CN1449095A - DC exciting magnetic motor - Google Patents
DC exciting magnetic motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1449095A CN1449095A CN 03113457 CN03113457A CN1449095A CN 1449095 A CN1449095 A CN 1449095A CN 03113457 CN03113457 CN 03113457 CN 03113457 A CN03113457 A CN 03113457A CN 1449095 A CN1449095 A CN 1449095A
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Abstract
The DC exciting magnetic motor has rotor on the rotating shaft and with several sets of rotor magnetic poles in the same polarity, and stator connected to the seat and with several sets of stator magnetic poles in the same polarity. At least one kind of the stator magnetic poles and the rotor magnetic poles is exciting magnetic poles operating under the control of the control mechanism comprising electric brush, metal slip ring, synchronous switching metal piece. The central line of the rotor magnetic pole cross section and that of the stator magnetic pole cross section are in an angle of 0-45 deg, and in any time,, only one set of exciting magnetic poles inside the angle excites. The pair number of the stator magnetic poles is greater than that of the rotor magnetic poles, and the motor may change its rotation direction via altering the polarity of the power supply. The present invention has no commutator, simple structure, high efficiency, great torque and other features.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct current machine, is a kind of dc magnetizing magnetic motor specifically.
Background technology
As everyone knows, before the three phase alternating current motor invention, people have just brought into use direct current machine.Though the invention of three phase alternating current motor makes using of direct current machine and development be subjected to influence, but direct current machine is because it is different from the outstanding advantage of alternating current machine, level and smooth and scope is wide as speed governing, starting, braking and overload torque are big, reliability is high, still have on than higher electromechanical equipment widely at ask for something and to use, as motor vehicle, excavator, rolling mill, textile machine, heavy duty machine tools etc.Existing direct current machine mainly is made up of parts such as stator, rotor, magnetic pole of the stator, rotor magnetic pole, brush, commutator, armature, supports, stator links to each other with support, rotor links to each other with armature, magnetic pole can be permanent magnet poles, also can be excitatory magnetic pole, the work of switching on simultaneously of two excitation poles that become 180 degree must be arranged during machine operation, and the magnetic direction that produces is opposite, to produce torque, so have a series of problems such as complex structure, commutation is difficult, power is difficult to improve, loss is big, efficient is low, seriously restricted the development and the application of direct current machine.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention utilizes the same sex to repel each other exactly, and the electromagnetic property that there is a natural attraction between the sexes designs a kind of efficient, energy-conservation, simple in structure, novel energy-saving high-efficiency dc magnetizing magnetic motor that need not commutator.
Technical solution of the present invention:
The dc magnetizing magnetic motor of the present invention's design, comprise rotating shaft, rotor, stator, rotor magnetic pole is installed on the rotor, and rotor magnetic pole is a permanent magnet poles, also can be excitatory magnetic pole, rotor is installed in the rotating shaft, stator comprises support and the magnetic pole of the stator that links to each other with support, and magnetic pole of the stator is excitatory magnetic pole, also can be permanent magnet poles, excitatory magnetic pole comprises iron core and magnetizing coil, it is characterized in that the magnetic pole of the stator number of pole-pairs is greater than the rotor magnetic pole number of pole-pairs; Every group rotor magnetic pole cross section centre line L 1 forms one greater than the effect angle αs of 0 degree less than 45 degree with every group of magnetic pole of the stator cross section centre line L 2, and has only one group to be in and to be positioned at the rotor on the same diameter or the excitatory magnetic pole energization excitation of stator in the effect angle α scope; Described effect angle α is active force the best in greater than 10 degree, less than the scope of 40 degree.Just because of the existence of this angle, make the magnetic force of suction mutually that produces on the acting surface of magnetic pole of the stator and rotor magnetic pole or the magnetic force that repels each other produce a directed deflection torque, thereby make rotor rotation; After rotor turns over certain angle, must there be another group rotor magnetic pole and magnetic pole of the stator to be in the above-mentioned position that can bring into play same purpose, be subjected to divide synchronously this group magnetic pole conducting of electric control switch control this moment, the equidirectional magnetic field of excitatory generation and playing a role, last group of excitatory magnetic pole outage simultaneously ... so go round and begin again, rotor constantly obtains directional torque and is in the steady operation state.
The part of synchronous minute electric control switch is housed in the rotating shaft, divides another part of electric control switch to link to each other synchronously with support.
Dividing electric control switch synchronously is mechanical type, or is electric induction type, and it with the break-make moment of unidirectional current control magnetizing coil, has only one group of magnetizing coil energization excitation all the time at any one time.Mechanical type divides electric control switch to comprise synchronously: brush, metal slip ring, synchronous distributing switch sheet metal; Brush be socketed in the rotating shaft and and rotating shaft insulate, brush contacts with synchronous distributing switch sheet metal with the metal slip ring respectively, metal slip ring and synchronous distributing switch sheet metal mutually insulated, mutually insulated between the every synchronous distributing switch sheet metal forms the synchronous diverter switch of multichannel.The moment of dividing synchronously electric control switch to produce and remove magnetic field all the time with the magnetizing coil of the excitatory magnetic pole of unidirectional current Synchronization Control makes alternately excitatory to excitatory magnetic pole discontinuity of several in the motor, produces equidirectional relay magnetic field.Cross section (as shown in Figure 2) from motor, excitatory magnetic pole is formed excitatory magnetic pole by being evenly distributed on several on the different-diameter, the phase angle of every pair of excitatory magnetic pole on the same diameter is 180 degree, at motor movement in a flash, the magnetizing coil energising of a pair of excitatory magnetic pole on the same diameter produces magnetic field and plays a role, and the magnetizing coil that is positioned at the excitatory magnetic pole on other diameter is in and treats "on" position, magnetic pole does not have magneticaction, magnetic pole of the stator on the same diameter produces the magnetic force of inhaling mutually or repelling each other mutually with the excitatory magnetic pole that energising produces magnetic field, this moment is owing to there is an effect angle α between rotor magnetic pole centre line L 1 and the magnetic pole of the stator centre line L 2, so produce a deflection magnetic torque during magnetic interaction that produces, effect lower rotor part at this deflection magnetic torque begins to rotate, meanwhile, the size of effect angle α changes, and another group is positioned at the stator on the same diameter, the effect angle α of rotor magnetic pole group also changes simultaneously, when this group stator, the effect angle α of rotor magnetic pole group changes to and last group of stator, when the effect angle α the during energising of rotor magnetic pole group magnetizing coil equates, magnetizing coil energization excitation in this group rotor magnetic pole produces another deflection magnetic torque, and last group of stator, magnetizing coil in the rotor magnetic pole group cuts off the power supply simultaneously and is in the sharp state for the treatment of, so circulation, the rotor of motor constantly obtains the deflection magnetic torque and rotates.
In same motor, the magnetic pole logarithm is many more, and equally distributed spacing is just more little, and α is more little for the effect angle; Simultaneously in order to guarantee the existence of angle, must make magnetic pole of the stator logarithm and rotor magnetic pole logarithm unequal, the magnetic pole of the stator logarithm during greater than the rotor magnetic pole logarithm electric machine structure and control comparatively simple and practical, also can be designed to the magnetic pole of the stator logarithm certainly less than the rotor magnetic pole logarithm.
All magnetic pole of the stator polarity are identical, can be all the S utmost point, also can be all the N utmost point; All rotor magnetic pole polarity are also identical, can be all the S utmost point, also can be all the N utmost point; When rotor magnetic pole was permanent magnet poles, magnetic pole of the stator was necessary for excitatory magnetic pole; When rotor magnetic pole was excitatory magnetic pole, magnetic pole of the stator can be permanent magnet poles, also can be excitatory magnetic pole.No matter magnetic pole of the stator is that excitatory magnetic pole or rotor magnetic pole are excitatory magnetic pole, or is all excitatory magnetic pole, the necessary discontinuity of every pair of excitatory magnetic pole that is positioned on the different diameters is alternately excitatory, and all produces equidirectional magnetic field sequentially.
Change the direction of rotation that the input electric power polarity can change rotor.
Advantage of the present invention:
Dc magnetizing magnetic motor of the present invention is compared with direct current machine of the prior art and is had the following advantages:
1, there is a natural attraction between the sexes to make full use of magnet, and the principle that the same sex is repelled each other is utilized pure magnetic drive, saved the requisite commutator of traditional direct motor, have simple in structure, the energy-conservation and outstanding advantage that is easy to control.
2, excitatory pole coil is unidirectional excitatory, no alternating current in the coil, and the armature-free reaction phenomenon, design of electrical motor is calculated easy, the operational efficiency height, torque is big.
When 3, excitatory pole coil is worked is unidirectional discontinuity alternation, and power consumption is little, and the coil working life-span is long, and heating is few.
4, rotor magnetic pole nonpolarity variation in rotation, stator core does not have the alternation of flow direction, does not therefore have the eddy current magnetic hysteresis loss.
5, the control of the direction of rotation of rotor is easy, just can reach the purpose that changes direction of rotation as long as change the input polarity of power supply.
6, can realize stepless stepless speed control by the size of regulating supply voltage or electric current, speed-regulating range width is realized easily.
7, operating voltage range is wide, by the allotment to the reasonably combined of rotor number of poles and stator poles and magnetic pole specification, can design the motor of various power, satisfies different user demands.
8, electric machine structure is simple, and is easy to manufacture, reliable, sturdy and durable, and the efficient height is of many uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is magnetic pole of the stator and the rotor magnetic pole position layout generalized section of Fig. 1.
Effect angle α schematic diagram when Fig. 3 is magnetic pole of the stator of the present invention and rotor magnetic pole static state and excitatory state.
Fig. 4 is that the synchronous distributing switch sheet metal of the embodiment of the invention launches and the power supply wiring schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is embodiments of the invention.
Operation principle of the present invention is the interaction by rotor, magnetic pole of the stator, and regular by magnetic pole is carried out, Methodistic magnetization is controlled and produced useful magnetic energy, thereby obtains directional torque.Structural material is removed stator, beyond the support, other structural member all adopts nonmagnetic metal and nonmetallic materials manufacturing, for sake of convenience, the rotor magnetic pole of present embodiment adopts permanent magnet, magnetic pole of the stator is excitatory magnetic pole, when reality is made, rotor magnetic pole also can be excitatory magnetic pole, magnetic pole of the stator also can be a permanent magnet, can adopt rotor is permanent magnet poles, stator is excitatory magnetic pole, rotor is excitatory magnetic pole, stator is that permanent magnet poles or rotor are excitatory magnetic pole, stator also is the combined method of excitatory magnetic pole, and must have a kind of in magnetic pole of the stator and rotor magnetic pole is excitatory magnetic pole.The motor of present embodiment comprises rotating shaft 1, rotor 2, cooling fan 3, stator 4, bearing 5, outer end cap 6, metal slip ring 7, synchronous distributing switch sheet metal 8, brush 9, outer cover 10, inner end cap 11, insulation firmware 17, rotor 2 comprises rotor carrier 12 and rotor magnetic pole 13, rotor magnetic pole 13 is a permanent magnet poles, stator 4 comprises support (yoke) 14, magnetic pole of the stator, and magnetic pole of the stator comprises stator core 15 and magnetizing coil 16.Every group rotor magnetic pole 13 cross section centre line L 1 form one greater than the effect angle α of 0 degree less than 45 degree with every group of magnetic pole of the stator cross section centre line L 2.Effect angle α is greater than 10 degree, less than active force the best in the scopes of 40 degree.Rotating shaft 1 adopts high-carbon hardmetal (as stainless steel) to make, its middle part socket rotor 2, one end is with cooling fan 3 and location bearing 5, the other end is with brush 9, stator 4 plays the magnetic conduction effect on the one hand, play the mechanical support effect on the other hand, therefore, make with the cast steel material that magnetic conduction is effective, magnetic pole of the stator and two outer end caps 6 and the inner end cap 11 of erecting rotor all are fixed on the stator 4, outer end cap 6, inner end cap 11 is all made with non magnetic light metal material, and have a ventilating opening, in order to heat radiation, the outside at inboard end cap 11, be socketed with synchronous minute electric control switch, divide electric control switch to can be mechanical type synchronously, also can be electric induction type, mechanical type divides electric control switch to comprise metal slip ring 7 synchronously, divide electric metal sheet 8, brush 9, insulation firmware 17, two groups of brushes 9 that socket is rotated synchronously in the rotating shaft 1, two groups of brush 9 intercommunications, and with rotating shaft 1 insulation, wherein one group of brush 9 and metal slip ring 7 contact, another group brush 9 and synchronously distributing switch sheet metal (copper sheet) 8 contact, metal slip ring 7 and synchronously distributing switch sheet metal 8 be installed in the insulation firmware 17, cylindrical, and link to each other with inner end cap 11, metal slip ring 7 and divide electric synchro switch sheet metal 8 mutually insulateds communicates respectively by brush 9, synchronously dividing the outside of controller for electric consumption to be covered with outer cover 10, having air vent hole on the outer cover 10 and be fixed on the inner end cap 11; Rotor 2 mainly is made up of rotor carrier 12 and rotor magnetic pole 13, width of rotor magnetic pole 13 (outer arc chord length) and spacing (distances between adjacent two magnetic poles) five equilibrium on concentric circles, the rotor magnetic pole of present embodiment is 3 pairs 6, magnetic pole of the stator is 4 pairs 8, rotor magnetic pole 13 is embedded in the rotor carrier 12, and the working face polarity of 6 rotor magnetic poles is all identical.Rotor magnetic pole also can adopt excitatory magnetic pole.When adopting excitatory magnetic pole the T sections heart and excitatory winding are inlaid in the rotor carrier 12.Stator 4 comprises support (yoke) 14, stator core 15, magnetizing coil 16.Width of stator core 15 (inner arc chord length) and spacing (distances between adjacent two magnetic poles) five equilibrium on interior circular arc, the iron core of stator core 15 is done "T"-shaped, be used to install magnetizing coil 16 first, second when excitatory, make air gap flux density inter-air space distribution along the circumferential direction more reasonable, the interpolar magneticaction is more effective, and magnetizing coil 16 is fixed on the iron core of stator core 15.Dividing electric control switch synchronously is one of core control piece of the present invention.Whether synchronized relation can operate as normal to motor for the excitatory moment of every pair of excitatory magnetic pole and order on the stator 4.Mechanical type divides electric control switch mainly by forming with brush 11, metal slip ring 7, the synchronous distributing switch sheet metal 8 of rotor 4 rotation synchronously synchronously.Metal slip ring 7, synchronous distributing switch sheet metal 8 are all made with phosphor-copper, be cast into integral body with insulation firmware 17, cylindrical, and it is concentric with rotating shaft 1, the inboard of cylindrical shape insulation firmware 17 contacts with brush 9, the outside is the wiring end points of metal slip ring 7 and synchronous distributing switch sheet metal 8, and the wiring end points of metal slip ring 7 links to each other with power supply one end.The sheet number of distributing switch sheet metal 8 is relevant with the magnetic pole of the stator logarithm with the rotor magnetic pole logarithm synchronously, be the integral multiple of its logarithm, divide electric synchro switch sheet metal 8 evenly to distribute mutually insulated along cylindrical shape insulation firmware 17 circumference, form the multichannel current channel, and press magnetic pole of the stator logarithm grouping work.The quantity of the electric synchro switch sheet metal 8 of the branch in the present embodiment is 24, divides electric synchro switch sheet metal to be divided into 4 groups, 6 every group, and corresponding 6 rotor magnetic poles, rotor rotates a circle, and 4 pairs of magnetizing coils are switched on respectively 6 times, to rotor magnetic pole performance orientation.Dividing the outside of electric synchro switch sheet metal 8 is the wiring end points, 4 terminations of the electric synchro switch sheet metal 8 of the branch of 24 4 groups link to each other with stator magnetizing coil 16 respectively, 4 couple of magnetizing coil 16 8 terminals W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8 are divided into 4 pairs, respectively with 8 corresponding linking to each other of 4 small components electricity synchro switch sheet metal, the other end of magnetizing coil all communicates with an end of power supply, and the other end of electric current links to each other with the terminals of metal slip ring 7.Every pair of magnetizing coil can be unified into shunt winding, also can be unified into the series excitation winding.One group of copper sheet of synchronous distributing switch sheet metal 8, metal slip ring 7, the brush 9 that rotates synchronously with rotor 4 has formed one by K1, K2, K3, K4 ... synchronous minute electric control switch to K24, come a certain on the Synchronization Control stator by the angle and the phase place of rotor magnetic pole 13 in rotary course by brush 9 to being positioned at the energization excitation of the excitatory magnetic pole on the same diameter, it is all had on each moment and respective action angle a pair ofly is positioned at the magnetizing coil conducting on the same diameter and makes plus pole produce magnetic field performance orientation, and other several to excitatory magnetic pole because inappropriate with the relative position (angle) of rotor magnetic pole, can not bring into play the orientation identical and be not switched on the rotor motion direction, thereby reached synchronous excitatory directed driven, the purpose of steady operation.Rotor magnetic pole 13 cross section centre line L 1 are less than 45 degree greater than 0 degree with the effect angle α of stator core 15 cross section center lines, the angle α of present embodiment is 30 degree, also can be set at 10 degree, 15 degree, 20 degree or 35 degree, the control of effect angle α is set and is undertaken by following way: earlier a pair of rotor magnetic pole and magnetic pole of the stator angle adjustment are arrived effect angle 30 degree of setting, adjust brush 9 then and make the electric synchro switch sheet metal of its branch that communicates corresponding, make its conducting, positioning instant can with this magnetizing coil.If excitatory pole polarity is identical with magnetic pole of the stator polarity, then the same sex is repelled each other, and produces thrust, makes effect angle α become big, motor is rotated counterclockwise, if polarity is opposite, then there is a natural attraction between the sexes, produces suction, effect angle α is diminished, and motor turns clockwise, and enters steady operational status very soon.
The current channel of motor is: power supply just (bearing) best metal slip ring to brush to synchronous distributing switch sheet metal to magnetizing coil to power-(just) utmost point, vice versa.The polarity that changes power supply can change the direction of rotation of motor.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of dc magnetizing magnetic motor, comprise rotating shaft, rotor, stator, rotor magnetic pole is installed on the rotor, rotor is installed in the rotating shaft, stator comprises support and the magnetic pole of the stator that links to each other with support, it is characterized in that rotor magnetic pole cross section centre line L 1 and magnetic pole of the stator cross section centre line L 2 form one greater than the effect angle α of 0 degree less than 45 degree, and have only one group of excitatory magnetic pole energization excitation that is in effect angle α scope; The magnetic pole of the stator number of pole-pairs is greater than the rotor magnetic pole number of pole-pairs.
2, dc magnetizing magnetic motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rotor magnetic pole is a permanent magnet poles, and magnetic pole of the stator is excitatory magnetic pole; Excitatory magnetic pole comprises iron core and magnetizing coil.
3, dc magnetizing magnetic motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that being equipped with the part of synchronous minute electric control switch in described rotating shaft, divide another part of electric control switch to link to each other with support synchronously.
4, dc magnetizing magnetic motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described synchronous minute electric control switch is mechanical type, or be electric induction type, it with the break-make moment of unidirectional current control magnetizing coil, has only one group of magnetizing coil energization excitation constantly in work all the time.
5, dc magnetizing magnetic motor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described all magnetic pole of the stator polarity are identical, and all rotor magnetic pole polarity are also identical; When described rotor magnetic pole was permanent magnet poles, magnetic pole of the stator was necessary for excitatory magnetic pole; When described rotor magnetic pole was excitatory magnetic pole, magnetic pole of the stator can be permanent magnet poles, also can be excitatory magnetic pole.
6, according to claim 1 or 4 described dc magnetizing magnetic motors, it is characterized in that described mechanical type divides electric control switch to comprise synchronously: brush, metal slip ring, synchronous distributing switch sheet metal; Brush be socketed in the rotating shaft and and rotating shaft insulate, brush contacts with synchronous distributing switch sheet metal with the metal slip ring respectively, metal slip ring and synchronous distributing switch sheet metal mutually insulated, mutually insulated between the every synchronous distributing switch sheet metal forms the synchronous diverter switch of multichannel.
7, dc magnetizing magnetic motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that changing the direction of rotation that the input electric power polarity can change rotor.
8, dc magnetizing magnetic motor according to claim 1, the scope that it is characterized in that described angle α is spent less than 40 for greater than 10 degree.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03113457 CN1449095A (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2003-05-14 | DC exciting magnetic motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03113457 CN1449095A (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2003-05-14 | DC exciting magnetic motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1449095A true CN1449095A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03113457 Pending CN1449095A (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2003-05-14 | DC exciting magnetic motor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101911447B (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2012-12-05 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Motor |
| CN109088516A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-25 | 冉隆春 | A kind of energy-saving direct-current motor that stall is not burnt |
-
2003
- 2003-05-14 CN CN 03113457 patent/CN1449095A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101911447B (en) * | 2007-12-25 | 2012-12-05 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Motor |
| CN109088516A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-25 | 冉隆春 | A kind of energy-saving direct-current motor that stall is not burnt |
| CN109088516B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2023-07-14 | 冉隆春 | Energy-saving direct-current motor with dead-stop and unfired rotor |
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