CN1430365A - Arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment - Google Patents
Arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN1430365A CN1430365A CN 01131664 CN01131664A CN1430365A CN 1430365 A CN1430365 A CN 1430365A CN 01131664 CN01131664 CN 01131664 CN 01131664 A CN01131664 A CN 01131664A CN 1430365 A CN1430365 A CN 1430365A
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Abstract
An intelligent antenna device which can find the desired angle by itself includes an antenna array, a radio frequency channel, a preprocessing unit and a direction interpretation unit. The processing unit consists of an operation module, a storage module and a channel selecting module which receives signal from the radio frequency channel and selectively sends signal from a certain channel to the operation module for correlated and accumulative operation. The operation module sends operation result to the storage module for storing through the channel selecting module and the storage module stores the operation result to provide data required in operation of the operation module through the channel selecting module as well as the final result is transmitted to the direction interpretation unit by it.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to intelligent antenna equipment, more particularly, relate in a kind of radio honeycomb communication system, the device that the adaptive control of antenna beam of employing array antenna carries out the reception and the transmission of desired signal.
Background technology
Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a kind of multiple access method, and it is based on spread spectrum and become another multi-address method that is applied to cellular wireless system except that existing FDMA and TDMA method recently.Compare with existing method, CDMA has many advantages, and for example availability of frequency spectrum height, planning are simple etc.Just because of this, cdma system becomes main flow in the 3G (Third Generation) Moblie.
Adopt the system of CDMA method to mainly contain now: IS-95Q-CDMA) system, WCDMA system, Cdma2000 system, TD-SCDMA system, TD-CDMA system etc.Adopt many yards spread spectrums in these systems or claimed double-deck spreading code distribution technology, that is to say in these cdma systems, the spread spectrum mode of the up link from mobile subscriber to the base station can be divided into for two steps, the first step is with the good orthogonal function of cross-correlation performance (Walsh function, ovsf code) as the channel code spread spectrum, might as well be called this step herein and add expansion, the recovery process of corresponding receiving terminal is called despreading; The autocorrelation performance of the unique distribution of second step each user of use is pseudo noise code (PN sequence preferably, the M sequence, the Gold sequence) further spread spectrum, can be called scrambling to second step herein, the recovery process of corresponding receiving terminal is called descrambling, above-mentioned pseudo noise code is called scrambler, distinguishes different mobile subscribers with scrambler.Equally, the spread spectrum mode of the down link in these systems from the base station to mobile subscriber is also divided the two same steps, and unique difference is that the scrambler in the forward link is used for distinguishing base station or sub-district.The scrambler difference of different base stations or sub-district.In the digital radio communication system, owing to there is the interference of various noises, multipath and decline in the space channel, so the character of the received signal of receiver is not very good.For received signal effectively, adopted multiple technologies to improve the receptivity of system in the receiver system, as RAKE folding in the cdma system etc.
In cdma system, many users use identical frequency band to communicate.Owing to can not design mutual fully incoherent spreading code set, so still there is the phase mutual interference between the different user.In general, the number of users in a frequency band is many more, and interference level is just high more, and the communication quality of link is just poor more.Therefore, cdma system is an interference-limited wireless communication system, the number of channel that the frequency band of its each Rack can hold is limited, so aforesaid various technological means can only be brought up to capability of communication system to a certain degree, wanting to surpass this limit then must increase other resource.Space diversity is to increase power system capacity and the latest technology of improving systematic function, the analysis showed that in theory as long as correctly use one group of antenna, forms the new degree of freedom and space, just can increase power system capacity significantly.In addition, adopt space diversity can also reduce power consumption, increase anti-fading and antijamming capability, more effectively switch and better fail safe and system robustness.
In the existing cdma system, adopted pilot channel to transmit frequency pilot sign usually, dual mode is wherein arranged, a kind of is the dedicated pilot (channel) mode, the continuous pilot symbol transmitted of this mode.Another kind is to insert pilot channel system, and this mode is multiplexing in time frequency pilot sign and out of Memory symbol, and pilot symbol transmitted in the time period that has does not have pilot tone to be sent out in the time period that has.
For the different spaces characteristic of further utilizing unlike signal improves systematic function, people have studied intelligent antenna technology, the array antenna technology of also challenging an opponent to a fight when two armies meet.Smart antenna adopts plural single antenna array element to form antenna array, the signal that each array element receives carries out being weighted summation with proper weight through after the radio frequency processing, just can reach the effect of directional reception, a weighted vector correspondence certain beam pattern.The essence of weighting is a kind of space filtering, and smart antenna also can be thought a kind of space division multiple access (SDMA) technology.In SDMA, pass through the aerial array received signal, and carry out digital beam forming (DBF), make the signal to noise ratio maximum of desired signal by Digital Signal Processing.This is by the phase place of adjusting the signal that aerial array received and amplitude desired signal to be strengthened by the addition summation, and other interference signal obtains weakening realization by the addition summation.
General antenna system structure as shown in Figure 1, the output signal of each bay and the output of the smart antenna processing by the smart antenna method obtains the corresponding one group of weights of each aerial array; These group weights multiply by after the antenna output, each results added just can be obtained the output of antenna system.Wireless signal enters system by aerial array 10, and wherein aerial array 10 is made of a plurality of bay 101_10N.The signal of antenna output passes through radio-frequency channel 110_11N separately respectively, is weighted summation at signal synthesis unit 12, and the later system of input handles behind the formation one-dimensional signal.And the weights coefficient in the signal synthesis unit 12 is provided by smart antenna method module 13.
Smart antenna can divide three kinds substantially, and a kind of is the switched-beam smart antenna.This method is to preestablish the wave beam weight that some point to different directions, and reasonable those wave beam weight weighted results of selective reception signal are carried out subsequent treatment in communication process.This method simple in structure do not relate to matrix operation, is convenient to hardware and realizes.Second kind is the part adaptive smart antenna, and this implementation is extraction desired user direction of arrival of signal angle information from the array signal that receives usually, forms then and points to the wave beam that arrives deflection, and arrival direction angle (DOA) changes then and then variation of weights.The criterion of this method is to make the desired user signal energy maximum that receives, the interference of simultaneously limited other direction of compacting.Another kind is the fully adaptive smart antenna, the weights of this antenna do not need to set in advance, bring in constant renewal in weights but press certain criterion according to the variation of signal space distribution character, the amplitude of weights and phase place can be upgraded freely, and the spatial character that this method can make full use of desired user signal and interference signal when update method restrains makes the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio of the signal that receives reach maximum.
Arrive the angle type smart antenna in these three kinds of structures, have following advantage:
The criterion of this algorithm is to make the desired user signal energy maximum that receives, the interference of simultaneously limited other direction of compacting.Phase array just belongs to such technology, and all amplitudes of phase array are the same, can not change, and has only the adaptive change of phase potential energy.The performance of part adaptive smart antenna is better than switched-beam smart antenna.Finish received beam formation simultaneously, this method also provides accurate relatively user's multipath to arrive angle information.These information can be applied in high-end resetting such as location.Because adaptive smart antenna the weights coefficient and the user that obtain arrive no obvious corresponding relation between the angle, reach the so much Useful Information of deflection judgement type smart antenna so can't provide to the application of services such as location.
The basic structure of arrival angle type smart antenna as shown in Figure 2.The output of each bay enters pretreatment unit 20.In that each input is carried out despreading scramble process (finishing) respectively afterwards in 201_20N, enter and declare to unit 21, obtain the user and arrive angle information.The structure of despreading descrambler as shown in Figure 3.Input signal carries out complex multiplication (related operation) with the system pseudo random sequence code in correlator 30.Its result enters accumulator 31 and carries out accumulating operation.Accumulator 31 is made of adder 311 and memory 312, finishes the function of add operation and intermediate object program storage respectively.After having carried out the time of certain-length when adding up, enter other unit as output and finish systemic-function.
Can see, the existing angle type smart antenna that arrives, in actual Project Realization process, owing to need carry out the despreading descrambling simultaneously to the output of each bay, the hardware cost that needs is higher relatively.Suppose total N bay in the aerial array, when this realizes at hardware, need N despreading descrambler.In the antenna system of reality, generally need unite Space Time and handle many multipaths.Suppose M bar multipath is handled, then need M * N despreading descrambler in the whole system altogether.The scale of this system is very huge, and hardware cost is very huge.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcome in the prior art hardware size big, realize the too high shortcoming of cost, a kind of low cost, arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment that hardware size is little are proposed.
Core concept of the present invention is to utilize time-division multiplex technology, each the despreading descrambler in the multiplexing pretreatment unit, the hardware size of reduction system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to realize like this.A kind of arrival angle type type intelligent antenna equipment comprises aerial array, radio-frequency channel, pretreatment unit and declaring to the unit; Described aerial array comprises two or more bays, and its output is received the input of radio-frequency channel; Described radio-frequency channel receives from the signal of aerial array and finishes low noise and amplify, automatic gain control, demodulation, channel correcting, baseband-converted, A/D sampling, matched filtering; Described pretreatment unit receives the output from the radio-frequency channel, it is carried out descrambling and de-spreading handle, and the result after will handling sends into and declares the arrival angle information that obtains the user to the unit; Described pretreatment unit comprises computing module 40, memory module 41 and channel selecting module 42; The signal that described channel selecting module 42 receives from the radio-frequency channel is sent the signal of a certain passage into computing module 40 selectively and is correlated with and accumulating operation; Computing module 40 is sent into memory module 41 with operation result by channel selecting module 42 and is stored; The result of memory module 41 storage computings provides computing required data by channel selecting module 42 for computing module 40, and final result outputed to declares to the unit.
Described computing module 40 comprises correlator 401 and accumulator 402, correlator 401 is finished the related operation of input signal and system's pseudo random sequence code and the result is sent into accumulator 402 add up, and accumulator 402 outputs to accumulation result in the memory module 41 by channel selecting module 42 and stores and export.
Described memory module 41 comprises some and radio-frequency channel memory one to one mutually, is used to store the signal data of respective channel.
Described channel selecting module 42 comprises first selector 421, second selector 422, third selector 423 and channel selecting controller 424; Described first selector 421 is responsible for selecting suitable radio-frequency channel output signal that it is outputed to computing module 40; Described second selector 422 is responsible for selecting the required data of computing module 40 and it is outputed in the accumulator 402 of computing module 40 from memory module 41; Described third selector 423 is responsible for the output of the accumulator 402 of computing module 40 sent in the memory module 41 with in the corresponding memory of passage and is stored and export; Channel selecting controller 424 is responsible for the controls to three selectors, guarantees in certain cycle, and control computing module 40 all carries out once-through operation to the signal of each passage, and with the intermediate object program of computing store into the corresponding memory of passage in.
Described pretreatment unit can be realized with FPGA and dedicated IC chip.
The arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment that the present invention proposes, compare with existing smart antenna, as needing MN despreading descrambler in the existing smart antenna, the device that adopts the present invention to propose only needs M despreading descrambler, greatly reduce the hardware size of system, also just greatly reduced the realization cost of system.
Description of drawings Fig. 1 is traditional antenna system structure chart.Fig. 2 generally arrives angle type antenna system structure chart.Fig. 3 is the structural representation of despreading descrambler.Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment that proposes of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 had carried out explaining and explanation in front.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment that proposes of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, described device comprises aerial array, radio-frequency channel, pretreatment unit and declaring to the unit.Aerial array comprises two or more bays, and its output is received the input of radio-frequency channel.The radio-frequency channel receives from the signal of aerial array and finishes low noise and amplify, automatic gain control, demodulation, channel correcting, baseband-converted, A/D sampling, the function of matched filtering.Pretreatment unit receives the output from the radio-frequency channel, carries out the despreading scramble process to the received signal, and the result after will handling sends into and declares the arrival angle information that obtains the user to the unit.Pretreatment unit comprises computing module 40, memory module 41 and channel selecting module 42.The signal that channel selecting module 42 receives from the radio-frequency channel is sent the signal of a certain passage into computing module 40 selectively and is correlated with and accumulating operation.Computing module 40 is sent into memory module 41 with operation result by channel selecting module 42 and is stored.The result of memory module 41 storage computings provides computing required data by channel selecting module 42 for computing module 40, and final result outputed to declares to the unit.
Computing module 40 comprises correlator 401 and accumulator 402, correlator 401 is finished the related operation of input signal and system's pseudo random sequence code and the result is sent into accumulator 402 add up, and accumulator 402 outputs to accumulation result in the memory module 41 by channel selecting module 42 and stores and export.
Memory module 41 comprises some and radio-frequency channel memory one to one mutually, is used to store the signal data of respective channel.
Compare with the traditional structure among Fig. 2, the pretreatment unit among Fig. 4 has carried out time-multiplexed processing.Consider that complexity, processing speed that hardware is realized require and the resource consumption cost, pretreatment unit can be integrated in the integrated circuit (IC) chip of a special use or realize among a slice FPGA.The integrated circuit (IC) chip of this piece special use or FPGA finish multipath/multipath/multi-user's preprocessing function.The input signal of a plurality of bays is input in the special-purpose integrated circuit (IC) chip or FPGA, and through after the preliminary treatment, the form by interrupting outputs to and declares the arrival angle information that obtains the user to the unit.When system's initial launch, or system parameters is when changing, can be to the integrated circuit (IC) chip or the relevant parameter of FPGA configuration of special use.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of arrival angle type type intelligent antenna equipment comprises aerial array, radio-frequency channel, pretreatment unit and declaring to the unit; Described aerial array comprises two or more bays, and its output is received the input of radio-frequency channel; Described radio-frequency channel receives from the signal of aerial array and finishes low noise and amplify, automatic gain control, demodulation, channel correcting, baseband-converted, A/D sampling, matched filtering; Described pretreatment unit receives the output from the radio-frequency channel, it is carried out descrambling and de-spreading handles, and the result after will handling sends into and declares the arrival angle information that obtains the user to the unit, and it is characterized in that: described pretreatment unit comprises computing module (40), memory module (41) and channel selecting module (42); Described channel selecting module (42) receives the signal from the radio-frequency channel, selectively the signal of a certain passage is sent into computing module (40) and is correlated with and accumulating operation; Computing module (40) is sent into memory module (41) with operation result by channel selecting module (42) and is stored; The result of memory module (41) storage computing provides computing required data by channel selecting module (42) for computing module (40), and final result outputed to declares to the unit.
2, a kind of arrival angle type type intelligent antenna equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described computing module (40) comprises correlator (401) and accumulator (402), correlator (401) is finished the related operation of input signal and system's pseudo random sequence code and the result is sent into accumulator (402) add up, and accumulator (402) outputs to accumulation result in the memory module (41) by channel selecting module (42) and stores and export.
3, a kind of arrival angle type type intelligent antenna equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described memory module (41) comprises some and radio-frequency channel memory one to one mutually, is used to store the signal data of respective channel.
4, a kind of arrival angle type type intelligent antenna equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described channel selecting module (42) comprises selector 1 (421), selector 2 (422), selector 3 (423) and channel selecting controller (424); Described selector 1 (421) is responsible for selecting suitable radio-frequency channel output signal that it is outputed to computing module (40); Described selector 2 (422) is responsible for selecting the required data of computing module (40) and it is outputed in the accumulator (402) of computing module (40) from memory module (41); Described selector 3 (423) is responsible for the output of the accumulator (402) of computing module (40) sent in the memory module (41) with in the corresponding memory of passage and is stored and export; Channel selecting controller (424) is responsible for the control to three selectors, guarantee in certain cycle, control computing module (40) all carries out once-through operation to the signal of each passage, and with the intermediate object program of computing store into the corresponding memory of passage in.
5, a kind of arrival angle type type intelligent antenna equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described pretreatment unit is realized with FPGA and dedicated IC chip.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011316640A CN100388655C (en) | 2001-12-29 | 2001-12-29 | Arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment |
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| CNB011316640A CN100388655C (en) | 2001-12-29 | 2001-12-29 | Arrival angle type intelligent antenna equipment |
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| CN1430365A true CN1430365A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
| CN100388655C CN100388655C (en) | 2008-05-14 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101124746B (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2012-04-04 | 诺基亚西门子通信有限责任两合公司 | Transmitter and receiver side processing of signals transmitted or received by a smart antenna |
| CN103389490A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Beam forming device based on sparse signals and method of device |
| CN101919117B (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2014-03-19 | 意大利电信股份公司 | Method and system for switched beam antenna communications |
| CN107078379A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | Integrated two-dimensional active antenna array communication system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3369513B2 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2003-01-20 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Communication terminal device and wireless reception method |
| US6236839B1 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-05-22 | Utstarcom, Inc. | Method and apparatus for calibrating a smart antenna array |
-
2001
- 2001-12-29 CN CNB011316640A patent/CN100388655C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101124746B (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2012-04-04 | 诺基亚西门子通信有限责任两合公司 | Transmitter and receiver side processing of signals transmitted or received by a smart antenna |
| CN101919117B (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2014-03-19 | 意大利电信股份公司 | Method and system for switched beam antenna communications |
| CN103389490A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Beam forming device based on sparse signals and method of device |
| CN103389490B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-05-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Beam forming device based on sparse signals and method of device |
| CN107078379A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | Integrated two-dimensional active antenna array communication system |
| CN107078379B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 三星电子株式会社 | Integrated two-dimensional active antenna array communication system |
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| CN100388655C (en) | 2008-05-14 |
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