CN1450785A - Distributed asymmetrical digital user line broadband optical fiber insertion system - Google Patents
Distributed asymmetrical digital user line broadband optical fiber insertion system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1450785A CN1450785A CN02116549A CN02116549A CN1450785A CN 1450785 A CN1450785 A CN 1450785A CN 02116549 A CN02116549 A CN 02116549A CN 02116549 A CN02116549 A CN 02116549A CN 1450785 A CN1450785 A CN 1450785A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- subsystem
- adsl
- apon
- dslam
- distributed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Abstract
The present invention composed of DSLAM subsystem being connected with remote end or the user end as well as being equipped with DSL part in ONU, ADSL Modem at the user end and twisted pair in between; APOW subsystem being connected with telephone exchanger of telecommunication station as well as being equipped with light line terminal, light power beam splitter and PON part in ONU; and network managing and controlling subsystem being equipped with network managing software and hardware platform to be responsible for operation, management and maintenance of the entire switch in system. APON technique and optical fibre are applied at switch in backbone layer and ADSL twisted pair switch in technique at the user switch in layer. Feeder line, wiring and service wire are used for transmission of the whole network and the topology is a tree type in branch structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication field, relate to broadband network access system, refer to a kind of distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system (hereinafter to be referred as distributed DSLAM system) especially.
Background technology
Along with the professional develop rapidly such as data, multimedia that with Internet (the Internet) business is representative, the user is more and more higher to the demand of the network bandwidth.Though, existing backbone bandwidth is owing to adopt advanced Fibre Optical Communication Technology to be expanded greatly, but the Access Network that connects user and telecommunications network is still keeping traditional narrow band access mode, and bottleneck problem does not solve (promptly last " one kilometer " problem) all the time.
In order to satisfy the great demand of user to bandwidth, many broadband access technologys arise at the historic moment.Common broadband access technology has ADSL (ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)), APON (based on the EPON of asynchronous transfer mode), HFC (hybrid fiber coax), LMDS etc.Wherein, relatively more good is ADSL and two kinds of access waies of APON.The great advantage of ADSL access way is: it can utilize existing a large amount of twisted pair telephone fully, and cost is lower, and has bigger customer group.The APON access way is the final direction of Access Network development at bandwidth capacity, transmission quality and with the obvious advantage aspect safeguarding, and is high but its shortcoming is the user's of unit a cost.
Yet, because the core diameter of the twisted pair telephone that telephone network adopted of China mostly is 0.32mm and 0.4mm at present, and quality is not very very good, causes circuit transmission quality extreme difference, and this brings following adverse effect for domestic ADSL access way: 1, the service fulfillment rate is low.The present domestic twisted pair telephone that can support that ADSL transmits only is 10%.2, network coverage face is little, and actual user's number is few.The ADSL effective propagation path is the 3-5 kilometer in theory, and actual domestic covering radius is far below 5 kilometers.3, message transmission rate is limited.The upstream rate of ADSL is 640Kbit/s～1Mbit/s in theory, and downstream rate is 1Mbit/s～8Mbit/s, but in the practical application mostly below 520bit/s, and be subjected to the restriction of twisted-pair feeder quality and transmission range.4, circuit is numerous, the operation maintenance complexity.
Therefore, existing DSLAM system (ADSL combines with atm technology) is difficult to the development of competent following band width service, must adopt new technology could solve the problem that exists in the reality, brings into play the advantage of ADSL broadband access method better.
Opposite with above-mentioned ADSL situation, with APON is the Technology of Light Access Network of representative, then demonstrate greater advantage in the following areas: 1, transmission capacity is huge, the bandwidth up and down of utility system can reach 155Mbit/s～622Mbit/s, and constantly dilatation, speed can reach more than the Gbit/s, very easily satisfies the ever-increasing bandwidth demand of user.2, be subjected to electromagnetic interference little, the good and strong security of transmission quality.3, loss is little, and transmission range is long, can reach about 20 kilometers.4, failure rate is low, safeguards easily.Based on this, APON is counted as following fiber-to-the-home best access way.But its maximum shortcoming is that cost is too high, and the price of unit bandwidth is that present user is difficult to bear.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the broadband access of traditional DSLAM system telephone twisted-pair feeder is second-rate, the fiber broadband cost of access the is too high problem and the contradiction of broadband access cost and transmission quality, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system (be called for short distributed DSLAM system), this broadband light connecting system combines the advantage of APON and two kinds of access technologies of ADSL, for the user provides a kind of low cost, high-quality Broadband Internet connecting system.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following design: a kind of distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system, and it is made of the DSLAM subsystem that links to each other with far-end or user side, the APON subsystem that links to each other with the telecommunication bureau telephone exchange and webmaster and control subsystem; Described DSLAM subsystem by the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) in the integrating optical network element (be called for short ONU) partly, user side ADSLModem and twisted-pair feeder therebetween form, is responsible for the multiplexing of native system ADSL business and decomposition; The APON subsystem is made up of the part of the PON (EPON) among optical line terminal (OLT), luminous power beam splitter (Splitter) and the ONU, the professional transmission of the ATM after responsible native system compiles; Webmaster and control subsystem are made up of the webmastering software and the hardware platform of the operation of being responsible for whole connecting system, management and maintenance;
The present invention adopts the APON technology inserting the trunk layer, adopts Optical Fiber Transmission; At User Access Layer, adopt ADSL twisted-pair feeder access technology; Whole network adopts feeder line, distribution, lead-in three part modes to transmit in transmission, and topology is tree type branched structure.
Optical line terminal (OLT) in the described APON subsystem is placed on telecommunications exchange, and mainly responsible native system is connected with service network (as telephone network, the Internet etc.); Luminous power beam splitter (Splitter) in the described APON subsystem is placed on outdoor usually, is responsible for signal is distributed to each ONU.
Integrating optical network element (ONU) in the described DSLAM subsystem is placed on far-end or user place, realizes the access of ADSL subscriber's line.
Described feeder line, distribution, lead-in three part transmission meanss are: the optical line terminal from telecommunication bureau's telephone exchange to the APON subsystem is the feeder line transmission, integrating optical network element from the optical line terminal of APON subsystem to the DSLAM subsystem is the distribution transmission, and the ADSL Modem equipment from the integrating optical network element of DSLAM subsystem to the user is the transmission of twisted-pair feeder lead-in.
Described webmaster and control subsystem are distributed among each physical unit of access net system, and it comprises with the lower part: optical line terminal (OLT) controller, network management data storehouse server, client station and data communication network.
Because the present invention adopts above technology, APON technology and ADSL technology are combined, make the present invention have a plurality of innovation parts than traditional DSLAM system on general design idea and the embodiment: 1, to introduce wavelength-division multiplex technique (WDM) on the general frame, partly replace the power beam splitting with lambda router, WDM is combined with APON, form compound EPON (CPON).The characteristics that not only have APON and WDM-PON solution have solved the demand of user aspect language, data and image transmission comprehensively, and with the product compatibility of APON technology.2, bring into play the advantage of Optical Fiber Transmission, realized the fusion of PON network and ADSL network.Enlarge ADSL network coverage area, reduced simultaneously cost of access effectively, and can be according to the scale of the needs flexible configuration access network of real network.3, adopt Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation mechanism, changed the static bandwidth allocation mode of a traditional port of a DSLAM hold facility, not only improved bandwidth availability ratio but also guaranteed service quality.4, based on atm technology, realized the fusion of broadband services and narrow band service, satisfy the multiple business demand.5, adopt the high density of stack of multilayer cabinet and user port data integrated, greatly reduce customer charge.At the cabinet design aspect, improved the port density of Line cards on the one hand, realize the cascade of multilayer cabinet on the other hand, reduce user's average access fee and use.Simultaneously, adopt the front and back panel design, convenience and aesthetic property that raising equipment uses.6,, simple and cost is low based on the network management system of snmp protocol.With SNMPv1/v2 is the facilities network guard system, makes full use of the convenience of Internet management, and in conjunction with the thought of Web, CORBA, TMN, realize simple, expense is low, and ease for use is good.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the network structure of the distributed DSLAM of the present invention system
Fig. 2 is webmaster of the present invention and control subsystem flow chart
Fig. 3 is webmaster of the present invention and control subsystem physical composition figure
Fig. 4 is traditional DSLAM connecting system
Fig. 5 is the distributed DSLAM connecting system of the present invention
Embodiment
The distributed DSLAM of the present invention system is on the basis of traditional DSLAM connecting system, based on ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) technology, introducing APON inserts and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, make full use of APON at transmission quality, capacity with the advantage aspect safeguarding, realize ADSL and the fusion of APON technology on network, finally build up have multimedia, the integrated service access system of full-service characteristic.
As shown in Figure 1, the distributed DSLAM of the present invention system is made of DSLAM subsystem, APON subsystem and webmaster and control subsystem; Wherein,
The DSLAM subsystem by the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) in the integrating optical network element (be called for short ONU) partly, user side ADSL Modem and twisted-pair feeder therebetween form, is responsible for the multiplexing of native system ADSL business and decomposition;
The APON subsystem is made up of the part of the PON (EPON) among optical line terminal (OLT), luminous power beam splitter (Splitter) and the ONU, the professional transmission of the ATM after responsible native system compiles;
Webmaster and control subsystem are made up of the webmastering software and the hardware platform of the operation of being responsible for whole connecting system, management and maintenance.
As shown in Figure 1, the optical line terminal (OLT) in the distributed DSLAM of the present invention system is placed on telecommunications exchange, and mainly responsible native system is connected with service network (as telephone network, the Internet etc.); Luminous power beam splitter (Splitter) is placed on outdoorly usually in the system, and be responsible for signal is distributed to each ONU: the integrating optical network element (ONU) in the system is placed on far-end or user place, realizes the access of ADSL subscriber's line.
Fig. 2 is webmaster of the present invention and control subsystem flow chart.Fig. 3 is webmaster of the present invention and control subsystem physical composition figure.As shown in the figure, the network management system software distribution is among each physical unit of access net system, and it comprises with the lower part: optical line terminal (OLT) controller, network management data storehouse server, client station and data communication network.
Optical line terminal (OLT) controller: being responsible for and the OLT node communication, mainly adopting snmp protocol, is the manager of SNMP framework.Node Controller adopts DCOM (DCOM) mode and NM server to interact, and is implemented in storage alarm information and statistical correlation information in the network management data storehouse.As a background program, it may operate in Windows NT or the Windows95/98/2000 environment.
Network management data storehouse server: mainly be in charge of the preservation of division, management information in territory and security control etc.Database access is based on the open database connectivity (odbc) standard, supports the several data storehouse based on SQL, adopts Windows NT Server 4.0/Windows 2000 Server and SQLServer7.0.
Client station: be used for the access of management service, comprise graphic user interface (GUI) client and Web client.
Data communication network (DCN): realize by 10/100Base-T Ethernet, Internet or PSTN Dial-up Network, can adopt backup mode to improve reliability.
The network management personnel realizes Network Management by client station.The network management personnel is if change the configuration information of the ONU equipment of far-end, must the OLT Node Controller be handed in administration order by client station (being common PC) at machine room, adopt snmp protocol to be handed down to the Control Software of moving in the OLT equipment by OLT Node Controller (being common PC) again, give ONU by the OLT device forwards again after handling by analysis, after ONU finishes the result is returned to administrative staff, and be kept in the network management data storehouse.Ethernet among the figure and Internet are the communication that is used between equipment, the main frame.In the management process, all information all need be preserved in the server of network management data storehouse, and the user will realize that bookkeeping at first must be through server authentication.
The present invention adopts brand-new network architecture thought, and is different with " feeder line+lead-in " structure of traditional DSLAM system.The whole network of the present invention is divided into feeder line (from the switch to OLT, optical fiber), distribution (from OLT to ONU, optical fiber), lead-in (the ADSL Modem equipment from ONU to user, twisted-pair feeder) three parts in transmission, topology is tree type branched structure.Inserting the trunk layer, adopt the APON technology, adopt Optical Fiber Transmission, transmission range is the 0-20 kilometer; At User Access Layer, adopt ADSL twisted-pair feeder access technology, transmission range is the 3-5 kilometer.When signal from up when down direction transmission (being OLT ONU), the data flow that comes from service network is introduced through OLT equipment, and employing Time Division Multiplexing mechanism, by OLT equipment signal is propagated into each ONU (or DSLAM), ONU (or DSLAM) receives the service signal of oneself again according to specific sign, give corresponding ADSL user with signal forwarding then; When signal from descending when up direction transmission (being ONU OLT), business from each user is at first located to compile at ONU (or DSLAM), adopt the mechanism of time division multiple access (TDMA) again,, pass to service network to the OLT place after multiplexing at last with other ONU competition upstream bandwidth.
Fig. 4 is traditional DSLAM connecting system; Fig. 5 is the distributed DSLAM connecting system of the present invention.As seen from the figure, the distributed DSLAM connecting system of the present invention is compared with traditional DSLAM connecting system and is had following advantage:
1, reduced telecommunications exchange local side equipment interface.Each DSLAM equipment of traditional DSLAM connecting system needs a local side interface (ATM); And distributed DSLAM system a plurality of (greater than 8) DSLAM equipment only needs a local side interface, has greatly reduced cost.
2, transmission range and network coverage area are expanded greatly.Traditional DSLAM connecting system transmission range only has the 3-5 kilometer; And the transmission range maximum of distributed DSLAM system can reach 25 kilometers, and network coverage is wide.
3, message transmission rate and quality improve.Traditional DSLAM connecting system, under the perfect condition, downstream rate is 8Mbit/s, following behavior 1Mbit/s, actual conditions are far from so, and the transmission quality extreme difference; And distributed DSLAM system can not only fully guarantee the ideal rate of ADSL, can also improve higher each other transmission rate (more than 20Mbit/s).
The present invention combines APON and ADSL access technology by above technical scheme, has thoroughly overcome the restriction of existing DSLAM system aspect transmission range and transmission rate, has greatly expanded network coverage area; Simultaneously, also a kind of low cost, high-quality Broadband Internet access way are provided for the user.
Only in order to explanation the present invention, clearly the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of these embodiment to above embodiment.Any modification of those of ordinary skill in the art, be out of shape or be equal to replacement, all be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention based on flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system is characterized in that: this system is made of the DSLAM subsystem that links to each other with far-end or user side, the APON subsystem that links to each other with the telecommunication bureau telephone exchange and webmaster and control subsystem;
Described DSLAM subsystem by the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) in the integrating optical network element (be called for short ONU) partly, user side ADSL Modem and twisted-pair feeder therebetween form, is responsible for the multiplexing of native system ADSL business and decomposition;
The APON subsystem is made up of the part of the PON (EPON) among optical line terminal (OLT), luminous power beam splitter (Splitter) and the ONU, the professional transmission of the ATM after responsible native system compiles;
Webmaster and control subsystem are made up of the webmastering software and the hardware platform of the operation of being responsible for whole connecting system, management and maintenance;
The present invention adopts the APON technology inserting the trunk layer, adopts Optical Fiber Transmission; At User Access Layer, adopt ADSL twisted-pair feeder access technology; Whole network adopts feeder line, distribution, lead-in three part modes to transmit in transmission, and topology is tree type branched structure.
2, distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the optical line terminal (OLT) in the described APON subsystem is placed on telecommunications exchange, and mainly responsible native system is connected with service network (as telephone network, the Internet etc.);
Luminous power beam splitter (Splitter) in the described APON subsystem is placed on outdoor usually, is responsible for signal is distributed to each ONU.
3, distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the integrating optical network element (ONU) in the described DSLAM subsystem is placed on far-end or user place, realizes the access of ADSL subscriber's line.
4, distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feeder line, distribution, lead-in three part transmission meanss are: the optical line terminal from telecommunication bureau's telephone exchange to the APON subsystem is the feeder line transmission, integrating optical network element from the optical line terminal of APON subsystem to the DSLAM subsystem is the distribution transmission, and the ADSL Modem equipment from the integrating optical network element of DSLAM subsystem to the user is the transmission of twisted-pair feeder lead-in.
5, distributed ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband light connecting system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described webmaster and control subsystem are distributed among each physical unit of access net system, and it comprises with the lower part: optical line terminal (OLT) controller, network management data storehouse server, client station and data communication network.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02116549A CN1450785A (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Distributed asymmetrical digital user line broadband optical fiber insertion system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02116549A CN1450785A (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Distributed asymmetrical digital user line broadband optical fiber insertion system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1450785A true CN1450785A (en) | 2003-10-22 |
Family
ID=28680762
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02116549A Pending CN1450785A (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Distributed asymmetrical digital user line broadband optical fiber insertion system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1450785A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007115436A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | Yfc-Boneagle Electric Co., Ltd. | Group wiring system allowing locating of wire pairs and method for locating wire pairs in group wiring system |
| CN100385871C (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2008-04-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wind-band access-in system |
| CN100417082C (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-09-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for carrying out terminal management for passive optical network based on Ethernet |
| CN100448213C (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-12-31 | 陈勇 | HFC network wideband access system based on MoCA technology |
| WO2009030161A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-12 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Backward compatible pon coexistence |
| CN1859585B (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2010-04-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Broad band user cut-in processing method and device and user interface board |
| US7860029B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2010-12-28 | Nec Corporation | Subscriber line accommodation device and packet filtering method |
| CN1929433B (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2011-04-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for interconnection of broad band stationary wireless access-in network and digital user wire network |
| CN101312449B (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2011-06-08 | 魏建才 | Synthetic access equipment |
| CN1929430B (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2011-07-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for interconnection of broad band stationary wireless switch-in network and digital user wire network |
| CN101610437B (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-11-07 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Full-service access method based on optical fibers and coaxial cable |
| CN104394031A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-04 | 华为软件技术有限公司 | Method and device for forecasting access rate of broadband network |
| CN105122834A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-12-02 | 英国电讯有限公司 | Communications network |
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 CN CN02116549A patent/CN1450785A/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7860029B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2010-12-28 | Nec Corporation | Subscriber line accommodation device and packet filtering method |
| CN100417082C (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-09-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for carrying out terminal management for passive optical network based on Ethernet |
| CN1929430B (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2011-07-20 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for interconnection of broad band stationary wireless switch-in network and digital user wire network |
| CN1929433B (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2011-04-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for interconnection of broad band stationary wireless access-in network and digital user wire network |
| CN100385871C (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2008-04-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wind-band access-in system |
| CN1859585B (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2010-04-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Broad band user cut-in processing method and device and user interface board |
| WO2007115436A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | Yfc-Boneagle Electric Co., Ltd. | Group wiring system allowing locating of wire pairs and method for locating wire pairs in group wiring system |
| CN100448213C (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-12-31 | 陈勇 | HFC network wideband access system based on MoCA technology |
| CN101312449B (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2011-06-08 | 魏建才 | Synthetic access equipment |
| WO2009030161A1 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-12 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Backward compatible pon coexistence |
| US8855490B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2014-10-07 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Backward compatible PON coexistence |
| CN101610437B (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2012-11-07 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Full-service access method based on optical fibers and coaxial cable |
| CN105122834A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-12-02 | 英国电讯有限公司 | Communications network |
| CN105122834B (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2018-11-30 | 英国电讯有限公司 | The method of communication network and operation communication network |
| US11018771B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2021-05-25 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Communications network |
| CN104394031A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-04 | 华为软件技术有限公司 | Method and device for forecasting access rate of broadband network |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Green | Fiber to the home: the next big broadband thing | |
| Abrams et al. | FTTP deployments in the United States and Japan-equipment choices and service provider imperatives | |
| Kramer et al. | Ethernet passive optical network (EPON): Building a next-generation optical access network | |
| Payne et al. | The future of fibre access systems? | |
| Shumate | Fiber-to-the-home: 1977–2007 | |
| Chanclou et al. | Overview of the optical broadband access evolution: a joint article by operators in the IST network of excellence e-Photon/One | |
| US7826378B2 (en) | PON with distributed virtual port loopback | |
| CN1450785A (en) | Distributed asymmetrical digital user line broadband optical fiber insertion system | |
| US20070274718A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for communicating between a legacy pon network and an upgraded pon network | |
| CN100417082C (en) | Method for carrying out terminal management for passive optical network based on Ethernet | |
| Bell et al. | On-ramp prospects for the information superhighway dream: will the goal of a single, universally available network carrying a wide variety of data types ever be achieved? | |
| Effenberger et al. | Passive optical networks (PONs): past, present, and future | |
| Ueda et al. | Deployment status and common technical specifications for a B-PON system | |
| CA2385939A1 (en) | Network management method and system for managing a broadband network providing multiple services | |
| Frazier et al. | Ethernet takes on the first mile | |
| Lu et al. | System and cost analyses of broad-band fiber loop architectures | |
| US20070286207A1 (en) | Hybrid IP/ATM NT and method of providing hybrid IP/ATM network termination | |
| Gillespie et al. | Evolving access networks: A European perspective | |
| Kadhim et al. | Design and implementation of a practical FTTH network | |
| CN1148899C (en) | Broad-band full-service integrated network access method | |
| US20080130247A1 (en) | Broadband-narrowband combining board in integrated access apparatus | |
| Isaev et al. | Analysis of methods for ensuring reliability indicators of PON networks | |
| Yiannopoulos et al. | PANDA: asymmetric passive optical network for xDSL and FTTH access | |
| Wosinskal et al. | Reliability performance of passive optical networks | |
| Ali et al. | Prospects and Problems of FTTx Deployment in Bangladesh by GPON Technology |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |