CN1405344A - Preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy - Google Patents

Preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy Download PDF

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CN1405344A
CN1405344A CN 02109897 CN02109897A CN1405344A CN 1405344 A CN1405344 A CN 1405344A CN 02109897 CN02109897 CN 02109897 CN 02109897 A CN02109897 A CN 02109897A CN 1405344 A CN1405344 A CN 1405344A
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alloy
strength
compacting
preparation
aluminium alloy
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CN1216166C (en
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李建忱
赵明
赵占奎
隋忠祥
蒋青
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The invention refers to a technique of making high-intensity aluminum-alloy goods by powder-metallurgy method. It hotly presses prefab alloy powder Al86La10Ni4 or Al90Mn8Ce2 to shape in mould to obtain high-intensity aluminum-alloy goods, and its compression strength>820MPa, alloy powder particular degree<=40 micro m, compression pressure 1GPa-1.6GPa and compression temperature 753K-803K. The alloy powder Al86La10Ni4 or Al90Mn8Ce2 is made of melted middle alloy under argon-gas protection by ultrasonic-pulverization method.

Description

Preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of with powder metallurgy process manufacturing high-strength aluminium alloy products technology.
Background technology
Since this century the seventies, science and technology is in the development of producing and the various fields in life acquisition is advanced by leaps and bounds.Development of high-tech such as aerospace has particularly proposed a series of new demand to the various performances of material.Wherein mainly comprise: the specific rigidity, the specific tenacity height, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant that require material.Along with science and technology development, various countries' automotive industry is to safety, environmental protection, energy saving direction development, and wherein one of topmost measure is to use aluminium alloy to alleviate automotive dead weight.
The intensity that improves aluminium alloy at present mainly contains following several method: 1, alloyage process: add alloying elements such as Cu, Zn, Mg and strengthen alloy strength in aluminium alloy; 2. plastic deformation method; 3. organize decrystallized method, comprise being organized as amorphous phase or nanocrystalline, α-Al matrix distribution nano-scale intermetallic compound particles, the α-accurate crystalline phase of Al matrix distribution nano-scale.。
Can obtain the aluminium alloy of maximum intensity 740MPa at present by alloyage process in the laboratory, the aluminium alloy maximum intensity of practical application is 540MPa, and it is very difficult further to improve intensity of aluminum alloy with alloyage process.And improve the restriction that alloy strength is subjected to shape and size with the cold plastic deformation method, and the plasticity of alloy sharply descends, and unstable.The third method has obtained very big progress at present, can obtain than the more high-intensity aluminium alloy of traditional method.In research in recent years, various height contain Al amount (Al 〉=85%) non-crystaline amorphous metal alloy strip, and it has shown excellent comprehensive mechanical property: tensile break strength＞1000MPa, good bend ductility, corrosion-resistant.Occurred the report of first part of Al base noncrystal alloy in 1987, closed the alloy of Al amount 85-90at% because its compound has good toughness and high strength causes attention widely.People such as Inoue studies Al-Ln-TM series non-crystalline state alloy respectively since 1988.The tensile strength of the alloy strip of producing surpasses 1000MPa, reaches as high as 1250MPa, is 2 times of rolled products of ordinary high-strength Al alloy strength.
The formation method of non-crystalline state high strength alumin ium alloy mainly is the melt supercooled method, needs high speed of cooling to suppress crystalline and generates, thus the non-crystalline state of obtaining, so the form of the amorphous alloy that forms is small-sized at least in one direction, as film, band, powder.These forms have limited the application of amorphous alloy to a certain extent, especially aspect engineering materials.Although amorphous alloy has very high intensity, specific tenacity and good anti-corrosion are difficult to make machine parts.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy technology, adopt this technology can obtain the high-strength aluminium alloy products of ultimate compression strength greater than 820MPa.
The manufacturing technical feature of aldural of the present invention is: with the ready-formed atom percentage content is Al 86La 10Ni 4Or Al 90Mn 8Ce 2Powdered alloy hot-forming and obtain the high-strength aluminium alloy products of ultimate compression strength in mould greater than 820MPa, its powdered alloy granularity≤40 μ m, pressing pressure are that 1GPa-1.6GPa, press temperature are 753K-803K.
The selection of alloying constituent:
The main cost and the performance of considering material of composition design of alloy.Performance mainly is meant its mechanical property (σ b, HRC, wear resistance).Consider that from reducing cost of alloy the aluminium content of alloy should be greater than 85% (atomic percent), the while should contain a certain amount of nickel or elements such as manganese and group of the lanthanides form very tiny strengthening phase.The present invention is by a large amount of experiments, with above-mentioned two kinds of alloys as preferred ingredient.
The preparation of powdered alloy:
Employing purity is 99.9% Al, and Ni, Mn, 99%La and Ce press atomic percent respectively and mix, and are smelted into master alloy in electric arc furnace, adopts the ultrasonic atomization legal system to get powdered alloy then under argon shield, and gas cooling speed is about 10 3The powdered alloy granularity that K/s produces is less than 40 μ m.
Determining of pressing process: 1, the selection of temperature: be the prerequisite that obtains fine and close block alloy, surface melting will take place during compacting could obtain fine and close alloy that promptly press temperature is higher than 0.8Tm (Tm alloy melting point).And have only the fusing of the powder surface of generation, the density of compacting alloy could be very high.Press temperature should be at 753K-803K.2, pressure is selected: the pressing conditions overdraft produces stress concentration, destroy the pellumina (owing to forming in powdered alloy preparation and the deposit) on powdered alloy surface, make the unsalted surface of powdered alloy be in contact with one another, the space between the liquid phase powder filler particle that while powdered alloy generation surface melting is produced.When being not less than 1GPa, pressure can obtain fine and close block alloy goods.
Compacting aluminium closes the measurement of complete density and voidage.
The density measurement of compacting sample adopt Archimedes's method be 100,000 in precision/ optical electrobalance on carry out.The voidage of alloy (δ) is calculated by following formula:
δ=(ρ tρ m)/ρ tρ tAnd ρ mBe respectively the theory of computation density and the measuring density of alloy.Measuring result shows that the density of alloy increases along with the increase of press temperature.Compacting at a lower temperature still keeps powder wood particle shape in the big and tissue in the space of alloy.Along with the increase of temperature, tissue density increases.The voidage of compacting block alloy can be lower than 2%.
Microstructure and property:
The microstructure of compacting alloy is being lower than the original spherical pattern that 473K compacting alloy structure still keeps powder.Along with the increase of press temperature, the pattern (consulting Fig. 2) of still visible powder.When having only press temperature to be 593K, the pattern of powder disappears, and does not have tangible space (consulting Fig. 3) in the tissue.Temperature is higher than powder generation surface melting temperature (being 0.8Tm), obtains the dendritic structure of perfect recrystallization.Temperature further increases, and the microtexture of alloy is identical, and alloy is tiny recrystallized structure (consulting Fig. 4).
The X diffraction structure is analyzed analytical results, and the AlLaNi alloy structure is α-Al, La 3Al, LaNi, Al 3Ni, La 3Al 11Compound and Al 2O 3, the AlMnCe alloy is by α-Al, MnAl 6, Al 4Ce compound and Al 2O 3Form.The reinforcement of alloy is mainly the contribution (consulting Fig. 5) of these intermetallic compounds and oxide compound
The alloy maximum hardness of development can reach HRc31, and ultimate compression strength can reach 950MPa.Wear resistance is higher than 105 aluminium alloys (seeing application example 1 and 2).
Adopt the aluminium alloy of technical solution of the present invention preparation to have following effect:
1. the technology simple operations of the preparation aldural of technical solution of the present invention is convenient, and press temperature is control easily within the specific limits.
2, adopt the hardness and the intensity of the aluminium alloy of technical solution of the present invention preparation obviously to be better than traditional high strength alumin ium alloy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pressing unit synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the light micrograph of 553K compacting alloy.(a) AlLaNi alloy, (b) AlMnCe alloy.
Fig. 3 is the light micrograph of 593K compacting alloy.(a) AlMnCe alloy, (b) AlLaNt alloy.
Fig. 4 is a 773K compacting alloy electron photomicrograph.(a) AlLaNi alloy, (b) AlMnCe alloy.
Fig. 5 is an alloy X-ray diffraction curve.(a) AlMnCe alloy, (b) AlLaNi alloy.
Fig. 6 is the voidage of compacting alloy and the relation curve of press temperature.
Fig. 7 is the ultimate compression strength of compacting alloy and the relation curve of press temperature.
Fig. 8 is the wear resistance curve that following of different press temperatures obtain the compacting alloy.(a) AlLaNi alloy, (b) AlMnCe alloy.
Embodiment
Application Example 1:
Use Al 86La 10Ni 4(atomic percent) powdered alloy, pressure are 1.2GPa compacting alloy, and the letter of pressing process device is shown as Fig. 1.
Compacting can not form block alloy when temperature is lower than 473K, and the voidage of alloy increases and increases along with press temperature.Be higher than 773K compacting down, the voidage of alloy is less than 3% (consulting shown in Figure 6).Hardness of alloy reaches as high as HRC31, and the ultimate compression strength of alloy is up to 950MPa (consulting Fig. 7).The wear resistance of alloy is 2 times (consulting Fig. 8 (a)) of 105 aluminium alloys.
At different temperatures system Al 86La 10Ni 4Alloy property sees Table 1.
Table 1 compacting Al 86La 10Ni 4The alloy performance test result
Press temperature Vickers' hardness Hv Rockwell hardness HRC Voidage % Ultimate compression strength MPa
????753K ????371 ????27 ????3.12 ????900
????793K ????362 ????31 ????2.57 ????950
????803K ????252 ????26 ????1.59 ????890
Application Example 2: adopt Al 90Mn 8Ce 2(atomic percent) metallurgical powder compacting alloy.Be lower than the 473K compacting and can not form block alloy, the voidage of compacting alloy increases and increases along with press temperature.Be higher than 773K compacting down, the voidage of alloy is less than 1% (consulting shown in Figure 6), and hardness of alloy reaches as high as HRC26, and the ultimate compression strength of alloy is up to 895MPa (consulting Fig. 7).The wear resistance of alloy is 3 times (consulting Fig. 8 (b)) of 105 aluminium alloys.
At different temperatures system Al 90Mn 8Ce 2Alloy property sees Table 2.
Table 2 compacting Al 90Mn 8Ce 2The alloy performance test result
Press temperature Vickers' hardness Hv Rockwell hardness HRC Voidage % Ultimate compression strength Mpa
?753K ????235 ????18 ????0.94 ????825
?793K ????268 ????26 ????0.81 ????895
?803K ????258 ????24 ????0.80 ????820
The Al that the foregoing description is used 86La 10Ni 4Or Al 90Mn 8Ce 2Powdered alloy all is that the master alloy by melting adopts the ultrasonic atomization method to produce under argon shield, powder size≤40 μ m.

Claims (2)

1. preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy technology is characterized in that with the ready-formed atom percentage content be Al 86La 10Ni 4Or Al 90Mn 8Ce 2Powdered alloy hot-forming and obtain the high-strength aluminium alloy products of ultimate compression strength in mould greater than 820MPa, its powdered alloy granularity≤40 μ m, pressing pressure are that 1GPa-1.6GPa, press temperature are 753K-803K.
2. preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that said Al 86La 10Ni 4Or Al 90Mn 8Ce 2Powdered alloy is that the master alloy by melting adopts the ultrasonic atomization method to produce under argon shield.
CN 02109897 2002-05-31 2002-05-31 Preparation of high-strength aluminium alloy Expired - Fee Related CN1216166C (en)

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CN1216166C CN1216166C (en) 2005-08-24

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102672807A (en) * 2012-05-25 2012-09-19 宜兴市金鱼陶瓷有限公司 Novel high-strength mould
CN103725909A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-16 北京科技大学 Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy through powder liquid phase die forging
CN106222502A (en) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-14 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy of a kind of high scandium content and manufacture method thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102672807A (en) * 2012-05-25 2012-09-19 宜兴市金鱼陶瓷有限公司 Novel high-strength mould
CN102672807B (en) * 2012-05-25 2014-04-02 宜兴市金鱼陶瓷有限公司 Novel high-strength mould
CN103725909A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-16 北京科技大学 Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy through powder liquid phase die forging
CN106222502A (en) * 2016-08-30 2016-12-14 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy of a kind of high scandium content and manufacture method thereof

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