CN1409493A - Dynmaic compressor for compressing analogue signal - Google Patents
Dynmaic compressor for compressing analogue signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1409493A CN1409493A CN02144498A CN02144498A CN1409493A CN 1409493 A CN1409493 A CN 1409493A CN 02144498 A CN02144498 A CN 02144498A CN 02144498 A CN02144498 A CN 02144498A CN 1409493 A CN1409493 A CN 1409493A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- amplifying
- signal
- amplifying stage
- dynamic compressor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/62—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for providing a predistortion of the signal in the transmitter and corresponding correction in the receiver, e.g. for improving the signal/noise ratio
- H04B1/64—Volume compression or expansion arrangements
Abstract
In a dynamics compressor, an analog signal to be compressed is supplied to a first amplifier stage as an input signal, and the output signal thereof is supplied to the next amplifier stage as an input signal, and so on for a number of successive amplifier stages. Each amplifier stage amplifies its input signal with a stage amplification until it reaches a stage limit level. The analog signal and the respective output signals of the amplifier stages are summed in a summation stage to form a sum signal. Above a minimal level, the magnitude of the curve of the sum signal roughly corresponds to an exponent characteristic of the magnitude of the analog signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic compressor that is used for compressed analog signal, it has the amplifying stage of some series connection,
-wherein, the first order of amplifying stage with analog signal as input signal, and other amplifying stage with the output signal of last amplifying stage as its input signal,
-wherein, the input signal that each amplifying stage will be imported wherein with stage gain amplifies back output, reaches a grade limiting level until the output signal by its output,
-wherein, the output signal of this analog signal and these amplifying stages all is input to a summing stage, exportable thus one and signal.
Background technology
The dynamic area of magnetic resonance receive signals is very big, but its relative bandwidth on the magnetic resonance frequency level is very little.The dynamic area is about 100dB typically, is about 500kHz and observe bandwidth.Because higher dynamic requirements, although bandwidth is relatively little, it is very big that signal processing remains expense, and be that cost is very high therefore.Therefore, by magnetic resonance signal is compressed, and then expand (adopting the bandwidth that suitably increases) cost is descended, and particularly for having opened up new approach from the wireless read output signal of local coil.
The expansion of magnetic resonance signal can be carried out after with the magnetic resonance signal digitlization.It is realized with relatively low cost, for example realize by memory reprogramming to the storage corrected value that existed.And compression must be carried out analog magnetic resonance signal.In this input dynamic characteristic, definition and reproducibility very high requirement is arranged all to characteristic curve, phase stability etc.In addition, when wireless read output signal, also require dynamic compressor institute consumed current less.
A kind of dynamic compressor according to classification is disclosed in 2/87, the 66 to 87 pages of UKW-Berichten (UKW report).All amplifying stages of this dynamic compressor all have identical level limiting level and identical stage gain.Can realize the log characteristic curve by means of this dynamic compressor.
Shown " Der Telefunken-Kompander " (Rundfunktechnische Mitteilungen (broadcast technology communication) year 22 (1978) by Gerhard Dickopp and Emst Schroeder, volume 2, the the 63rd to 74 page) a kind of dynamic compressor of compressed analog signal is disclosed, this dynamic compressor has the amplifying stage of some mutual series connection.The first order in these amplifying stages with analog signal as its input signal, and other amplifying stage with the output signal of its previous stage as its input signal.The input signal that each amplifying stage will be imported wherein with stage gain amplifies back output, reaches a grade limiting level until the output signal by its output.This dynamic compressor has logarithm control characteristic curve.
A kind of dynamic compressor with index control characteristic curve is disclosed by DE 2842945 B2.
For log-compressed, expansion subsequently is pretty troublesome.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is with alap cost realization dynamic compressor, to make propagation energy later implement more simply.Technical problem of the present invention is to solve like this, makes the power characteristic curve (Potenzkennlinie) that approximates the analog signal absolute value with the absolute value of signal curve on minimum levels.
The index of this power characteristic curve certainly must be less than 1.Preferably, this index is between 0.2 to 0.5, particularly between 0.3 to 0.35.Have advantage especially to be one be 1/3rd value, promptly when this power characteristic curve is cubic root.
Therefore such characteristic curve especially has advantage, because it is by primitive curve and be point-symmetric.Therefore two half-waves of a signal will be compressed equally.
In practice, the power characteristic curve to arbitrarily small signal must go approaching with the straight line of limited rising.Because otherwise then must near zero point, carry out the amplification of infinite height.Therefore, minimum levels is defined as, is transformed into the transitional level of power characteristic curve regions from the range of linearity.
The power characteristic curve for example can realize like this that the i.e. stage gain of at least one amplifying stage is different from the stage gain of other amplifying stage, and the level limiting level of these amplifying stages is identical each other.
In addition, can also realize like this, promptly have at least the level limiting level of an amplifying stage to be different from the level limiting level of other amplifying stage, and the stage gain of these amplifying stages be identical each other.
Especially have advantage when the power characteristic curve is realized like this, promptly the level limiting level of described amplifying stage is different in couples.Especially when the level limiting level from first amplifying stage to last amplifying stage (especially equidistant) during dull decline.
Usually, the amplifying stage of use is many more, and is just good more to being similar to of power characteristic curve.Along with the increase of the amplifying stage quantity of using, the cost of circuit engineering is risen on the other hand.A kind ofly compromisely preferably be, the amplifying stage that this dynamic compressor had between four to ten, particularly between five and eight, for example six.
In the following cases, amplifying stage work gets especially good, it is the amplifier unit that each amplifying stage has two sustainable controls, it respectively has a control connection end and two main links, a main link of each described amplifier unit is connected with supply voltage by himself a current-limiting resistance, its another main link is connected with reference potential by public stabilized current power supply, the input signal of introducing these amplifying stages is added in control end, and can obtain the signal by these amplifying stage outputs between main link and current-limiting resistance.
When the current-limiting resistance of all amplifying stages all has identical resistance value, and the stabilized current power supply of all amplifying stages can make each amplifying stage have relatively uniform structure when all providing different mutually constant currents.
Another kind of possibility is that the current-limiting resistance of all amplifying stages all has different resistance value mutually, and the stabilized current power supply of all amplifying stages all provides identical constant current.
When the input signal of each amplifying stage is that symmetry is introduced respectively, and the output signal of each amplifying stage be symmetry introduce summing stage the time, then can significantly reduce the even number distortion.
When the summing stage input is designed to current node, especially simple to the summation of each amplifying stage output signal.According to analog signal and and signal between the requirement of phase constant, input resistance, low pass loop or phase-shift network (Allpaess) can be set between summing stage and amplification grade circuit.
Dynamic compressor of the present invention is preferably used in the magnetic resonance coil, so that magnetic resonance signal is compressed.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and one embodiment of the present invention other advantage of the present invention and details are described, there is shown in principle:
Fig. 1 shows the rough schematic view of a magnetic resonance receiving unit;
Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of a dynamic compressor;
Fig. 3 shows in detail the circuit diagram of dynamic compressor among Fig. 2.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, receiving coil 1 receiving magnetic resonance signals of coil device.This magnetic resonance signal is drawn by a resonant capacitor 2 and is input to dynamic compressor 4 by preamplifier 3.This analog magnetic resonance signal will be by dynamic compressor 4 compressions.Dynamic compressor 4 provides one (simulating equally) and signal, and it has littler dynamic range with respect to original magnetic resonance signal.Should and the absolute value of the curve of signal on minimum levels, approximate the power characteristic curve of absolute value of the curve of this magnetic resonance signal.This power characteristic curve has its value typically between 0.2 and 0.5, and particularly main index between 0.3 and 0.35 for example is 1/3rd.
Should be introduced into modulator 5 then with signal, this modulator 5 should be modulated on high-frequency carrier signal with signal.The output signal of this modulator is introduced into dispensing device 6, and is wirelessly sent to the receiving system 7 of receiving circuit by this dispensing device.
The signal that receiving system 7 receives is admitted to demodulator 8, by demodulation reproduction and signal.Should and signal be transfused to analogue-to-digital converters 9, these analogue-to-digital converters 9 will simulate with signal digitalized.This digitized and signal is admitted to expander 10, and 10 pairs of signals by dynamic compressor 4 compressions of this expander compensate.The magnetic resonance signal that has been expanded again that obtains thus will be continued to deliver among the figure for clarity sake and unshowned parts are further handled.
Coil device shown in Figure 1 is a local coil, thus its one of expression be not be fixed in the magnetic resonance device but with respect to the magnetic resonance coil of its motion.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, dynamic compressor 4 has the amplifying stage 11 of some series connection.The quantity of amplifying stage 11 is generally between four to ten.Be preferably between five to eight.According to illustrated embodiment, six amplifying stages 11 are arranged.
According to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, first amplifying stage 11 with magnetic resonance signal (below be referred to as analog signal) as input signal.Other amplifying stage 11 respectively with the output signal of last amplifying stage 11 as its input signal.The input signal that each amplifying stage 11 usefulness stage gain v will import wherein amplifies back output, reaches a grade limiting level P until the output signal by its output
i(i=1 ..., 6).
The output signal of this analog signal and these amplifying stages (11) all is input in the summing stage 12.12 pairs of summing stages are input to signal summation wherein, and export a corresponding and signal.
As mentioned above, can realize the power characteristic curve by means of dynamic compressor 4.This can realize by different measures.Particularly for example can realize like this, even the level limiting level P of amplifying stage 11
iIdentical mutually, and make the stage gain v of amplifying stage 11 different each other.But according to present embodiment is that the stage gain v of amplifying stage 11 is identical mutually, and the level limiting level P of amplifying stage 11
iThen different in couples.Especially from first amplifying stage 11 to 11 grades of limiting level P of last amplifying stage
iBe equidistant dull decline.
Set up according to execution mode is routine down:
P
i＝P
6+(1-i/6)×D
Wherein, D is and the power of signal.Level limiting level P
iD represents with logarithm value at this with power, for example represents with dB.
As a result of can obtain maximum gain V by foregoing circuit, as long as this analog signal is in to descend most under the level.This maximum gain V equals the result of stage gain v at this, promptly equals 6 powers of stage gain v according to present embodiment.Surpass after the minimum levels, amplification will descend step by step.Effectively amplify and easily to realize as the function of analog signal to be compressed.Index can be complementary with the function that is drawn iteratively then.Usually, the index that is drawn is littler than desired.
If said process can not meet the demands, can also be additionally with level limiting level P
iAlso carry out conversion like this, so that they no longer are equidistant.
Amplifying stage 11 the most handy symmetric difference amplifiers in the end are realized.This differential amplifier also is used for many logarithmizers.According to Fig. 3, this amplifying stage 11 has two amplifier units 13.Amplifier unit 13 is transistor 13 normally, respectively has a control end (base stage) and two main links (emitter and collector).Because the application of transistor 13 can be controlled continuously to amplifier unit 13.
The collector electrode of amplifier unit 13 is connected with positive voltage U+ by himself a current-limiting resistance 14, and the emitter of amplifier unit 13 is connected with reference potential (the earth) with public stabilized current power supply 16 by negative feedback resistor 15.Current input signal is imported amplifying stage 11 symmetrically by coupling capacitor 17 or coupling inductance 18.Input signal is added in the control end of the amplifier unit 13 of each amplifying stage 11 significantly.Output signal by each amplifying stage 11 output can be respectively from obtaining between collector electrode and the current-limiting resistance 14.
Obviously, the output signal of each amplifying stage 11 also is to be input to symmetrically in the summing stage 12.The even number of contingent signal disturbs and has also been suppressed well at this.
The small signal gain v of amplifying stage 11 is by the resistance value R of current-limiting resistance and negative feedback resistor 14,15
c, R
E, stabilized current power supply 16 electric current I and by so-called temperature voltage U
TDetermine.Draw by following formula:
v＝R
C/(R
E+2U
T/I)
This small signal gain v identical with stage gain v should have identical value for all amplifying stages 11.This for example can realize like this: the current-limiting resistance 14 of all amplifying stages 11 all has identical resistance value R
C, provide mutually different constant current I and use negative feedback resistor 15 by stabilized current power supply 16, to realize amplifying stage 11 desired parametrizations.Can also realize like this: the resistance value R that makes current-limiting resistance 14
CChange, and make the identical and use negative feedback resistor 15 of constant current I, to realize amplifying stage 11 desired parametrizations.Can select all amplifying stages 11 are provided with negative feedback resistor 15 at this.Amplifying stage 11 can also be designed to, make afterbody amplifying stage 11 not have negative feedback resistor 15.
According to Fig. 3, the input of summing stage 12 is emitters of the transistor 19 that moves in basic circuit.Therefore, summing stage 12 is constituted as current node in input one side.Current mirror by summing stage shown in Figure 3 12 to circuit (Stromspiegelschaltung) with the electric current half-wave according to the mutual superposition of symbol.
Be used for the substitute of the transistor circuit of summing stage 12 as diagram, can also for example use an operational amplifier, import each output signal at its reverse input.
As can be seen, the output signal of described analog signal (being original input signal) and amplifying stage 11 is by phase-shift network 20 input summing stages 12.Can realize good compensation by means of phase-shift network 20 to the output delay of output signal at different levels time.Under the very little situation of phase error, also available simple low pass loop substitutes phase-shift network 20.If needn't compensate, even can also only use resistance to phase shift.
In Fig. 2 and the dynamic compressor of the present invention 4 shown in Figure 3, can also be integrated in the local coil.The required electric energy of this local coil is considerably less, so that available battery drives in one long period.
Claims (20)
1. dynamic compressor that is used for compressed analog signal, it has the amplifying stage (11) of some series connection,
-wherein, the first order of amplifying stage (11) with analog signal as input signal, and other amplifying stage (11) respectively with the output signal of last amplifying stage as its input signal,
-wherein, (input signal that v) will import wherein amplifies back output to each amplifying stage (11), reaches a grade limiting level (P until the output signal by its output with stage gain
i),
-wherein, the output signal of this analog signal and these amplifying stages (11) all is input in the summing stage (12), exportable thus one and signal,
It is characterized in that, should and the absolute value of the curve of signal on minimum levels, approximate the power characteristic curve of this analog signal absolute value.
2. dynamic compressor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described power characteristic curve has its value between 0.2 and 0.5, and particularly the index between 0.3 and 0.35 for example is 1/3.
3. dynamic compressor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, (stage gain that v) is different from other amplifying stage (11) (v), and the level limiting level (P of these amplifying stages (11) to have the stage gain of an amplifying stage (11) at least
i) be identical each other.
4. dynamic compressor according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, has the level limiting level (P of an amplifying stage (11) at least
i) be different from the level limiting level (P of other amplifying stage (11)
i), and the stage gain of these amplifying stages (11) (v) is identical each other.
5. dynamic compressor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the level limiting level (P of described amplifying stage (11)
i) different in couples.
6. dynamic compressor according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described limiting level (P at different levels
i) be dull decline from first amplifying stage (11) to last amplifying stage (11).
7. dynamic compressor according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described limiting level (P at different levels
i) to be that distance ground is dull from first amplifying stage (11) to last amplifying stage (11) descend.
8. each described dynamic compressor in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that, the amplifying stage that it had (11) between four to ten, particularly between five and eight, for example six.
9. each described dynamic compressor in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that,
-each described amplifying stage (11) has the amplifier unit (13) of two sustainable controls, and they have a control connection end and two main links respectively,
A main link of-each described amplifier unit (13) is connected with supply voltage (U+) by himself a current-limiting resistance (14), and its another main link is connected with reference potential by a public stabilized current power supply (16),
The input signal of these amplifying stages of-introducing (11) is added in control end, and
-can between main link and current-limiting resistance (14), obtain signal by these amplifying stages (11) output.
10. dynamic compressor according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the current-limiting resistance (14) of all described amplifying stages (11) all has identical resistance value (R
c), and the stabilized current power supply (16) of all described amplifying stages (11) all provides different constant current (I) mutually.
11. dynamic compressor according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the current-limiting resistance (14) of all described amplifying stages (11) all has different resistance value (R mutually
c), and the stabilized current power supply (16) of all described amplifying stages (11) all provides identical constant current (I).
12., it is characterized in that having at least a part of amplifying stage (11) between public stabilized current power supply (16) and the main link that is attached thereto, to be provided with the negative feedback resistor (15) of himself according to claim 10 or 11 described dynamic compressors.
13. dynamic compressor according to claim 12 is characterized in that, the negative feedback resistor (15) of himself is not set between public stabilized current power supply (16) and the main link that is attached thereto for last amplifying stage (11).
14., it is characterized in that the input signal of each amplifying stage (11) is that symmetry is introduced respectively according to each described dynamic compressor in the claim 9 to 13, and the output signal of each amplifying stage (11) symmetry is introduced summing stage (12).
15., it is characterized in that described summing stage (12) is designed to current node at input according to each described dynamic compressor in the aforesaid right requirement.
16. dynamic compressor according to claim 15 is characterized in that, is provided with input resistance between described summing stage (12) and amplifying stage (11).
17. dynamic compressor according to claim 15 is characterized in that, is provided with the low pass loop between described summing stage (12) and amplifying stage (11).
18. dynamic compressor according to claim 15 is characterized in that, is provided with phase-shift network (20) between described summing stage (12) and amplifying stage (11).
19. according to each described dynamic compressor in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that, be provided with a dispensing device (6) that is used for the magnetic resonance signal after the compression is radioed to receiving system (7) behind the described summing stage (12).
20., it is characterized in that, for compressed magnetic resonance signal is used it for magnetic resonance coil, especially in the local coil according to each described dynamic compressor in the aforesaid right requirement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10148441.0 | 2001-10-01 | ||
| DE10148441A DE10148441C1 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2001-10-01 | Dynamic compressor for analogue signal uses successive amplifier stages providing output signals summated with supplied analogue signal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1409493A true CN1409493A (en) | 2003-04-09 |
| CN1322679C CN1322679C (en) | 2007-06-20 |
Family
ID=7701012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021444986A Expired - Fee Related CN1322679C (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-30 | Dynmaic compressor for compressing analogue signal |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6714093B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1322679C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10148441C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10148442C2 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-07-24 | Siemens Ag | Transmission method for a magnetic resonance signal and the corresponding coil arrangement, detection circuit and magnetic resonance signal transmission device |
| DE102004050088B4 (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2010-05-06 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for transmitting signals |
| DE102005015647A1 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-12 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | compander |
| DE102006020831B4 (en) * | 2006-05-04 | 2014-08-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Controller for a high-frequency amplifier |
| JP5481163B2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社東芝 | Magnetic resonance imaging system |
| CN103135079B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2015-11-25 | 西门子(深圳)磁共振有限公司 | The method of reseptance of magnetic resonance signal, receiving system and magnetic resonance imaging system |
| DE102014204706B4 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2019-06-06 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Receiver assembly of a magnetic resonance imaging system and a magnetic resonance imaging system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2842945C3 (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1981-11-19 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Circuit for generating a control signal for controlling the transmission rate of electronically controllable amplifying or attenuating elements |
| US4317142A (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1982-02-23 | Polaroid Corporation | Electronic gain and noise control for recording of analog information |
| KR910000368B1 (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1991-01-24 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시기가이샤 | Non-linear signal processor apparatus |
| JP3242953B2 (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 2001-12-25 | 株式会社東芝 | Logarithmic compression level detection circuit |
| US5894283A (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 1999-04-13 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Method and apparatus for converting analog signals into pulse signals with simultaneous analog signal compression |
-
2001
- 2001-10-01 DE DE10148441A patent/DE10148441C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 CN CNB021444986A patent/CN1322679C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-10-01 US US10/262,329 patent/US6714093B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10148441C1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
| US6714093B2 (en) | 2004-03-30 |
| CN1322679C (en) | 2007-06-20 |
| US20030076187A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
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Granted publication date: 20070620 Termination date: 20200930 |