CN1458664A - Lamp with condensation storage and its working method - Google Patents
Lamp with condensation storage and its working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1458664A CN1458664A CN03142913A CN03142913A CN1458664A CN 1458664 A CN1458664 A CN 1458664A CN 03142913 A CN03142913 A CN 03142913A CN 03142913 A CN03142913 A CN 03142913A CN 1458664 A CN1458664 A CN 1458664A
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- lamp
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- filling material
- lid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/52—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
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- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A ceramic discharge lamp, and method of operating same, is provided which contains a cavity between a clear sapphire tube and a PCA cap. During lamp operation, the cavity holds the molten salts to act as a constant temperature reservoir of the molten salts. By manipulating the shape of the cap, for example the curvature of the internal dome, or by building in an offsetting lip, the volume of the cavity can be controlled. By adjusting the thickness of the adjacent cap walls, or by the addition of exterior heat sinking or radiating features on the cap, the temperature of the salt reservoir can be further controlled. The reservoir facilitates providing materials for the plasma at a constant pressure, but without letting the fill condensate flow over and coat the light emitting portions of the clear sapphire transmission cavity wall. As a result, the arc has more stable performance, and the generated light escapes without being interfered with by condensed salts, or fluid salts moving on the light transmitting surfaces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric light and method of work thereof, it has the lamp housing that can control the fusion temperature of filling material in the foam effectively.The present invention is particularly to have the metal halide lamp of this improvement lamp housing.
Background technology
The method of improving its product is constantly sought by electric light manufacturer.A kind of improving one's methods is to remove mercury from discharge lamp.Yet mercury is useful and can produces lamp system efficiently in discharge lamp.
As an example, high-intensity discharge (HID) headlight is the emerging application of mercury in automobile.Compare with the tungsten filament halogen headlight of standard, these headlights can provide improved visibility, longer life-span and consumption energy still less.Each HID light source contains about 0.5mg mercury, and has passed through the federal TCLP test about hazardous waste.The ELV of European Union (abandoned car) instructs to have exempted from its ban for the mercury the automobile and contains mercury bulb.
Along with the continuous popularization of low-cost high yield automobile, can expect that the utilization rate of HID headlight will increase.In the time of 2000, the whole world has about 3,500,000 HID headlight to be used to make new cars.Amount to the mercury of 4 pounds of less thaies.Though it is inappreciable that the mercury of this quantity is compared with a large amount of mercury that are used for automatic switch, if possible, it is desirable eliminating this part mercury from waste liquid.
In recent years, people make a large amount of effort and make the no mercury lamp of under high pressure working, and so just can improve existing ballast.Ishigami etc. are at European patent EP 0883160A1, and Takeda etc., have put down in writing and used heavy dose of metallic addition to come booster tension in the example of European patent EP 1150337A1 at European patent EP 1032010A1 and Uemura etc.Takahashi etc. in U.S. Patent No. 6,265, in 827 the example, have put down in writing the additive of other booster tension at European patent EP 1172839A2 and Takahashi etc.Kaneko etc. have put down in writing harmfulness or toxic efficient filler in the example of European patent EP 1172840A2.
If consider when making electric light, to remove mercury, need the filling material as its acceptable substitute.A problem of making such selection existence is, in the lamp course of work, in the arc stream district between the two relative electrodes at lamp, fill condensate and get wet easily and form one deck condensate film near arc stream district inwall and on inwall, thereby form coating and hinder optical transmission at the light transmission region of lamp housing.Another problem is to exist condensate to form one easily in the arc stream district and have the less-than-ideal light source of colour stability.Further problem is, during lamp work in the arc stream district motion of condensate cause the flicker of lamp.In addition, some filling material that substitutes is volatile, therefore can suppress arc light when lamp is opened.Can improve voltage in the lamp although have evaporable chemical substance by use, the consumption of filling material causes the unstable operation of quartz lamp easily, and these filling materials are to descend in order to produce acceptable voltage when lamp is worked.
For demanding optical application, for example headlight or medical illuminator system, the arc-tube shell preferably adopts transparent material.Generally use fused silica now, but also use pottery sometimes, and under higher temperature or specific reactive chemical, working or even essential.Polycrystal alumina is a desirable material very for general lighting, and its scattering properties can reduce the brightness of arc light and to the adverse effect of the etendue of system.From the ceramic metal helide lamp to the reflective mirror or the optimal light of fibre system coupling obtain by the transparent ceramic container.
U.S. Patent No. 5,621,275 disclose a kind of sapphire arc-tube that seals with polycrystal alumina (PCA) lid in electrodeless arc discharge lamp, and wherein the PCA lid nestles up on the sapphire arc-tube by interference fit (sintering contraction).In this patent, also put down in writing the PCA arc-tube, by straight joint it has been sealed with the PCA lid.
International Patent Application WO 99/41761 has been put down in writing the integral sealing technology that is used for sapphire ceramic metal halide lamp.Integral sealing has used U.S. Patent No. 5,621, and the encapsulating method of the PCA lid in 275 is sealed to the electrode through hole on the capillary except comprising sintering.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric light and method of work thereof of improvement.
Another object of the present invention is in order to overcome defective of the prior art, to provide a kind of electric light and method of work thereof of improvement.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of economy, efficient and high-quality electric light and method of work thereof.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of electric light and method of work thereof, and wherein in the process of lamp work, the condensate of the unnecessary filling material in the bulb is removed from the arc stream district.
A further object of the present invention is that a kind of electric light and method of work thereof that reduces color displacement and flicker is provided.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of electric light and method of work thereof, has the clear and definite humidity province that holds chemical filling material condensate in the process of lamp work in the electric light.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of electric light and method of work thereof, and wherein when turn on lights, arc light does not extinguish.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of electric light and method of work thereof, and this electric light contains easy evaporation and can not cause the filling chemical substance of lamp unstable operation.
A further object of the present invention is that a kind of metal halide lamp and method of work thereof of improvement is provided.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of electric light and method of work thereof, this electric light has ceramic package, compare with the electric light with silicon dioxide shell of routine, in this electric light, can add the salt filling material of higher concentration, therefore need not under the situation of mercury, this electric light can be operated under the relative higher voltage.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of transparent ceramic that has electrode of improvement not have mercury lamp and method of work thereof.
In the present invention, realize above-mentioned and other purpose by a kind of electric light of can that comprises is provided, wherein the sealing shell comprises the tube wall that is used to limit a sealed volume.To the small part tube wall is the light-transmissive window of substantial transparent.Closed volume comprises a cavity, and it is communicated with another cavity at least.Hold charges matter in the closed volume.An electrode is provided at least, and this electrode passes tube wall hermetically, and is stretched over the electrode the second end from the electrode first end, and wherein the electrode first end is positioned at an above-mentioned cavity, and the electrode the second end is positioned at housing exterior so that electrically contact.Closed volume is configured and disposed like this, and the filling material has so chemical composition, thereby in the mode of operation of lamp, the filling material is vaporized in a cavity, and unnecessary filling material condensation in another cavity.In mode of operation, this another cavity provides one to be colder zone with respect to an above-mentioned cavity in described closed volume.The method of work of this electric light also is provided, comprises the steps: in the lamp start-up mode, lamp to be started excitation; The filling material is vaporized in a cavity; And make unnecessary filling material condensation in another cavity.
The accompanying drawing summary
By being expressly understood the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein same reference numerals has been indicated identical part, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of electric light of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of electric light of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of the end cap used among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the end cap used among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is one a schematic diagram in two same end among another embodiment of lamp of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is another view of the embodiment of lamp of the present invention shown in Figure 2; And
Fig. 7 is the curve chart according to the spectrum output of lamp of the present invention.
The implementation of invention
In order to understand the present invention better, together with the present invention other and further purpose, advantage and performance can be with reference to following disclosure and appended claims and above-mentioned accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of lamp among the present invention.In the embodiment in figure 1, shown electric light 2 comprises can 4.Shell 4 can but do not limit and use ceramic material.Shell 4 comprises tube wall 6, and it defines closed volume 8.At least one part 10 of tube wall 6 is light-transmissive window 12 of substantial transparent, can penetrate from closed volume 8 by its light, and remainder is translucent or opaque.In an optional embodiment, tube wall 6 can be transparent on whole length.Closed volume 8 comprises a cavity, and it constitutes the major part of closed volume, and is communicated with at least one other cavity, and this other cavity has constituted the slave part of closed volume.For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, closed volume 8 comprises a cavity that is formed by tube wall 14, and it is communicated with two cavitys 16,18 that lay respectively at two ends of lamp 2.Each cavity 16,18 is communicated with it in two ends of the cavity that is formed by inwall 14 respectively.In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, each cavity 16,18 all is a recessed slave part, and it is formed by the flange portion on the tube wall 6 20, and this flange portion is around axle 22 circumferential extension of shell 4.Explain in more detail herein, each recessed slave part 16,18 all constitutes a container, and it is away from the discharge volume of the lamp that is positioned at cavity 14.
At least one electrode passes tube wall hermetically, this tube wall has formed can 4, electrode is stretched over the second end of electrode from an electrode tip that is positioned at cavity, and this cavity is formed by inwall 14, and the electrode the second end is positioned at the outside of shell so that adopt the contact energising of usual manner.For example, in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, at each tube wall end 26 and 28 places of shell 4, two electrode of opposite 24 are passed tube wall 6 respectively.Two comparative electrode 24 ends 30 separately face with each other in cavity 14, and through the arc stream district or spacing 32 separate, under usual manner, this arc stream district or spacing 32 have constituted the lamp discharge volume between the electrode.Arc stream district 32 close windows 12, and luminous through window in the lamp course of work, and the arc stream district is zone the hottest in the lamp.
In closed volume 8, lamp 2 comprises filling material 34.In a preferred embodiment, the filling material is not mercurous and very easy volatilization.Closed volume 8 is configured and disposed like this, and in the mode of operation of lamp, filling material 34 is vaporized in the cavity that is formed by tube wall 14, and unnecessary filling material moves to cavity 16,18 places and condensation there.For this purpose, near recessed slave part 16, each part of 18 tube wall 6 all is configured and is arranged to the thermal radiation that can provide enough, thereby keep recessed slave part 16, the temperature at 18 places is lower than the temperature at 32 places, arc stream district, in the normal lamp course of work, the heating of plasma is limited between two electrode tips.For example, near recessed slave part 16, each tube wall part of 18 tube wall 6 provides as follows, (a) form enough volumes so that hold the unnecessary chemical charges of condensation, (b) compare with window 12 near arc stream district 32, be arranged on the relative larger distance, thereby in the lamp course of work, provide a lamp cooling place that allows condensate enter.In fact, in this mode, with respect to arc stream district 32, the unnecessary further condensation of filling material in the recessed slave part 16,18.
Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, shown lamp 100 comprises can 102, and its tube wall defines closed volume 104.In the present embodiment, the tube wall that constitutes can 102 comprises tubular portion 106, its have first end 108 and with its opposite second end 110, be installed in first lid 112 on the first end part, and be installed in second lid 114 on the second end.First electrode 116 passes lid 112, the second electrodes 116 from 118 and passes lid 114 from 120.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, closed volume 104 comprises a cavity, it is arranged in tubular portion 106 and is made of the tube wall 122 of tubular portion, one second cavity 124, it is between the tubular portion and first lid 112, one the 3rd cavity 126, it is between the tubular portion and second end cap 114. Cavity 124 and 126 and Fig. 1 embodiment cavity 16 and 18 finish same function.As this place explain like that, in the process that lamp 100 is made, can control the volume of cavity 124 and 126 by the shrinkage of the shape of lid and each lid.At each place, end of tubular portion, each cavity 124 and 126 all lays respectively between tubular portion 106 and each corresponding lid 112,114.In the mode of operation of lamp 100, the not mercurous filling material 128 in closed volume 104 is vaporized in the cavity that is formed by tube wall 122, and unnecessary filling material moves in the cooling place and condensation there, and this cooling place is made of cavity 124 and 126.With the same in the embodiment in figure 1, in mode of operation, cavity 124 and 126 has constituted the cooled region that is arranged in closed volume 104, and its temperature is lower than the temperature of the cavity that is formed by tube wall 122.
In example shown in Figure 2, each lid 112 and 114 comprises the capillary portion 132 and 134 that extends out respectively, and it constitutes capillary and electrode 116 therefrom passes respectively. Lid 112 and 114 is installed on the tubular portion 106 and carries out sintering there, so that form the arc-tube of sealing, it constitutes the shell of lamp 100. Capillary portion 132 and 134 outwards stretches away from closed volume 104.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, each electrode 116 all comprises 136, one sections molybdenums 138 of one section tungsten and one section niobium 140.By capillary portion 132 and 134 separately, electrode 116 inserts end cap 112 and 114, and electrode tip 142 and 144 so separately toward each other.
Arc stream district between two ends 142 and 144 has formed lamp discharge volume 146.In a conventional manner, utilize glass dust 148 electrode 116 can be enclosed capillary portion 132 and 134.Should be pointed out that each capillary portion 132 and 134 is communicated with closed volume 104 at its place, end near corresponding cavity 124 and 126.Therefore, formed partial condensation material will enter capillary in the lamp course of work, and it is made of capillary portion 132 and 134.Yet these volumes capillaceous and position make that capillary can not provide desirable cooling place for collecting unnecessary filling condensed material.On the contrary, lack cavity 124 and 126, the filling condensed material arbitrarily distributes and is easy to flow back in the arc-tube shell, just by surface 122 volumes that form, and causes corrosion.This is because melting tank has spatially extended certain zone, and the solubility gradients that has temperature gradient and cause thus on this zone.On the other hand, cavity 124,126 can be used as the container of filling condensed material, and these condensed materials can flow in the arc-tube shell usually, and is collected in " ditch shape " cavity.
Before encapsulating at last, charge into the chemical filling material and the inert gas of doses in the lamp, and seal in the usual way.At this in detail some examples of filling material and inert gas will be described in detail.
In the preferred embodiment of Fig. 2, lamp 100 is metal halide lamps, and it is made by three parts: the tubular portion 106 of transparent column shape, and two translucent end caps 112 and 114 by the polycrystalline material compression molding.End cap 112 and 114 is sintered on the cylindrical part 106.Cylindrical part 106 is to be made by the ceramic material of substantial transparent, for example the fully dense sapphire pipe of monocrystalline.This material is commercial available.Be not limited to this, other transparent ceramic material also can use, for example yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG). Lid 112 and 114 is pca materials.In the process that lamp 100 is made, lid 112 and 114 is configured and disposed like this, and when lid being sintered on the tubular portion 106, the contraction of lid has increased the volume of cavity 124 and 126 and lid is fixed on the tubular portion.This is because in sintering process, PCA lid 124,126 can shrink when it harden, and ceramic tubular part 100 is fully dense, so can not shrink.In the process of lamp 100 work, cavity 124 and 126 holds unnecessary condensed filling material.In fact, cavity 124 and 126 storage at a constant temperature devices as condensed filling material.By adjusting the shape and the shrinkage degree of lid, can control the shape of cavity 124 and 126, thereby can control the volume of cavity 124 and 126, so that hold the unnecessary condensed filling material of ideal quantity, these materials produce in the lamp course of work.Similarly, by adjusting the thickness of cap walls, perhaps increase outside heat radiation, perhaps adjust the radiation characteristic of lid, lid can serve as radiator with further adjusting condensation storage temperature.For example, illustrated among Fig. 3 and lid 112 and 114 similar lids 150, wherein lid 150 comprises can increase thermal-radiating face coat 152.The material of coating 152 is unrestricted, and it can be a graphite, and heating resisting metal or metal oxide add coating.In another example shown in Figure 4, comprise along the ledge 156 of lid surface 158 so that increase thermal radiation with lid 112 and 114 similar lids 154.
Recessed cavity 124 and 126 is example explanations of a kind of recessed slave part structure, and in the lamp course of work, it has constituted the cooling place that is used for the unnecessary filling material of condensation.Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of lamp of the present invention, and except the inner wall shape of end cap, its example structure with Fig. 2 is identical, and has constituted recessed cavity at the inwall place, only shows an end cap among the figure.Particularly, the inwall of each end cap 112,114 is semilune (dishes) at its wall 160 and 162 places among Fig. 2.On the contrary, in the embodiment of Fig. 5, the inwall 164 and 166 of the end cap 168 of lamp 170 is flat.Except the shape of inwall 164 and 166, the embodiment of Fig. 5 is identical with the example structure of Fig. 6.
With reference to Fig. 2, the container that forms in cavity 124 and 126 can be controlled the fusion temperature in the lamp 100 again.Compare with the capillary that forms by capillary portion 132 and 134, the discharge volume of cavity 124 and 126 more close lamps, therefore the also electric arc of more close lamp equally also provides the hottest container for the salt condensate, thereby in the process of lamp work, vapour pressure and gas componant in the control lamp.Because the condensate of filling material flow to colder container 124 and 126 from the arc stream district,, and can not form one deck salt film in the inside of arc chamber so condensate can not bedew inwall 122.Therefore, the vaporizer mass-energy that is used to form plasma in the closed volume 104 enough keeps constant voltage, yet does not form the condensate coating and can not hinder transmittance at transparent sapphire light radiating portion.Stabilized light source and a kind of basic flicker free light source with more colors so just are provided, and it is very important in some optical application, for example is used as the metal halide lamp of headlight or projector light source.In the lamp course of work, when moving, the salt film just produced the lamp scintillation sources.
Should be pointed out that some chemical substance is volatile, therefore when lamp is opened, can suppress arc light.The easy chemical composition of vaporization in some filling material, gallium halide for example, Chang Zuowei does not have the additive of booster tension in the mercury lamp.The consumption of this class filling material can cause the unstable operation of quartz lamp, and these filling materials are to descend in order to produce acceptable voltage when lamp is worked.In the prior art of making quartz lamp, keep container for the salt condensate, just, arc chamber becomes unique salt condensate holder.In the present invention, the condensate of filling material can be positioned at away from the arc stream district, and forms turbulent flow around electrode, and the heating that reduces condensate helps to carry out stable optimum igniting and heating in the lamp of identical filling dosage.Like this, the lamp of the lamp of the excessive salt of filling and filling minimum dose can be realized identical functions.
With reference to the electric light 100 shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 6, will in detail a kind of method of making electric light of the present invention be described in detail.Structure shown in Fig. 6 is identical with Fig. 2, and charges in the specification so that the size of indication lamp clearly.
Signle crystal alumina (sapphire) cylindrical tubular part 106 has 3.15 millimeters external diameter 172 and 1.5 millimeters internal diameter 174.This class tubular portion can be bought from Saphikon company.It is 10 millimeters length 176 that tubular portion is blocked.Make polycrystal alumina end cap 112 and at 114 o'clock, use high-purity mangesium oxide aluminium powder (CR6, Baikowski) (impurity content is less than 500ppm), and add 200ppm MgO+20ppmY
2O
3+ 400ppm ZrO
2As the sintering auxiliary material.The aluminium powder that added auxiliary material mixed with the wax binding agent and be lid 112 and 114 through die forming, it comprises capillary portion 132 and 134. Lid 112 and 114 shape, correspondingly, cavity 124 and 126 shape also can be by the shape decisions of the mould of the shaping that is used for lid.The lid of Cheng Xinging will bake to fight in air and reach 1000 degrees centigrade as stated above, so that remove binding agent and strengthen the shape that keeps lid.Then lid 112 and 114 is put into separately end 108 and 110 places on the tubular portion 106 respectively, vertically the temperature with 1330 degrees centigrade bakes fight generation local densification and contraction in air, thereby lid is fixed on the tubular portion.Then the sapphire tubulose part 106 that assembles is carried out one hour last sintering with 1890 degrees centigrade temperature in the nitrogen of sneaking into 8% hydrogen that flows, wherein be connected with end cap 112 and 114 on the tubular portion.When end cap 112 and 114 being sintered on the sapphire tubulose part 106, the PCA lid can produce the dimensional contraction and the densification of significant quantity, and fully dense sapphire tubulose partly remains unchanged.Like this, between sapphire tubulose part and PCA lid, form circumferential sealing, wherein lid 112 and 114 be predetermined fixed to tubular portion 106, and form cavity 124 and 126 in the end of tubular portion, it constitutes corresponding salt container.Particularly, in Fig. 2 and embodiment shown in Figure 6, before sintering, the length 178 of end cap 112,114 is 21.4 millimeters, and thickness 180 is 0.85 millimeter.The diameter 182 of each cavity 124,126 is respectively 3.9 millimeters, and the degree of depth 184 is respectively 0.7 millimeter.When just finishing sintering, length 178 is 16.3 millimeters, and thickness 180 is 0.65 millimeter, and diameter 182 is 3.15 millimeters, and the degree of depth 184 is 0.5 millimeter.By shape and material and the shrinkage degree thereof that pre-determines lid 112,114, can determine the shape and the volume of cavity 124,126, this is conspicuous for those of ordinary skills.By changing technological parameter, for example sintering temperature and sintering time can be controlled shrinkage degree, and this also is conspicuous for those of ordinary skills.The shrinkage degree of cavity 124,126 and correspondingly, its final volume also depends on the volume of filling material condensate, the cavity that is provided will be applicable to the work that stops condensate to disturb lamp.Be not limited to above-mentioned situation, in Fig. 2 and lamp shown in Figure 6, the degree of depth 184 is about 0.1 to 0.25 times of sapphire pipe 106 diameters 172, preferably 0.1 of this diameter times.Because the degree of depth 184 is very little, the thermal gradient on the hottest melting tank has reduced.Therefore, solubility gradients has reduced thereby has corroded also and can alleviate.In addition, because gradient has reduced, so above-mentioned salt filling THE VAPOUR PRESSURES OF SUBSTANCES can limit more accurately, and lamp can be more stable on color.
Electrode 116 inserts capillary portion 132 and 134 respectively, and uses glass dust 148 in position to seal.The length of electrode 116 is 5 millimeters, and diameter is 0.25 millimeter.The nominal length of lamp discharge volume 146 is 4.2 millimeters.In the end before the sealing, in lamp, add not mercurous and volatile chemical filling material 128 in a conventional manner, charge into xenon simultaneously, a kind of inert gas.Also can adopt other rare gas and mist.Then, lamp 100 is sealed in a conventional manner.
In the present invention, the volatile typically chemical filling material of the chemical filling material of lamp, mean, in the process of lamp work, the filling material is vaporized in the arc stream district, unnecessary filling material moves in the recessed slave part and condensation there, and wherein recessed slave part is arranged in the closed volume of lamp.In the present invention, chemical filling material is unrestricted, can comprise gallium halide, indium halide, and halogenation thallium and aluminum halide, for example, GaI
3, InI, InI
3, AlI
3And TlI.Also can adopt rare earth element halide.Though lamp of the present invention refers in particular to no mercury lamp, if desired, also can comprise mercury in the chemical filling material.An example just is to use mercury halide.In the aforementioned filling material one or more can mix with other salt, for example scandium halide or rare earth element halide.Filling material among the present invention is not limited to certain specific filling material, as described here, as long as the filling material can be vaporized and condensation in recessed slave part in the major part of lamp.
Lamp of the present invention and the conventional quartz lamp that has added the volatile salt of high concentration are tested, and compared its result.When testing all lamps, all use the 500Hz square wave ballasts, it can produce 500 VOC and transmit and surpass 2 amperes square wave.Filling material at two conventional quartz lamps that are used for testing is 1mgGaI
3, 0.34mg type 4 rare earth element chemical substance (19.5%DyI
3, 19.5% HoI
3, 19.5%TmI
3, 32.5%NaI, 9.0%TlI, by weight percentage) and 8 the crust xenons.Filling material at the 3rd quartz lamp that is used for testing is 1mg GaI
3, 0.8mg InI, type 4 rare earth element chemical substances that 0.24mg is same and 8 crust xenons.The volume of the quartz lamp that each is used to test approximately is 23mm
3
When the aforesaid conventional quartz lamp of test, each lamp is all at room temperature opened, yet gallium halide and indium halide will be vaporized too soon.The filling material of vaporization does not have other position to go except entering vapor state, does not have colder zone to allow the filling material of vaporization carry out condensation more there.Therefore, uncontrolled and not controlled impedance variation causes the fast rise of the voltage of lamp in the lamp, thereby causes extinguishing and all leave the salt residue on the total inner surface of arc chamber of lamp.The trial that makes each such quartz lamp keep discharge condition has again been failed.Should be pointed out that the salt spilling arrived the total inner surface zone, its work that shows lamp has been interrupted suddenly uncontrollably.
The lamp of the present invention of type shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 6 can be made according to said method and size.Yet the volume of the quartz lamp that is used to test approximately is 23mm
3, the volume of lamp of the present invention is less than about 19.5mm
3In addition, the chemical filling material that adds in the lamp of the present invention comprises, 4mg InI, 1mg NaI and 5 crust xenons.The mean concentration of salt filling material approximately is 5g/cc or 5mg/mm in the closed volume 104
3Each cavity 124 and 126 volume approximately all are 0.5mm
3Therefore, each cavity 124 and 126 can hold add the only about half of of salt filling material total amount, perhaps two cavitys can hold whole salt filling materials.Though when lamp heated, some salt filling material can be vaporized, the salt memory block is transferred in cavity 124 and 126, and its condensation again for salt filling material provides temperature lower slightly zone.Like this, the salt memory block is removed from arc stream district 146, thereby makes speed that the main discharge chamber heats up than slow in the quartz lamp.And then avoided the salt residue to deposit on the inner surface of arc chamber.In addition, lamp can be kept stable operating state for a long time.Though some salt filling materials can condensation in capillary, wherein capillary is by capillary portion 132,134 formations, but Temperature Distribution is such, be positioned at cavity 124, the temperature of the salt filling material in 126 is higher than the temperature of the salt filling material that is arranged in capillary portion, and these higher temperature salt filling materials can be controlled the vapour pressure in the lamp.
In the present invention, the concentration of the contained salt filling material of unit volume is at least 6 to 7 times of conventional quartz lamp in the closed volume of lamp.This performance that finally can add the salt filling material of higher concentration, but lamp is operated under the high voltage under the situation of mercury need not, though can comprise mercury in the filling material if desired.In addition, higher salt filling material concentration can provide the radiation characteristic of improvement in the vaporizing zone, and wherein the higher concentration of salt filling material obtains under stable state.
The spectrum output of the aforementioned lamp of the present invention that is used to test has been shown among Fig. 7.
Add the additive of booster tension in not mercurous conventional quartz lamp after, its voltage approximately is 42V.When astable operating state begins, can obtain higher voltage by the efficient that reduces lamp.In lamp of the present invention, under steady-working state, it is very common reaching the such voltage of about 60V.This higher voltage is converted into less current, thereby reaches required power level, and the lamp with this specific character has been shown among Fig. 7, and its power is 35W.This means, in containing mercury lamp, using the electrode of being developed to worry melt back or evaporation problem.The quartz lamp of low voltage need about 2 times to the electric current of steady-state current, and have the excessively problem of blackout of tube wall, this is owing to promoted the temperature of electrode tip and cause.For example, during the work of the headlight of mercurous 35W, its voltage approximately is 82V, and electric current approximately is 0.44A.
Ji Zai embodiment only is to use some in the multiple mode of the present invention herein, and illustrates at this by means of accompanying drawing, but is not limited to this.Obviously, do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the invention in essence for conspicuous many other embodiment of those of ordinary skills.
Claims (15)
1. electric light comprises:
One can has a tube wall that limits a closed volume, and at least a portion of described tube wall is the light-transmissive window of a substantial transparent, and described closed volume comprises a cavity, and this cavity is communicated with at least one other cavity;
Be contained in the filling material in the described closed volume; And
At least one electrode, described electrode passes described tube wall hermetically, and be stretched over the second end of electrode from the first end of electrode, wherein the first end of this electrode is positioned at a described cavity, and the second end of this electrode is positioned at the outside of described shell so that electrically contact;
Described closed volume is configured and disposed like this, and described filling material has so chemical composition, make in the mode of operation of described lamp, the filling material is vaporized in a described cavity, and the condensation in described at least one other cavity of unnecessary filling material, in described mode of operation, described at least one other cavity provides one to be colder zone with respect to a described cavity in described closed volume.
2. lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shell comprises a tubular portion, it has a first end and one and its opposite second end, at least one first lid, described first lid is installed on the described first end, and described at least one electrode comprises one first electrode, it passes described first lid hermetically, a described cavity is positioned at described tubular portion, and described at least one other cavity comprises one first cavity, and it is between described tubular portion and described first lid.
3. lamp as claimed in claim 2, further comprise one second lid, it is installed on the described the second end, described at least one electrode comprises one second electrode, described at least one other cavity also comprises one second cavity, it is between described tubular portion and described second lid, and described second electrode passes described second lid hermetically.
4. lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein said lamp are that high-intensity discharge lamp and described shell are ceramic.
5. lamp as claimed in claim 3, wherein said tubular portion is columniform single-transistor, and described first lid and described second lid are sintered to respectively on described first end and the described the second end, and described first lid and described second lid are polycrystal aluminas.
6. a high-intensity discharge lamp comprises
One ceramic package, tube wall with a qualification one closed volume, this closed volume comprises a recessed slave part and a major part, this major part has an arc stream district, in position near the arc stream district, this tube wall has the light-transmissive window of a substantial transparent, and this recessed slave part is communicated with this major part in an end of major part.
At least one electrode, it has the first end of an electrode and the second end of an electrode, and this electrode passes tube wall hermetically, and this electrode first end is exposed at the outside of shell so that electrically contact, and this electrode the second end is exposed to the position near the arc stream district;
Be positioned at the filling material of closed volume; And
Described closed volume is configured and disposed like this, and described filling material has so chemical composition, make that there is thermal gradient in (a) between described major part and described recessed slave part in the mode of operation of described lamp, (b) described recessed slave part is than described major part cold, and (c) described filling material is vaporized and unnecessary filling material condensation in described recessed slave part in described major part.
7. lamp as claimed in claim 6, wherein this filling material is not mercurous basically.
8. lamp as claimed in claim 6, wherein the distance of comparing this arc stream district near the part of recessed slave part and this window on this tube wall is far away, and this tube wall is configured and disposed like this, so that enough thermal radiations are provided in the process of lamp operate as normal, be used for making the temperature in the recessed slave part to compare relatively low with the temperature in the arc stream district, therefore with respect to the arc stream district, can promote the condensation of filling material unnecessary in the recessed slave part.
9. lamp as claimed in claim 6, wherein this shell comprises a transparent tubular portion, it comprises described arc stream district and lid, and this electrode passes this lid and seals and be stretched over this arc stream district, and this recessed slave part is positioned at the outside of this transparent tubular portion.
10. lamp as claimed in claim 9, wherein this lid is configured and disposed like this, so that make the temperature of recessed slave part be lower than the temperature in arc stream district.
11. lamp as claimed in claim 9, wherein this lid comprises can increase thermal-radiating face coat.
12. lamp as claimed in claim 9, wherein this lid comprises jut, its along the surface of lid so that increase thermal radiation.
13. the method for work of an electric light as described below, this electric light comprises a can, it has the light-transmissive window of a substantial transparent, described shell comprises a cavity, it is communicated with at least one other cavity, with the filling material that is contained in the described shell, at least one electrode passes described shell hermetically, and be stretched over the electrode the second end from the electrode first end, wherein this electrode first end is positioned at a described cavity, this electrode the second end is positioned at the outside of described shell so that electrically contact, and comprises step:
In the lamp start-up mode, start the excitation of described lamp;
Described filling material is vaporized in a described cavity; And
Make the condensation in described at least one other cavity of unnecessary filling material.
14. the method for work of an electric light as described below, this electric light comprises a ceramic package, it has the tube wall of a qualification one closed volume, this closed volume comprises a recessed slave part and a major part, this major part has an arc stream district, in position near the arc stream district, described tube wall has the light-transmissive window of a substantial transparent, described recessed slave part is communicated with this major part in an end of major part, one first electrode and one second electrode pass described tube wall hermetically, described first electrode and described second electrode have first end and the second end respectively, wherein this first end is exposed to the position near described arc stream district, this the second end is exposed at the outside of described shell so that electrically contact, and a filling material is positioned at described shell, comprises step:
In the lamp start-up mode, start the excitation of described lamp;
Form thermal gradient between described major part and described recessed slave part, described recessed slave part is than described major part cold;
Described filling material is vaporized in described major part; And the condensation in described recessed slave part of unnecessary filling material.
15. an electric light comprises:
One can has a tube wall that limits a closed volume, and at least a portion of described tube wall is the optical transmission window of a substantial transparent;
Be contained in the filling material in the described closed volume;
Pass first and second electrodes of described tube wall hermetically, these two electrodes all have first end and the second end, and these two first ends are oppositely arranged in described closed volume, and these two the second ends are positioned at the outside of described shell so that electrically contact;
Be used to make described filling material in the first of described closed volume, to vaporize and the device of unnecessary filling material condensation in the second portion of described closed volume.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US38094602P | 2002-05-16 | 2002-05-16 | |
| US60/380946 | 2002-05-16 | ||
| US10/247,057 US20040056600A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2002-09-19 | Electric lamp with condensate reservoir and method of operation thereof |
| US10/247057 | 2002-09-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1458664A true CN1458664A (en) | 2003-11-26 |
Family
ID=29272852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03142913A Pending CN1458664A (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-16 | Lamp with condensation storage and its working method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1363313A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004006357A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20030089470A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1458664A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2422433A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102906854A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2013-01-30 | 通用电气公司 | Compact metal halide lamp with salt pool container at its arc tube endparts |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10242740A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | High-pressure discharge lamp for motor vehicle headlights |
| US7839089B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2010-11-23 | General Electric Company | Hermetical lamp sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components |
| US7215081B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2007-05-08 | General Electric Company | HID lamp having material free dosing tube seal |
| US7132797B2 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2006-11-07 | General Electric Company | Hermetical end-to-end sealing techniques and lamp having uniquely sealed components |
| JP2006120599A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-05-11 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | Metallic vapor discharge lamp and metallic vapor discharge lamp lighting device |
| US7358666B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2008-04-15 | General Electric Company | System and method for sealing high intensity discharge lamps |
| JPWO2006046704A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2008-05-22 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | Metal halide lamp and lighting device |
| JP2006310185A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Osram Melco Toshiba Lighting Kk | Metal vapor discharge lamp |
| US7615929B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2009-11-10 | General Electric Company | Ceramic lamps and methods of making same |
| US7432657B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2008-10-07 | General Electric Company | Ceramic lamp having shielded niobium end cap and systems and methods therewith |
| US7852006B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2010-12-14 | General Electric Company | Ceramic lamp having molybdenum-rhenium end cap and systems and methods therewith |
| US7378799B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 | 2008-05-27 | General Electric Company | High intensity discharge lamp having compliant seal |
| US20080106203A1 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2008-05-08 | Gratson Gregory M | Arc Tube for a High Intensity Discharge Lamp |
| US8299709B2 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2012-10-30 | General Electric Company | Lamp having axially and radially graded structure |
| US7728495B2 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2010-06-01 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | HID lamp with frit seal thermal control |
| DE102007045079A1 (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2009-04-02 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | High pressure discharge lamp |
| DE102007061515A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Discharge vessel for a high-pressure discharge lamp |
| US8035304B2 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2011-10-11 | General Electric Company | Ceramic high intensity discharge lamp having uniquely shaped shoulder |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB502321A (en) * | 1937-07-09 | 1939-03-15 | Philips Nv | Improvements in electric discharge tubes |
| NL172194C (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1983-07-18 | Philips Nv | HIGH PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP. |
| USB534443I5 (en) * | 1974-12-19 | 1976-01-27 | ||
| US4295074A (en) * | 1979-03-21 | 1981-10-13 | Rca Corporation | Mercury arc lamp having communicating mercury reservoir |
| HU200031B (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1990-03-28 | Tungsram Reszvenytarsasag | High-pressure discharge lamp |
| KR100396233B1 (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 2003-11-01 | 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | High pressure discharge lamp |
| TW343348B (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-10-21 | Philips Electronics Nv | Metal halide lamp |
| US6583563B1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2003-06-24 | General Electric Company | Ceramic discharge chamber for a discharge lamp |
-
2003
- 2003-03-18 CA CA002422433A patent/CA2422433A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-15 KR KR10-2003-0030836A patent/KR20030089470A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-15 EP EP03010898A patent/EP1363313A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-16 JP JP2003139426A patent/JP2004006357A/en active Pending
- 2003-05-16 CN CN03142913A patent/CN1458664A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102906854A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2013-01-30 | 通用电气公司 | Compact metal halide lamp with salt pool container at its arc tube endparts |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2422433A1 (en) | 2003-11-16 |
| KR20030089470A (en) | 2003-11-21 |
| EP1363313A3 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
| JP2004006357A (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| EP1363313A2 (en) | 2003-11-19 |
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