CN1418161A

CN1418161A - Off-highway off-road dump truck

Info

Publication number: CN1418161A
Application number: CN01805919A
Authority: CN
Inventors: E·S·克雷斯
Original assignee: Kress Corp
Current assignee: Kress Corp
Priority date: 2000-01-20
Filing date: 2001-01-19
Publication date: 2003-05-14
Also published as: WO2001053141A1; CA2398818A1; WO2001053141B1; PE20020088A1

Abstract

A normally off-highway off-road dump truck is disclosed. The truck has a frame with a forward end and a rearward end. The rearward end of the frame is supported by at least two wheels coupled to part of the frame. The truck also has a forward strut support coupled to the frame near the forward end. The truck has at least first and second struct modules coupled to the forward strut support. The first and second strut modules each have an independent steering mechanism and at least one wheel and tire assembly. Each of the first and second strut modules can also have one or more motors for driving a respective wheel and tire assembly independent of each other wheel and tire assembly of that strut module and of the other strut module.

Description

Cross-country or open-air self-discharging truck

Related application

The present invention is relevant to: the U.S. Provisional Application serial number 60/177,147 that on January 20th, 2000 submitted to; The U.S. Patent Application Serial of submitting to January 10 calendar year 2001 _ _ _ _; The U.S. Patent Application Serial of submitting to January 11 calendar year 2001 _ _ _.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to self-discharging truck, relates in particular to a kind of fixed frame posture self-discharging truck.

Technical background

Along with technology is increasingly mature, come application engineering just to seem particularly important with effective and efficient manner as far as possible.Approximately before half a century, the adoptable member of off-road truck has had preferable reliability and more performance.By using these members, constituted those and be considered to following off-road truck with optimized structure.Specifically, a plurality of driving engine, change speed gear box, axletree and tires that are used for large truck are different with having, and the quantity of driving engine and change speed gear box is reduced to one, and axletree is reduced to two and tire and is reduced to six.Importantly, introduced the oil pressure suspension at that time.These changes make that truck is compact more, wheelspan is shorter, weight is lighter, yet intensity is bigger and manipulative capability and driving performance are improved.Today, industry member thinks that still such structure is desirable with regard to present and expected future.

Traditionally, fixed frame posture truck uses needs the mechanical drive components of driving engine to be mechanically connected to change speed gear box, diff mechanical connection in change speed gear box and the back axle, and a diff and a planet transmission device mechanical connection, epicyclic transmission mechanism is connected with tire machinery with rear rim.Rear tyre can provide propulsive effort on ground again so that the truck motion.In practice, this method is used in all highway passenger vehicle and truck, and is used in about most of off-road truck below 200 tons.At present, the capacity of off-road truck has been added to 360 tons.What in those trucies half use is arranged approximately is mechanical drive components.Half uses electric driver element remainder.

In nearest several years, large truck (300 tons and more than) is transformed into a kind of new technology by direct current (DC) electrical motor, and this technology can be controlled the speed and the moment of torsion of interchange (AC) electrical motor effectively.Mechanical drive system can provide power on the speed range of broad.The DC system then can only provide power on narrower speed range.The AC system provides the speed range of power bigger than DC system, but the scope that can provide than mechanical drive system is little.Yet because superior reliability and the simplification of AC system, therefore, the AC system is a kind of preferable selection scheme.

The electric powered vehicle that provides in the industry at present is identical with the position that the Mechanical Driven truck is used for driving engine and change speed gear box for the position of the sharp alternator of driving engine.Usually, the center that two electrical motors are set at back axle to be replacing the Mechanical Driven diff, and directly transmits power in the back axle by gear reducer.These trucies of the prior art still use two traditional axletrees, the structure of six tires, and this structure has one and has two groups of single back axles that are used to drive the twin tire of truck.Two front-wheels are not driven, and only play the effect of control truck direction.They can not turn to flexibly, and this is owing to a plurality of reasons cause, and the overall width that separates as framework and wheel will remain minimum, and does like this, and the framework of supporting engine and front suspension can limit turning efficiency.After having passed through nearly 50 years improvement, still there is restriction in the truck structure of this two axletrees and six tires in practice aspect size and the efficient.

Before 30 years, a kind of oil pressure strut is developed for off-road truck, and two of this trucks enterings are positioned at connection main shaft (having on each side of strut) supporting two tires (having on each side of strut) on each side of strut.Characteristics in the multiple remarkable advantage of this structure are that tire separates.The dual tire that is physically located on all back axles of this conventional confguration very closely separates.The heat that this tire large-scale, that closely separate produces is very serious.The heat of radiation moves on on another tire from a tyre revolution, and like this, the performance of tire is restricted, and thus the performance of truck is caused restriction.Be positioned on the strut both sides with tire, the interval of tire is six times of traditional dual tire construction approximately.The problem of radiations heat energy has been eliminated at this extra interval effectively.

In the past, two kinds of trucies that are provided with public oscillating spindle are arranged.A kind of main shaft is positioned at front portion, non-driving, turns on the axletree, and this front axle has a strut between tire.Another kind of main shaft is positioned at the rear portion, non-ly turns to, on the drive axle, this front axle has an electrical motor between two tires, electrical motor is by a differential planet gear group tire on the drive wheels.In theory, oscillating spindle can make the load on the two-wheeled tire equate.Yet, in practice, have only this situation just arranged when diameter of tyres equates and travels on smooth road surface.The pivot point that these two kinds of trucies of the prior art all require to swing just in time is positioned on the road surface.On uneven road surface, a pair of higher tire obviously can up move.Yet when lower tire moved into, the contact point of higher tire must also shift out the line of centers of strut, and this sport makes weight offset to lower tire.

When turning to, can produce side force or transverse force.Because pivot point is in above the ground just, these side force will make extra weight offset to outside tire.These transverse forces can make the load on the tire increase or reduce.Net result can be that the more a plurality of loads that will come from two sources are applied on the lower tire, and side direction or horizontal load are applied on two tires.

When truck travels on quite flat ground surface or road surface and turns to when not being very fast, generally can not have problems, yet, when ground becomes extremely uneven and/or when truck on the corner during flipper turn, two kinds of situations existence of not expecting are arranged.At first, because therefore the structure between the tire of all these vehicles, must limit the swing of main shaft.When main shaft was in its swing limit, the problem of one series of structural can appear in all members.Bigger radial weight is applied on the lower tire, and bigger side loading is applied on two tires.Side loading can cause obviously worn-down harm too early to drive member, bearing and structure etc.The second, when a tyre break, on the tire of all structures and remainder, can produce very serious dynamic force.

For non-oscillating spindle, the increase of load only can be worked as another degree of turning rate that a uneven ground makes a tire and taken place when bigger between tire.When tyre break, do not have any serious situation for non-oscillating spindle and take place.Strut is roughly a kind of like this design,, can handle full load easily on a tire that is.If wheel bearing is to be 500,000 miles design-calculateds, in this case, it can sustained use 50,000 miles.Ideally, the tire of inefficacy can be replaced in this time range.On extremely uneven surface, the tyre load that has between the tire of strut of non-oscillating spindle is only big slightly than the tyre load that traditional truck produces between the tire of the strut that has twin tire that travels on the same uneven surface.

Equally, for non-oscillating spindle, tire can be near the strut setting.For a kind of oscillating spindle, tire then must be enough far away every getting with strut, to allow swing.The power aggravation that this additional distance can make the power on the tire and produce when oscillating spindle is run into the swing limiting structure.In addition, the stable base portion of non-oscillating spindle is on outside tire.The stable base portion of oscillating spindle is on the pivot point between the tire.Although this is more much better on back axle than stablizing base portion in the common truck, but the front axle or the non-oscillating spindle that are not so good as on common truck are first-class.Like this, oscillating spindle does not have any benefit, just can produce some serious functional issues, and manufacturing and operating cost are higher.

In the last few years, it is found that and need the truck can be without repairing on the kind road surface or open-air operation.Like this, all wheel drive trucies of a kind of radial type of full landform have been developed, and it is hinged on the summary at truck center and locates forward.Drive wire by the junction drives back axle.This truck has become a kind of standard in the building industry, and their all wheels all are driven under the soft situation in road surface in the open air.In addition, known to all personnel that are engaged in agriculture, when the trac. front-wheel was driven, the fuel of use was less.When driving, they apply pulling force, when not driving, and their applied thrusts.Yet industrial general capacity limit with these unit only is 40 tons.This only be common relatively large two axletree trucies volume 1/9th.The truck manufacturing enterprise of the Russia and the U.S. is thought need provide high-capacity all wheel drive trucies.They have all developed a kind of this type of large-scale articulated truck, but they all fail to exert an influence industrial.Because these trucies lack steering response, overweight, the unstable and cost height making and move, so they have stopped production.In addition, the structure of these articulated trucks itself has the mistake of essence.Work as Ackermann steer angle, weight can be offset forward and to sidepiece along with the rotation of vehicle.In order to offset these power, the tire in the outside, the place ahead should will rest on the outside that moves on to bend in the appropriate location or effectively.For these articulated trucks, the tire in the anterior outside is inwardly swung, and therefore need reduce their stability thus to anti-motion.

These small-sized full landform articulated trucks generally are considered to than the frame-type off-road truck of standard lighter load-carrying capacity is arranged.Surprisingly, because they are light constructions, therefore, they have the used load of extreme difference and the ratio of net weight (P/W), and the scope of this ratio is 1.05/1 to 1.2/1.

The truck of a sky must move along both direction between movable loading point and emptying point, and used load moves along a direction.For the cost of estimating truck to be moved with respect to whole used load, can service factor 2 (W/P), below will be described in more detail.

For the every cost of mobile used load $1.00, the P/W ratio is that 1.12 articulated truck Xu Yao $1.78 moves truck.The used load that the major part design of current off-road truck has and the ratio of weight are between 1.4 to 1.6.With P/W is 1.5, and for one dollar of the every cost of mobile used load, then Xu Yao $1.33 comes mobile truck.

Ordinary fixed framework truck uses limited stroke, non-compensation suspension, and this suspension needs tire and structural elements to absorb to have applied dynamically and tersional stress.So just require structural elements heavier, thus since their structure, the zone that is easy to have high stress concentrations.

In addition, also there is the other problem that interrelates with these existing trucies.Common truck has dual rear tyre, these mounting of tyres are on same wheel hub, wheel hub requires two tires to rotate with identical speed, because each tire rotates the distance difference of the point that is centered on from truck, therefore identical speed can cause dual tire friction when rotating.This just requires each tire to rotate with different speed, but since mounting of tyre on same wheel hub, therefore, this can not accomplish.Because dual tire rotates on same wheel hub, therefore, they must also high-precision dimensionally coupling.Otherwise, abnormal wearing and tearing will appear on less tire, and its reason is, and the radius of less tire is little and must rotate quickly.Obviously, load is less on less tire.The tire that has than heavy load will not slide, and the less tire that has less load like this must slide, and will wear and tear.When less tire became more hour along with the time, tire also can wear and tear more and more sooner.In addition, for dual tire, in order to change or, cover and wheel rim must to be removed near inner tire.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the inferoanterior shaft side figure according to the self-discharging truck of content formation of the present invention.

Fig. 2 A is the side's of going forward shaft side figure of the self-discharging truck among Fig. 1, and wherein body upwards and tire is in the straight direction forward.

Fig. 2 B is the side's of going forward shaft side figure of the self-discharging truck among Fig. 1, and wherein body upwards and tire is in maximum rotational position.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 2 are similar, but the tire among Fig. 3 is parallel with 90 degree, is poured onto a side and topple over body with respect to the truck moving direction.

Fig. 4 is the back view of Fig. 1 truck.

Fig. 5 is the birds-eye view of Fig. 1 truck, wherein only shown in broken lines topples over body.

Fig. 6 is the lateral plan of partial cross section of the strut module of Fig. 1 truck.

Fig. 7 is the square shaft view after for a strut module of the truck shown in Fig. 1, has wherein removed a wheel.

Fig. 8 A is the front upper place axonometric drawing of strut module, and wherein the strut module has an electrical motor and drg cooling air intake, motor control part, motor control part radiator fan, cooling fan motor and braking grid.

The guide wire of alternative shape of Fig. 8 B for from the circular portion of Fig. 8 A, intercepting.

Fig. 9 is the top cross-sectional view by the center of bottom strut, electrical motor and main shaft, wherein shows the inlet air flow path and the member of modular assembly.

The wiring of all pipelines Figure 10 shows from the main suspended portion of truck to the position of the removable and rotating part of truck.

Figure 10 A shows all electric wireline among Figure 10, wherein, has removed other all structures.

Figure 10 B shows the wiring of the traction motor speed indicator shown in ground wire, temperature sensor and Fig. 9 and the wiring of fan shown in Fig. 7 and pump The driving motor control line.

Figure 10 C shows the wiring of the hydraulic power line of the drg that is used for Fig. 8 and hydraulic motor.

Figure 10 D shows the cloth line position when a strut module various pipelines during with standard straight directed forward.

Figure 10 E shows the cloth line position of various pipelines when the strut module turns to a bigger corner.

Figure 11 A is the scheme drawing of the possible steering mode of truck among Fig. 1 to 11F.

Figure 12 is the front upper place shaft side figure of another embodiment of the truck that becomes of the composition of content that discloses according to the present invention, and wherein only front-wheel can turn to.

Figure 13 A and 13B topple over the birds-eye view of body for the band in the imaginary line of the truck shown in Figure 12, and have a kind of allocation plan of improved front-wheel steering.

Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B are the birds-eye view of the truck shown in Figure 13 A and Figure 13 B, and it has the allocation plan of another kind of improved front-wheel steering.

The specific embodiment

Below, the embodiment of the self-discharging truck of disclosure with explanation and description according to the present invention.Although the self-discharging truck that this disclosed can be used for the application on the road surface, they are specially adapted to the outer application of highway, even go for cross-country application.The truck of Jie Shiing has improved capacity rating, has reduced cost herein, and can operation cheaply under worst condition.This makes that ore deposit of exploitation can be more economically, and this not only has benefited from the reduction of traffic cost.At least some tires are that the friction when having avoided tyre rotation is installed separately.Because tire can be installed separately and drive, therefore, the size of these tires need not accurate coupling.The turning efficiency of truck makes other tire that need not to remove in a group just can be near inside or exterior tire.As disclose herein truck allowed, by with tyre revolution to surpassing 90 degree, all tires can both be when suitably rotating by approaching easily, and can carry out independent replacement by removing or do not remove wheel rim.This uniqueness or novel truck structure can solve the problems referred to above that exist in the common truck, and this structure also has many other feature and advantage, and these feature and advantage are conspicuous from following description.

Fig. 1-5,8A, 8B and 11A-11F show an embodiment of the truck that disclosure constitutes according to the present invention.Figure 12,13A, 13B, 14A and 14B show the example of another kind of truck.Fig. 6,7,9 and 10-10F show an embodiment of the strut module of disclosure according to the present invention, this strut module can be used on the truck described herein especially.

Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, Fig. 1-5 always shows the truck 20 that disclosure constitutes according to the present invention.This truck 20 has a framework 22, and the centre portion 24 of framework 22 has formed the longitudinal axis " A " of truck.Framework 22 also has a front cross part 26 and a posterior transversal part 28, and they link to each other with centre portion and are basically perpendicular to the centre portion setting, and thus, framework 22 has a kind of I shape structure in planar view.Each lateral part has formed the strut supporting member of truck 20, below will describe in more detail.

Framework 22 is supported in above the ground, and in the present embodiment, it is supported on several wheels and the tyre assembly 30.

Strut module

32F and 32R last (if the following forward direction or back to module that do not specialize then abbreviates 32 as) below will be further described it before and after wheel and tyre assembly are installed in respectively.

Module

32F and 32R rely on the opposed end of front and

back frame part

26 and 28 to install again respectively.In the present embodiment, each in four strut modules 32 has one wheel pairs and tyre assembly 30, therefore, is total up to 8.In eight wheels and the tyre assembly 30 each has a tire 34 that is installed on the wheel rim 36, is used for rotating around the part of corresponding strut module 32.

Truck 20 also has one and topples over body 38, and this is toppled over body and is pivotally mounted on the top of framework 22.When toppling over body 38 when being in the position of a decline (Fig. 1), it is suitable for lade, thereby and this front end 40 of toppling over body 38 can rise and topple over goods.The rear end 42 of toppling over body 38 has a pair of pivot structure 44 that hangs from its bottom surface 46.These pivot structures 44 are connected with pivot structure 45, and pivot structure 45 hangs from the back transverse frame part on equidistant opposite end of framework centre portion 24 28.

In order to unload goods from toppling over body 38, in one embodiment, truck 20 has a single extendible hydraulic actuating cylinder 48, and " A's this hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 " pivotally links to each other with the front portion of framework 22 along the axis at cross section header 50 places.In the present embodiment, before cross section header 50 centers are carried on the surface 52 of face forward of transverse frame part 26.Cross section header 50 is positioned in the place ahead of end of framework centre portion 24 and the place ahead of front-wheel and tyre assembly 30, and is in the outside that turns to or rotate enveloping surface of the tire 34 that the rotation by the strut module produces.Topple over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 and have a second end, near this end pivotally front end 40 of toppling over body 38 links to each other with bottom side of toppling over body or bottom surface 46.When toppling over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 extensions, as shown in Figure 2, topple over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 front end of toppling over body 38 is risen.Can realize the benefit that some are specific by this structure, these benefits will be illustrated when the running of the various features of describing truck 20 and characteristics in more detail.

When to toppling over that body 38 is feeded and during conveying articles, toppling over body 38 and correspondingly rest on the

end face

56 and 58 of transverse frame part 26 and 28.This makes topples over body 38 and framework 22 can be used as one unit work, strengthens mutually and supports.In fact, on the

frame part

24,26 and 28 of truck 20 not by toppling over body 38 itself or toppling over load in the body 38 or load or moment of flexure that goods applies.

Truck 20 generally also has an operator's compartment 60, and operator's compartment holds the control piece that is used to handle truck 20 usually.Operator's compartment 60 can hold also usually that the truck driver uses suitable articles for use (not shown) that make things convenient for are as one or more seats, window, environment control piece, door, sound equipment and communication device etc.Operator's compartment in the present embodiment is arranged on the end place near near the framework 22 the front cross frame part 26, and is bearing in by framework 22 in the position of a rising.Operator's compartment 60 both can be positioned at a side of truck, also can be positioned at midway location place, axis " A " top.In the present embodiment, operator's compartment 60 is arranged on the place ahead a little of front-wheel and tyre assembly 30 and is in the following or below of the front end 40 of toppling over body 38.This position can increase operator's visiblity, and if desired, chaufeur can both be seen front-wheel and tyre assembly 30 at any time.

Lateral part

26 and 28 interconnected before and after the centre portion 24 of framework 22 made, and front strut or suspension module 32F are linked to each other with rear pole module 32R.Central frame part 24 in the present embodiment contains one or more power plant modules 66, and these power plant modules can have radiator 61, driving engine 62, alternating current generator 64, one or more fuel tank (for example being used for mounted engine oil), one or more hydraulic reservoir 70 (for example being used for braking liquid or other hydraulic actuation system fluid) and other auxiliary truck component.

The very important point is that heavy burden will be unloaded as quickly as possible, to guarantee truck 20 maximum capacity rating is arranged.Make and topple over body 38 bevelled high pressure oils and enter by multistage end 47 of toppling over the bar of hydraulic actuating cylinder 48.The end 47 of bar is connected near the front of body 40.For the size that reduces Hydraulic Pump and the size and the length of pipeline, and topple over body 38 and cargo-carring goods thereof, very close to toppling over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 one or more hydraulic pressure accumulators 72 are installed in the bottom side 46 of toppling over body 38 in order to help to rise fast.Accumulator 72 in the present embodiment links to each other by two bigger toppling valves 74, thereby guarantees have suitable flux and flow direction to topple over the end of the bar of hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 near the front end of the centre portion 24 of framework 22.An additional hydraulic fluid tank 76 is very close to toppling valve 74, thereby when toppling over body 38 when being reduced to framework 22, can receive fast and meet the oil of toppling in the hydraulic actuating cylinder 48.

In order to help to drive the adjustment that continues of toppling over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48, hydraulic steering cylinder 132 and strut 11, the suitable position of additional accumulator 72 is the centre portions 24 that are positioned at framework 22.High pressure gas hydraulic actuating cylinder 78, wherein gas is generally nitrogen, can be arranged in this centre portion 24, to store the energy that drives truck 20 all accumulators.Perhaps, these gas hydraulic actuating cylinders 78 and accumulator 72 can be installed in any position of truck as required.When the load on the truck increases, gas compression (referring to Fig. 6 and following explanation) in the chamber 98 in the strut 100 and 99, then, in the oil inflow chamber 97 from accumulator 72, this chamber 97 all can keep the truck constant height under the situation of load-carrying and not load-carrying.

Compare with known truck structure, I shape framework 22 reduces the net weight of truck 22 with structure of toppling over body 38 and configuration.Design every side with common truck and have only a tire to compare, framework 22 also can produce so extra benefit with the structure of toppling over body 38, that is, having on each side of truck forward mounting module 32F can be for the space of two additional tire 34 usefulness.Below will describe the structure of strut module 32 in more detail, the structure of strut 32 only also allows to install two additional tires 34 and wheel rim 36 on the front end at truck under the situation of the recruitment minimum of cost and weight.Extra cost and weight only are to produce owing to another wheel and tyre assembly 30.Because the structure of this kind truck 20 has produced available space, second power plant module 66 also can be connected on the framework 22 at an easy rate, and this has increased the capacity rating of truck 20 greatly.Each tire and strut are very approaching to be important for the overall width that helps to reduce truck.By framing member below and between the space of abundance can hold the rotation enveloping surface of tire on the strut.Yet the rotation enveloping surface of a strut must leave the rotation enveloping surface of adjacent strut, thereby allows bigger strut pivot angle.

Framework 22 also can make wheelspan compare long 50% with common truck with the structure of toppling over body 38.The result that wheelspan fully prolongs is that the weight offset when truck 20 operations between the axle can minimize.The less weight skew can reduce framework 22 and the static state and the dynamic load of toppling on the body structure 38.Load when the less weight skew can also reduce to turn on the front tyre 34.A key character is that there are four tires 34 truck 20 fronts, two of every sides, thereby when Vehicular turn absorbing side forces and weight offset forward.

Referring now to Fig. 6, wherein show the partial cross section of strut unit 32, and outside wheel and tyre assembly 30 have been removed always.Yet each strut module 32 comprises two tires 34, and in the present embodiment, tire 34 is installed on the corresponding wheel rim 36, and wheel rim 36 is carried on the relative both sides of strut 100.In the present embodiment, two main shafts 142 are fixing with strut bar portion 110, and can not swing.

Each module 32 generally has a hydraulic pressure strut assembly 100, and this assembly links to each other with a respective end of one of

transverse frame part

26 or 28 above tire 34.Each suspension of strut assembly 100 from four angles of truck 20.Each strut assembly 100 has a fixing strut housing 102, and this strut housing is fixed in

corresponding frame part

26 or 28 and from its suspension.Each strut housing 102 has formed a strut axis S, substantially vertically illustrates when this axis S is in being in the normal driving position in the present embodiment.Steering tube 104 in the present embodiment is with each strut housing 102 coaxial settings and be received within on it, and this steering tube is suitable for rotating with respect to each housing 102.A Linkage steering 106 is fixed near the upper end of each steering tube 104, and forms a basic plane vertical with the axis S of strut 100.Best as shown in Figure 5, each Linkage steering 106 has formed a pair of relative substantially spindle arm 108 and 109.Spindle

arm

108 and 109 can followingly be handled, thereby operates each strut module 32 separately.

Each strut assembly 100 also has a hydraulic cylinder rod portion 110, and this bar portion telescopically is received within the housing 102, and can slide with respect to housing 102.In the time of in being in the cruising position, hydraulic cylinder rod portion 110 is positioned near its mid point with respect to housing 102 vertical shifting scopes, like this when travelling on the road surface that changes, it as required can from housing extend or the indentation housing in.One main shaft housing 112 is fixed on the bottom of hydraulic cylinder rod portion 110, and it has a columnar wall portion 114, this wall portion in the lower end around the outside face of steering tube 104.Main shaft housing 112 can be along with hydraulic cylinder rod portion 110 and with respect to steering tube 104 vertical shifting.Hydraulic cylinder rod portion 110 and housing 102 can be used as 100 operations of traditional hydraulic pressure strut, with buffer load.Like this, main shaft housing 112 can impact to be used for absorbing with respect to

corresponding frame part

26 or 28 vertical shifting.

One scissors connecting rod (scissor link) 120 has a first connecting rod arm 122, and this pitman arm 122 pivotally connects at one first Pivot joint, 124 places, and this joint is to be formed by first carriage 125 that is fixed in steering tube 104.Scissors connecting rod 120 also has a second connecting rod arm 126, and this pitman arm 126 pivotally is connected one second Pivot joint, 128 places, and this joint is by forming with fixing second carriage 129 of main shaft housing 112.The outer end of first connecting rod arm 122 and second connecting rod arm 126 interconnects at the 3rd Pivot joint 130 places.The Pivot joint 124,128 and 130 of scissors connecting rod 120 can freely move main shaft housing 112 along strut axis S with respect to steering tube 104 and strut housing 102.Yet each member of scissors connecting rod 130 is robustly designed and can stops relatively rotating between steering tube 104 and the main shaft housing 112.Like this, when the motion by Linkage steering 106 made steering tube 104 rotate around strut axis S as described as follows, the main shaft housing also can be rotated, thereby wheel and tyre assembly 30 are rotated.

As Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 5, each strut module 32 is by a pair of extendible fluid-link steering hydraulic actuating

cylinder

132 and 133 individual operations, and in the

spindle arm

108 and 109 of an end of each hydraulic steering cylinder and Linkage steering 106 corresponding one pivotally link together.Hydraulic steering cylinder 132 pivotally links to each other with the bracket portion of framework 22 with 133 relative end.Each

hydraulic steering cylinder

132 and 133 has an extendible bar 134 by 131 controls of hydraulic steering cylinder control cock.If desired, the pressure indicator on each control cock 131 can use by computing machine (not shown), thereby the pressure of hydraulic steering cylinder is coordinated mutually with the torque of wheel electrical motor.

The contraction of the hydraulic steering cylinder 132 of a specific strut module 32 and 133 suitable extensions will make corresponding steering tube 104 rotate around strut housing 102 with respect to axis S, thereby main shaft housing 112 is rotated, and the tyre assembly 30 of wheel is rotated.In one embodiment, the tire 34 of specific modules 32 and wheel 26 turn to from nominal position shown in Figure 3 along all directions and surpass 90 degree, for example about 120 degree or more.

With reference to Fig. 9, each wheel and tyre assembly 30 can be by independent electrical motor 140 independent drive, and electrical motor 140 is installed in the inside of the main shaft 142 of each wheel rim 36 of supporting.Each electrical motor 140 is preferably an alternating-current motor/AC motor 140 of control separately.The electrical motor 140 that obtains power from high speed must combine with a retarder 139 obtaining bigger moment of torsion, promotes this type of truck 20 by soft ground and push to the required draw bar of steep slope thereby produce.Have can independent drive than high pulling torque and all wheels truck 20 be particularly useful for mining industry and building industry.As shown in Figure 9, each main shaft 412 inside has an electrical motor 142, and be supported with two bearings 136, and these two bearings are supported with a wheel hub 144, this wheel hub supporting retarder 139, wheel rim 36 and preferably support in a plurality of tires 34 one.Each main shaft housing 112 has two main shafts 142, rotating shaft on each side with contain porose intermediate structure and link to each other, wherein the hole preferably diminishes gradually, this hole receivability strut bar portion 110.Each electrical motor 140 only drives in two wheels of each strut module 32 and the tyre assembly 30, and therefore if desired, each tire 34 can be driven separately.Main shaft 42 and wheel hub 44 respectively support the part of wheel brake 138, and it will limit the relative motion of wheel hub and main shaft when this wheel brake 138 activated.

Each strut module 32 also has an air cooling system that is used for the AC drive motor, and this cooling system has utilized by main shaft housing 112 and main shaft 142 on-cycle air.Fig. 7-9 shows an example of the cooling system that is used for each strut module 32, and followingly will make brief description to it.Being included in the module 32 is an air intake 145 that is arranged between the corresponding a pair of tire 34, and preferably flushes with the end face of tire 34.This air intake pipe 146 comprises an electrical motor 147, this electrical motor 147 is used to drive a fan 148, this fan 148 can promote coolant air and enter in the main shaft housing 112 by air cleaner 149, and enter an intake air chamber 151 that marks off by plate 152 by air intake 150, plate 152 is separated intake air with outlet air, wherein, cleaner 149 both can be arranged on (upstream) before the fan, also can be arranged in (downstream) after the fan.Then, air enters in the electrical motor 140 by the hole 153 in electrical motor 140 anti-drive ends, passes through rotor by hole 154 by stator and hole 155 again.Air leaves electrical motor 140 by the hole in the motor field frame 160.Then, air returns outside electrical motor 140 by the gap 157 that the external diameter by the internal diameter of main shaft 142 and electrical motor 140 forms.Then, air by with inlet air with leave the separated plate 152 of air and enter the outlet air chamber.Then, air leaves the main shaft housing by hole 159.

In one example, the air that leaves hole 159 after electrical motor 140 is cooled off can pass through a freeing pipe 168.One end of freeing pipe 168 links to each other with outlet perforate 159, and the opposite end has formed a vent openings 170, and this perforate 170 is positioned between the corresponding tire 34 of strut module 32, and preferably also flushes with the top surface of tire 34.Air will flow out from outlet perforate 159 by freeing pipe 168, and leave drain pipe overflow pipe 170.The position of this outlet 170 can prevent that hot discharge gas from making the inside face heating of tire 34.

In another kind of example, freeing pipe 168 can actually become the oil cooler of a Disk brake device system 138 that is used to wet.Owing to must there be a large amount of air to be used to keep electrical motor 240 to be in low-temperature condition, therefore, the air that leaves electrical motor 140 will be more much lower than the temperature of the high temperature oil coolant that leaves drg 138.Air can be in pipe 165 outer circulations, and these pipes 165 with oil from brake band to pump 167, and turn back to drg 138 by freeing pipe 168 oil coolers, as required oil and drg 138 are cooled off.Pump 167 drives by electrical motor 166, and the energy of this electrical motor can be the high pressure oil from the accumulator 72 that can have on the truck.The inlet cooling fan motor 147 of air intake pipe 146 can also receive from the power supply of the identical accumulator pipeline 190 shown in Figure 10 D.In a word, the pole structure that is disclosed allows cooling fan motor 147 and fan to make cooling air circulation to traction motor 140 and oil cooled disk brake 138.

In one example, the inlet drilling 150 of intake air pipe 146 can be fixed on the front of main shaft housing 112.The outlet perforate 159 of freeing pipe 168 can be fixed on the back of main shaft housing 112.Freeing pipe 168 can by with the fixing top scissors link bracket 125 of steering tube 104, and can with steering tube 104 irrespectively along with main shaft housing 112 freely moves up and down.As shown in figure 10, be used for the various hydraulic power lines 172 of cooling fan motor 147 and be used for parking brake 192 and the hydraulic power line of service brakes 194 is routes outside scissors connecting rod 120.

Thus, each strut module 32 comprises strut 100, various steering component, main shaft housing 11 and main shaft, wheel drive motor 140, retarder 139, two drgs 138 and is used for electrical motor and the cooling system of drg.In each strut module 32, also comprise two wheel hubs 144, two wheel rims 36 and two tires 34.Each strut module 32 also comprises air-flow cooling system, hydraulic pressure and electric power cable, hydraulic power line and the driving cooling fan and the wet disk brake oil coolant pump motor of drg.Framework 22 structures of the structure of strut module 32 and truck 20 produce the unexistent a plurality of advantages of traditional truck and the benefit of any model.

In an example, when strut 100 shrinks, Linkage steering 106 and two

spindle arms

108 and 109 fixing with steering tube 104 on the vertex of tire 34.When each of

hydraulic steering cylinder

132 and 133 suitably stretches and has suitable trip distance, just can reach much larger than the steering angle at 90 ends.In operation, the every pair of fluid-link steering

hydraulic actuating cylinder

132 and 133 can make corresponding strut module 32 rotate 120 degree that surpass far away along all directions, for example can reach the multiple different swinging pattern with the truck shown in Figure 11 A-11F as Fig. 2.Except when vehicle is when straight line moves, wheel always turns to around a given common center point.

Shown in Fig. 2 and Figure 11 E, by according to the length of the wheelspan of truck 20 and tire 34 location that width makes each strut module 32 on request, truck 20 can rotate around its center-point, only need simultaneously the pivot region of traditional truck or radius 45% or less than its half.Shown in Figure 11 A-11C, tire 34 also can forward any position to when maintenance is parallel to each other.Like this, truck 20 can be along linear drives, and topples over body 38 and framework 22 can be along any actual angle orientation with respect to the truck longitudinal axis A.In addition, shown in Figure 11 D and 11F, any two strut modules 32 can turn in other two strut modules 32 separately, and can be independent mutually turn to truck 20 with respect to an any side or an end, and not only as common truck from front-end operations.Can obtain many benefits by this alerting ability that turns to.In addition, because each tire 34 on each strut module 32 is electrical motor 140 independent drive by it, therefore, two tires on the module 32 can be with slightly different speed drive, thereby eliminate the tire scouring when rotating.

Truck 20 need not longer and wideer than common truck effectively, but can deliver the two-fold load, and its net weight is only heavy slightly than common truck.In order to transport expeditiously, common off-road truck must travel on better, level and smooth relatively surface, as on the road in mine in good repair.Truck 20 can transport on desirable not to the utmost road surface expeditiously, and because its all wheel drive, therefore, it can climb steeper slope.These factors greatly reduce the cost of transporting material, and also can reduce the cost in the whole ore deposit of operation significantly.

In one embodiment,

hydraulic steering cylinder

132 and 133 can comprise the sensor of a linear displacement, with the axial location of the hydraulic steering cylinder bar 134 of determining each extension, thereby further determines the angle of the axis of tire 32.The computing machine onboard (not shown) of truck 20 can be followed the tracks of this angle of each module 32, and sends appropriate signal to the control piece of other hydraulic steering cylinder of other modules 32.Like this, just can control around the position of the rotation of strut axis S.For example, shown in Figure 11 A-11C, all tire 34 is controlled so as on parallel wheel shaft and rolls, thereby truck 20 is moved along a straight line.Perhaps, shown in Figure 11 D-11F, wheel shaft also can be controlled so as to, and all wheel shafts are intersected at a common point, thereby a kind of required radius that is fit to is provided.

For keeping truck to rotate and common intersection during linear running, module 32 can be individually, dynamically turn to.Intersection point can pass through computing machine (not shown) and determine and control.The angle of tire can be in conjunction with controlling with the Linear displacement transducer 201 (referring to Figure 12) of

hydraulic steering cylinder

132 and 133 one.All tire 34 leaves the distance of public crossing run-on point will be understood at any time, can control relative tire speed by independent motor controller 179 like this.Like this, tire 34 can flatly spur, thus the scratch of tire when avoiding rotating or moving with linear path.

As mentioned above, in one embodiment, shown in Fig. 2 and Figure 11 E, intersection point can be moved between front and back module 32f and 32R respectively in the equidistant position, and can be moved to truck 20 centre a bit.In this steering structure, truck 20 can rotate around itself.Like this, truck 20 need not to move forward and backward, and just can turn round in a very compact space.And this is impossible for common truck.

In another embodiment shown in Figure 11 A and the 11C, and as shown in Figure 3, as required, truck 20 both can be configured to parallel and goods is toppled over from toppling over body 38 in truck axis A ground, also can topple over goods from toppling over body 38 perpendicular to axis A, if desired, truck 20 also can be toppled over goods with other any angle.This equally also can finish in very-close-coupled space under the situation that truck 20 is fallen back.Shown in Figure 11 A-C, this is to be undertaken by rotate all strut modules with identical speed, like this, can keep all struts 32 along parallel wheel shaft W.Tire 34 is always along straightaway, but truck is toppled over body 38 and will be rotated with respect to sense of motion.Truck 20 need not to fall back to make and topples over body 38 with respect to the pour(ing) point break-in.The substitute is, tire 34 can keep moving direction, forwards in the position of toppling over goods and topple over body 38.Come to topple over or must be positioned at when toppling on the deposit to a loading hopper in truck 20 must be positioned in compact space, this feature is useful especially.In a word, when at the charging scoop place or at the pour(ing) point place, truck 20 can directly move into the appropriate location, then can drive easily and leave, and truck 20 is turned to enter and leave charging or required time of dump position thereby reduced.Therefore, truck 20 is actually a kind of and topples over backward and the truck of sideways.

Many people recognize the truck that needs a kind of sideways in mining industry.In the seventies in 20th century, the competent personnel of a mining industry is set forth such phenomenon: " God one fixes on the intelligence of suspecting us because, we in every year in the ore deposit unnecessarily reversing carry out the used distance of discharging can be more than once around the moon.If " he recognize truck in many cases also must back the charging scoop place like this distance of reversing also to double in essence, he also should multiply by two to above-mentioned distance like this.The truck of the content that utilization discloses according to the present invention, the backing distance in the time of can removing loading and unloading from.Equally, required great amount of manpower in the time of can also removing these ultra-large type vehicle backings from.In addition, when being in dress dress shovel or pour(ing) point place, truck 20 can directly move into the appropriate location, then can leave easily, truck is turned to enter and leave charging and required time of discharge position thereby reduced.

Can rotate for strut 100 when on uneven ground or the relatively poor road of road conditions, turning to and moving up and down strut 100, cable 184 and 186 and the wiring of various hydraulic power lines will seem extremely important.It is very worthless that cable is used slip ring, is unpractiaca and hydraulic power line is used swivel coupling.The truck that is disclosed can solve these stubborn problems.

One osed top chamber 174 is installed in the place ahead of former and later two transverse frame parts 26 and 28.Each is set at

hydraulic steering cylinder

132 and 133 and the top of spindle arm 108 and 109.On each closed chamber 174, be provided with corresponding AC traction motor control box 179 expediently.By the rear portion of this closed chamber 174, be provided with the steering tube 104 of strut module 32.In the present embodiment, by closed chamber 174 12 power supply cables 175, a ground wire 184 and a flexible pipe that contains Miniature Sensor and control line 182 are arranged from motor control case 179.72, four hydraulic power line 188-194 enter chamber from accumulator.Article one, pipeline 192 is used for parking brake, and a pipeline 194 is used for service brakes, and one is high pressure accumulator oil pipeline 190, makes the electrical motor 166 of drg oil coolant on-cycle drg pump 167 with drive fan electrical motor 147 and driving.Also have one to be used for returning oily low pressure oil pipeline 188 to hydraulic fluid tank from two electrical motors 147 and 166.In addition, be provided with two pet-valves 198 and 200, one speed that are used for controlling as requested cooling fan motor, another is used for the speed of control brake device pump motor as requested.

In the present embodiment, these power cables 184,186 and flexible pipe 188-194 directly are routed in the bottom of strut module 32 does not have desired member in the member of mounting spring member.In the present embodiment, the end of these cables 184,186 and flexible pipe 188-194 is clipped on the osed top chamber 174.In fact they have identical length, and they are stacked as three times high and suitably keep together, so that they remain in the same vertical plane surface and make loose situation minimum.They are supporting in such a way again, that is, can prevent to wear and tear between the bottom surface of subjacent cable 184,186 and flexible pipe 188-194 and osed top chamber 174.Three such stacking material looselys connect side by side.They are sandwiched on the steering tube 104, and they are downward by spindle arm and along steering tube 104 outside wirings downwards around steering tube 104, and suitably form a circle to hold the full stroke of strut 100.Scissors connecting rod 106 can assist to support this pencil thing as required.In osed top chamber 174, nine leads and flexible pipe are laid along two loop wire 197A and 197B, and suitably form a ring and rotate to adapt to steering tube 104.Article nine, lead and flexible pipe are along relative two loop wire 197A and 197B lay mutually.Can be with nine or all 18 leads and flexible pipe vertically stacked, but this can increase the height of the center of gravity of truck 20 and truck 20, so this is worthless.

The efficient of large-scale tow truck (this cost with mobile capacity weight the is relevant) payload weight relevant with vehicle dry weight (EVW) is directly proportional.This is meant the ratio P/EVW of capacity weight and last weight.For the actual cost with it and mobile capacity weight interrelates, a kind of method is that EVW be multiply by 2, adds capacity weight P, again divided by capacity weight P:

(EVW*2+P)/P wherein, this formula is used to explain such a case, that is, vehicle along towards and move from the both direction of loading point, and capacity weight only moves along a direction towards pour(ing) point.This formula has been described to finishing the work capacity that a transportation cycle truck must be done.Suppose that capacity weight is one, or P=1, above-mentioned formula becomes:

(2/P/W+1)/1 this formula can be reduced to 2/ (P/W).For P/W is 2.0, for each dollar of mobile used load cost, needs cost $1 to come mobile truck.When P/W is 1.5,, need cost $1.33 dollar to come mobile truck for each dollar of mobile used load.The ratio of used load that the design of current most of off-road trucks has and weight is between 1.4 to 1.6.The P/W ratio that the truck that is disclosed allows surpasses 2.3, like this, and for each required dollar of mobile used load, 87 cents of the cost deficiencies of mobile truck.

A common truck bottom that has the short structure of two axles and wheelspan has four tires, and the front only has two.Although for this industrial standard is up-to-standard, consider load center of gravity (weight can be offset forward when the vehicle descending) and dynamic the variation, this also be not desirable and.In these cases, front tyre can experience higher static state and dynamic overload.If tire goes wrong under the situation of these overloads, just be easy to cause truck out of control.The truck 20 that is disclosed can have the wheelspan than some comparable truck long 60%, and can use four tires 34 on front axle.When truck is in these rough sledding following times, this structure has reduced the application on the front tyre 34 greatly.In addition, if a tire 34 on the module 32 goes wrong, remaining tire 34 can keep the control to truck 20.

Another important factors is its execution performance in the intrinsic value of vehicle, and this available horsepower with the Moving Unit material is relevant.There are two factors can be used for the performance and the capacity rating of comparison vehicle.They are the horsepower (HP) of unit gross vehicle weight (GVW), i.e. the horsepower of HP/GVW, and mobile capacity weight, i.e. and HPxPL/GVW, this is referred to as capacity weight horsepower.For a large amount of open space of framework 22 belows of truck 20 and the space between strut module 32F and the 32R, the generic card car engine of two maximums can be installed easily, to strengthen the execution characteristic of truck 20 fully.The configuration structure of framework 22 and strut module 32 also provides uneven passage for power plant module 66, to keep in repair and/or to change.The capacity weight horsepower of the truck 20 of this announcement approximately common truck than the full output of selling in the market is big 2.4 times.

The principal element that is used to estimate vehicle stability depends on the height and the stability basis (SB) of center of gravity, perhaps be the basic square (SB of stability in actual conditions ²).In present most of vehicle, the stable basis of front axle is the center at front tyre.This configuration structure is favourable in stability, but is disadvantageous for the stress of framework and the load of front tyre.The stability of back axle be the rear suspension system useful effect the line of centers of back axle a bit.On most of common trucies, the stable basis between the axletree of front and back is usually than big 5 times on the front axle.When with this result square, the result is, outside tire can absorb all slip angles force and because the weight offset power forward of turning and producing effectively before single on the common truck on bend.This truck topple over body when discharging around pivoted, a plurality of pins by the truck rear portion can keep substantially toppling over body in case its overturning, and because narrow framework is very slight.This common truck plan of establishment has applied bigger torsional stress on narrower framework, and (when turning) makes the front-wheel overload of the single outside to the great number of degrees.20 pairs of four tires on a side of the truck on the bend outside of the truck that is disclosed can provide equal lateral control force.Long wheelspan can make by the weight offset forward that produces of turning and minimize.Minimized weight offset can absorb by a tire on two tires 34 rather than the common truck.Very important being characterised in that of the truck of prompting, under all similar operation situations, tire 34 will be under the less stress, and this has not only reduced the cost of tire 34, and truck 20 is moved well with bigger load at high speed.

When discharging, common truck makes their hydraulic actuating cylinder of toppling over be in a certain position between two axletrees, requires hydraulic actuating cylinder that the total weight of toppling over body and load is mentioned.This load is directly transferred in the framework.Therefore, the position of hydraulic actuating cylinder makes the maximizes stress on the framework.In the truck 20 that is disclosed, topple over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 and be installed on the framework 22 between the front strut module 32F.Therefore, require strut hydraulic actuating cylinder 48 to apply a power, this power is half of weight of toppling over body 38 and load.Second half of this weight is by trunnion 43 supportings at truck 20 rear portions.Load is directly transferred on the strut module 32F along truck axis A, rather than transfers between the module 32R of front and back.This configuration can be eliminated the flexure stress in the framework effectively, and reduces to topple over the stress in the body 38, equally also makes framework 22 firmer, yet compares lighter with respect to capacity weight with the generic card frame.Fig. 2 shows a plurality of accumulators 72, and these accumulators 72 significantly reduce the required time of truck 20 dischargings helping.Accumulator 72 is installed very close to toppling over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48, to improve the fluid behaviour from accumulator 72 to the oil of toppling over hydraulic actuating cylinder 48.This structure makes truck 20 dischargings and makes topples over body 38 and resets the required time only for below half of common truck discharging and reset time, and the load of toppling over is almost its twice.

All common trucies must stop, break-in and back and stack point or loading hopper to unload load.Yet it is dangerous doing like this, has two reasons at least.At first, chaufeur must extreme care, otherwise he will pour into car and stacks point and go up or pour in the object.The second, the force of inertia that truck weight produces owing to braking can be applied in the feasible edge of stacking bucket that stops at, and the stacking thing is collapsed.

Thisly stop, reverse gear, bending, fall back and stop not only heavyly for truck once more, but also want elapsed time.Conventional procedure also makes to be stuck in to return under the shovel at every turn and feeds, and gets back to an emptying point and carry out discharging.The truck 20 that is disclosed has been exempted the action of waste again this low efficiency, dangerous fully at traction on-cycle two ends.

The truck 20 of toppling over that is disclosed allows bigger volume, higher efficient and has improved operability.In addition, all tires 34 can independent drive and are turned to, and make can reach good alerting ability under relatively poor traction condition.The truck 20 that is disclosed is very solid, very high carrying capacity, and to compare its carrying capacity with its weight be extremely light, and extremely significant performance characteristic is arranged under most of disadvantageous conditions.The main progress of the truck that discloses 20 but in each characteristic that muck haulage industry needs, thereby has promptly improved the cost that capacity rating has reduced transporting material again not only on the carrying capacity of truck.Important, the truck that is disclosed can reduce the cost of operation one ore deposit, building ground etc. thus.

Figure 12,13A, 13B, 14A and 14B illustrate in greater detail the operating structure of simplification, to realize the steering mode shown in Figure 11 A and Figure 11 D.For example, Figure 12 shows the truck 300 according to composition of content of the present invention.The truck 300 that is disclosed only has above-mentioned front strut module 32F.As described above, front-wheel and tyre assembly 30 can turn to separately, make it pass through bigger steering angle along all directions, for example 105,110,120 degree or bigger.Yet in a preferred embodiment, rear pole module 298R keeps by fixing connecting rod, and is indeflectible.They always remain in as shown in the figure the straight direction forward.

One of front-wheel and trailing wheel can be driven, and perhaps can drive front and back wheel simultaneously.When front-wheel was driven, in a preferred embodiment, one or more front-wheels and tyre assembly 30 can be by above-mentioned independent electrical motor 140 independent drive.Yet front-wheel need not all to be driven.Similarly, if trailing wheel is driven, outer or a plurality of trailing wheels can drive by above-mentioned corresponding electrical motor 140, and perhaps trailing wheel can drive in a conventional manner.In the structure of this front-wheel steering, preferably drive trailing wheel.

Two rear pole module 298R can be installed on each truck, and one of every side is installed in the front or the back of truck, perhaps also can install four by each car.Rear pole module 298R and/or trailing wheel and tyre assembly 296R can be installed on the common non-drive axle.Trailing wheel also can be installed on the rear pole module 298R identical with above-mentioned module 32R essence with tyre assembly 196R, as long as they do not have steering hardware and do not turn to.Each trailing wheel and tyre assembly can be as described above by its own independent electrical motor with different speed independent drive, rub thereby produce in avoiding rotating.

Except other benefit that obtains by above-mentioned front strut module 32F, truck 300 has with common vehicle and truck and similarly is referred to as Ackermann steering trapezoidal geometry and deflector.Figure 13 A, 13B, 14A and 14B have illustrated the truck 300 that has Ackermam formula front-wheel steering, but this truck has another kind of steering hardware and allocation plan.

Figure 13 A (front-wheel steering) and Figure 13 B (front-wheel is straight) show and have the truck 300 that another kind turns to configuration structure.Among the embodiment that is disclosed, truck 300 has a framework 301 and front and

back strut module

298F and 298R respectively herein, and this and said frame 22 and module 32 are similar, but following these differences are arranged.

Each strut module 298 only has a single pitman arm 302, and this pitman arm 302 extends back from steering tube 104.The pitman arm 302F of front strut module 298F is used to make front strut to turn to.The pitman arm 302R of rear pole module 298R only is used to rear pole is stable and remain on graphic straight direction forward.Like this, rear linking rod arm 302R can replace effectively and be fixed in strut housing 102, and (referring to Fig. 6) if wish, can remove steering tube from.

One end of drag link 304 rigidity, regular length links to each other with each front strut pitman arm 302F.Be provided with a pair of strut hydraulic actuating cylinder 305, an end of each strut hydraulic actuating cylinder pivotally links to each other with hydraulic actuating cylinder carriage 206, and this carriage 306 is installed on the part of framework 301 at rear of front strut 298F.A relative end of each drag link 304 links to each other with a leg-of-mutton whippletree carriage 307, and this whippletree carriage 307 pivotally is bearing on the installation bracket 310, and installation bracket 310 is fixed on a part of framework 301 in the place ahead of hydraulic actuating cylinder carriage 306.The whippletree carriage has a pair of spindle arm 312 relative, horizontal expansion, and each arm pivotally links to each other with an opposed end of a corresponding hydraulic steering cylinder 305.Whippletree carriage 307 also has a front end 313, and this front end pivotally links to each other with the opposed end of drag link 304.

The rear linking rod arm 302R of strut module 298R all links to each other with an end of corresponding stationary links 308.Each connecting rod 308 also has a second end, and this end links to each other with installation bracket 309 on being connected in a part of framework 301.Stationary links 308 keeps rear pole module 298R and back wheel and tyre assembly 296R with graphic straight direction forward.

Figure 13 A shows front strut module 298F, when volume front-wheel be in the direction that turns to, Figure 13 B show front-wheel be in straight forwards to the time front strut module 298F.For a kind of Ackermam geometric configuration, each wheel and tyre assembly 298 have a pivot center, and this pivot center is oriented to and a common point 311 places of all intersecting at any steering angle on the line of centers at back axle in theory.This means that preceding wheel and tyre assembly 298F can forward the different angles or the number of degrees as shown in the figure to.Aforesaid, because they are mechanical connections, therefore, hydraulic steering cylinder 305 can (but not necessarily) be controlled so that its accurate location by the computing machine (not shown) on the car.

In the present embodiment, hydraulic actuating cylinder 305 can automatically carry out length adjustment so that whippletree carriage pivoted, and this will make front end 313 sway again.This moving will make drag link 304 move again so that front-wheel and tyre assembly 298F rotate as required by front rod arm 302F.

Truck 300 can be adopted multiple possible steering hardware structure and structure.In addition, also can use many different steering geometry shapes.

Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B show a kind of in multiple possible steering geometry shape and the element structure.In the present embodiment, hydraulic steering cylinder 305 is positioned in the place ahead of another whippletree carriage 320, and this whippletree carriage 320 has a pivoted end 321 and a front end 322.A pair of relative and hydraulic actuating cylinder frame support bracket 324 horizontal expansion extends from framework 301, and each all pivotally is connected an end of corresponding hydraulic actuating cylinder 305.The end that hydraulic actuating cylinder is relative all links to each other with whippletree carriage 320 near front end 321 with drag link 304.In the present embodiment, the flexible transverse lever support frame that can make of hydraulic actuating cylinder 305 centers on pivot pin end 322 left-right rotation, and drag link 304 is moved, thereby front strut module 296F and preceding wheel and tyre assembly 298F are rotated.

Truck 300 among each embodiment that is here disclosed is all low than truck 20 costs, but nearly all advantage can be provided.Except the truck 300 of Figure 12 allows vehicles around a bit the rotating of the approximate center of back axle, each truck 300 all can not be perpendicular to the axis drives of itself, but steering capability should with adopt the similar of Ackermann steering geometric configuration in common vehicle and truck.

Other embodiment can comprise some front strut modules, and these modules can be rotated as mentioned above, but can not drive any front-wheel or can not drive all front-wheels at least.In this embodiment, trailing wheel can be driven as mentioned above, but can not rotate.The independent driving motor of each of each follower can as above be controlled, to eliminate the friction of tire.

Above-mentioned detailed description only is for clearly understanding, but should not be construed as unnecessary restriction, and those skilled in the art can apparent various variations.

Claims

1. truck, this truck comprises:

One framework, described framework have a front end and a rear end;

At least two trailing wheels, described trailing wheel link to each other with the part of framework and the rear end of bearer frame;

At least the first and second strut modules, first and second struts link to each other with framework near front end, and wherein each strut module comprises:

The one strut assembly that is directed, described strut assembly has a upper end, a lower end and a strut axis, this strut assembly has a strut housing, its upper end and partial fixing with the concentric truck framework of strut axis, and have a steering tube, this steering tube centers on the strut rotational with respect to the strut housing;

One spindle assemblies, this spindle assemblies has the main shaft of pair of opposing, main shaft extends and defines a wheel rotation axis from a main shaft housing, spindle assemblies is loaded in the lower end of strut assembly, be used for centering on the strut axis with strut pipe co-rotation, spindle assemblies is configured to and can moves as vibration damping with respect to the truck framework along the strut axis;

One wheel pairs and tyre assembly, each assembly make it center on the wheel rotation axis and rotate all by a corresponding main shaft supporting;

At least one driving motor, this electrical motor and a main shaft link, and are used to drive corresponding wheel and tyre assembly around the wheel turns rotational;

One steering hardware, this steering hardware are suitable for making steering tube and spindle assemblies to rotate with respect to the strut housing of each strut module independent with respect to other strut unit; And

One air cooling system, this air cooling are configured and are arranged to make the surrounding air part by electrical motor at least, thereby heat is dispersed out from least one driving motor.