Two, background technology
Ethylene industry is the sign of petrochemical complex development, always is used as the developmental level of weighing a national petrochemical industry.Continuous development along with Computer Applied Technology and automatic control technology, the effect that program control system is important to the safe and highly efficient operation play more and more of ethylene producing device, people are satisfied to obtain economic benefit from the technological design and the production unit transformation of ethylene production merely, but integrated application chemical engineering, computer utility and automatic control technology, ethylene production is carried out computer control and Optimizing operation, give full play to the internal potential of equipment, obtain higher device economic benefit with less energy-consumption, low-cost consumption and high production.In ethylene production, pyrolyzer is the nucleus equipment of production equipment, whether its running status is good, not only influences the quality product and the output of whole ethylene producing device, but also will influence the quiet run of downstream production equipment (as production equipments such as polyethylene, polypropylene).
Cracking in the petrochemical complex be meant petroleum hydrocarbon (cracking stock) under secluding air and hot conditions molecule generation decomposition reaction and generate small-numerator olefin or (with) process of alkynes.Hydro carbons is cracking in tube cracking furnace, must follow side reactions such as the dehydrogenation of polymerization, aromatic hydrocarbons of small molecules unsaturated hydrocarbons and annelation, and reaction product progressively forms the coking layer in the accumulation of boiler tube inwall.On the one hand, the coking of inside pipe wall has increased the heat transfer resistance between furnace wall and the splitting gas, make raw material reach same cracking severity, must improve the temperature of furnace tube outer wall, and the material of boiler tube has been proposed harsh requirement.On the other hand, the coking layer reduces the boiler tube circulation area, and resistance to flow increases, and hydrocarbon partial pressure improves, and is unfavorable for the cracked selectivity.Because the restriction of above factor when coking develops into to a certain degree, must be carried out coke cleaning to boiler tube.Burn the length and the quality of burning quality in cycle, the performance of ethylene producing device throughput and the stability of production operation are had very important influence.
Coke cleaning can be divided into four kinds of modes such as steam-air (be commonly called as and burn), pure steam, waterpower and machinery.Wherein steam-air burns and can carry out under approximately identical with cracking operation heater outlet temperature, have scorching speed fast, easy to operate, be easy to the advantage controlled again.Adopt online empyreumatic obvious advantage to be: pyrolyzer does not have heating and cooling process, can realize on-stream decoking and prolong working life of boiler tube; Can adopt the computer on-line Control, the coke cleaning time can foreshorten to 2 days, has improved working rate, has increased ethene and steam production.Domestic all ethylene units all adopt distributed control system (DCS, Distributed Control Systems) that production process is monitored at present, and all parameters show, monitor, report to the police and control is all carried out in the DCS system.In order to give full play to the potentiality of DCS and operating equipment, effectively utilize the raw material and the energy, increase the economic benefit of device, technological operation characteristics in conjunction with the pyrolyzer coke-removing procedure, state-of-the-art technology in integrated application chemical engineering, computer utility and the control science automatically, in-line coke-removing procedure of cracking furnace is implemented computer program control, the pyrolyzer coke-removing procedure is carried out safely and smoothly, have extremely important practical value.
Three, summary of the invention
(1) goal of the invention: to shorten the pyrolyzer coke cleaning time, prolong the work-ing life of boiler tube, prolong the pyrolyzer normal cycle of operation of safety, reduce labor intensity of operating staff, the throughput that improves ethylene unit is target, and in-line coke-removing procedure of cracking furnace is implemented computer program control.
(2) summary of the invention: the object of the present invention is achieved like this: the controlled target of the online coke cleaning of pyrolyzer is that pyrolyzer stops the back under the condition that dilution steam generation possesses, by computer program to the control of climbing of coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity and coil outlet temperature, execute-in-place and input by operator are selected, and automatically realize the steady decoking of pyrolyzer.Behind the program start, comprise coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity, the coil outlet temperature in each step and the time and respectively go on foot the time length parameter and pack in the work internal memory of climbing accordingly, and each built-in variable and sign amount are carried out initialize.
The coke cleaning sequential logic comprises radiant coil coke cleaning and waste heat boiler coke cleaning two portions, after the radiant coil coke cleaning finishes, under Artificial Control, carries out the online coke cleaning order of waste heat boiler again.
To the coke cleaning stage of radiant coil, be divided into the 10-30 time period in step, each period is provided with the set(ting)value of slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity and coke cleaning steam flow controller, and the slope effect must be finished in the corresponding climbing time; After the timing register of finishing slope effect and writing down this time length in step stops, counter is added 1, proceed next step slope and control; To the coke cleaning stage of waste heat boiler, be divided into the 2-10 time period in step.
The major control variable of the online coke cleaning automatic control program of pyrolyzer is respectively to organize the coke cleaning steam flow of boiler tube, respectively organize the coke cleaning air flow quantity and the coil outlet temperature of boiler tube.Main regulated variable be pyrolyzer fuel gas pressure, respectively organize the output of coke cleaning steam flow controller of boiler tube and setting point, respectively organize the output and the setting point of the coke cleaning air flow controller of boiler tube.Operator's input variable is pyrolyzer feeding manner switch, coke cleaning steam flow permissible variation, coke cleaning air flow quantity permissible variation, coil outlet temperature bound, the quencher temperature out upper limit, climbing state of a control switch and coke cleaning sequential logic parameter storage switch.
Can select coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity and coil outlet temperature climb automatically control (program schema) or manually climbing control (operator's pattern), manually climbing control, then program only demonstrates target value, manually finishes the climbing control of relevant variable.And in the 1-2 time period in step of coke-removing procedure, the climbing master mode of coke cleaning air is chosen as operator's pattern.
It is three big steps that the online coke cleaning of pyrolyzer is divided into, and the first step is the radiant coil burning process, and second step was the waste heat boiler burning process, and the 3rd step is for burning terminal procedure.The execution sequence of automatic control program is as follows:
1. preproduction phase
Behind the program start, at first will be according to the selection of feeding manner switch, program coke cleaning parameter (comprise coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity, the coil outlet temperature in each step and climb accordingly the time and respectively go on foot the time length etc.) in the work internal memory of packing into.And each built-in variable and sign amount carried out initialize.
Confirm that by operator all execute-in-places all are executed correctly, as be not identified then that program is in waiting status, until whole affirmations.
Judge whether that by program all controlled variable have all met the requirements of the coke cleaning state for the treatment of, whether all control loop patterns are all correct, do not meet the demands if any certain loop, then corresponding circuit reported to the police, and program is in waiting status, all satisfies until all conditions.
2. radiant coil coke cleaning stage
Operator can select coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity and coil outlet temperature climb automatically control (program schema) or manually climbing control (operator's pattern).If select manually climbing control, then program only demonstrates target value, must be finished the climbing control of relevant variable by the operator.In first three step of coke-removing procedure, the climbing master mode of coke cleaning air is chosen as operator's pattern, avoiding the coke cleaning air when the low discharge, and the problem that the Flow Measurement Display Meter meter reading is inaccurate.
At first putting counter N is 1, the set(ting)value of slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity and coke cleaning steam flow controller, and the slope effect must be finished in the corresponding climbing time.After the timing register of finishing slope effect and writing down this time length in step stops, counter is added 1, proceed next step slope and control.
In the control process of slope, simultaneously significant variables such as coil outlet temperature and quencher temperature out are monitored, in case the excessive situation of deviation occurs, suspend the operation of slope control immediately, change program over to maintaining condition, display alarm information is carried out audible alarm simultaneously.
When second EOS, send an information to operator, tell him the radiant coil coke cleaning finishes, and whether inquiry carries out the coke cleaning of online useless pot.As the pot coke cleaning that do not give up, then carry out the program of ending phase, otherwise continue to carry out the program in useless pot coke cleaning stage.
3. waste heat boiler coke cleaning stage
Identical with the actuating logic in radiant coil coke cleaning stage, carry out the slope control of coke cleaning air, coke cleaning steam and the coil outlet temperature in second step according to the data of coke cleaning parameter list.Simultaneously key variables are monitored, abnormal conditions occur and report to the police immediately, and change program over to maintaining condition.
4. coke cleaning ending phase
Carry out the slope control of coke cleaning air, coke cleaning steam and the coil outlet temperature in the 3rd step according to the data of coke cleaning parameter list.Promptly withdraw from the coke cleaning air, making its flow is 0, coke cleaning steam and coil outlet temperature is adjusted to the value of stand-by state requirement.
Send ending message to the operator, require operator to confirm whether execute-in-place all is executed correctly, as not confirming all that then program is in waiting status, all is performed the coke cleaning EP (end of program) until all operations.
(3) advantage of the present invention is:
The science of computer program control can the raising pyrolyzer coke cleaning of the online coke cleaning of pyrolyzer reduces labor intensity of operating personnel, improves the automatization level and the production efficiency of whole ethylene unit, and can produce tangible economic benefit.
1. the man-machine interface close friend of the automatic coke cleaning program of computer, operator can carry out real time monitoring to the coke-removing procedure situation of carrying out by man-machine interface, carry out the input of significant variable and system selector switch, carry out the various operations to program.
2. operator can intervene in program operation process, also allow the judgement of operator according to oneself, the execution of time-out, recovery or terminator.
3. the coke cleaning sequential logic comprises radiant coil coke cleaning and waste heat boiler coke cleaning two portions, after the radiant coil coke cleaning finishes, only under operator's requirement, could carry out the online coke cleaning order of waste heat boiler.
4. computer program real time record coke cleaning total time, the current step of coke-removing procedure and the desired coke cleaning air and the steam flow of being used up.
5. operator can select coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity and coil outlet temperature climb automatically control (program schema) or manually climbing control (operator's pattern).If select manually climbing control, then program only demonstrates target value, must be finished the climbing control of relevant variable by the operator.In first three step of coke-removing procedure, the climbing master mode of coke cleaning air is chosen as operator's pattern, avoiding the coke cleaning air when the low discharge, and the problem that the Flow Measurement Display Meter meter reading is inaccurate.
6. in coke-removing procedure, can carry out real time modifying to the coke cleaning parameter that does not have the operation phase by man-machine interface.For moving and just in the parameter of operation phase, its data modification then is invalid.
7. in program operation process, can carry out online modification to the maximum allowable offset of coke cleaning steam flow, coke cleaning air flow quantity, coil outlet temperature according to process condition.Program monitors to key variables such as steam flow, air flow quantity, coil outlet temperatures that at any time if monitor abnormal conditions, program will be suspended the coke cleaning operation, enter maintaining condition.
8. be in an emergency when system, need carry out manual intervention at once, when wishing to withdraw from fully automatic coke cleaning program, can whole procedure be stopped by double acknowledge.
Five, embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the in-line coke-removing procedure of cracking furnace man-machine interface key frame of control automatically.Picture top is the pilot lamp that is used to indicate running status, is respectively PRESET (presetting), READY (being ready to), RUN (operation), HOLD (maintenance), WARNING (warning).The middle part has shown the current set(ting)value and the observed value of steam, air and coil outlet temperature in real time, and allow the parameter error values by several technologies of operator input, wherein STM DEV is the deviation that steam flow allows, AIR DEV is the deviation that air flow quantity allows, COT HILM is the high limit of the permissible value of coil outlet temperature, COT LOLM is a coil outlet temperature permissible value lower bound, and QUENCH T HITP is the high limit of quencher temperature out.Eight switching push buttons have been arranged in the bottom, and function is respectively:
Switch to coke cleaning and initially confirm picture;
Switch to coke cleaning parameter list picture;
Jump to program start and model selection picture;
Under the prerequisite of conditions permit, start the coke cleaning program run, according to the control of climbing of coke cleaning parameter list;
The people is for switching to maintaining condition, and this moment, the climbing process in all loops entered maintaining condition, and the set(ting)value in corresponding loop remains unchanged;
Switch to the picture of coke cleaning EP (end of program);
Switch to and withdraw from picture;
Switch to the main operation picture.Fig. 2 is the in-line coke-removing procedure of cracking furnace flow sheet of control automatically, and DSC carries out.At first being defined as follows parametric variable title: N is counter, the step number of representing current coke cleaning to carry out; AT (N) is the target value of N step coke cleaning air flow quantity; ST (N) is the target value of N step coke cleaning steam flow; CT (N) is the target value of N step coil outlet temperature; T (N) is the N time length in step; RA (N) is the climbing time of N step coke cleaning air flow quantity; RS (N) is the climbing time of N step coke cleaning steam flow; RC (N) is the climbing time of N step coil outlet temperature.Implement automatic control program: 1A. as follows the coke cleaning parameter is packed in the work internal memory, built-in variable and sign amount are carried out initialize; 1B. if all affirmations of on-the-spot action are carried out the 1C step with regard to continuing, if moving, the scene all confirms, be in waiting status, until satisfying condition; 1C. if all admissibility inspections all are ON, continue to carry out the 2A step, if admissibility inspection failure is in waiting status, until satisfying condition; 2A. put counter N=1; 2B. slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity, it is AT (N) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RA (N); 2C. slope control coke cleaning steam flow, it is ST (N) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RS (N); If 2D. finish slope effect, and the timing register of record T (N) time stops, and then carries out the 2F step, otherwise continues to carry out next step; 2E. after the deviation of key variables and bound monitored, return the 2D step; 2F. counter adds 1, N=N+1; 2G. if N>15 continue to carry out next step, go on foot otherwise return 2B; 2H. send an information, illustrate that the radiant coil coke cleaning finishes, and inquire the pot coke cleaning that whether gives up to the operator; If the pot coke cleaning 2I. do not give up is carried out the 4M step, otherwise continues to carry out next step; 3A. slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity, it is AT (16) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RA (16); 3B. slope control coke cleaning steam flow, it is ST (16) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RS (16); 3C. slope control coil outlet temperature, it is CT (16) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RC (16); If 3D. finish slope effect, and the timing register of record T (16) time stops, and then carries out the 3F step, otherwise continues to carry out next step; 3E. after the deviation of key variables and bound monitored, return the 3D step; 3F. slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity, it is AT (17) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RA (17); 3G. slope control coke cleaning steam flow, it is ST (17) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RS (17); 3H. slope control coil outlet temperature, it is CT (17) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RC (17); If 3I. finish slope effect, and the timing register of record T (17) time stops, and then carries out the 4A step, otherwise continues to carry out next step; 3J. after the deviation of key variables and bound monitored, return the 3I step; 4A. slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity, it is AT (18) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RA (18); 4B. slope control coke cleaning steam flow, it is ST (18) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RS (18); 4C. slope control coil outlet temperature, it is CT (18) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RC (18); If 4D. finish slope effect, and the timing register of record T (18) time stops, and then carries out the 4F step, otherwise continues to carry out next step; 4E. after the deviation of key variables and bound monitored, return the 4D step; 4F. slope control coke cleaning air flow quantity, it is AT (19) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RA (19); 4G. slope control coke cleaning steam flow, it is ST (19) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RS (19); 4H. slope control coil outlet temperature, it is CT (19) that target value is set, and the climbing time is RC (19);
If 4I. finish slope effect, and the timing register of record T (19) time stops, and then carries out the 4K step,
Otherwise continue to carry out next step;
4J. after the deviation of key variables and bound monitored, return the 4I step;
4K. make the operator's console jingle bell, and send an information, and wait acknowledge to the operator;
4L. if the whole affirmations of all on-the-spot actions just continue to carry out next step, inwhole if move at the scene
Confirm, be in waiting status, until satisfying condition;
4M. show the information that coke-removing procedure finishes.
In the foregoing description, the coke cleaning stage of radiant coil, be divided into for 15 time periods in step, to waste heat boiler
In the coke cleaning stage, be divided into for 2 time periods in step.
Application module/advanced process management station/(AM/APM/HPM of high-performance management station at DCS, Application Module/Advanced Process Manager/High Performance ProcessManager) goes up according to above-mentioned steps, use CL (Control Langrange) language to carry out writing of program, and carry out the editor of man-machine interface according to the picture of Fig. 1, can obtain the automatic control program of online coke-removing procedure.
The condition of above-mentioned requirements all can satisfy, so this invention has universality in the DCS system in the pyrolyzer production equipment.