles in the assembly of tire and rim internal placement contain to remain on the airtight abscess that is higher than under the atmospheric pressure.
40. an assembly of tire and rim comprises confined space of being determined by tyre and rim and the pressure gas of filling and contains the measure that is useful on the measure that detects gas pressure change and is used for passing through the pressure of volume is changed the approaching confined space inner volume that changes before changing in the space.
41. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 40, it is characterized in that being used for the measure that detected pressures changes is pressure sensor.
42., it is characterized in that the measure that is used for changing near the confined space inner volume that changes by the pressure to volume is at least a of following material before changing: the expandable compositions and the foamable composite that are positioned at confined space according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 40.
43., it is characterized in that foamable composite comprises foaming agent according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 42.
44. according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 40, it is characterized in that the measure that is used for the detected pressures variation has according to the wheel speed detection by the Antilock brake system wheel speed sensors, the warning function that is used to reduce the warning function of inside tires pressure and/or is used to reduce inside tires pressure according to the technology of directly measuring the tire internal pressure by pressure sensor.
45., it is characterized in that hollow circular ring cast mounting of tyre to the wheel rim of checking and approving according to the described assembly of tire and rim of claim 40.
46. method of regulating the described assembly of tire and rim volume of claim 40, it is characterized in that when with set internal pressure to atmospheric fabricate block be installed on the vehicle and bear and be applied to vehicle each when going up 2.0 times of loads that adapt of load, before the fabricate block inner volume reaches the fabricate block inner volume, begin to be used for before changing to change operation near the measure of confined space inner volume by pressure to volume.
47. method that applies internal pressure to assembly of tire and rim, this assembly of tire and rim is by installing hollow circular ring cast mounting of tyre and forms to the wheel rim of checking and approving and containing the measure of detection by gas pressure change in the definite inside of tyre and rim that be useful on, it is characterized in that at the inner particle of filling a large amount of substantially sphericals of fabricate block that so that given internal pressure is applied on the fabricate block each comprises particle by resin and be higher than the continuous phase that the airtight abscess under the atmospheric pressure is formed with remaining on.
48. according to the described method that applies internal pressure of claim 47, it is characterized in that being used for the measure that detected pressures changes is pressure sensor.
49. device that is used for applying internal pressure to assembly of tire and rim, this assembly of tire and rim forms to checking and approving on the described wheel rim by hollow circular ring cast mounting of tyre is installed, this device comprises the storage measure that is used to store the substantially spherical particle, each comprises particle by resin and remaining on and is higher than the continuous phase that the airtight abscess atmospheric pressure under forms and is used for conveying storage particle to fabricate block in-to-in transportation measures.
50., it is characterized in that further involving vibrations applies measure according to the described device that applies internal pressure of claim 49.
51., it is characterized in that further comprising measure from the gas separating particles according to the described device that applies internal pressure of claim 49.
52., it is characterized in that further comprising the measure of the particle that weighs according to the described device that applies internal pressure of claim 49.
53., it is characterized in that further comprising the measure of regulating particle rapidity according to the described device that applies internal pressure of claim 49.
54. method that assembly of tire and rim is provided, by forming this assembly of tire and rim at hollow circular ring cast tire and the particle of checking and approving a large amount of substantially sphericals of internal placement of described wheel rim, each comprises particle by resin and remains on and be higher than the continuous phase that the airtight abscess under the atmospheric pressure is formed, it is characterized in that in the step of carrying the particle-filled fabricate block of employing, will adopt particle-filled fabricate block internal regulation to setting pressure to the feed side.
55. one kind provides service method to the chaufeur of handling vehicle after assembly of tire and rim is provided, vehicle is equipped with assembly of tire and rim, each contains a large amount of substantially spherical particles of in-to-in that are arranged in hollow circular ring cast tire and check and approve wheel rim assembly of tire and rim, particle each by resin continuous phase with remain on the airtight abscess that is higher than under the atmospheric pressure and form, it is characterized in that to carry out the end equipment of communication and on fabricate block, arrange being used for the measure that detected pressures changes in layout on the vehicle, with when detection method detects accident, to partly be transferred to the information Control server that contains database section by Communication Control from end equipment from the customizing messages of the measure of detection, the previous storage of database section is useful on the location information of selling and keeping in repair the repair and maintenance garage of assembly of tire and rim, with the customizing messages of information Control server according to reception, the zone of positioned vehicle, gather the information of repair and maintenance garage and the repair and maintenance garage information of gathering and internal pressure abnormality alarm partly are transferred to chaufeur in end equipment and internal pressure abnormality alarm that will receive and the repair and maintenance garage information notice vehicle by Communication Control in end equipment from database section.
56. according to the described service method that provides of claim 55, it is characterized in that the measure that wherein is used for the detected pressures variation has according to detecting the warning function that is used to reduce the warning function of inside tires pressure and/or is used to reduce inside tires pressure according to the technology of directly measuring the tire internal pressure by pressure sensor by the described wheel speed of Antilock brake system wheel speed sensors.
CNB028007247A 2001-03-21 2002-03-20 Assembly of tire and rim Expired - Lifetime CN1323856C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (47)

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JP80855/2001 2001-03-21
JP2001080905 2001-03-21
JP80856/01 2001-03-21
JP2001080856 2001-03-21
JP2001080855 2001-03-21
JP80905/01 2001-03-21
JP80856/2001 2001-03-21
JP80855/01 2001-03-21
JP80905/2001 2001-03-21
JP2001138882 2001-05-09
JP138764/01 2001-05-09
JP138764/2001 2001-05-09
JP138776/2001 2001-05-09
JP138882/01 2001-05-09
JP138765/2001 2001-05-09
JP2001138765A JP2002332475A (en) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Sealant composition, and pressure container and tire using the same
JP138882/2001 2001-05-09
JP138765/01 2001-05-09
JP2001138764A JP2002332474A (en) 2001-05-09 2001-05-09 Sealant composition, and pressure container and tire using the same
JP138776/01 2001-05-09
JP2001138776 2001-05-09
JP237621/2001 2001-08-06
JP237649/01 2001-08-06
JP237623/2001 2001-08-06
JP237622/2001 2001-08-06
JP237938/01 2001-08-06
JP238327/2001 2001-08-06
JP237627/01 2001-08-06
JP238115/01 2001-08-06
JP237623/01 2001-08-06
JP237622/01 2001-08-06
JP238115/2001 2001-08-06
JP237628/2001 2001-08-06
JP238327/01 2001-08-06
JP2001237623 2001-08-06
JP237628/01 2001-08-06
JP2001237627A JP2003025806A (en) 2001-05-09 2001-08-06 Safety tire and rim assembly and foaming composition
JP237627/2001 2001-08-06
JP2001237622 2001-08-06
JP2001237621 2001-08-06
JP237938/2001 2001-08-06
JP237621/01 2001-08-06
JP237649/2001 2001-08-06
JP238731/2001 2001-08-07
JP238731/01 2001-08-07
JP238730/2001 2001-08-07
JP238730/01 2001-08-07

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CN101198481B (en) * 2005-04-14 2010-10-20 株式会社普利司通 Assembly of tire and rim, and hollow particle
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CN105899377A (en) * 2014-01-30 2016-08-24 住友橡胶工业株式会社 Sealant tire
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CN105899377B (en) * 2014-01-30 2021-08-06 住友橡胶工业株式会社 Self-repairing tire
CN105899377A (en) * 2014-01-30 2016-08-24 住友橡胶工业株式会社 Sealant tire
US11267297B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2022-03-08 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Sealant tire
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