CN1397665A - Process for preparing electrically insualting metal substrate with excellent resistance to heat shock - Google Patents
Process for preparing electrically insualting metal substrate with excellent resistance to heat shock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1397665A CN1397665A CN 02123427 CN02123427A CN1397665A CN 1397665 A CN1397665 A CN 1397665A CN 02123427 CN02123427 CN 02123427 CN 02123427 A CN02123427 A CN 02123427A CN 1397665 A CN1397665 A CN 1397665A
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- metal substrate
- aluminium sheet
- electrolytic solution
- follows
- insulation layer
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001398 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012536 packaging technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAHIZHJHSUSESF-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloryl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCl(=O)(=O)=O NAHIZHJHSUSESF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insulated Metal Substrates For Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
An insulative metal substrate with excellent heat shock resistance is prepared from Al sheet through washing in alkali solution, electrolytic polishing, anodizing to prepare insulative layer, baking, depositing copper layer by sputter, evaporation, or chemical plating, and electroplating to increase the thickness of Cu layer to 10-35 microns. Its advantages are high resistance to heat shock, high insulative resistivity greater than 10 to the power 13 ohm.cm, and high breakdown voltage (1000 v).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method, belong to the microelectronic packaging technology field with insulating metal substrate of good thermal shock resistance.
Background technology
The heat radiation of power device is the problem that Electronic Packaging is already paid close attention to always.Insulating metal substrate (IMS) also has advantage cheaply in high efficiency raising package module heat-sinking capability.The notable feature of traditional insulating metal substrate is: adhere to one deck Resins, epoxy on the surface of aluminum plate of anodic oxidation treatment, as the insulation layer between aluminium substrate and the copper wiring layer.For improving the thermal conductivity of insulation layer, generally added mineral filler in the epoxy resin layer.Simultaneously, the scientific research personnel has also proposed the notion of " ideal " insulating metal substrate, promptly directly makes the metal substrate of insulation layer with the anodizing of aluminium film, can improve the radiating efficiency of substrate so significantly.
Yet comprise the Reflow Soldering operation in a lot of packaging procesies, Reflow Soldering is generally finished about 250 ℃.Reflux course is generally: package module is heated to about 250 ℃ and makes solder fusing, drops to room temperature after insulation for some time, and scolder solidifies and plays ligation.Because the thermal expansivity of aluminum anodized film is about 1/3rd of aluminium, so anode oxide film can be subjected to the tensile stress that aluminium substrate applies in temperature-rise period, when temperature reached more than 200 ℃, oxide film was very easy to ftracture under stress.The cracking of anode oxide film can reduce the insulating property of metal substrate insulation layer, may make the substrate metal wiring layer open circuit conditions occur simultaneously, thus the reliability of influence encapsulation.Just because of the anode oxide film cracking that is heated easily, limited of the application of " ideal " insulating metal substrate in encapsulation field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of preparation method with insulating metal substrate of good thermal shock resistance, the anode oxidation process of employing safety and environmental protection prepares the insulation layer of aluminum metal substrate, make the anodic oxidation insulation layer have good thermal shock resistance, thereby realize the widespread use of " ideal " insulating metal substrate.
The preparation method of the insulating metal substrate with good thermal shock resistance that the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
1, get the thick aluminium sheet of 0.5～3mm, require defectives such as the no slag inclusion in surface, cut, with the zone of oxidation and the greasy dirt of alkaline degreasing liquid removal surface of aluminum plate, the processing condition of alkaline degreasing are as follows:
NaOH: weight percent concentration is 5wt%
Temperature: 50 ℃
Time: 20 seconds～1 minute
Aluminium sheet is rinsed well with deionized water after alkali cleaning.
2, aluminium sheet is carried out electropolishing.Aluminium sheet is immersed in the electrolytic solution as anode, and as negative electrode, polishing technological conditions is as follows with stereotype or stainless steel plate:
Electrolytic solution is formed:
Perchloric acid 34.5%
Acetic anhydride 65.5%
Polishing current density: 2～5A/dm
2
Polishing time: 2～5 minutes
Attention: the use temperature of perchloric acid-acetic anhydride electrolytic solution will be strict controlled in below 30 ℃, otherwise the danger of blasting.
Behind the electropolishing aluminium sheet is rinsed well with deionized water.
3, prepare insulation layer with anode oxidation process in surface of aluminum plate.The anode oxidation process parameter is as follows:
The oxalic acid solution of electrolytic solution: 0.2～0.6mol/L is prepared with deionized water.
Current density: 10～25mA/cm
2, direct supply, current constant.
Anodizing time: 40～80 minutes
In anode oxidation process, control surface of aluminum plate temperature is between 25～40 ℃.Clean with deionized water after the anodic oxidation, dry up with cold wind, the final oxide thickness that generates is 20～35 μ m.
4, the above-mentioned aluminium sheet that has had insulation layer is dried in baking oven.Stoving process is as follows:
Dry more than 0.5 hour down at 80～100 ℃, slowly be warming up to 250 ℃ then, temperature rise rate is less than 3 ℃/min.Be incubated more than 0.5 hour down at 250 ℃.
Check the aluminium-base plate insulating layer surface with 100 power microscopes, if do not find crackle, then this aluminium base is salable product.
5, at first utilize technologies such as magnetron sputtering, evaporation, electroless plating in insulated Aluminium based plates surface deposition metal copper layer, make substrate become conductor, electroplate with the electroplating technology of industrial comparative maturity then, make copper layer thickness thicken 10～35 μ m.
The key of aforesaid method is electrolytic solution composition, electrolyte temperature and current density, and the baking operation after the anodic oxidation.The electropolishing effect of aluminium sheet also has considerable influence to the metal substrate thermal shock resistance in addition.Polishing effect is good more, makes the surface of aluminum plate roughness low more, and then the metal substrate thermal shock resistance is also just good more.
The preparation method of the insulating metal substrate with good thermal shock resistance that the present invention proposes makes insulation layer have good thermal shock resistance, and the anodic oxidation insulation layer can not ftracture in thermal shock experiment.Wherein the thermal shock experiment process of Cai Yonging is: from room temperature to 250 ℃, and thermal shocking 5 times; From room temperature to 300 ℃, twice of thermal shocking.The aluminum metal substrate of operational path preparation has good thermal shock resistance according to this.The insulating property of insulation layer already satisfy the encapsulation requirement, and wherein insulation resistivity is greater than 10
13Ω cm, voltage breakdown is greater than 1000V, and specific inductivity is about 7.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Adopt following anode oxidation process that the thick aluminium sheet of 1mm is carried out anodic oxidation:
1) alkaline degreasing is 30 seconds;
2) electrolytic current density is 3mA/cm
2, polished 3 minutes;
3) anodic oxidation, wherein processing condition are as follows:
Electrolytic solution is formed: concentration of oxalic acid: 0.2mol/L
Current density: 20mA/cm
2, direct supply, current constant.
Anodizing time: 60 minutes
Control surface of aluminum plate temperature is 32 ℃ in the anode oxidation process
4) the aluminum metal substrate after the anodic oxidation was dried 2 hours down at 80 ℃ after cleaning, cold wind dry up, and slowly was warming up to 250 ℃ then, and temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min.Be incubated 0.5 hour down at 250 ℃.
The anodic oxidation insulation layer of this metallic substrate surfaces does not ftracture in 300 ℃ of thermal shock experiments.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt following anode oxidation process that the thick aluminium sheet of 3mm is carried out anodic oxidation:
1) alkaline degreasing is 1 minute;
2) electrolytic current density is 2mA/cm
2, polished 5 minutes;
3) anodic oxidation, wherein processing condition are as follows:
Electrolytic solution is formed: oxalic acid: 0.6mol/L
Current density: 10mA/cm
2, direct supply, current constant.
Anodizing time: 80 minutes
Control surface of aluminum plate temperature is 25 ℃ in the anode oxidation process
4) the aluminum metal substrate after the anodic oxidation was dried 1 hour down at 90 ℃ after cleaning, cold wind dry up, and slowly was warming up to 250 ℃ then, and temperature rise rate is 3 ℃/min.Be incubated 1 hour down at 250 ℃.
The anodic oxidation insulation layer of this metallic substrate surfaces does not ftracture in 300 ℃ of thermal shock experiments.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt following anode oxidation process that the thick aluminium sheet of 0.5mm is carried out anodic oxidation:
1) alkaline degreasing is 20 seconds;
2) electrolytic current density is 4mA/cm
2, polished 2 minutes;
3) anodic oxidation, wherein processing condition are as follows:
Electrolytic solution is formed: oxalic acid: 0.2mol/L
Current density: 20mA/cm
2, direct supply, current constant.
Anodizing time: 60 minutes
Control surface of aluminum plate temperature is 40 ℃ in the anode oxidation process
4) the aluminum metal substrate after the anodic oxidation was dried 0.5 hour down at 100 ℃ after cleaning, cold wind dry up, and slowly was warming up to 250 ℃ then, and temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min.Be incubated 0.5 hour down at 250 ℃.
The anodic oxidation insulation layer of this metallic substrate surfaces does not ftracture in 300 ℃ of thermal shock experiments.
Embodiment 4:
Adopt following anode oxidation process that the thick aluminium sheet of 1mm is carried out anodic oxidation:
1) alkaline degreasing is 20 seconds;
2) electrolytic current density is 2mA/cm
2, polished 5 minutes;
3) anodic oxidation, wherein processing condition are as follows:
Electrolytic solution is formed: oxalic acid: 0.4mol/L
Current density: 15mA/cm
2, direct supply, current constant.
Anodizing time: 40 minutes
Control surface of aluminum plate temperature is 30 ℃ in the anode oxidation process
4) the aluminum metal substrate after the anodic oxidation was dried 0.5 hour down at 90 ℃ after cleaning, cold wind dry up, and slowly was warming up to 250 ℃ then, and temperature rise rate is 1 ℃/min.Be incubated 0.5 hour down at 250 ℃.
The anodic oxidation insulation layer of this metallic substrate surfaces does not ftracture in 300 ℃ of thermal shock experiments.
Embodiment 5:
Adopt following anode oxidation process that the thick aluminium sheet of 3mm is carried out anodic oxidation:
1) alkaline degreasing is 40 seconds;
2) electrolytic current density is 3mA/cm
2, polished 3 minutes;
3) anodic oxidation, wherein processing condition are as follows:
Electrolytic solution is formed: oxalic acid: 0.4mol/L
Current density: 25mA/cm
2, direct supply, current constant.
Anodizing time: 50 minutes
Control surface of aluminum plate temperature is 35 ℃ in the anode oxidation process
4) the aluminum metal substrate after the anodic oxidation was dried 0.5 hour down at 90 ℃ after cleaning, cold wind dry up, and slowly was warming up to 250 ℃ then, and temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min.Be incubated 1 hour down at 250 ℃.
The anodic oxidation insulation layer of this metallic substrate surfaces does not ftracture in 300 ℃ of thermal shock experiments.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of preparation method with insulating metal substrate of good thermal shock resistance is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) gets the thick aluminium sheet of 0.5～3mm, it is shown into alkaline degreasing liquid;
(2) aluminium sheet is carried out electropolishing, aluminium sheet is immersed in the electrolytic solution as anode, as negative electrode, polishing technological conditions is as follows with stereotype or stainless steel plate:
Electrolytic solution is formed:
Perchloric acid 34.5%
Acetic anhydride 65.5%
Polishing current density: 2～5A/dm
2
Polishing time: 2～5 minutes
Electrolysis temperature is lower than 30 ℃;
(3) prepare insulation layer with anode oxidation process in surface of aluminum plate, the anode oxidation process parameter is as follows:
Electrolytic solution: concentration is the oxalic acid solution of 0.2～0.6mol/L, with the deionized water preparation,
Current density: 10～25mA/cm
2,
Anodizing time: 40～80 minutes,
25～40 ℃ of electrolysis temperatures, the final oxide thickness that generates is 20～35 μ m;
(4) the above-mentioned aluminium sheet that has had insulation layer is dried in baking oven, stoving process is as follows:
Drying by the fire under 80～100 ℃ in more than 0.5 hour, slowly be warming up to 250 ℃ then, temperature rise rate is incubated more than 0.5 hour less than 3 ℃/min down at 250 ℃;
(5) at first in insulated Aluminium based plates surface deposition metal copper layer, show at it then and electroplate, make copper layer thickness thicken 10～35 μ m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02123427 CN1233873C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Process for preparing electrically insualting metal substrate with excellent resistance to heat shock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02123427 CN1233873C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Process for preparing electrically insualting metal substrate with excellent resistance to heat shock |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1397665A true CN1397665A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
| CN1233873C CN1233873C (en) | 2005-12-28 |
Family
ID=4745127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02123427 Expired - Fee Related CN1233873C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | Process for preparing electrically insualting metal substrate with excellent resistance to heat shock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1233873C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102045951A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-05-04 | 上海申和热磁电子有限公司 | Metal surface plated nickel/gold treatment method of ceramic metalized substrate and manufactured ceramic metalized substrate |
| CN102159024A (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2011-08-17 | 任正义 | Aluminum base printed circuit board and preparation method thereof |
| CN101117726B (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2012-03-07 | 国家纳米技术与工程研究院 | Composite nano hole mask plate based on aluminium anodized film and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102864479A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 湖北大学 | Low-energy method for preparing high-insulativity anodised aluminium film by using two-step method |
| CN104562052A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 广东工业大学 | Method for preparing ordered micropore structure on stainless steel surface |
| CN105463535A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州市金星工艺镀饰有限公司 | Electroplating method of cyanide-free copper-zinc electroplating solution containing ionic liquid |
| CN105483778A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州市金星工艺镀饰有限公司 | Cyanide-free copper zinc electroplating solution containing ionic liquid |
| CN108728893A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-11-02 | 通用电气公司 | Electropolishing for brush carriage equipment and anodization process |
| CN112962130A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-15 | 兰州大学 | High-temperature-resistant insulating layer material on surface of aluminum winding and preparation method thereof |
-
2002
- 2002-06-28 CN CN 02123427 patent/CN1233873C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101117726B (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2012-03-07 | 国家纳米技术与工程研究院 | Composite nano hole mask plate based on aluminium anodized film and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102045951A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-05-04 | 上海申和热磁电子有限公司 | Metal surface plated nickel/gold treatment method of ceramic metalized substrate and manufactured ceramic metalized substrate |
| CN102159024A (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2011-08-17 | 任正义 | Aluminum base printed circuit board and preparation method thereof |
| CN102864479A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 湖北大学 | Low-energy method for preparing high-insulativity anodised aluminium film by using two-step method |
| CN102864479B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-04-22 | 湖北大学 | Low-energy method for preparing high-insulativity anodised aluminium film by using two-step method |
| CN104562052A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-29 | 广东工业大学 | Method for preparing ordered micropore structure on stainless steel surface |
| CN104562052B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-12-15 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of stainless steel surfaces ordered micro-cellular structure |
| CN105463535A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-06 | 苏州市金星工艺镀饰有限公司 | Electroplating method of cyanide-free copper-zinc electroplating solution containing ionic liquid |
| CN105483778A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州市金星工艺镀饰有限公司 | Cyanide-free copper zinc electroplating solution containing ionic liquid |
| CN108728893A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-11-02 | 通用电气公司 | Electropolishing for brush carriage equipment and anodization process |
| CN112962130A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-15 | 兰州大学 | High-temperature-resistant insulating layer material on surface of aluminum winding and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1233873C (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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Granted publication date: 20051228 |