CN1400094A - Plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material and its preparation method - Google Patents
Plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1400094A CN1400094A CN 01125010 CN01125010A CN1400094A CN 1400094 A CN1400094 A CN 1400094A CN 01125010 CN01125010 CN 01125010 CN 01125010 A CN01125010 A CN 01125010A CN 1400094 A CN1400094 A CN 1400094A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- steel plate
- copper powder
- plastics
- sintering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a plastic steel back self-lubricating composite material, and is characterized by that it is formed from plastics, copper powder and copper sheet from top to bottom, in which the composition of the plastic material is composed of 40-75 wt% of polyether-ether-ketone, 5-20 wt% of teflon, 1-20 wt% of graphite and 1-20 wt% of fibre. It is prepared by adopting continuous mesh-belt sintering furnace, double-roll rolling mill and stir-mixing machine, and said invented product has good mechanical strength and heat resistance, and in the wide temp. range of -60-350 deg.C it has the tribiology characteristics of low friction, abrasive resistance and no damaging duality, and is suitable for making tribiologic components of shaft sleeve, slide plate and others.
Description
The invention discloses a kind of have higher mechanical strength and hear resistance, and the good self-lubricating property that has low friction, wear resistant damage in-60～350 ℃ temperature range is fit to make axle sleeve, plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material of the tribology parts under slide plate and the various friction condition and preparation method thereof.
At present, the develop rapidly of aerospace industry, auto industry, mechanical industry, energy industry, electronic information industry, health care and food machinery and all kinds of driving members, to all kinds of axle sleeves, the requirement of slide plate and friction means is more and more higher.Traditional metal bearing material (comprising all kinds of bimetallics and inlaid material) is because the process complexity, and wastes a large amount of valuable non-ferrous metal (as: copper and alloy thereof etc.).In addition, considerable bearing uses in-60～350 ℃ temperature range.In this temperature range, most of engineering plastics can both satisfy its instructions for use.And plastic composite is easy to process, and cost is low.
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of a kind of plastics steel back composite with higher mechanical strength, hear resistance, self lubricity and wearability and preparation method thereof for gearing.
The present invention realizes by following measure:
A kind of plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material is characterized in that being made up of plastic material, copper powder and steel plate from top to bottom; Wherein the weight percentage of plastic material is a polyether-ether-ketone 40～75%, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 5～20%, graphite 1～20%, carbon fiber 1～20%.
The used steel plate of the present invention is a copper plated steel, thickness 0.7～50mm.
The used copper powder of the present invention is the ball copper powder, granularity 50～400 orders.
The weight percentage of the preferred plastic material of the present invention is a polyether-ether-ketone 65～75%, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 5～15%, graphite 5～15%, carbon fiber 5～15%.
With plastic material composition and kind be limited in above-mentioned scope be because:
(1) polyether-ether-ketone: the favorable mechanical performance is arranged, and toughness and rigidity have both, and are the most outstanding in all plastics to the good fatigue durability of alternate stress, can match in excellence or beauty with alloy material.Good chemical proofing is arranged, hydrolytic resistance, insulating properties, anti-flammability.In addition, good self lubricity is arranged, heat-resisting quantity, anti-fissility and workability.
(2) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): good high and low temperature resistance is arranged, chemical stability, self lubricity and wearability.Extremely low coefficient of friction is arranged, and weather resisteant is good.
(3) graphite and carbon fiber: add in the resin matrix, make filled composite materials that good mechanical performance, withstand voltage creep properties and the good heat conductivity of contracting be arranged.
Steel backing material provided by the invention is: steel surface sintering number layer ball copper powder layer (ball copper powder size distribution is 50～400 orders).
Continuous track sintering furnace, two roller rolling mill and stirring mixer are adopted in the plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material preparation.Concrete preparation method in turn includes the following steps:
(1) steel plate upper berth ball copper powder: evenly spread the ball copper powder on the steel plate, require shop layer thickness 1～4mm;
(2) ball copper powder on the sintering steel plate: use the continuous track sintering furnace, 750～950 ℃ of temperature, time 60～180min, inert gas shielding;
(3) the plastics powder mixes: percentage composition is a polyether-ether-ketone 40～75% by weight, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 5～20%, and graphite 1～20%, carbon fiber 1～20% is poured in the stirring mixer and is mixed, and the powder that mixes is crossed 50～700 mesh sieves;
(4) shop powder: the powder that mixes is layered on the steel plate of sintering good shot copper powder, powder thickness 1～10mm;
(5) cold rolling several;
(6) sintering powder: shop powder steel plate is put into sintering furnace, fire 60～120min for 300～450 ℃;
(7) hot rolling: 200～300 ℃ following shop powder steel plate that sinters put into two roller rolling mill rollings, repeats for several times.
The composite technology that the present invention adopts continuous mesh belt type sintering furnace, two roller rolling mill and stirring mixer to produce is simple and convenient, and waste material is few, and properties of product are stable, the production efficiency height.
The physical and mechanical properties of composite with above-mentioned plastic component and steel backing is as follows: bearing pressure 150MPa, Applicable temperature-60～260 ℃, coefficient of friction 0.01～0.28, wear rate 1.23～5.16 * 10
-16m
3/ Nm (on MM-200 type ring piece friction wear testing machine, recording rotating speed 200rpm, pressure 200N).
Composite of the present invention is fit to make axle sleeve, the tribology parts under slide plate and the various friction condition.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material.1-is a plastic layer, and 2-is the copper powder layer, and 3-is the steel plate layer.
Embodiment 1: plastic component is a polyether-ether-ketone: 60%, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): 10%, graphite 15% and carbon fiber 15%.
(1) surface of steel plate cleans up with acetone, spreads the ball copper powder then;
(2) steel plate of completing the ball copper powder is put into sintering furnace and is fired;
(3) take by weighing polyether-ether-ketone 6kg respectively, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 1kg, graphite 1.5kg and carbon fiber 1.5kg;
(4) plastics in above-mentioned (3) are mixed with stirring mixer, the plastics that mix are crossed 50～700 mesh sieves and are layered on the copper coin that sinters, and guarantee shop powder thickness 2mm;
(5) cold rolling several;
(6) cold rolling good material is put into sintering furnace and is fired.
(7) hot rolling for several times;
Through composite its Applicable temperature-60～350 of above-mentioned technology preparation ℃, main friction and wear behavior is: coefficient of friction 0.01～0.26, wear rate 1.28～5.10 * 10
-16m
3/ Nm.
Embodiment 2: preparing plastic component by aforementioned process is: polyether-ether-ketone 75%, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 8%, the composite of graphite 5% and carbon fiber 12%.This material is because of the carbon fiber content height, and the more above-mentioned composite of mechanical strength will be got well, coefficient of friction 0.03～0.28, wear rate 1.40～4.50 * 10
-16m
3/ Nm.
Embodiment 3: preparing plastic component by aforementioned process is polyether-ether-ketone: 75%, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): 5%, the composite of graphite 15% and carbon fiber 5%.This material is because of the content of graphite height, and it is a little bit poorer that the more above-mentioned composite of mechanical strength is wanted, coefficient of friction 0.01～0.22, wear rate 1.23～4.80 * 10
-16m
3/ Nm.
Claims (5)
1, plants plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material, it is characterized in that forming by plastic material, copper powder and steel plate from top to bottom; Wherein the weight percentage of plastic material is, polyether-ether-ketone 40～75%, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 5～20%, graphite 1～20%, carbon fiber 1～20%.
2, preparation methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this method in turn includes the following steps: (1) shop ball copper powder: evenly spread the ball copper powder on the steel plate, shop layer thickness 1～4mm; (2) ball copper powder on the sintering steel plate: use the continuous mesh belt type sintering furnace, 750～950 ℃ of temperature, time 60～180min, inert gas shielding; (3) the plastics powder mixes: percentage composition is a polyether-ether-ketone 40～75% by weight, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 5～20%, and graphite 1～20%, carbon fiber 1～20% is poured in the stirring mixer and is mixed, and the powder that mixes is crossed 50～700 mesh sieves; (4) material in above-mentioned (3) is mixed with stirring mixer, the plastics that mix are layered on the copper coin that sinters; Guarantee shop powder thickness 1～10mm; (5) cold rolling several; (6) sintering powder: shop powder steel plate is put into sintering furnace, sintering 60～120min under 300～450 ℃ of gas shield sintering; (7) hot rolling: 200～300 ℃ following shop powder steel plate that sinters put into two roller rolling mill rollings, repeats for several times.
3, material as claimed in claim 1, the weight percentage that it is characterized in that plastic material is a polyether-ether-ketone 65～75%, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 5～15%, graphite 5～15%, carbon fiber 5～15%.
4, material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that steel plate is a copper plated steel, thickness 0.7～50mm.
5, material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that copper powder is the ball copper powder, granularity 50～400 orders.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01125010 CN1400094A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | Plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material and its preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01125010 CN1400094A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | Plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material and its preparation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1400094A true CN1400094A (en) | 2003-03-05 |
Family
ID=4665843
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01125010 Pending CN1400094A (en) | 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-01 | Plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material and its preparation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1400094A (en) |
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100348652C (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-11-14 | 福州大学 | Novel self-lubricating polymer composite material and its prepn process |
| CN100424366C (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2008-10-08 | 嘉兴中达自润轴承工业有限公司 | Multilayered self-lubricating material with high porosity and preparation method thereof |
| CN100460110C (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2009-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | Method of producing polymer material with self lubricating compound layer for mechanical products |
| CN101813134A (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2010-08-25 | 大连三木得科技有限公司 | Method for preparing bearing retainer by using carbon fiber composite material |
| CN102049891A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-05-11 | 江西东方豹紧固件有限公司 | Wear-resistant board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102423930A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-04-25 | 吴江市明阳新材料科技有限公司 | High-performance two-layer composite self-lubricating bearing material plate |
| CN102476182A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-30 | 山东柠檬生化有限公司 | Material for producing wear resistant bearings |
| CN102602080A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 大连路阳科技开发有限公司 | Steel-base polyether-ether-ketone composite plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102653213A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-05 | 极东产机株式会社 | Automatic wallpaper glue coating machine |
| CN102785428A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2012-11-21 | 镇江江科机电工程有限公司 | Wear resistant and self-lubricating PPS (polyphenylene sulfide)-metallic composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN102845884A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 昆山市周市斐煌服饰厂 | Wear-resistant fabric and wear-resistant trousers |
| CN104632894A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 上海材料研究所 | Environmentally-friendly plastic thrust bearing bush and production method thereof |
| CN105153646A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州天健竹业科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant composite material for bicycle and preparation method thereof |
| CN105711194A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-06-29 | 江苏英科医疗制品有限公司 | High-strength wear-proof composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105840979A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-08-10 | 嘉兴奥菲思机械有限公司 | Wear-resistant guide plate |
| CN106280147A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江长盛滑动轴承股份有限公司 | Modified PVDF wear-resistant self-lubricating dynamic bearing material, sheet material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106636990A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | Novel self-lubricating copper alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106636724A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | Novel copper alloy based on self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106676371A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-17 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | Copper alloy based on self-lubricating material and preparation method of copper alloy |
| CN107058918A (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-08-18 | 钦州市科学技术开发中心 | A kind of new copper chromium alloy material and preparation method |
| CN107556697A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 辽源市钢背轴承有限责任公司 | A kind of polyether-ether-ketone is material modified, composite bush and preparation method |
| CN108708905A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-26 | 哈动国家水力发电设备工程技术研究中心有限公司 | A kind of pump-storage generator polyether-ether-ketone composite material thrust bearing shoe valve |
| CN109307009A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-05 | 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 | A kind of reinforced self lubrication bearing |
| CN110762122A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-07 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Hot die pressing molding process for polyether-ether-ketone composite material thrust tile of pumped storage unit |
| CN111570790A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-25 | 嘉善双飞润滑材料有限公司 | POK three-layer composite self-lubricating material and preparation process thereof |
| US10981365B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2021-04-20 | Victrex Manufacturing Limited | Polymeric materials |
-
2001
- 2001-08-01 CN CN 01125010 patent/CN1400094A/en active Pending
Cited By (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100348652C (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-11-14 | 福州大学 | Novel self-lubricating polymer composite material and its prepn process |
| CN100424366C (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2008-10-08 | 嘉兴中达自润轴承工业有限公司 | Multilayered self-lubricating material with high porosity and preparation method thereof |
| CN100460110C (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2009-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | Method of producing polymer material with self lubricating compound layer for mechanical products |
| CN101813134A (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2010-08-25 | 大连三木得科技有限公司 | Method for preparing bearing retainer by using carbon fiber composite material |
| CN102476182A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-30 | 山东柠檬生化有限公司 | Material for producing wear resistant bearings |
| CN102049891B (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2013-05-08 | 江西东方豹紧固件有限公司 | Wear-resistant board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102049891A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-05-11 | 江西东方豹紧固件有限公司 | Wear-resistant board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102653213A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2012-09-05 | 极东产机株式会社 | Automatic wallpaper glue coating machine |
| CN102653213B (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2016-03-23 | 极东产机株式会社 | Automatic Wallpaper glue coating machine |
| CN102423930A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-04-25 | 吴江市明阳新材料科技有限公司 | High-performance two-layer composite self-lubricating bearing material plate |
| CN102602080A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 大连路阳科技开发有限公司 | Steel-base polyether-ether-ketone composite plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102602080B (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2015-04-08 | 大连路阳科技开发有限公司 | Steel-base polyether-ether-ketone composite plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102785428B (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2017-02-01 | 镇江江科机电工程有限公司 | Wear resistant and self-lubricating PPS (polyphenylene sulfide)-metallic composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN102785428A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2012-11-21 | 镇江江科机电工程有限公司 | Wear resistant and self-lubricating PPS (polyphenylene sulfide)-metallic composite and preparation method thereof |
| CN102845884A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 昆山市周市斐煌服饰厂 | Wear-resistant fabric and wear-resistant trousers |
| US10981365B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2021-04-20 | Victrex Manufacturing Limited | Polymeric materials |
| CN104632894B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-08-29 | 上海材料研究所 | A kind of environmentally-friendly plastic thrust bearing shoe and preparation method thereof |
| CN104632894A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 上海材料研究所 | Environmentally-friendly plastic thrust bearing bush and production method thereof |
| CN105153646A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州天健竹业科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant composite material for bicycle and preparation method thereof |
| CN105711194A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-06-29 | 江苏英科医疗制品有限公司 | High-strength wear-proof composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105840979A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-08-10 | 嘉兴奥菲思机械有限公司 | Wear-resistant guide plate |
| CN106280147B (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2019-07-09 | 浙江长盛滑动轴承股份有限公司 | Modified PVDF wear-resistant self-lubricating dynamic bearing material, plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106280147A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江长盛滑动轴承股份有限公司 | Modified PVDF wear-resistant self-lubricating dynamic bearing material, sheet material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106636990A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | Novel self-lubricating copper alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106636724A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | Novel copper alloy based on self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106676371A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-17 | 钦州市钦南区科学技术情报研究所 | Copper alloy based on self-lubricating material and preparation method of copper alloy |
| CN107058918A (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-08-18 | 钦州市科学技术开发中心 | A kind of new copper chromium alloy material and preparation method |
| CN107556697A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 辽源市钢背轴承有限责任公司 | A kind of polyether-ether-ketone is material modified, composite bush and preparation method |
| CN108708905A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-26 | 哈动国家水力发电设备工程技术研究中心有限公司 | A kind of pump-storage generator polyether-ether-ketone composite material thrust bearing shoe valve |
| CN110762122A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-07 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Hot die pressing molding process for polyether-ether-ketone composite material thrust tile of pumped storage unit |
| CN109307009A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-05 | 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 | A kind of reinforced self lubrication bearing |
| CN111570790A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-25 | 嘉善双飞润滑材料有限公司 | POK three-layer composite self-lubricating material and preparation process thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1400094A (en) | Plastics steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting composite material and its preparation method | |
| Prakash et al. | Mechanical and wear behaviour of Mg–SiC–Gr hybrid composites | |
| Kumar et al. | Performance of polyimide and PTFE based composites under sliding, erosive and high stress abrasive conditions | |
| CN100463940C (en) | Bridge bearing gliding material and method for preparing the same | |
| EP0185044B1 (en) | Polytetrafluoroethylene composite material | |
| CN100504091C (en) | Polymer self-lubricating thin layer composite axle sleeve and its preparation method | |
| JP6318135B2 (en) | Metallurgical composition of particulate material, self-lubricating sintered body, and method for obtaining self-lubricating sintered body | |
| CN104039484B (en) | Metal dust and application thereof | |
| Rajaganapathy et al. | Investigation on Tribological and mechanical behaviour of AA6082—Graphene based composites with Ti particles | |
| Pan et al. | Tribological and mechanical properties of copper matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotube and alumina nanoparticles | |
| Gao et al. | Controlling the sizes of in-situ TiC nanoparticles for high-performance TiC/Al–Cu nanocomposites | |
| Ravichandran et al. | Densification and deformation studies on powder metallurgy Al–TiO2–Gr composite during cold upsetting | |
| Yamabe et al. | Tribological property of α-pure titanium strengthened by nitrogen solid-solution | |
| Suiyuan et al. | Synthesis of new Cu-based self-lubricating composites with great mechanical properties | |
| Arulmani et al. | Hot powder forging behavior analysis of sintered AISI 8740 PM steels for automotive application | |
| CN1296466C (en) | Solid lubricant for inlaid bearing sleeve on hydraulic generator and method for preparing method | |
| CN1609256A (en) | Powder metallurgy steel rolling guide roll and producing method thereof | |
| Türk et al. | The effect of Cu and Al on the mechanical properties of gravity-cast hyper-eutectic Zn–Al-based alloys | |
| CN106939381A (en) | A kind of copper silver-based self-lubricating composite and preparation method thereof | |
| Wang et al. | Friction and wear characteristics of containing a certain amount of graphene oxide (GO) for hot-pressing sintered NiCr-WC-Al2O3 composites at different temperatures | |
| Feng et al. | Effect of powder particle size on microstructure and properties of low pressure cold sprayed high aluminium bronze coating | |
| Aslantaş et al. | Austempering retards pitting failure in ductile iron spur gears | |
| CN106493353A (en) | A kind of copper silver-based self-lubricating composite and preparation method thereof | |
| Keerthivasan et al. | Effect of recycled TiC addition in the compaction and sintering behavior of Al-Mg-Cu-Zn+ r-TiC powder metallurgy composites | |
| Shalunov et al. | Heat-and wear-resistant composite material based on copper powder for heavy duty friction pairs |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |