CN1385116A - Mould-proof freshness-retaining agent for foods - Google Patents
Mould-proof freshness-retaining agent for foods Download PDFInfo
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- CN1385116A CN1385116A CN 01112890 CN01112890A CN1385116A CN 1385116 A CN1385116 A CN 1385116A CN 01112890 CN01112890 CN 01112890 CN 01112890 A CN01112890 A CN 01112890A CN 1385116 A CN1385116 A CN 1385116A
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Abstract
The mildow-proof fresh-keeping agent for food contains (A) iron powder; (B). carrier selected from kieselguhr diatomite and active carbon; (C). alkali metal carbonate hydrate selected from; Na2CO3.10H2O, Na2CO3.H2O and K2CO3.1.5H2O or their mixture; and (D). salt selected from NaCl, KCl and MgCl2 or their mixture, and the weight ratio of components of A:B:C:D is 1:0.5-1.5:0.04-1.5:0.4-1.5. Said invention also its correspondent mildew-proof fresh-keeping method. It possesses good effect and its cost is low.
Description
The invention belongs to the fresh-keeping field of food mould-proof, more specifically, the present invention relates to prevent to go mouldy, keep the bagged grain anti-mould fresh keeping agent and the anti-mildew fresh-keeping method of taste fresh.
The anti-mildew fresh-keeping of grain and other food is one of problem demanding prompt solution in the world always.According to civilian statistics, the whole world has 2% cereal every year on average and can not eat owing to go mouldy, not only bring about great losses economically, the grain that goes mouldy can also cause extrinsic allergic alveolitis, mycetogenetic toxin can cause the person poultry poisoning, some toxin even can make animal used as test carcinogenic (Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica " common and commonly used fungi " writes group.Common and commonly used fungi, Beijing Science Press, 1978).The domestic report that has the suburb of Shanghai peasant to cause a disease because of the edible cereal that mildews; There is the edible report (Raper that pollutes the winter wheat generation alimentary toxic aleukia of fusarium toxin and cause large quantities of death in the former Soviet Union, K.B.and Fennell, K.I.The Genus Aspergillus.Baltimore:The Williams and WilkinsCompany, 1965) can cause liver poisoning (Raper after the rice that the edible Penicillium notatum of Japan's report pollutes, K.B.and Thom, C.A Manual of the Penicillia.Baltimore:The Williams and WilkinsCompany, 1949), aflatoxin etc. have carcinogenesis, the islanditoxin that Penicillium islandicum produces, luteoskyrin, cyclochlorotines etc. are hepatotoxin, the mycotoxin of other grains that go mouldy is to liver, kidney, central nervous system, hemopoietic systems etc. can cause serious harm, Pichia pastoris can cause rice xanthochromia (Yin Weishen, cereal microorganism is learned, Henan science tech publishing house, 1983).Army's grain goes mouldy and China naval especially of causing a disease presses for the problem of solution in carrying out new period strategic task.When execution new period strategic task, naval ship army need be on duty at off-lying sea, and the commissariat cycle maintained more than 2-3 month, and army stationed on the island maintains more than half a year in the commissariat cycle.Naval vessels, the residing environment temperature height of insular force, high humidity, the grain of storage very easily go mouldy and produce poison.
Meet return of Hong kong period in April, 1997, on missile destroyer of at sea executing the task of South China Sea Fleet, the rice that goes mouldy has caused 22 people's explosive extrinsic allergic alveolitis, and ill officers and men have lost fighting capacity, and this warship is had to finish in advance marine task on duty and maked a return voyage.The officers and men that small island is garrisoned at the South Sea are also reflected, 2 weeks after the supply, grain just begins to occur more significantly going mouldy, caking goes mouldy when serious, because supply is longer blanking time, officers and men stationed on the island can only eat the grain that goes mouldy in the most of the time, thereby bring for the officers and men's of army health and fighting capacity to seriously influence.
The go mouldy pathogenic existing emergentness of grain has chronicity and disguise again.Therefore, naval vessels, insular force's grain go mouldy causing a disease of the investigation and the prevention of situation, the grain that goes mouldy and treatment thereof, to safeguarding numerous officers and men's health, guarantee the fighting capacity of army, ensure that from military medicine and preventive medicine the enforcement of army's new period strategic task all is of great importance.
Conventional at present anti-mildew fresh-keeping technology comprises:
(1) conventional packing (snakeskin bag, gunnysack).Its shortcoming is can not moistureproof, mildew-resistant, big Miyi ageing, the easy variation of taste.
(2) vacuum packaging.Its shortcoming is that anti-mold effect is relatively poor, big Miyi ageing.
(3) radiation packing.Its shortcoming is the conditional request height, and peculiar smell is arranged after the radiation, and the masses eat misgivings.
(4) fill nitrogen, filling CO 2 packing.Its shortcoming is that effect is relatively poor, the cost height.
(5) sulfur-bearing deoxidier.Its shortcoming is a meeting effusion sulfur dioxide smell, should not be used for food preservation, and mouthfeel is relatively poor.
United States Patent (USP) 5108649 (on November 8th, 1989) discloses a kind of drier prescription, and deoxidant comprises in this prescription:
A) contain a kind of in chlorate, chlorite and the hypochlorite at least;
B) iron powder;
C) contain following a kind of oxide at least: di-iron trioxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconia, germanium oxide, cupric oxide, silver oxide, manganese oxide;
The weight ratio of A, B, three kinds of compositions of C is 1～50: 100: 1～90.And, necessary mixing before A, B, three kinds of components of C are used.In addition, calcium hypochlorite also can be used as unique component of A.Yet this drier is not suitable for China's moist weather in south yet.
But still unselfish army reaches outer warship at present, insular force's grain goes mouldy and the data of the situation of causing a disease, and does not more have the effective ways of naval vessels, insular force's grain anti-mildew fresh-keeping.Therefore, studying efficient, easy, cheap grain anti-mildew fresh-keeping method, is the important topic that presses for solution in logistics support and the health support.
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of efficient, easy, cheap grain anti-mildew fresh-keeping method, and corresponding anti-mould fresh keeping agent.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of food mould-proof preserving agent is provided, it comprises following component:
(A) iron powder;
(B) be selected from down the carrier of organizing: diatomite, active carbon, or its mixture;
(C) be selected from down the alkali carbonate hydrate of organizing; Na
2CO
310H
2O, Na
2CO
3H
2O, K
2CO
31.5H
2O, or its mixture;
(D) be selected from down the salt of organizing: NaCl, KCl, MgCl
2, or its mixture;
And the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.4-1.5: 0.4-1.5.
In a preference, described alkali carbonate hydrate is Na
2CO
310H
2O.
In another preference, component D is NaCl.
In another preference, component B is a diatomite.
In another aspect of this invention, provide a kind of anti-mildew fresh-keeping method of food, it comprises step;
Food placed pack, and in described packing, places the anti-mould fresh keeping agent that constitutes by following component:
(A) iron powder;
(B) be selected from down the carrier of organizing: diatomite, active carbon, or its mixture;
(C) be selected from down the alkali carbonate hydrate of organizing; Na
2CO
310H
2O, Na
2CO
3H
2O, K
2CO
31.5H
2O, or its mixture;
(D) be selected from down the salt of organizing: NaCl, KCl, MgCl
2, or its mixture;
And the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.4-1.5: 0.4-1.5.
Preferably, described anti-mould fresh keeping agent with treat that the weight ratio of anti-mildew fresh-keeping food is 5-50: 1000.
What the inventor carried out studies show that, microbial reproduction in the food, Oxidation of Fat and Oils, grain breathe vigorous be cause food discoloration, go mouldy, taste becomes bad or is subjected to the basic reason of insect pest etc., oxygen is its necessary factor (Zhang Jizhong etc., grain storage, 1981, (5): 33～38. Qi Ke dutys etc., grain storage, 1983, (4): 11～17).But vacuum or gas flush packaging cost are high and packing in oxygen is residual etc. still makes food be difficult for hiding for a long time; The sulfur-bearing deoxidier sulfur dioxide smell of can overflowing should not be used for food preservation; Additive is preserved food and is had safety issue.For this reason, the inventor's especial manufacture iron series deoxidizers (antistaling agent of the Long March) and oxygen barrier packaging bag, fresh cake and rice etc. are carried out anti-mildew fresh-keeping test, the result shows to have good anti-mildew fresh-keeping effect.
The inventor shows the investigation of flora situation, South Sea naval vessels, insular force's environment of living in are special, in the grain except China main mould rotten bacterial classification such as aspergillus flavus in south, aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Penicillium citrinum, Rhizopus oryzae is outside the bread mold, rice sample also contains more Penicillium islandicum, Paecilomyces varioti and Pichia pastoris, mainly contain the Aspergillus glaucus group in the flour sample, except that containing moulds such as Penicillium islandicum, also have the fig aspergillus of domestic first report in the shelled peanut sample.Food mould-proof preserving agent of the present invention is to described flora, all have good inhibition growth about.
Anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention, contain following component:
(A) iron powder;
The effect of reduced iron powder mainly be with rice in moisture produce reaction, absorb oxygen simultaneously.
(B) be selected from down the carrier of organizing: diatomite, active carbon;
The effect of component B mainly is as a kind of inert media effective contact area of iron powder and alkali carbonate hydrate to be reduced, in order to avoid reaction is too fierce.。
(C) be selected from down the alkali carbonate hydrate of organizing: Na
2CO
310H
2O, Na
2CO
3H
2O, K
2CO
31.5H
2O, or its mixture.
The effect of alkali carbonate hydrate is the reaction that promotes iron powder and water, and the reaction of iron powder and oxygen.Preferred alkali carbonate hydrate is Na
2CO
310H
2O.
(D) be selected from down the salt of organizing: NaCl, KCl, MgCl
2, or its mixture;
The effect of component D also is as assistant, promotes the reaction of iron powder and water, and the reaction of iron powder and oxygen.
Generally speaking, reduced iron powder is under the acting in conjunction of above-mentioned other assistants, and the moisture generation reaction with in the rice absorbs oxygen simultaneously, so can keep not having oxygen in 1 year in the sealing oxygen barrier rice bag.
In anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention, the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is generally 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.4-1.5: 0.4-1.5.
Particularly, in anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention, the weight ratio of component A and component C is generally 1: 0.4-1.5 preferably is 1: 0.8-1.2 more preferably is 1: 0.9-1.1.
At anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention, the weight ratio of component A and component D is 1: 0.4-1.5; Preferably be 1: 0.7-1.3 preferably is 1: 0.8-1.2.
At anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention, the content of component B is not particularly limited.Usually, the weight ratio of component A and component D is 1: 0.1-10 preferably is 1: 0.2-5 more preferably is 1: 0.5-1.5.
In a preference,, the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is decided to be 1: 1: 1: 1 for the ease of preparation.
At preparation anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention, after above-mentioned each component can being mixed, be encapsulated in the ventilative packing and get final product.Preferably, before mixing, afterwards or when mixing, each component or mixture are carried out to a certain degree grinding.
Except 4 kinds of main components such as component A-D, anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention also can use with other mould inhibitors, drier etc.
The example of suitable mould inhibitor comprises (but being not limited to): benzoic acid and sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and sylvite thereof, dehydroacetic acid, prokeyvit and K4, and composition thereof.
Suitable drier example comprises (but being not limited to): calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and composition thereof etc.
The advantage of anti-mould fresh keeping agent of the present invention is:
(1) anti-mildew fresh-keeping is effective, still makes rice keep good taste more than 1 year, there is no fungi growth;
(2) low price, required cost is low;
(3) packing is easy.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.In an embodiment, unless stated otherwise, all percentage and umbers are calculated by weight.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of anti-mould fresh keeping agent A
Respectively take by weighing 1000 gram reduced iron powders, Na
2CO
310H
2O, diatomite, NaCl, in 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio mixing on grinder, bag shape (thickness 0.12mm, long 40cm, wide 25.5cm) the vacuum oxygen barrier that the nonwoven parcel of packing into (every bag 15g), per 20 bags adopt nylon/polyethylene laminated film to make packaged spare.
Perhaps anti-mould fresh keeping agent A is put into the sterilization filter paper bag, the 5g/ bag.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of anti-mould fresh keeping agent B-E
The according to the form below ratio takes by weighing reduced iron powder, Na
2CO
3.10H
2O, diatomite, NaCl, mixing on grinder, bag shape (thickness 0.12mm, long 40cm, wide 25.5cm) the vacuum oxygen barrier that the nonwoven parcel of packing into (every bag 15g), per 20 bags adopt nylon/polyethylene laminated film to make packages spare.
Perhaps each anti-mould fresh keeping agent is put into the sterilization filter paper bag, the 5g/ bag.
| Iron powder (gram) | Diatomite (gram) | Na 2CO 3·10H 2O (gram) | Sodium chloride (gram) | Remarks | |
| Anti-mould fresh keeping agent B | ????100 | ????50 | ????80 | ????70 | |
| Anti-mould fresh keeping agent C | ????100 | ????150 | ????120 | ????130 | |
| Anti-mould fresh keeping agent D | ????100 | ????140 | ????90 | ????80 | |
| Anti-mould fresh keeping agent E | ????100 | ????60 | ????110 | ????120 | |
| Anti-mould fresh keeping agent F | ????100 | ????50 | ????50 | ????50 | Long March II |
| Proportion | ????0.5-1.5 | ????0.8-1.2 | ????0.7-1.3 |
Embodiment 3
The cake mould proof test
A. the anti-mould fresh keeping agent F (Long March II) (5 gram/bag) of the anti-mould fresh keeping agent A of reagent: embodiment 1 (No. one, the Long March) (5 gram/bag) and embodiment 2.Drier is 1: 1 commercially available anhydrous CaCl
2Mixture with active carbon.
B. fungi strain: army's isolated strains (the Mycology Lab preservation of Long March hospital) aspergillus flavus 1 strain in the grain of going mouldy, Penicillium islandicum 1 strain, 1 strain of radiation Mucor.Bacterial classification inoculation is standby on husky Bao Shi agar slant.
C. sample: came out of the stove fresh cake 75g/ the commercially available same day.
D. pack: 1 liter/of delicatessen food oxygen barrier freshness protection package capacity.
Preservation method behind the fresh-keeping and cake inoculated fungi of cake
Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium islandicum, radiation Mucor spore are diluted to 1 * 10 with sterile water for injection respectively
6CFU gets 0.03ml with dropper and is inoculated in the cake surface.The cake of three kinds of fungi inoculations and nonvaccinated cake are put into double-deck 1 liter of oxygen barrier freshness protection package with No. one, the above-mentioned Long March, Long March II, drier respectively, and sack is tightened, and establishes with antistaling agent blank seal group, and all samples is put into 27 ℃ of incubators.
Observational technique and fungi check
Observed in per two days, write down once, the back taking-up of 2 weeks is taken a picture, and does fungus microscope examination, cultivation.
The result
A. the cake outward appearance is observed
The table. cake with antistaling agent and inoculated fungi after fungi growth situation (the 7th, 11,15 day)
| Aspergillus flavus | Penicillium islandicum | The radiation Mucor | Not inoculation | |
| ??7 th??11 th??15 th | ??7 th??11 th??15 th | ???7 th???11 th????15 th | ??7 th????11 th???15 th | |
| No. one, the Long March | ??±?????????+??????+ | ??-?????-??????- | ???-??????-????????- | ??-???????-???????- |
| Long March II | ??±?????????+??????+ | ??-?????-??????- | ???-??????-????????- | ??-???????-???????- |
| Drier | ??-?????-??????- | ??-?????-??????- | ???-??????-????????- | ??-???????-???????- |
| The sealing contrast | ??+?????++?????+++ | ??+?????++?????+++ | ???+??????++???????+++ | ??+???????++??????+++ |
Annotate :+, ++, +++,-, ± represent that respectively a small amount of growth, growth, riotous growth, nothing are grown, suspicious growth.
The cake that anti-mould fresh keeping agent A (No. one, the Long March) and anti-mould fresh keeping agent F (Long March II) preserve in the time of the 7th day, the visible small pieces mildew in aspergillus flavus winding kind place, but no longer expansion in scope stuck-at-* 1cm when off-test; Penicillium islandicum group, Mucor group and sealing control group there is no growth in experimental period, the equal no change of all cake profiles, and quality is soft, has former savory.Though the cake of respectively organizing that drier is preserved does not have conk, during off-test, cake all becomes dry, and is frangible, and a little rancidity is arranged.Significantly mildew appearred in the cake that sealing contrast is preserved in the time of the 7th day, and spread day by day, and as seen all go mouldy on the cake surface during off-test, and the quality variable color that becomes sticky has heavier musty.
B. mycology detects
During off-test, all cakes (the aspergillus flavus group that comprises aspergillus flavus group, Penicillium islandicum group, radiation Mucor group and No. one, No. two antistaling agents preservations of the Long March that sealing is preserved) are all turned out former inoculated fungi bacterial classification.In the sealing contrast not inoculation group when off-test, cultivate aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium arranged.But the aspergillus flavus that No. one, No. two antistaling agents of the Long March are preserved is organized direct microscopy and is not looked into and see hypha,hyphae.
Embodiment 4
Rice anti-mildew fresh-keeping test (naval vessels, insular force are on probation on the spot)
In this embodiment, enclosed material is nylon/polyethylene laminated film, and thickness 0.12mm makes long 40cm, the bag of wide 25.5cm.Can pack the 2.5kg rice, be convenient to vacuumize.This type packaging bag is oxygen barrier fully, and intensity is higher, is enough to prevent that packaging bag from being punctured inefficacy by the grain of rice.When rice vacuum oxygen barrier is packed, adopt commercially available SL vacuum packaging machine (model 400-1) to vacuumize and use heat-sealing machine to pack.
Material
1. sample: 1998, special polished rice was produced in Changshu, Jiangsu, water content 15.2%, 1750 kilograms of quantity.
2. enclosed material and equipment:
A. rice packaging material: nylon/polyethylene laminated film, thickness 0.12mm makes long 40cm, and 600 in the bag of wide 25.5cm is standby.
B. vacuum packaging machine: SL vacuum packaging machine (model 400-1).
C. nitrogen: 99.99%
D. carbon dioxide: 99%
Packing method:
Totally 7 kinds, every kind 100 bag, the special polished rice 2.5Kg of every packing.
A. airtight: as rice to be packed in the above-mentioned bag, get final product with the heat-sealing machine sealing.
B. vacuum: rice is packed in the above-mentioned bag, be placed in the SL vacuum packaging machine, be evacuated to negative pressure 0.098Mpa.
C. inflated with nitrogen: rice is packed in the above-mentioned bag, be placed on and charge into nitrogen (detecting nitrogen 99.58%, oxygen 0.42%) automatically after being evacuated to negative pressure 0.098Mpa in the SL vacuum packaging machine
D. carbon dioxide: the same nitrogen of method, but charge into carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide 97% in the bag, oxygen 0.63%, nitrogen 2.37%)
E. antistaling agent: rice is packed in the above-mentioned bag, put into the anti-mould fresh keeping agent A (No. one, the Long March) of 3 parcels (every bag 15g) embodiment 1, can keep rice not have oxygen in bag interior a year.
F. irradiation: rice is packed in the above-mentioned bag with the heat-sealing machine sealing, serve extra large atom the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge and carry out gamma-ray irradiation.
G. contrast: rice is packed in the woven polyethylene bag, tighten pocket.
Site test:
A. place: select totally 7 units of Shang Chuandao of Guangdong Province and Xia Chuan island ship force and army stationed on the island, temperature is more than 20 ℃ throughout the year, and relative humidity is more than 60%～80%.3 units of naval vessels, 4 units of army stationed on the island (company), each 10 bag of rice (totally 60 bags) of above-mentioned 6 kinds of packings are placed in totally 7 testing sites, each testing site.Placement location is on the cook's store concrete floor of army stationed on the island (company), cabin under the deck of naval vessels, and 4 months summers (6～September), mean temperature was 35 ℃, humidity 90%.
B. sampling: in mid-November, 1999, each testing site was fetched the rice of various packings at random, transported Shanghai immediately back for detecting.
C. test period: on November 20,10 days～1999 March in 1999
Detection method
A. quality determination
1) moisture: adopt 105 ℃ of constant temperature methods of electric dry oven to measure.
2) fatty acid value: after using the benzene lixiviate, use the potassium hydroxide titration.
3) acidity: after using toluene, chloroformic solution lixiviate, use the potassium hydroxide titration.
4) viscosity: adopt the capillary motion viscosimetry.
5) AFB1: sample carries out thin-layer chromatography after extracting, and adopts ultraviolet light to detect.
6) organoleptic analysis: seal off the color that rice is identified in the back.
B. separation of fungi and evaluation
1) separation of outside fungi: adopt washing dilution method and natural planting method, culture medium is a potato dextrose agar.
2) separation of the inner fungi of the grain of rice: adopt the surface sterilization planting method, surface sterilization liquid is 1% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, and culture medium is a potato dextrose agar.
3) fungi is identified: culture medium is a czapek agar medium, and height oozes czapek agar medium and potato dextrose agar.
The result
A. the measurement result of rice quality:
1) change of moisture content
9 months rice of different location, distinct methods storage, change of moisture content sees Table 1.
Rice moisture (%) measurement result of table 1. different location, distinct methods storage
| The storage place | Original rice sample % | Inflated with nitrogen % | Oxygen scavenger % | Vacuumize % | Nature anoxic % | Woven polyethylene bag % |
| The A warship | ????15.5 | ????15.4 | ????15.3 | ????15.4 | ????14.4 | |
| The B warship | ????15.5 | ????15.7 | ????15.8 | ????15.8 | ????14.9 | |
| The C warship | ????15.5 | ????15.6 | ????15.4 | ????15.7 | ????14.0 | |
| D connects | ????15.5 | ????15.1 | ????15.3 | ????15.6 | ????15.2 | |
| The E station | ????15.5 | ????15.5 | ????15.6 | ????15.6 | ????15.2 | |
| F connects | ????15.5 | ????15.5 | ????15.1 | ????15.3 | ????14.4 | |
| The G storehouse | ????15.5 | ????15.5 | ????15.3 | ????15.5 | ????14.8 | |
| Increase and decrease (on average) | ????-0.03 | ????-0.1 | ????-0.1 | ????+0.08 | ????-0.8 |
Table 1 is the result show: rice is after distinct methods is stored 9 months, its water content all changes, wherein inflated with nitrogen group rice on average descends 0.03%, the oxygen scavenger group descends 0.1% with vacuumizing to organize, nature anoxic group increases by 0.08% (may be evaluated error), and result of the test shows, adopts seal-packed rice at naval vessels and island storage, its water content is not seen significant change, can keep mouthfeel preferably.Woven polyethylene bag group is owing to be in the non-tight state, and the rice water evaporates is more.
2) measurement result of fatty acid value:
Through the different location, 9 months rice of distinct methods storage, its fatty acid value measurement result sees Table 2.
Rice fatty acid value (mgKOH/100g) measurement result of table 2. different location, distinct methods storage
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | ????2.7 | ????9.8 | ????11.6 | ????14.6 | ????3.3 | |
| The B warship | ????2.7 | ????25.8 | ????13.9 | ????5.6 | ????5.0 | |
| The C warship | ????2.7 | ????10.1 | ????14.0 | ????3.0 | ????3.0 | |
| D connects | ????2.7 | ????11.7 | ????11.5 | ????3.8 | ????2.1 | |
| The E station | ????2.7 | ????11.0 | ????15.1 | ????11.6 | ????3.8 | |
| F connects | ????2.7 | ????15.1 | ????14.8 | ????22.2 | ????2.4 | |
| The G storehouse | ????2.7 | ????14.0 | ????11.8 | ????11.8 | ????3.3 | |
| Subtract (on average) | ????+11.23 | ????+10.54 | ????+14.3 | ????+5.55 | ????+0.57 |
The grain fatty acid value is to weigh grain quality to change one of sensitive indicators.This test rice aliphatic acid original value is 2.7mg/100g, and rice is after storing 9 months, and each test group aliphatic acid value added is 0.57～14.3mg.Wherein inflated with nitrogen group, oxygen scavenger group and the rice fatty acid value that vacuumizes the group preservation increase minimum, thereby be considered to rice quality the best of this method storage.It is generally acknowledged, fatty acid value changes with the degree relation of going mouldy very close, and the fatty acid value that slightly goes mouldy increases to some extent, mouldly changes to a certain degree that fatty acid value begins to descend, woven polyethylene bag group and natural anoxic group rice go mouldy seriously, and its fatty acid value increases the back and obviously descends.
3) acidity assaying result:
Through the different location, 9 months rice of distinct methods storage, its acidity assaying the results are shown in Table 3.
Rice acidity (KOHml/10g) measurement result of table 3. different location, distinct methods storage
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | ????0.2 | ??0.4 | ??0.2 | ????0.3 | ????1.0 | |
| The B warship | ????0.2 | ??0.4 | ??0.3 | ??0.4 | ????0.4 | |
| The C warship | ????0.2 | ??0.3 | ??0.3 | ????0.3 | ????0.3 | |
| D connects | ????0.2 | ??0.2 | ??0.3 | ????0.4 | ????0.3 | |
| The E station | ????0.2 | ??0.3 | ??0.4 | ????0.3 | ????0.3 | |
| F connects | ????0.2 | ??0.5 | ??0.2 | ??0.5 | ????0.3 | |
| The G storehouse | ????0.2 | ??0.3 | ??0.3 | ??0.2 | ????0.3 | |
| Increase and decrease (on average) | ??+0.14 | ??+0.09 | ??+0.15 | ????+0.13 | ????+0.21 |
Grain acidity also is one of index of weighing the grain quality variation.Usually to contain acidic materials less for the normal grain of quality, when take place grain go mouldy, when temperature is crossed high factor affecting, acidity increases, grain quality reduces.This test rice acidity original value is 0.2, and rice is after storing 9 months, and the rice acidity value of oxygen scavenger group only increases by 0.09, thereby is considered to this method storage rice quality the best.And the inflated with nitrogen group, vacuumizing group and the rice acidity value of natural anoxic group preservation increases by 0.14,0.15,0.13, woven polyethylene bag group rice acidity value increase in contrast is evident as 0.21.
4) measurement result of viscosity:
Through 9 months rice of different location distinct methods storage, its viscosimetric analysis the results are shown in Table 4.
Rice viscosity (cSt) measurement result of table 4. different location, distinct methods storage
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | ????8.5 | ????4.7 | ????3.5 | ????3.6 | ????3.5 | |
| The B warship | ????8.5 | ????5.2 | ????6.0 | ????5.0 | ????4.7 | |
| The C warship | ????8.5 | ????7.0 | ????5.1 | ????5.0 | ????3.6 | |
| D connects | ????8.5 | ????6.0 | ????5.4 | ????3.6 | ????4.5 | |
| The E station | ????8.5 | ????5.2 | ????4.0 | ????3.9 | ????5.5 | |
| F connects | ????8.5 | ????3.8 | ????5.4 | ????6.2 | ????3.5 | |
| The G storehouse | ????8.5 | ????7.0 | ????6.6 | ????6.0 | ????4.8 | |
| Increase and decrease (on average) | ????-2.9 | ????-3.4 | ????-2.4 | ????-4.5 | ????-4.2 |
Viscosity can be weighed the degree of grain reservation ageing, is the important indicator that the grain reservation quality changes.Usually along with the prolongation of storage time, the viscosity of rice can descend gradually, and inappropriate storage condition can quicken viscosity decline, causes grain quality to reduce.This test rice viscosity original value is 8.5, and rice the inflated with nitrogen group, vacuumizes group and the rice viscosity value of oxygen scavenger group descends 2.4,2.9 and 3.4 respectively after storing 9 months, thereby is considered to this method storage rice quality the best.And natural anoxic group and woven polyethylene bag group rice viscosity value descend obviously, are respectively 4.5 and 4.2.
5) AFB1 Determination on content result:
Original rice sample AFB1 content is less than 5 μ g/kg, and after storing 9 months, each test group rice AFB1 content is not seen significant change.
6) rice sense organ qualification result:
Through 9 months rice of different location distinct methods storage, its rice sense organ qualification result sees Table 5.
The rice sense organ measurement result of table 5. different location, distinct methods storage
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | Rice white has meter fragrance meal perfume (or spice) to chew strength | Slightly slightly alcohol flavor meal fragrance is poor slightly for gray | Rice white, fragrance slightly are worse than original rice sample, and meal perfume (or spice) is poor slightly | Rice omits slightly alcohol flavor of grey, fragrant poor, the weary strength of chewing of meal | Griege has alcohol, and meal has old flavor, the weary strength of chewing | |
| The B warship | The same | The same | The same | Rice white, fragrance slightly are worse than original rice sample, and meal perfume (or spice) is poor slightly | Griege has musty, and meal has musty, can not eat | |
| The C warship | The same | The same | The same | Rice omits slightly alcohol flavor of grey, and meal is fragrant poor, the weary strength of chewing | Griege has alcohol, and meal has old flavor, the weary strength of chewing | |
| D connects | The same | Rice white, fragrance slightly are worse than original rice sample, and meal perfume (or spice) is poor slightly | The same | The same | Griege, yellow have musty, the meal musty, can not eat | |
| The E station | The same | Slightly slightly alcohol flavor meal fragrance is poor slightly for gray | The same | The same | Griege has musty, and meal has musty, can not eat | |
| F connects | The same | Slightly slightly alcohol flavor meal fragrance is poor slightly for gray | The same | Rice is grey slightly, and fragrance slightly is worse than original rice sample, and meal perfume (or spice) is poor slightly | Griege has musty, and meal has musty, can not eat | |
| The G storehouse | The same | Slightly slightly alcohol flavor meal fragrance is poor slightly for gray | The same | The same | Griege has musty, and meal has musty, can not eat |
Adopt the rice of oxygen scavenger storage can keep original color, secondly be vacuumize, the inflated with nitrogen group, natural anoxic group is relatively poor, and the rice that the woven polyethylene bag is packed is the poorest.
B. the result of study of rice fungi quantity and bacterium phase
Adopt conventional cereal microorganism analytical method, quantity and the bacterium of fungi in each test group rice studied mutually, the results are shown in as follows:
1) quantitative analysis of storage rice fungi the results are shown in Table 6
The fungi quantity of table 6. different location, distinct methods storage (individual/gram)/advantage fungi result
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 2.5×10 2/ Aspergillus chevalieri | ＜10 | 9.5×10 2/ Aspergillus restrictus | 7.7×10 3/ Aspergillus restrictus | |
| The B warship | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 1.5 * 10/ rod aspergillus | 1.5 * 10/ mould | 4.3×10 3/ Aspergillus chevalieri | 4.9×10 4/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | |
| The C warship | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 4.2×10 2/ Aspergillus chevalieri | ＜10 | 2.6×10 3/ Aspergillus chevalieri, Amsterdam aspergillus, mould | 5.7×10 4/ mould, aspergillus flavus | |
| D connects | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 4.2×10 2/ Aspergillus chevalieri | ＜10 | 9.4×10 3/ Aspergillus chevalieri | 1.5×10 5/ mould, aspergillus albicans | |
| The E station | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 7.0 * 10/ Aspergillus chevalieri | ＜10 | 5.2×10 2/ excellent aspergillus | 4.2×10 5/ sclerotium aspergillus | |
| F connects | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 1.0×10 2/ Amsterdam aspergillus | ＜10 | 5.2×10 2/ Aspergillus chevalieri, Amsterdam aspergillus | 5.0×10 5/ Amsterdam aspergillus, mould | |
| The G storehouse | 2.3×10 2/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 2.5 * 10/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | 10/ mould | 4.0 * 10/ mould | 3.7×10 4/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould |
Content of molds how much be the important evidence of analyzing the grain quality quality.The result shows, adopt the anti-effect of going mouldy of rice of oxygen scavenger storage best, next is for inflated with nitrogen and vacuumize storage, the nature anoxic has significantly anti-mold effect than woven polyethylene bag packing, in addition, the rice content of molds of on the island, storing except that woven polyethylene bag packages groups generally be higher than on the naval vessels (because this packing non-tight, rice is subject to external environmental factor in the bag influences), all the other each test group do not see that notable difference is arranged.2). storage rice fungi bacterium phase result of study sees Table 7 and 8.
The rice of table 7. different location, distinct methods storage
The fungi bacterium phase (clump count/dominant bacteria) of non-sterile plantation
Table 8. different location, distinct methods storage through surface sterilization rice fungi quantity (individual/gram)/advantage fungi result
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 27/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | ????0 | 13/ thunder amber aspergillus, mould | 36/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | |
| The B warship | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 17/ rod aspergillus, Amsterdam aspergillus | 6/ Aspergillus terreus | 15/ Aspergillus chevalieri | 55/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | |
| The C warship | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 14/ Aspergillus chevalieri | ????2 | 66/ Aspergillus chevalieri, Amsterdam aspergillus, mould | 81/ mould, aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus | |
| D connects | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 41/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | ????0 | 68/ Aspergillus chevalieri, aspergillus albicans | 69/ mould, aspergillus albicans | |
| The E station | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 7/ mould | ????1 | 12/ Aspergillus chevalieri, aspergillus albicans | 119/ sclerotium aspergillus, Penicillium islandicum, mould | |
| F connects | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 10/ Amsterdam aspergillus | ????3 | 15/ Aspergillus chevalieri, Amsterdam aspergillus | 104/ Amsterdam aspergillus, mould | |
| The G storehouse | 47/ Pichia pastoris branch spore is mould | 12/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | ????4 | 20/ mould | 66/ Aspergillus chevalieri, mould | |
| On average | ??47 | ??18.3 | ????2.3 | ??16.7 | ?39.8 | ?75.7 |
| The storage place | Original rice sample | Inflated with nitrogen | Oxygen scavenger | Vacuumize | The nature anoxic | The woven polyethylene bag |
| The A warship | ??2 | ??2 | ????0 | ??1 | ?5 | |
| The B warship | ??2 | ??0 | ????0 | 3/ Aspergillus chevalieri | ?4 | |
| The C warship | ??2 | ??1 | ????3 | 18/ Amsterdam aspergillus, aspergillus albicans | 47/ mould, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus albicans | |
| D connects | ??2 | ??0 | ????0 | ??0 | 34/ mould, aspergillus albicans | |
| The E station | ??2 | ??2 | ????0 | ??0 | 54/ aspergillus albicans, Amsterdam aspergillus | |
| F connects | ??2 | ??0 | ????0 | ??1 | 60/ Amsterdam aspergillus, mould, Aspergillus chevalieri | |
| The G storehouse | ??2 | ??0 | ????0 | ??0 | 17/ aspergillus fumigatus, mould | |
| On average | ??2 | ??0.71 | ????0.43 | ??1.33 | ??4.8 | ?31.6 |
Table 7 is the result show, the main fungi of original rice sample is that Pichia pastoris and branch spore are mould.Above-mentioned rice is after different location, distinct methods are preserved 9 months, and the fungi bacterium also changes mutually thereupon.Wherein fungi is mainly mould, Aspergillus chevalieri and aspergillus albicans in the rice of woven polyethylene bag packing, is Amsterdam aspergillus, allusion quotation aspergillus and sclerotium aspergillus secondly; In the rice of nature anoxic is main fungi with Aspergillus chevalieri, aspergillus albicans, is Amsterdam aspergillus and mould secondly; Vacuumize and the rice in storage that fills oxygen is main fungi with Aspergillus chevalieri and mould; The oxygen scavenger rice in storage does not generally have conk, thereby shows that this method is a kind of rice mold-proof method best in this test.Result of study also shows, inflated with nitrogen, vacuumizes and has fungistatic effect preferably equally, and natural anoxic also has certain mildew-proof function, and it then is worthless adopting woven polyethylene bag packing storage rice.Table 7 is the result also show, except that woven polyethylene bag packing, and the fungi bacterium phase of each test grade rice and quantity equal no significant difference on different naval vessels and island.
Table 8 is the result show, through the rice that 1% clorox is handled, its grain of rice surface fungi easily kills mostly.The result is similar to table 7 for the inner fungi quantitative analysis of the grain of rice, and promptly the oxygen scavenger preservative has best anti-mold effect, and base is inflated with nitrogen, vacuumizes and the storage of natural anoxic, and woven polyethylene bag pack anti-mold effect is the poorest.
2. discuss
A. controlled atmosphere storage grain be by change and control storage grain around Atmospheric components, and then reach prevention and restriction storage grain fungi and insect growth, prevent that mycotoxin from producing and delaying the storage grain method of grain ageing.This problem has been carried out inflated with nitrogen, vacuumized and has used the research that oxygen scavenger series controlled atmosphere is store grain method at army's naval vessels and insular force first.The oxygen scavenger rice in storage that wherein adopts us to develop, not only cream-coloured maintenance white, fragrance approaches original rice sample, and general no conk on the rice, other index of quality (as fatty acid value, acidity and viscosity etc.) have also kept level preferably simultaneously, adopt this method storage rice, need not acquire some specialized apparatus, and easy and simple to handle, use flexibly.Oxygen scavenger also has advantages such as inexpensive, safe, nontoxic in addition.Therefore, this method is a kind of good method that is particularly suitable for naval vessels and insular force's storage grain, is worth promoting.
B. inflated with nitrogen and vacuumize storage grain result of the test and show, both also can play anti-mildew fresh-keeping effect preferably in the storage of rice, but above-mentioned two kinds of storage practices all need some special equipment, operation is relatively complicated, and storage effect is good not as good as oxygen scavenger, thereby we think that the three compares, and should adopt oxygen scavenger.
C. natural anoxic is to consume the airborne oxygen of rice bag according to the rice and the respiration of adhering to the microorganism on the rice, make in the rice bag and form hypoxia, suppress or delay fungus growth, postpone the time of the bad change of rice quality and a kind of storage grain method of designing thereby reach.Result of the test shows, this method rice in storage, and its fungi content is higher than oxygen scavenger, inflated with nitrogen and vacuumizes test group, and rice viscosity also has obvious reduction than above-mentioned each group, so use this method storage rice to it seems it is worthless.
D. the woven polyethylene bag is packed rice, after preserving 9 months, and its cream-coloured change ash, and musty is arranged mostly.In addition, indexs such as fatty acid value, acidity and viscosity all are worse than other test group, and fungi content is all apparently higher than other groups simultaneously, and therefore, we think that this method is not suitable for naval vessels and insular force's storage grain.
Embodiment 5
Rice mould proof test method
The insect protected test is to adopt multiple Chinese herbal medicine and synergist, process formulated anti-foodstuff pest and the experimental technique that goes mouldy through science, to foodstuff pest have ferocious avoid keep away and refuse the effect of laying eggs, and have action of contace poison concurrently, the main fungi that causes grain to go mouldy is had stronger inhibitory action.The said preparation free from extraneous odour, noresidue, safe and reliable, easy to use, nontoxic to people and animals, pollution-free to storings such as grains, be applicable to various grains such as rice, flour, beans.Spring damage by worms or go mouldy take place before, should bring into use this product.Grain to (spring and summer autumn) buys in damaging by worms and going mouldy incident season uses this product when buying.This product Kaifeng back term of validity 2～3 months, if unite use with antistaling agent of the present invention (as anti-mould fresh keeping agent A etc.), the term of validity was more than 1 year.
Remove outer packaging bag during use, with interior medicine bag be placed on grain reservation the surface or near, also can imbed 5～10 centimetres of grain depths, grain below 25 kilograms is put one bag of this product, more than 25 kilograms or each cubic metre space is put two bags.
All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned instruction content of the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Claims (9)
1. an anti-mould fresh keeping agent is characterized in that, it comprises following component:
(A) iron powder;
(B) be selected from down the carrier of organizing: diatomite, active carbon, or its mixture;
(C) be selected from down the alkali carbonate hydrate of organizing; Na
2CO
310H
2O, Na
2CO
3H
2O, K
2CO
31.5H
2O, or its mixture;
(D) be selected from down the salt of organizing: NaCl, KCl, MgCl
2, or its mixture;
And the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.4-1.5: 0.4-1.5.
2. anti-mould fresh keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described alkali carbonate hydrate is Na
2CO
310H
2O.
3. anti-mould fresh keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that component D is NaCl.
4. anti-mould fresh keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that component B is a diatomite.
5. anti-mould fresh keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the weight ratio of component A and component C is 1: 0.9-1.1.
6. anti-mould fresh keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the weight ratio of component A and component D is 1: 0.8-1.2.
7. anti-mould fresh keeping agent as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is 1: 1: 1: 1.
8. the anti-mildew fresh-keeping method of a food is characterized in that, it comprises step;
Food placed pack, and in described packing, places the anti-mould fresh keeping agent that constitutes by following component:
(A) iron powder;
(B) be selected from down the carrier of organizing: diatomite, active carbon, or its mixture;
(C) be selected from down the alkali carbonate hydrate of organizing; Na
2CO
310H
2O, Na
2CO
3H
2O, K
2CO
31.5H
2O, or its mixture;
(D) be selected from down the salt of organizing: NaCl, KCl, MgCl
2, or its mixture;
And the weight ratio of component A: B: C: D is 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.4-1.5: 0.4-1.5.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described anti-mould fresh keeping agent with treat that the weight ratio of anti-mildew fresh-keeping food is 5-50: 1000.
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| CNB011128909A CN1186996C (en) | 2001-05-16 | 2001-05-16 | Mould-proof freshness-retaining agent for foods |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011128909A CN1186996C (en) | 2001-05-16 | 2001-05-16 | Mould-proof freshness-retaining agent for foods |
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| CN1186996C CN1186996C (en) | 2005-02-02 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102342564A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-02-08 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-activity iron-based deoxidant |
| CN102805130A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-12-05 | 遵义师范学院 | High-moisture-content cake corrosion preventing and fresh keeping method |
| CN107873838A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-06 | 辽宁好立畜牧科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly novel grain mold proof agent |
| CN110915885A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-27 | 江西省农业科学院 | Chinese yam preservative, preparation method and Chinese yam room-temperature preservation method |
-
2001
- 2001-05-16 CN CNB011128909A patent/CN1186996C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102342564A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-02-08 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-activity iron-based deoxidant |
| CN102342564B (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-09-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-activity iron-based deoxidant |
| CN102805130A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-12-05 | 遵义师范学院 | High-moisture-content cake corrosion preventing and fresh keeping method |
| CN107873838A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-06 | 辽宁好立畜牧科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly novel grain mold proof agent |
| CN110915885A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-27 | 江西省农业科学院 | Chinese yam preservative, preparation method and Chinese yam room-temperature preservation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1186996C (en) | 2005-02-02 |
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