CN1448108A - Method and device for measuring blood flow using catheter - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring blood flow using catheter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The blood stream measuring duct method and device is developed on the Pitot tube principle that when some fluid flows through a duct, some pressure difference corresponding to flow rate will exist between the top hole and the side hole of the tube. This pressure difference may be utilized in measuring blood stream flow rate and the pressure at the side hole may be utilized in measuring blood pressure. The device of the present invention a double or multiple cavity hollow duct, pressure difference sensor, three operation amplifiers, subtractor, voltage divider, display, recorder and power source. The present invention makes it possible to measure and record dynamic change of blood stream and blood pressure synchronously. The present invention is suitable for use in cardiac vascular duct operation and can meet the requirement of sync measurement and record of blood pressure and blood stream clinically and in research.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to flow-measuring method, especially the method for measuring blood flow using catheter is applicable to the blood flow measurement under the cardiovascular catheters art occasion.
Background technology
Before the present invention made, blood flow measurement adopted ultrasound Doppler's method, nuclear magnetic resonance method, optical method, dilution method, correlation method, electromagnetism blood flow pincers etc. usually.Ultrasound Doppler's method be according to ultrasound wave after running into moving object (as hemocyte), the phenomenon that skew takes place for its supersonic frequency is measured blood flow in the blood vessel.This certainty of measurement is subjected to influence of various factors such as blood flow character, sampling volume, sample position, head angle, probe compressing power, existence can not with problems such as other hemodynamic parameter synchronous recording.Nuclear magnetic resonance method is to utilize the resonance radio-frequency pulse that applies constant intensity in the constant linear magnetic field gradient, the proton of water changes steady state way in tissue or the organ tremulous pulse, the result is that the inductive rotation of adiabatic express passway is along moving on the magnetic field gradient directions, measure the flow velocity of water thus according to the imaging of nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, be blood flow rate.This method is mainly used in the research of local cerebral blood flow and brain function, complicated operation, medical expense height.Optical method is that a branch of light is thrown on the hemocyte, and hemocyte can the scattered portion incident illumination, and part becomes reflected light simultaneously, can measure blood flow according to catoptrical intensity, and light source can be a laser.This method only is applicable to have the translucidus blood vessel, as microcirculation, optical fundus blood vessel etc.Dilution method is according to Fick principle, the point that supplies in a closed fluid circuit adds a certain density indicator, this indicator is carried to the receptor site in the loop under the drive of streaming flow, variation has taken place in the receptor site concentration of indicator, this variation is relevant with the flow velocity of streaming flow, can measure blood flow according to this variation.The dilution indicator can be dyestuff, isotope, cold water etc., so dilution method have the Kety-Schmidt method,
131Xe dilution method, thermodilution method or the like.This method can only be measured the mean blood flow in a period of time, can not reflect that real-time, dynamic blood flow changes.Correlation method is to place four ultrasonic transmitter and accepters that constitute the X cross-like at vessel outer wall, and the stream of cells in blood flow is crossed the hyperacoustic zone, and then to constitute flow velocity up for one group of ultrasonic transmitter and accepter, and another group is for descending.Because in the blood flow a plurality of hemocytees are arranged, they accept ultrasonic formation frequency spectrum so all to ultrasonic generation scattering and reflection, these frequency spectrums can be measured blood flow rate by relevant treatment.Electromagnetism blood flow pincers are that blood vessel is placed electromagnetic field, contain a large amount of electrolyte in the blood, produce electromagnetic induction when these electrolyte pass through electromagnetic field, and electrolytical flow velocity is directly proportional with induced potential.Correlation method and electromagnetism blood flow meter all must use in open heart operation.
Tanabe etc. once invented temp sensor device at conduit top and sidepiece, this conduit inserts right atrium from superior vena cava, arrive pulmonary artery through Tricuspid valve and right ventricle, make conduit head temperature pick off and sidepiece temperature sensor just in time lay respectively at pulmonary artery inlet and right atrium inlet.Utilize thermodilution method to measure cardiac output and cardiac flow.Ferek-Petric etc. had once invented and a kind of 3-4 electrode had been installed cardiac pacing conduit at conduit top and sidepiece diverse location respectively, this conduit is inserted into right ventricle from superior vena cava by right atrium and Tricuspid valve, make the conduit top electrodes be positioned at the right ventricle top, side electrodes is positioned at the Tricuspid valve place.Because the ion distribution of blood is regulated by blood flow rate near the electrode, so blood flow will cause the variation of overvoltage density, and the measurement by electrode voltage can obtain the tricuspid blood flow rate of flowing through.Segal had once invented a kind of ultrasound catheter that pastes blood vessel, and this conduit has a circular, can the support blood vessels wall, the conduit top arrangement Doppler shift pick off, and measure blood flow rate according to Doppler effect.
In recent decades, clinical hemodynamics development some medical new techniques such as float catheter art occurred rapidly.Yet, all be that conduit is used as simple function so far clinically, for example the pressure monitoring conduit only is used to transmit the pressure of blood vessel or ventricle, and inlying catheter only is used to transmit medicine or sampling.
Summary of the invention
The method of measuring blood flow using catheter is that a conduit is inserted into blood flow measurement point position by tremulous pulse or vein, when blood flow during in face of pipe flow, can obtain pressure differential p by the external positive and negative pilot of conduit cavity guiding on spigot joint
1-p
2, this pressure differential and blood flow have one-to-one relationship, can obtain blood flow rate by measure differences in pressure.Simultaneously, can be by measuring the negative spigot joint pressure p of pilot
2Obtain endovascular blood pressure.
The device that the measuring blood flow using catheter method is adopted, include conduit, differential pressure pick-up, three amplifier amplifiers, subtractor, potentiometer, display, recorder, power supply, open an apical pore on the top of conduit, and it is spigot joint to be directed to external positive pilot with a tube chamber connection, open a side opening at the side of conduit, and it is spigot joint to be directed to external negative pilot with another tube chamber connection, conduit can be a two-chamber, it also can be multi-cavity, when the conduit multi-cavity, an apical pore is still opened on the top, and it is spigot joint to be directed to external positive pilot with a tube chamber connection, and side is opened a plurality of side openings, and it is spigot joint to be communicated with the negative pilot that is directed to external respective numbers with the tube chamber of respective numbers, negative pilot is spigot joint connects with three-way valve for these, it is spigot joint finally to become a negative pilot, just pilot is spigot joint is connected with the differential pressure pick-up positive input is spigot joint, negative pilot is spigot joint bears spigot joint connection of input with differential pressure pick-up, differential pressure pick-up is made up of pressure chamber and sensing element, differential pressure pick-up is connected with three amplifier amplifier input terminal by transmission line, the output of three amplifier amplifiers is connected with the input of subtractor, the output of potentiometer is connected with the subtractor input, subtractor is connected with the input of display and the input of recorder respectively by output lead, power supply respectively with three amplifier amplifiers, subtractor, potentiometer, display, recorder connects.
The amplification of three amplifier amplifiers is limited in 2-5 doubly, subtractor positive terminal signal is the output signal of three amplifier amplifiers, the end of oppisite phase signal is the output signal of potentiometer, the amplification of subtractor is 1 to ∞, the partial pressure value adjustable extent of potentiometer is subtractor power supply ± 80%, display is the fluorescent character-display tube or the liquid crystal numberal tube of 3-6 position, and power supply is battery-powered, and the output signal of subtractor can insert the external input interface (EXT) of electrocardiograph.
The present invention utilizes under cardiovascular catheters art occasion, carries out blood flow measurement with conduit, has simple to operate, dependable performance, lower-price characteristic, for cardiovascular catheters art, cardiodynamics research provide a kind of effective blood flow measurement method.Be applicable to the blood flow measurement in the medical treatment situations such as cardiac function detection, the detection of brain metabolic function.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the measuring blood flow using catheter schematic representation of apparatus.
Fig. 2 is the double channel catheter sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the double channel catheter schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the three cavities conduit pipe sectional view.
Fig. 5 is the three cavities conduit pipe schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the cerebral veins, venae cerebri rheography.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the device that the measuring blood flow using catheter method is adopted, include conduit 1, differential pressure pick-up 2, three amplifier amplifiers 6, subtractor 7, potentiometer 8, display 9, recorder 10, power supply 11, be respectively described below:
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the top of conduit 1 and side have apical pore 12 and side opening 13, the positive pilot spigot joint 14 of apical pore 12 guiding tube chambers 19 is connected with differential pressure pick-up 2 positive inputs spigot joint 17, the negative pilot spigot joint 15 of side opening 13 guiding tube chambers 20 is connected with differential pressure pick-up 2 negative inputs spigot joint 18, makes differential pressure pick-up 2 can accept the differential pressure signal that is caused by blood flow.Referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, conduit 1 can be a two-chamber, it also can be multi-cavity, when conduit 1 is three cavities conduit pipe (multi-cavity catheter a kind of), the positive pilot spigot joint 14 of the apical pore 12 guiding tube chambers 19 of conduit 1 is connected with differential pressure pick-up 2 positive inputs spigot joint 17, and the negative pilot of two side openings, two tube chambers 20 of 13 guiding and 21 is spigot joint 15, and spigot joint 15 usefulness the three-way valve 16 of these two negative pilots connect, and finally the output of three-way valve 16 is connected with the negative input spigot joint 18 of differential pressure pick-up 2.
Differential pressure pick-up 2 is made up of pressure chamber 3 and sensing element 4, wherein sensing element 4 can be single X type varistor on the silicon fiml, conduit 1 top pressure and side pressure are incorporated in the pressure chamber 3 by conduit, sensing element 4 is divided into two chambeies with pressure chamber 3, and these two chambeies are connected with negative pilot spigot joint 15 with positive pilot spigot joint 14 respectively.When the pressure of positive pilot spigot joint 14 and negative pilot spigot joint 15 did not wait the formation differential pressure, then sensing element 4 was experienced this differential pressure, and changed signal of telecommunication output into by differential pressure pick-up 2 excitation power supplies.When homodyne was pressed, differential pressure pick-up 2 had the initial voltage output of excitation power supply 40% approximately.
Three amplifier amplifiers 6 are traditional instrument amplifiers, the signal of telecommunication of reflection sensing element 4 variable quantities is carried out direct current amplify, and amplification is limited in 2-5 doubly, and when preventing that the amplifier input voltage is excessive, three amplifier amplifiers 6 are saturated and produce the signal jam phenomenon.
Comprised initial voltage and signal voltage in the output of three amplifier amplifiers 6, initial voltage is the main root that causes that amplifier is saturated, has comprised the DC component of reflection relaxing period blood flow and the alternating component that blood phase blood flow is penetrated in reflection in the signal voltage.Subtractor 7 is used to eliminate the DC component of relaxing period blood flow, i.e. the initial voltage of amplifier, the measuring range of penetrating blood phase blood flow alternating component with expansion.Subtractor 7 amplifications can be regulated according to different blood flow measurements position, the position high to blood flow, and as aorta, amplification is low; The position low to blood flow, as jugular vein, amplification can be high.Regulate amplification two purposes are arranged: the one, under subtractor 7 is exported not by saturated prerequisite, obtain the blood flow meter maximum sensitivity; The 2nd, realize the normalized of differential pressure-voltage, therefore, the amplification of subtractor 7 is 1 to ∞.
Potentiometer 8 provides the subtrahend signal for subtractor 7, and partial pressure value is a controlled variable, adjustable extent be subtractor 7 power supplies ± 80%, utilize the potentiometer 8 can be to the zeroing of whole system.
The input signal of display 9 comes from the output of subtractor 7, is used to indicate the differential pressure that is produced on conduit by blood flow, and this display 9 can be formed its clock frequency f with the fluorescent character-display tube or the liquid crystal numberal tube of A/D change-over circuit and 3-6 position
0=48kHz, change-over circuit range are 2V.
The input signal of recorder 10 also is the output that comes from subtractor 7, be used to write down the waveform that on conduit, produces differential pressure by blood flow, this recorder 10 can substitute with electrocardiograph, the output of subtractor 7 can be inserted the external input interface (EXT) of electrocardiograph.
The power supply 11 of this measuring device adopts No. 2 voltaic element power supply modes of 4 joints, and electrocardiograph has floating ground circuit, and these measures are enough to make leakage current to be limited in below the 10 μ A, prevent microshock.
The method of measuring blood flow using catheter of the present invention, its operation principle are to utilize the pitot tube principle to measure flow.Referring to Fig. 3, the double channel catheter sketch map, wherein the opening 12 in a chamber is on the top of conduit, and the opening 13 in another chamber is at the side of conduit, when density is ρ (kg/m
3) blood flow flow to conduit top mouthfuls 12 o'clock in face of conduit 1 direction, blood flow rate is reduced as zero, shows that blood flow mouthfuls 12 parks phenomenon on the conduit top, therefore, top mouth 12 also can be described as the stationary point.Vertical fluid state: pressure is p
1(Pa), flow velocity u
1=0; When the blood flow concurrent flow was crossed the conduit side, the fluid state of blood flow: pressure was p
2(Pa), flow velocity u
2(m/s), flow velocity u
2Identical with the blood flow u in the blood vessel, i.e. u
2=u, blood flow direction and catheter shaft be to can not be greater than 15 °, and the blood flow fluidised form keeps laminar flow, and promptly Reynolds number is 10
2～10
5In the scope.According to the Bai Nuli principle, vertical mechanical energy equates with side:
Can obtain blood flow velocity (m/s) by (1) formula is:
Can see that from (2) formula blood flow velocity u is directly proportional with the evolution of conduit top mouth 12,13 two differential pressures of side mouth.As long as the differential pressure that we measure top and side is 2 can be measured blood flow velocity u, in fact, and the pressure p of catheter tip
1Form by the blood flow inertia force that 12 retarded motions are produced on the top and intravascular pressure two parts, and the pressure P of side
2Only be endovascular pressure, therefore, by measuring the pressure P of side
2Can measure endovascular blood pressure.
Embodiment 2:
One routine gallbladder removal volunteer, 45 years old age, body weight 67Kg, hematochrome 13.4g/dl.Use luminal sodium 0.1g, atropine 0.5mg intramuscular injection before the art.Do the internal jugular vein retrograde catheterization with Φ 2 Kents (ARROW) double channel catheter.Use propofol 120mg, fentanyl 0.3mg, atracurium 25mg general anesthesia 2 hours.Propofol 8mg/Kgh, fentanyl 2 μ g/Kgh, atracurium 0.5mg/Kgh are kept in anesthesia.Omnidistance mechanical ventilation 16 times/minute, tidal volume 750ml.Guard ECG in the art, urine amount, SaO
2, MAP.Wherein MAP is at 11.6-12.7KPa, SaO
2Be 100%.Under normal circumstances, density of blood ρ=1020kg/m
3, the jugular vein blood flow is about 50cm/s.Estimate to have approximately the differential pressure of 128Pa according to (1) formula under this blood flow, for this reason, regulating three amplifier amplifier magnification ratios, to make range be 200Pa.Recorder is 6511 electrocardiographs, chart drive speed 25mm/s, and zero line is at the center line of kymogram.
Fig. 6 is the cerebral veins, venae cerebri rheography of measuring for what note with conduit with pressure reduction.Before wherein the A group was anesthesia, the B group was in the anesthesia, and the C group is in the recovery.Obtain following result from this rheoencephalogram:
(1) in A group rheoencephalogram, records the respiratory wave of low frequency component significantly; The B group has reflected in anesthesia midbrain metabolism reduction, thereby cerebral blood flow also reduces, and the rheoencephalogram that is recorded is a respiratory wave; The C group is in the machine work that ceases breathing, and records the recovery phase cerebral veins, venae cerebri rheography of the wave interference that breathes no more.
(2) the conduit blood flow measurement has obviously write down the dynamic change that cerebral blood flow is penetrated blood.Penetrating the blood cycle can obtain from recorder chart length and speed calculation: 17.5 (mm)/25 (mm/s)=0.7s, it relatively is for 86 times/minute consistent with the heart rate of cardiac monitoring.Therefore, find out cardiac cycle well by the rheoencephalogram of record.
(3) according to the A picture group, the pressure reduction of penetrating blood flow is about
160Pa.Can obtain to anaesthetize the foreneck venous blood flow from (2) formula and be about 56cm/s.This and normal value are close.
Observe from the cerebral veins, venae cerebri rheography of Fig. 6 record, conduit can intactly write down the dynamic change of blood flow.The rheography cycle figure line that is recorded is consistent with cardiac cycle, and obvious physiologic meaning is arranged.The conduit blood flow measurement is a kind of wound measurement that has, and it only is suitable for using in hemodynamic monitoring or Intensive Care Therapy.In invasive blood pressure is measured, use pressure catheter instead double channel catheter, can on the basis that does not increase any conduit, finish the measurement of blood pressure and two parameters of blood flow with a conduit.
All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Claims (10)
1. the method for measuring blood flow using catheter is characterized in that: conduit (1) is inserted the blood flow measurement point, when blood flow when conduit (1) flows, by obtaining pressure differential p on the external positive pilot spigot joint (14) of conduit (1) tube chamber guiding and the negative pilot spigot joint (15)
1-p
2, this pressure differential and blood flow have one-to-one relationship, and the pressure differential by obtaining records blood flow rate.
2. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise conduit (1), differential pressure pick-up (2), three amplifier amplifiers (6), subtractor (7), potentiometer (8), display (9), recorder (10), power supply (11), the top of conduit (1) and side have apical pore (12) and side opening (13), the tube chamber of apical pore (12) guiding is connected with positive pilot spigot joint (14), the tube chamber of side opening (13) guiding is connected with negative pilot spigot joint (15), positive pilot spigot joint (14) is connected with negative input spigot joint (18) with the positive input of differential pressure pick-up (2) spigot joint (17) respectively with negative pilot spigot joint (15), differential pressure pick-up (2) is made up of pressure chamber (3) and sensing element (4), differential pressure pick-up (2) is connected with the input of three amplifier amplifiers (6) by transmission line (5), the output of three amplifier amplifiers (6) is connected with the input of subtractor (7), the output of potentiometer (8) is connected with subtractor (7) input, the output of subtractor (7) is connected with the input of display (9) and the input of recorder (10) respectively, power supply (11) respectively with three amplifier amplifiers (6), subtractor (7), potentiometer (8), display (9), recorder (10) connects.
3. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: conduit (1) is two-chamber or multi-cavity, an outer positive pilot spigot joint (14) of double channel catheter (1) connector and a negative pilot spigot joint (15), the positive pilot spigot joint (14) that multi-cavity catheter (1) connector is outer and the negative pilot spigot joint (15) of respective numbers, a plurality of negative pilots spigot joint (15) connect with three-way valve (16).
4. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: three amplifier amplifier (6) amplifications are limited in 2-5 doubly.
5. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: subtractor (7) positive terminal signal is the output signal of three amplifier amplifiers (6), and the end of oppisite phase signal is the output signal of potentiometer (8).
6. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the amplification of subtractor (7) is 1 to ∞.
7. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the partial pressure value adjustable extent of potentiometer (8) be subtractor (4) power supply ± 80%.
8. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the output signal of subtractor can insert the external input interface (EXT) of electrocardiograph.
9. the device of measuring blood flow using catheter method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: power supply (11) is battery-powered.
10. the method for measuring blood flow using catheter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: conduit (1) can be used to measure blood pressure simultaneously.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02111219 CN1201700C (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2002-03-29 | Method and device for measuring blood flow using catheter |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02111219 CN1201700C (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2002-03-29 | Method and device for measuring blood flow using catheter |
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| CN1201700C CN1201700C (en) | 2005-05-18 |
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| CN 02111219 Expired - Fee Related CN1201700C (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2002-03-29 | Method and device for measuring blood flow using catheter |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101119678B (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-11-23 | Q-Pidt有限责任公司 | Measuring member for determining the blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract |
| CN103070677A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-01 | 王青 | Portable physiological parameter remote measuring device with sampling and medicine perfusion functions |
| CN110520037A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-11-29 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Intravascular blood flow measurement is carried out using differential pressure principle and extension flow sensor |
| CN111701111A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-25 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Inductor and transfusion system for monitoring venous liquid extravasation in field emergency rescue |
| CN113679363A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2021-11-23 | 尼普洛株式会社 | Control circuit of sensor and blood measuring device |
| CN118121230A (en) * | 2024-05-07 | 2024-06-04 | 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 | Lower limb venous blood flow pressure analysis method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
-
2002
- 2002-03-29 CN CN 02111219 patent/CN1201700C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101119678B (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-11-23 | Q-Pidt有限责任公司 | Measuring member for determining the blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract |
| CN103070677A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-01 | 王青 | Portable physiological parameter remote measuring device with sampling and medicine perfusion functions |
| CN113679363A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2021-11-23 | 尼普洛株式会社 | Control circuit of sensor and blood measuring device |
| CN110520037A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-11-29 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | Intravascular blood flow measurement is carried out using differential pressure principle and extension flow sensor |
| CN111701111A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-25 | 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 | Inductor and transfusion system for monitoring venous liquid extravasation in field emergency rescue |
| CN118121230A (en) * | 2024-05-07 | 2024-06-04 | 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 | Lower limb venous blood flow pressure analysis method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1201700C (en) | 2005-05-18 |
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