CN1385545A - Method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste catalyst in car tail gas - Google Patents

Method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste catalyst in car tail gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1385545A
CN1385545A CN02113059A CN02113059A CN1385545A CN 1385545 A CN1385545 A CN 1385545A CN 02113059 A CN02113059 A CN 02113059A CN 02113059 A CN02113059 A CN 02113059A CN 1385545 A CN1385545 A CN 1385545A
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palladium
rhodium
platinum
solution
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张方宇
曲志平
黄燕飞
莫修深
姚文学
廖秋玲
萨支琳
张帮安
王海翔
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for recovering metals of platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste catalyst of car tail gas. Said method includes the following steps: breaking waste catalyst, dissolving it in inorganic acid, ion exchange, ammonium reaction to separate platinum, complexing to extract palladium and substituting rhodium with copper powder. Said invented method ios simple in technological process, high in metal recovery, and the recovery rate of platinum of greater than 96%, recovery rate of palladium is greater than 97%, and recovering rate of rhodium is greater than 90%, their product purity is greater than or equal to 99.95%.

Description

From the vehicle exhaust spent catalyst, reclaim the method for platinum, palladium, rhodium
The present invention relates to the solid waste reutilization technology, particularly a kind of method that from the vehicle exhaust spent catalyst, reclaims metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium.
Main active substances platinum in the cleaning catalyst for tail gases of automobiles, palladium, rhodium metal are immersed in the aluminum oxide coating layer on support of the catalyst surface, reclaim platinum, palladium, rhodium metal and have bigger economic benefit from used waste vapour car catalyzer.Prior art mostly adopts chloroazotic acid (or hydrochloric acid+oxygenant) dissolving for the research of reclaiming platinum, palladium, rhodium metal from waste vapour car catalyzer, adopts traditional chemical precipitation to separate the method for purifying then.Its yield of purification is lower, technology is tediously long and the method for platinum, palladium, the chemical precipitation of rhodium usefulness is separated.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a flow process short, the novel method that metal recovery rate is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: put into by industrial sulphuric acid (H after will containing the spent catalyst fragmentation of metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium earlier 2SO 4), dissolving is leached in the water solvent formed of technical hydrochloric acid (HCl), tap water, the dissolving later stage adds oxygenant (oxymuriate, hypochlorite), metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium are immersed in the solution, through ion-exchange platinum, palladium are adsorbed onto on the resin again, rhodium is stayed in the exchange tail washings; Again with perchloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution drip washing resin, platinum, the synchronous desorb of palladium; Add solid ammonium chloride then in leacheate, make platinum be the ammonium chloroplatinate precipitation, the add-on of solid ammonium chloride is entirely suitable with the platinum precipitation, will contain palladium solution and add ammoniacal liquor complexing acidifying, and the ammoniacal liquor add-on is precipitated as suitable fully with palladium, and hydrazine hydrate reduction obtains palladium sponge; Add the copper powder displacement at last and reclaim rhodium in the exchange tail washings, the copper powder add-on is so that rhodium is precipitated as suitable fully.
The particle size after cracking of spent catalyst is the 1-3 millimeter in the aforesaid method, and the solvent that described dissolving step is used and the weight proportion of the spent catalyst after the fragmentation are: solvent: spent catalyst ratio=3.5-4.5: 1, and the initial acidity of solvent: HCl3-4mol/L, H 2SO 410-14mol/L; Dissolving initial reaction temperature 〉=100 ℃.The add-on of the oxygenant in dissolving later stage is the 10-20g/Kg spent catalyst.Described exchange resin is the resin of energy selective adsorption platinum, palladium complex anion.Describedly separate that to smoke eluent be 10-20% high chloro acid solution or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that technology is simple, metal recovery rate is high, the platinum rate of recovery>96% wherein, and palladium recovery rate>97%, the rhodium rate of recovery>90%, platinum, palladium, rhodium product purity are all 〉=99.95%.
The present invention is described in further detail and verifies its effect below by embodiment.
1, dissolving is the benchmark raw material with homemade spent catalyst.Dissolution process carries out processing parameter in 50 liters of lass lining electrically heated stills as follows: solid-to-liquid ratio=1: 4, solvent composition HCl 3-4mol/L, H 2SO 410-14mol/L; Sodium chlorate 300 grams (wiring solution-forming adding), initial reaction temperature is 110-120 ℃, reaction times 2h.The dilution of dissolving back is delivered then and is changed.The result is as follows in dissolving:
Test number Useless dosage Kg Useless dosage metal content Leach liquor volume L Leach liquor contains Pt Leach liquor contains Pd Leach liquor contains Rh
Pt% Pd% Rh% mg/L ??mg Leaching yield % mg/L ??mg Leaching yield % ??mg/L ??mg Leaching yield %
?01 ?25 ?0.185 ?0.447 ?138.2 ?32.8 ?4532.96 ?98.00 ?78.95 ?10910.89 ?97.64
?02 ?25 ?0.185 ?0.447 ?150.7 ?29.85 ?4498.40 ?97.26 ?71.94 ?10841.36 ?97.01
?03 ?25 ?0.184 ?1.23 ??0.083 ?157.0 ?28.83 ?4526.31 ?98.40 ?193.31 ?30349.67 ?98.70 ?12.90 ?2025.3 ?97.6
Annotate: experiment 01,02 is a binary catalyst, and 03 is three-way catalyst.2, exchange exchange resin R 410Be commercially available prod (Beijing nuclear process part chemical industry metallurgical research institute) that equipment is 3 of φ 100 * 100m/m ion exchange columns, exchange velocity 100ml/min, the result is as follows:
Test number Leach liquor volume L The leach liquor metal content The exchange tail washings contains Pt The exchange tail washings contains Pd The exchange tail washings contains Rh
????Pt ????Pd ????Rh ?Mg/ ?L ??mg Exchange rate % ??Mg/ ??L ?Mg Exchange rate % ??Mg/L Exchange rate %
Mg/L ??mg ?Mg/L ??mg ?Mg/L ??mg
??01 ?138.2 ?32.8 ?4532.96 ?78.95 ?10910.89 ?0.20 ?27.65 ?99.39 ?0.90 ?124.38 ?98.86
??02 ?150.7 ?29.85 ?4498.40 ?71.94 ?10841.36 ?0.17 ?25.64 ?99.43 ?0.85 ?129.01 ?98.81
??03 ?157.0 ?28.83 ?4526.31 ?193.31 ?30349.67 ?12.90 ?2025.3 ?0.23 ?36.21 ?99.20 ?1.10 ?172.99 ?99.43 ??12.90 ≈0
Add up to ?13557.67 ?52101.92 ?2025.3 ?89.50 ?426.38 ??2025.3
3, separate purification platinum, palladium loaded resin with the desorb of 10-20% perchloric acid, then stripping liquid is concentrated into platiniferous 20g/L, ammonification divides platinum, and solution is through the ammoniacal liquor complexing behind the branch platinum, and acidifying, hydrazine hydrate reduction get palladium sponge.The stripping liquid concentration process carries out in 5 liters of glass beakers, the calcination in retort furnace of Platinic chloride ammonia.The result is as follows for platinum, palladium separation purification:
Leacheate volume L Leacheate contains Pt Leacheate contains Pd Product P t Product P d
??g/L ????g Washout rate % ?g/L g Washout rate % ??g Rate of recovery % ??g Rate of recovery %
1.5 ?8.95 ?13.425 ?99.68 ?34.38 ?51.57 ?99.80 ?13.4 ?96.75 ?51.52 ?97.02
4, the recovery of rhodium exchange tail washings (〉=80 ℃) under heating condition adds copper powder, stirs displacement 1h.The rate of displacement of rhodium>95%.Rh, Pt, Pd content 10-40% in the replacement slag.The molten back of replacement slag acid exchanges once more with resin, and the exchange tail washings reclaims rhodium with traditional method, the yield of rhodium>90% again.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of method that from the vehicle exhaust spent catalyst, reclaims metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium.It is characterized in that carrying out successively as follows:
(1) will contain the spent catalyst fragmentation of metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium;
(2) spent catalyst after the fragmentation is put into solvent and dissolve, the dissolving later stage adds oxygenant, makes metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium immerse solution; The weight proportion of its solvent and spent catalyst is: 3.5-4.5: 1;
(3) through ion-exchange platinum, metallic palladium are adsorbed onto on the resin with anionite-exchange resin step (2) gained lysate, rhodium enters the exchange tail washings;
(4) with perchloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution drip washing resin, platinum, the synchronous desorb of palladium;
(5) add solid ammonium chloride in leacheate, make platinum be the ammonium chloroplatinate precipitation, palladium still stays in the solution;
(6) will contain that palladium solution adds ammoniacal liquor complexing acidifying, hydrazine hydrate reduction gets palladium sponge;
(7) in the exchange tail washings, add copper powder displacement rhodium.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step (1) is the 1-3 millimeter with the granularity of spent catalyst fragmentation.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described solvent of step (2) is by industrial sulphuric acid (H 2SO 4), technical hydrochloric acid (HCl) and tap water form, initial acidity is HCl3-4mol/L, H 2SO 410-14mol/L.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that dissolving initial reaction temperature 〉=100 ℃.
5, according to claim 1 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that the dissolving step later stage oxygenant of adding is oxymuriate or hypochlorite, its add-on is the 10-20g/Kg spent catalyst.
6, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the resin of the described anionite-exchange resin of step (3) for energy selective adsorption platinum, palladium complex anion.
7, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described concentration that smokes perchloric acid or sodium hydroxide eluent of separating of step (4) is the 10-20% aqueous solution.
8, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step (5) solid ammonium chloride add-on is entirely suitable with the platinum precipitation.
9, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step (6) contains palladium solution and adds ammoniacal liquor complexing after-filtration, uses hcl acidifying again, and hydrazine hydrate reduction obtains palladium sponge; The ammoniacal liquor add-on can be precipitated as suitable with palladium fully.
10, method according to claim 1, rhodium-containing exchange tail washings precipitates rhodium with the copper powder displacement from solution, and the copper powder add-on is suitable for rhodium being precipitated be entirely from solution.
CN02113059A 2002-05-24 2002-05-24 Method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste catalyst in car tail gas Pending CN1385545A (en)

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100400684C (en) * 2006-05-19 2008-07-09 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A method for recovering precious metals from spent catalysts containing precious metals
CN100419101C (en) * 2003-10-14 2008-09-17 秦仁洙 Recovery of precious metals from waste catalysts
CN101036889B (en) * 2006-03-14 2010-08-04 上海耀华铂制品有限公司 Recycling method of catalyzer having platinum
CN101509077B (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 昆明贵金属研究所 Method for extracting platinum, palladium, rhodium from automotive catalyst of ore phase reconstruction
CN101519725B (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 昆明贵金属研究所 Method for extracting precious metal from auto-exhaust catalyst by hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy complex process
CN101376923B (en) * 2007-08-27 2010-12-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for recycling noble metal from spent catalyst
CN102766767A (en) * 2012-07-20 2012-11-07 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 Ion exchange recovery method for precious metal platinum in spent automobile exhaust catalyst
CN102906286A (en) * 2010-04-21 2013-01-30 上原春男 System and method for recycling rare metals
CN102925713A (en) * 2012-11-05 2013-02-13 中国海洋石油总公司 Method for recovering rhodium from rhodium-containing waste catalyst in hydroformylation through sulfur
CN103014353A (en) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-03 成都光明光电股份有限公司 Method for recovering noble metal platinum
CN103131857A (en) * 2011-11-29 2013-06-05 沈阳有色金属研究院 Method for purifying platinum group metal from waste three-way catalyst
CN103540760A (en) * 2013-09-26 2014-01-29 宁波大地化工环保有限公司 Method for recovering ruthenium from waste ruthenium hydroxide/kieselguhr catalyst
CN105256136A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-01-20 金川集团股份有限公司 Method of separating platinum group metals from platinum group metal feed liquid
CN105441680A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-03-30 金川集团股份有限公司 Method for selectively separating precious metal
CN105603206A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-05-25 贵研资源(易门)有限公司 Pretreatment method of plasma furnace aggregate before recycling noble metals
CN106521177A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-22 胡志 Separation method of platinum family metal
CN107326192A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-11-07 格林美股份有限公司 The method that rhodium is reclaimed from auto-exhaust catalyst
CN108251656A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 江西瑞林稀贵金属科技有限公司 The method for extracting gold, platinum and palladium in electronic waste copper anode mud
CN108774687A (en) * 2018-08-07 2018-11-09 陈子清 A method of recycling noble metal in catalyst using Magneto separate
CN108950232A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-12-07 北京科技大学 A method of the green reclaim palladium of waste material containing palladium
CN110016555A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-16 贵研资源(易门)有限公司 Precious metal separation method of purification in solution
CN110964910A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for recovering rhodium from rhodium catalyst waste liquid
CN112442600A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-05 中南大学 Method for recovering platinum group metal from waste three-way catalyst
CN113355530A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-07 徐州浩通新材料科技股份有限公司 Efficient resin separation method for platinum-palladium-rhodium mixture

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100419101C (en) * 2003-10-14 2008-09-17 秦仁洙 Recovery of precious metals from waste catalysts
CN101036889B (en) * 2006-03-14 2010-08-04 上海耀华铂制品有限公司 Recycling method of catalyzer having platinum
CN100400684C (en) * 2006-05-19 2008-07-09 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A method for recovering precious metals from spent catalysts containing precious metals
CN101376923B (en) * 2007-08-27 2010-12-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for recycling noble metal from spent catalyst
CN101509077B (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 昆明贵金属研究所 Method for extracting platinum, palladium, rhodium from automotive catalyst of ore phase reconstruction
CN101519725B (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 昆明贵金属研究所 Method for extracting precious metal from auto-exhaust catalyst by hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy complex process
CN102906286B (en) * 2010-04-21 2016-03-02 上原春男 Rare metal recovery method and device thereof
CN102906286A (en) * 2010-04-21 2013-01-30 上原春男 System and method for recycling rare metals
CN103131857A (en) * 2011-11-29 2013-06-05 沈阳有色金属研究院 Method for purifying platinum group metal from waste three-way catalyst
CN103131857B (en) * 2011-11-29 2014-12-10 沈阳有色金属研究院 Method for purifying platinum group metal from waste three-way catalyst
CN102766767A (en) * 2012-07-20 2012-11-07 佛山市邦普循环科技有限公司 Ion exchange recovery method for precious metal platinum in spent automobile exhaust catalyst
CN102925713A (en) * 2012-11-05 2013-02-13 中国海洋石油总公司 Method for recovering rhodium from rhodium-containing waste catalyst in hydroformylation through sulfur
CN103014353A (en) * 2013-01-11 2013-04-03 成都光明光电股份有限公司 Method for recovering noble metal platinum
CN103540760A (en) * 2013-09-26 2014-01-29 宁波大地化工环保有限公司 Method for recovering ruthenium from waste ruthenium hydroxide/kieselguhr catalyst
CN105256136A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-01-20 金川集团股份有限公司 Method of separating platinum group metals from platinum group metal feed liquid
CN105441680A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-03-30 金川集团股份有限公司 Method for selectively separating precious metal
CN105603206B (en) * 2016-01-12 2017-11-03 贵研资源(易门)有限公司 Plasma heating furnace enrichment material reclaims the preprocess method before noble metal
CN105603206A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-05-25 贵研资源(易门)有限公司 Pretreatment method of plasma furnace aggregate before recycling noble metals
CN106521177A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-22 胡志 Separation method of platinum family metal
CN108251656A (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-07-06 江西瑞林稀贵金属科技有限公司 The method for extracting gold, platinum and palladium in electronic waste copper anode mud
CN107326192A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-11-07 格林美股份有限公司 The method that rhodium is reclaimed from auto-exhaust catalyst
CN108950232A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-12-07 北京科技大学 A method of the green reclaim palladium of waste material containing palladium
CN108774687A (en) * 2018-08-07 2018-11-09 陈子清 A method of recycling noble metal in catalyst using Magneto separate
CN110964910A (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for recovering rhodium from rhodium catalyst waste liquid
CN110964910B (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-05-11 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Method for recovering rhodium from rhodium catalyst waste liquid
CN110016555A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-16 贵研资源(易门)有限公司 Precious metal separation method of purification in solution
CN112442600A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-05 中南大学 Method for recovering platinum group metal from waste three-way catalyst
CN113355530A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-07 徐州浩通新材料科技股份有限公司 Efficient resin separation method for platinum-palladium-rhodium mixture

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