CN1449197A - B image mode determining method and apparatus of video coding system - Google Patents
B image mode determining method and apparatus of video coding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1449197A CN1449197A CN 02108431 CN02108431A CN1449197A CN 1449197 A CN1449197 A CN 1449197A CN 02108431 CN02108431 CN 02108431 CN 02108431 A CN02108431 A CN 02108431A CN 1449197 A CN1449197 A CN 1449197A
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T9/00—Image coding
- G06T9/004—Predictors, e.g. intraframe, interframe coding
Abstract
42. The method and device to determine B image mode in the video coding system: setting the initial values of absolute deviation and SAD of 4*4 and 16*16 intra-predictive mode, forward predictive mode, backward predictive mode, bidirectional predictive mode, direct predictive mode; calculating the SAD value of each mode; selecting the mode with the lowest SAD value to be the predictive mode of B image coding. Setting the penalty values of additional bits of each mode to be the initial SAD values, especially, in order to select the direct mode in the flat area with zero movement, set the initial value of the direct mode to be -16*QP(QP). By the method, the bit rate is significantly lowered and the coding performance of image information is improved.
Description
Technical field
The B image pattern that the present invention relates in the video coding system is determined method and apparatus, be particularly related in the coded system of using the B image pattern, select direct predictive mode to reduce the bit rate of coded system as much as possible, the B image pattern in this type of video coding system is determined method and apparatus.
Technical background
In video coding system, can from the last width of cloth and a back width of cloth through decoding ' any width of cloth the P ' or two width of cloth dope such as H.26L ' B ' image.
Therefore, compare with the coded system of the image of use ' P ' only, the visual video coding system of uses ' B ' can obtain higher code efficiency, particularly, for low speed moves image sequence, can obtain sizable gain.
In video coding system, use five kinds of modes right ' B ' image encodes, and has block size and be 4 * 4 and 16 * 16 inner estimation mode, forward prediction mode, back forecast pattern, bi-predictive mode and direct predictive mode that is:.
In these patterns, macro block shown in Figure 1 (macro block, the base unit of the image of encoding) optimization model determines that method is to calculate the absolute deviation of predictive mode and (SAD) value, this is the predicated error method of measurement between original picture and the predictive image, selects wherein to have the predictive mode of the pattern of minimum sad value as macro block.
Determine in the method at this quasi-mode,,, always need to add extra added bit according to the grammer of this pattern although on the basis of sad value, determined optimal mode according to predicated error.
Added bit influences the length of whole bit stream, so bit rate increases, causes the reduction of coding efficiency in the video coding system.
For example, if determine that bi-predictive mode is the optimization model with minimum sad value, so except coded bit stream, also will be with four parts, be that add in the bit stream for the treatment of inclined to one side sign indicating number to the added bit of block size information, forward motion vector information and backward motion vector information reference frame information, forward direction and back, thereby bit rate increases thereupon, and the coding efficiency of video coding system has also reduced.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apparatus and method, wherein, when calculating sad value, deduct 16 * QP in order to provide a kind of Direct Model that need not add added bit for you to choose
0(QP), thereby reduce bit rate significantly, and improved the coding efficiency of pictorial information.
In order to realize aforementioned and other advantage, according to purpose of the present invention, as at this as embodiment and described in detail, provide the B image pattern in a kind of video coding system to determine method and apparatus.This method may further comprise the steps: 4 * 4 and 16 * 16 inner estimation modes, forward prediction mode, back forecast pattern, bi-predictive mode and the absolute deviation of direct predictive mode and initial value (SAD) are set; Calculate the value of the SAD of every kind of pattern; Selection has the pattern of minimum sad value as macro-block coding pattern.
By the following detailed description of the invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, can more be expressly understood the present invention above-mentioned with other purpose, feature, aspect and advantage.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a part that the invention provides more deep understanding and constitute specification, and accompanying drawing has shown the preferred embodiments of the present invention and explained principle of the present invention with specification.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the macro block in 1/4th public intermediate form (QCIF) images;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for B image pattern of determining in video coding system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the figure that shows B image macro block grammer;
Fig. 4 A shows is the relation between Direct Model and the true propulsion under the situation about being more or less the same between predictive mode and the real motion in the high-speed motion image;
Fig. 4 B shows is the relation between Direct Model and the true propulsion under the situation about differing greatly between predictive mode and the real motion in the high-speed motion image;
Fig. 4 C shows is the relation between Direct Model and the true propulsion in the low-speed motion image.
Preferred embodiment describes in detail
Now the preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically addressed, have shown their example in the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the method for B image pattern of determining in video coding system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the method for definite B image pattern comprises following each step in video coding system: set the SAD initial value of every kind of pattern, comprise from SAD initial set value (being the SAD initial set value of Direct Model) deducting 16 * QP
0(QP), improving the selection possibility of Direct Model, and to be used for 4 * 4 and 16 * 16 inner estimation modes, forward prediction mode, back forecast pattern, bi-predictive mode and directly the added bit of these patterns such as predictive mode carried out considering (S1); Calculate the sad value (S2) of various patterns; According to result of calculation, select to have the pattern of minimum sad value as B picture coding pattern (S3).
Followingly determine that according to of the present invention the method for B image pattern describes in video coding system with reference to Fig. 3 and 4 pairs.
Fig. 3 is the figure that shows the macro block grammer of B image.
As shown in Figure 3, forward prediction mode needs two supplementarys as added bit, as reference frame (only when using a plurality of reference frame) and forward motion vector, the back forecast pattern needs a supplementary as added bit, as backward motion vector, and four information of bi-predictive mode needs are as added bit, as reference frame, forward direction and back to block size, forward motion vector and backward motion vector.
Coded block pattern (CBP) has illustrated which 8 * 8 of 16 * 16 macro blocks comprise non-zero transform coefficient, and Dquant is the value that the Bit-Rate Control Algorithm for video coding system is provided with.
Thus, determine in the method that in order to calculate the predicated error calculated value, i.e. sad value is set to initial value to the penalty value of the added bit of every kind of pattern, carries out the calculating of predicated error then in the B of video coding system image pattern.
These calculating have influence on the optimal prediction modes that any pattern can be confirmed as macro block.
Promptly, because sad value had both been considered the influence of added bit, consider the influence of predicated error again, thereby solved the problem of determining to determine according to the sad value of only having considered predicated error in the method bit rate increase that optimal prediction modes causes in traditional pattern.
Simultaneously, for the situation of 16 * 16 inner estimation modes and direct predictive mode,, thereby there is not any added bit because they do not need the side information to the video coding system grammer.But, in the statement mode type, need many bits (at least 5 bits), and Direct Model needs only 1 bit (owing to coding number=0 of Direct Model, so be 1 bit) for 16 * 16 inner estimation modes.
Therefore, though these two kinds of patterns without any need for added bit, also should calculate the SAD initial value according to diverse ways.
For example, being characterized as of low-speed motion sequence has zero flat region of moving.
When the model number by appointment in simulating the low-speed motion sequence compares, it should be noted that 16 * 16 internal schemas are selected probably in the flat region.
But, for 16 * 16 internal schemas, need a lot of bits to represent mode type, like this, because the increase of bit number will cause losing of bit.
Therefore, in order to prevent that 16 * 16 internal schemas are assigned to the flat region with zero motion, used the method for a kind of effective utilization zero motion feature in the method for in video coding system, determining the B image pattern according to the present invention.
That is to say, when carrying out model selection,, in the sad value of direct predictive mode, deduct 16 * QP in order to select Direct Model rather than 16 * 16 internal schemas
0(QP).
Here, QP
0(QP) be the pointer (pointer) of quantization encoding ' QUANT ', be used for the calibration (scaling) that predictive mode is selected.
As a reference, ' QUANT ' in H.263 and H.26L in ' QP ' between relation be: QUANT (QP)=QP
0(QP)=2
QP/6
Certainly, there is the problem of a compromise selection between the two, but because the bit number of saving is so big, so that can ignore the reduction of quality, still can obtains and keep acceptable visual quality in the saving of visual quality and bit rate.
Fig. 4 A shown according to the present invention to Fig. 4 C, formerly between reference picture and the B image, and the relation between Direct Model and the true propulsion.
As Fig. 4 A to shown in the 4C, because the reduction of the sad value of Direct Model is chosen as B image predictive mode to Direct Model, and real motion is similar to propulsion.
Yet, if directly prediction and according to having a long way to go between the prediction of real motion is defined as forward prediction mode shown in Fig. 4 B to B image predictive mode.
This relation also can be applied in the same way the back to and two-way mode.
That is to say, shown in Fig. 4 A, although be the motion of high speed relatively, if directly the sad value of predictive mode is less than the sad value of forward prediction mode, just select Direct Model, rather than forward direction, back to and two-way mode, so just do not had the added bit number that makes an addition to information data.
Similarly, shown in Fig. 4 C, if low-speed motion is also selected Direct Model, rather than forward direction, back to and two-way mode, especially under the situation of zero motion, because 16 * 16 internal schemas have become Direct Model, so can more effectively reduce bit rate.
Therefore, by adopting above-mentioned mode selecting method, can provide the performance of improvement for the B image.
At this moment, can obtain to consider the SAD initial value of the various patterns of B picture coding grammer as follows:
4 * 4 internal schemas:
SAD_4×4_intra
0＝QP
0(QP)×Order_of_prediction_mode+24×QP
0(QP) ……(1)
16 * 16 internal schemas:
SAD_16×16_intra
0＝0 ……(2)
Forward prediction mode:
SAD_fw
0＝QP
0(QP)×(2×code_number_of_ref_frame+Bits_to_code_MVDFW) ……(3)
The back forecast pattern:
SAD_bw
0＝QP
0(QP)×Bits_to_code_MVDBW ……(4)
Bi-predictive mode:
SAD_bid
0＝QP
0(QP)×(2×code_number_of_ref_frame+
Bits_to_code_forward_blk_size+Bits_to_code_backward_blk_size+
Bits_to_code_MDVFW+Bits_to_code_MDVBW) ……(5)
Direct predictive mode:
SAD_dir0＝-16×QP
0(QP) ……(6)
In the formula: SAD_4 * 4_intra
0, SAD_16 * 16_intra
0, SAD_fw
0, SAD_bw
0, SAD_bid
0, SAD_dir
0Represent the initial value of various patterns.
Referring now to Fig. 3 above-mentioned formula is described.
Code_number_of_ref_frame represents that the numbering of reference frame (for example, when a certain frame of quoting is in after the frame outside the frame own, is numbered ' 0 '; And when quoting a frame after two frames, be numbered ' 1 ').Order_of_prediction_mode represents that the pattern according to contiguous block determines the possibility order of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes.Bits_to_code_MDVFW is the bit number that is used to represent the forward motion vector deviation.Bits_to_code_MDVBW is the bit number that is used to represent the backward motion vector deviation.Bits_to_code_forward_blk_size is the bit number that is used to represent the block size of propulsion prediction.Bits_to_code_backward_blk_size is the bit number that is used to represent the block size of reverse prediction.
Introduce below and determine method according to the B image pattern in video coding system of different embodiments of the invention.
Consider the added bit of 4 * 4 and 16 * 16 inner estimation modes, forward prediction mode, back forecast pattern, bi-predictive mode and direct predictive mode, the SAD initial value of various patterns is set.Based on the SAD initial value of setting, calculate the sad value of various patterns respectively.In the sad value of each calculating, deduct a particular value, perhaps in the sad value of each calculating, add a particular value and (for example,, from the sad value of direct predictive mode, deduct 16 * QP for the situation of direct predictive mode
0(QP); And, in the sad value of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes, add 24 * QP for the situation of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes
0(QP)), to be increased in the possibility of choosing Direct Model in the model selection process.Then, in the sad value of various patterns, select to have the pattern of minimum sad value as the pattern that the B image is encoded.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the B image pattern in the video coding system determines that method is programmed to a process, to be adopted by video coding system.
At this moment, apparent, should comprise with video coding system in the B image pattern determine relevant computing unit of method (that is, SAD calculator, arithmetic calculator etc.) and selected cell.
In sum, determine that according to the B image pattern in the video coding system of the present invention method has the following advantages.
That is, the penalty value of the added bit of every kind of pattern is set to the SAD initial value, especially, for Direct Model is selected in the flat region with zero motion, rather than 16 * 16 internal schemas, the SAD initial value of Direct Model is set to-16 * QP
0(QP), thereby can reduce bit rate significantly, improve the coding efficiency of pictorial information.
Under the situation that does not break away from aim of the present invention or substantive characteristics, the present invention can implement in a variety of forms, so unless stated otherwise, previously described any details does not constitute the restriction to above preferred embodiment, and should in the spirit and scope that claim limited, carry out the explanation of broad sense, therefore fall into the scope of claim, perhaps all changes within the equivalent of these scopes and improvement all should be considered to be encompassed in the appended claim.
Claims (20)
1. the B image pattern in the video coding system is determined method, may further comprise the steps:
Consider the added bit of 4 * 4 and 16 * 16 inner estimation modes, forward prediction mode, back forecast pattern, bi-predictive mode and direct predictive mode, set the SAD initial value of every kind of pattern;
Based on the SAD initial value of setting, calculate the sad value of various patterns;
In the sad value of various patterns, select to have the pattern of minimum sad value as the macroblock prediction pattern that is used for the B picture coding.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step that the SAD initial value is set, consider the added bit of various patterns, from the SAD initial set value of various patterns, deduct or add certain penalty value, set the SAD initial value of various patterns.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterized in that for the situation of direct predictive mode, described certain penalty value is-16 * QP
0(QP), for the situation of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes, described certain penalty value is 24 * QP
0(QP).
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterized in that, when the deviation between motion vector value that is calculated by Direct Model and the motion vector value that calculated by real motion is unacceptable, QP
0(QP) be provided with, make the selected conduct of B image by the motion vector value of real motion prediction, rather than by the motion vector value of Direct Model prediction.
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the SAD initial value of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes is defined as QP
0(QP) * Order_of_prediction_mode+24 * QP
0(QP), in the formula, Order_of_prediction_mode is a possibility order of determining 4 * 4 inner estimation modes according to the pattern of contiguous block.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the SAD initial value of 16 * 16 inner estimation modes is ' 0 '.
7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the SAD initial value of forward prediction mode is defined as QP
0(QP) * (2 * code_number_of_ref_frame+Bits_to_code_MVDFW), in the formula, code_number_of_ref_frame is the numbering of reference frame, and Bits_to_code_MDVFW is the bit number that is used to represent the forward motion vector deviation.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the SAD initial value of back forecast pattern is defined as QP
0(QP) * and Bits_to_code_MVDBW, Bits_to_code_MVDBW is the bit number that is used to represent the backward motion vector deviation in the formula.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the SAD initial value of bi-predictive mode is defined as QP
0(QP) * (2 * code_number_of_ref_frame+Bits_to_code_forward_blk_size+B its_to_code_backward_blk_size+Bits_to_code_MDVFW+Bits_to _ code_MDVBW), in the formula, Bits_to_code_forward_blk_size is the bit number that is used to represent the block size of propulsion prediction, Bits_to_code_backward_blk_size is the bit number that is used to represent the block size of reverse prediction, Bits_to_code_MVDBW is the bit number that is used to represent the backward motion vector deviation, and Bits_to_code_MDVFW is the bit number that is used to represent the forward motion vector deviation.
10. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that directly the SAD initial value of predictive mode is-16 * QP
0(QP).
11. the method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of calculating SAD may further comprise the steps: from/to the sad value that calculates, deduct/add certain particular value, to increase the possibility that Direct Model is chosen as the macroblock prediction pattern.
12. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, selects in the step of possibility increasing Direct Model, deducts 16 * QP from the sad value of the direct predictive mode that calculates
0(QP), in the sad value of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes, add 24 * QP
0(QP).
13. the method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, when the deviation between motion vector value that is calculated by Direct Model and the motion vector value that calculated by real motion is unacceptable, to QP
0(QP) be provided with, make the selected conduct of B image by the motion vector value of real motion prediction, rather than by the motion vector value of Direct Model prediction.
14. the B image pattern in the video coding system is determined device, comprising:
Processor, executive program, with consider 4 * 4 and 16 * 16 inner estimation modes, forward prediction mode, back forecast pattern, bi-predictive mode and directly predictive mode added bit and set the SAD initial value of every kind of pattern; With the SAD initial value of setting is the sad value that various patterns are calculated on the basis respectively; And in the sad value of various patterns, select to have the pattern of minimum sad value as B picture coding pattern.
15. the device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, processor passes through to consider the added bit of various patterns, from/deduct/add certain penalty value to the SAD of various patterns initial set value, thus the SAD initial value of every kind of pattern is set.
16. the device according to claim 15 is characterized in that, for the situation of direct predictive mode, penalty value is-16 * QP
0And for the situation of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes, penalty value is 24 * QP (QP),
0(QP).
17. the device according to claim 16 is characterized in that, when the deviation between motion vector value that is calculated by Direct Model and the motion vector value that calculated by real motion is unacceptable, to QP
0(QP) be provided with, make the selected conduct of B image by the motion vector value of real motion prediction, rather than by the motion vector value of Direct Model prediction.
18. the device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, processor from/to the sad value that calculates, deduct/add a particular value, in model selection, to increase the possibility of selecting Direct Model.
19. the device according to claim 18 is characterized in that, for the situation of direct predictive mode, described particular value is-16 * QP
0And for the situation of 4 * 4 inner estimation modes, described particular value is 24 * QP (QP),
0(QP).
20. the device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, when the deviation between motion vector value that is calculated by Direct Model and the motion vector value that calculated by real motion is unacceptable, to QP
0(QP) be provided with, make the selected conduct of B image by the motion vector value of real motion prediction, rather than by the motion vector value of Direct Model prediction.
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