CN1388105A

CN1388105A - Solar energy vacuum process of preparing absolute alcohol

Info

Publication number: CN1388105A
Application number: CN02137804A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许开天
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-06-20
Filing date: 2002-06-20
Publication date: 2003-01-01

Abstract

The present invention relates to chemical technological process and composite vapor and liquid heat transmitting and mass transferring equipment. The solar energy vacuum process of preparing absolute alcohol features that solar energy is used to heat water to 70-90 deg.c and further heat main material; that the pressure is reduced to lower the boiling point of alcohol to make it possible to utilize solar water heater; that the principle that alcohol in a distillation apparatus may change in its phase balance state is applied in destroying the azeotropic point to obtain absolute alcohol with 99.5% over purity; that the alcohol preparing equipment consists of three parts of solar energy system, vacuum system and refining system; and that the said process may be used in separation and preparation of other similar chemical matters.

Description

Solar energy vacuum process of preparing absolute alcohol

The present invention relates to a kind of solar energy vacuum process of preparing absolute alcohol, belong to chemical technique and compound chemical industry gas-liquid heat-transfer mass transfer apparatus.

At present, the known method of producing dehydrated alcohol has multiple, cut both ways, and wherein with regard to its rectification method that boils of ternary that adds dewatering agent benzene, though comparative maturity on the technology, and widely adopted and for being generally acknowledged the world.But the problem that is come out also is many in practice.One, one of benzene series carcinogenic substance, it is unfavorable that human body and environmental protection are: its two, the distillation unit needs be made of 2-3 tower and auxiliary facility, more complicated, investment and energy consumption are all bigger: its three, operate cumbersomely, be difficult for grasp; Its four, more or less residual in final finished have a benzene composition, not easily separated fully, so influence its purposes.And the most simple lime method, then yield is low, and final product quality is poor.

At above existing problem, the present invention proposes the method----solar energy vacuum process of preparing absolute alcohol of a up-to-date design, abbreviate " space method " as.Though heliotechnics and vacuum technique are routine techniques, both are made up dexterously, be applied to producing of dehydrated alcohol with the rectifier unit coupling again, this type of way may be for it unprecedented.So be guardian technique of the present invention and unique distinction.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

1. use for reference the principle of solar water heater, inexhaustible with the Nature, with not to the utmost and priceless sun power as the energy, heat water to 70-90 ℃, be the usefulness of the ethanol (alcohol) of 95% (V) for the common concentration of heating handled principal goods material----then, make it under the effect of heating power, produce explosive evaporatoin, enter rectifier unit and concentrate; And sharp exhausted hot water descends (50-60 ℃) to some extent than original hot water temperature, and the nationality pump makes it to backflow in the hot water tank then.Under the effect of sun power, heat up again, go round and begin again like this, move in endless cycles.Owing to implement " closed cycle ",, also can replenish some cold water in right amount in case of necessity so water consumption is few.This hot water also can partly be used for life, as have a bath etc., but must guarantee that to satisfy main purposes be prerequisite.Like this, apparatus for heating water by solar energy just serves many purposes, and is to kill two birds with one stone.

Relatively stable for the temperature that makes hot water, then dispose the computer temperature control instrument, optionally regulate.

For considering the usefulness of rainy weather or operation at night, this hot-water supply device then has electric heater unit, and the hot water tank of tool good thermal insulation property also can be set, to remedy the deficiency of natural condition variation.

Also available waste vapour, spent hot water's heating, it can be referred to as " indirect solar ".

2. utilization ethanol boiling point lowering principle under vacuum condition makes the corresponding decline of vaporization temperature of material to be processed, makes and utilizes solar water to be heated as possibility.When its vacuum pressure not simultaneously, its boiling point also changes thereupon, for example:

When 1) pneumatics power was 79.99KPa (0.021MPa) surely, boiling point was 72.6 ℃;

When 2) pneumatics power was 55.33KPa (0.0474MPa) surely, boiling point was 67.6 ℃;

When 3) pneumatics power was 26.66KPa (0.0737MPa) surely, boiling point was 48.1 ℃;

When 4) pneumatics power was 17.00KPa (0.083MPa) surely, boiling point was 39 ℃;

To this, the inventor has obtained further checking under experiment condition.

So when condition near 3) 4) time, the temperature difference of utilizing solar heat water entrance water can be for the usefulness of producing dehydrated alcohol as thermal source.

3. use the principle that ethanol can balance each other and change in the distillation contact device, destroy its its boiling point under certain condition.Under atmospheric pressure state, its azeotropic point is 78.15 ℃, and concentration is 95.57% (W °).Promptly adopt conventional distillatory method all can't obtain dehydrated alcohol forever.And when being under the vacuum state, its azeotropic point disappears at once, and concentration can increase the requirement to dehydrated alcohol, reaches more than 99.5% (V).

4. used water distilling apparatus, can (it has tubular type or jacketed type indirect heating apparatus by still kettle, hot water circulates therein heat is conducted to material), rectifying tower, partial condenser, condenser, finished product water cooler, finished product test tank, vacuum pump and instrument and compositions such as piping, pump class.On this basis, be equipped with above-mentioned solar energy equipment again, can constitute operational path and unit that complete " space method " produces dehydrated alcohol, see Fig. 1.The concrete size of this kind equipment, when can be according to different design of requirement of the quantum of output of the treatment capacity of material and finished product.Tower then can be selected another patent then of the inventor for use----" following current combined type plate type rectifying tower "----utility model patent number: ZL97235658.4.

Owing to adopt such scheme, the raw material that is used to produce dehydrated alcohol is ethyl alcoh(ol) or edible ethanol etc., rather than from the agricultural byproducts raw material, so saved operation stages such as raw material crushing in the conventional Alcohol Production process, boiling, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, when favourable to environmental protection, also can be without the boiler steam supply, so both frauds of smoke-less pollution atmosphere, smokeless again, oil, coal, poor, slag etc. pollute the evil of plant environment, can make factory become " smokelessly factory ", " civilized factory "; Meanwhile, chemical substances such as benzene are to the infringement of human body can to avoid carcinogenic substance----again.So social benefit is extremely tangible.

Adopt the facility investment of this law to economize more than 50% than benzene method, final product quality is excellent than benzene method also, and ton alcohol can be saved steam more than 2 tons, and power consumption is few again.

Adopt this law except can producing technical grade and fuel-grade dehydrated alcohol, if, also can produce the SILVER REAGENT dehydrated alcohol in conjunction with to the method for chemical treatment of material with to " dop, truncate, get in the middle of " method of finished product fraction.

This law also can be applicable to the separation of other close chemical substance of processing condition and produces, as vinyl acetic monomer etc.

This law is more suitable with long and strong area of sunshine duration especially.

Further specify embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: Fig. 1, the present invention's " space method " produce the operational path and the unit synoptic diagram of dehydrated alcohol.Fig. 2, tower structural representation of the present invention see " following current combined type plate type rectifying tower " (patent No.: ZL97235658.4) that the designer is permitted Kaitian's invention for details.In addition, also can use other novel chemical tower patented technology of Kaitian's invention perhaps, as " grid, sieve, the grid, sieve and long spraying hole combined type plate type rectifying tower " (patent No.: ZL99229394.4); " spraying attitude following current combined type plate type chemical tower " and " plate-type chemical tower with low-resistance high-speed fly valve " etc.

Claims

1. solar energy vacuum process (" space method ") is produced the operational path and the device thereof of raw spirit, is made up of solar energy system, vacuum system, distillation system three major parts respectively.

2. " space method " according to claim 1 produces raw spirit, it is characterized in that: solar energy heat distribution system system is formed by the apparatus for heating water by solar energy improvement, adds recycle pump and implement " closed cycle " heat supply on the hot water line.Also available waste vapour, spent hot water's heating, it can be referred to as " indirect solar ".

3. " space method " according to claim 1 produces raw spirit, and it is characterized in that: vacuum system can be selected the vacuum unit that is suitable for this law, and enforcement " total system vacuum " makes and reaches the required vacuum state of technology.

4. " space method " according to claim 1 produces raw spirit, it is characterized in that: distillation system is selected " the following current combined type plate type rectifying tower " that the Kaitian perhaps invents (patent No.: ZL97235658.4), " grid, sieve, grid, sieve and long spraying hole combined type plate type rectifying tower " (patent No.: ZL99229394.4), " spraying attitude following current combined type plate type chemical tower " and " plate-type chemical tower with low-resistance high-speed fly valve " etc. for use.