CN1367146A - Method for controlling oil-bearing waste water - Google Patents
Method for controlling oil-bearing waste water Download PDFInfo
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- CN1367146A CN1367146A CN 02109255 CN02109255A CN1367146A CN 1367146 A CN1367146 A CN 1367146A CN 02109255 CN02109255 CN 02109255 CN 02109255 A CN02109255 A CN 02109255A CN 1367146 A CN1367146 A CN 1367146A
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Abstract
A technological process for treating oily waste water in oil field does not adopt the biological technology with harsh requirement, and directly utilizes the intensified demulsifier to make intensified demulsification of waste water in which the oil must be intercepted and sand must be removed, then adopts the air-float process to directly make oxidation reduction reaction and flocculation adsorption action, then utilizes several filtering media to make complete filtration so as to implement waste water discharge reaching the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a purification treatment process of oil extraction wastewater in an oil field, in particular to a treatment method of oily wastewater of high-viscosity oil extraction wastewater and low-oil high-salt reinjection water. Can also be widely used for treating oily wastewater in other industries such as petroleum industry, metal industry, food processing industry, textile industry and the like.
Background
As is well known, with the development of social productivity and the improvement of science and technology, the threat of environmental pollution to the development of human survival has attracted high attention. In order to protect human health and maintain ecological balance, various measures for treating environmental pollution are emerging in large quantity. Because the oily wastewater has various types and wide sources, the treatment equipment and the treatment method are different. Generally, according to the water quality and purification requirements, corresponding treatment process and equipment for oily wastewater are selected.
In the article of oil field oil extraction wastewater treatment status and development prospect of volume 29, 6<th>of 2000 in Petroleum and Natural gas chemical engineering, aiming at the problems that the production of domestic oil extraction wastewater is continuously increased, the oil extraction wastewater discharged into the environment has lower standard discharge rate, and the prior treatment processes of oil separation-filtration and oil separation-flotation (or cyclone oil removal) -filtration are adopted, the method is used as a solution for treating the general oil extraction wastewater by using biological treatment technologies such as 'air floatation pretreatment-batch reactor (anaerobic-aerobic) -precipitation' and activated sludge method and ozone oxidation method, wherein the treatment technologies are firstly considered for standard discharge of the oil extraction wastewater in the oil field in the future, and the matched perfect filtering technology has a better treatment effect on the general oil extraction wastewater.
In the article of ' new development of foreign oil-extraction wastewater treatment technology ' in the tenth volume 2 of 2001 of oil-gas field environmental protection ', a new process flow, a new technology and new equipment adopted in the aspect of produced water treatment in recent years and abroad are introduced systematically. The structures adopted for treating the oily wastewater of foreign oil fields mainly comprise: a grit chamber, an API oil separation tank, a CPI oil separation tank, a natural oil removal tank, a coagulation oil removal tank, a coarse granulation tank, a pressure settling tank, a flotation tank (column), a pressure filter tank, a single-valve filter tank, a combined treatment device, a hydraulic cyclone separator, a fine filter and the like. The adopted subsidiary facilities are as follows: various buffer tanks (pools), recovery water tanks (pools), backwashing water tanks (pools), sump oil tanks, medicament dosing systems, various water pumps, oil-water metering facilities and the like. According to the water quality requirements of the oil extraction wastewater and the purified water, various oil extraction wastewater treatment process flows can be formed by utilizing the structures and the auxiliary facilities. The treatment process of foreign oil extraction waste water is changed from the original oil separation-coagulation-filtration technology into the oil separation-coagulation air flotation-biochemistry-filtration technology. The adoption of air flotation and biochemical technology has become a mark of advanced oil extraction wastewater treatment process in recent years.
However, the above existing domestic and foreign oil extraction wastewater treatment technologies still fail to solve the treatment problems of high heavy oil extraction wastewater and low oil and high salt reinjection water oil-containing wastewater. Dominant degrading bacteria adopted in the domestic activated sludge process need to be screened and domesticated under certain conditions, and only a good living environment is created, so that an ecological system with a degrading effect can be generated. The method has the advantages of harsh conditions, complex process flow, large occupied area, troublesome operation, high operation cost and strict requirements on operation management, thereby influencing the popularization and application of the method. The adoption of foreign biochemical technology also needs to be carried out under certain conditions, the treatment period is long, the operation management is stricter, the working efficiency is low, the investment is large, and the method is not suitable from the economic aspect. Therefore, it is an urgent desire of those skilled in the art to find a simple, fast, easy-to-manage, low-cost and efficient method to solve the above-mentioned treatment problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a treatment method of oil extraction wastewater, which has the characteristics of simple treatment process flow, easy operation, convenient management, improvement of treatment work efficiency, reduction of construction investment and occupied area, energy conservation, low operation cost, remarkable treatment effect, wide adaptability and the like, realizes standard discharge of discharged water, and is beneficial to protecting human health, maintaining ecological balance and improving environmental quality.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the process flow of the method is carried out according to the following sequence:
firstly, oil removal and sand removal: the oily wastewater is subjected to conventional oil removal and sand removal treatment by using an oil removal tank or machine.
Secondly, strengthening demulsification: the water after oil removal and sand removal enters a reaction tank filled with a reinforced demulsifier, and demulsification is carried out for 3-5 minutes, wherein the weight ratio of the reinforced demulsifier to the water is 2-4: 10000;
thirdly, air floatation: the water after demulsification enters an air flotation machine to remove floating oil and suspended matters;
fourthly, oxidation reduction: the water after air floatation enters an oxidation-reduction reaction tank filled with scrap iron to react for 10 to 60 minutes;
fifthly, adjusting the pH value: the treated water enters a flocculation-adsorption reaction tank, NaOH or Ca (OH) is added2Adjusting the pH value to 8-9;
sixthly, separating slag from water: after the PH value is adjusted, adding coagulant aid polyacrylamide with the weight ratio of the dosage to water of 2-4: 1000000, and then carrying out conventional slag-water separation;
seventhly, comprehensive filtration: and filtering the water after deslagging by sequentially using coke, shells, fibers and biological activated carbon, and obtaining the filtered water which is the purified water reaching the discharge standard.
Aiming at the treatment problems of the existing domestic and foreign oil extraction wastewater treatment technologies, in particular to the treatment of the oil-containing wastewater of high-viscosity oil extraction wastewater and low-oil high-salt reinjection water, the invention firstly provides a new concept of intensified demulsification of the oil-containing wastewater, introduces the internal electrolysis oxidation-reduction technology into the treatment process of the oil-containing wastewater for the first time, and is matched with a comprehensive filtering means consisting of coke, fruit shells, fibers and biological activated carbon in sequence, thereby forming a new oil-containing wastewater treatment process which is simple, convenient, quick, easy to manage,low in cost and high in efficiency. For emulsified oil of 'water-in-oil' or 'oil-in-water' in high-viscosity oil extraction wastewater, the conventional single demulsification method is low in demulsification rate and poor in demulsification effect, and macromolecular organic matters are more difficult to remove. The oil poisoning of the biological filler is easily caused by biological treatment, so that the discharge of the wastewater treated by a biological method cannot reach the standard. In addition, the adoption of the biochemical technology needs to be carried out under certain conditions, the operation management is strict, the operation management is not easy to master, the efficiency is low, the investment is large, and the method is not suitable from the economic aspect. The enhanced demulsifier adopted in the process flow is carefully and preferably selected aiming at the problem that the emulsified oil of 'water-in-oil' or 'oil-in-water' is not easy to be demulsified. The enhanced demulsifier can fully neutralize the surface charge of oil droplets of emulsified oil, well destroy a hydration film and compress double electric layers of the oil droplets, increase the collision chance between the oil droplets, ensure that the emulsified oil is destabilized and demulsified sharply, and the oil droplets become larger and are easier to be adsorbed by small air bubbles of air floatation and float out of the water surface quickly to be removed. The invention adopts the internal electrolysis oxidation-reduction technology in the process, and utilizes the nascent state H and Fe with strong reduction capability generated in the reaction tank2+So that macromolecular cyclic or long-chain organic matters in the wastewater are destroyed and decomposed into micromolecular organic matters which are easy to be adsorbed and precipitated. The process is to use OH-Adjusting waste after air flotationThe pH value of the water is 8-9 Whenthe product is generated, short-chain organic matters are strongly adsorbed, and polyacrylamide is used for flocculation, and meanwhile, micromolecular organic matters can be wrapped to form coprecipitation. This is advantageous for removing organic matter from wastewater. The technical characteristics are also different from the prior art of adding the flocculating adsorbent additionally. It not only obviously reduces the amount of waste slag, but also saves the operation cost. In addition, the coke, the fruit shell, the fiber and the biological activated carbon are adopted for comprehensive filtration, so that the biological energy can survive and propagate on the surface of the activated carbon, organic matters are further removed, the COD is reduced, the activated carbon is saved, the service cycle of the activated carbon is prolonged, and the expensive regeneration cost of the activated carbon is also saved.
By adopting the treatment method of the invention, through the treatment experiments of high viscous oil extraction wastewater of Liaohe oil field oil extraction plant, low oil and high salt reinjection water of Daqing oil field oil extraction plant and the like, the results are detected by an environmental monitoring central station of Liaoning province, an environmental protection monitoring station of Panjin city and an environmental monitoring station of Daqing oil field, and are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 mg/L
| Unit of | Liaohe oil field oil extraction plant | Daqing oil field oil production plant | ||||||
| Item | COD | Oil | SS | PH | COD | Oil | SS | PH |
| Before treatment Of (2) raw water | 16380- 20100 | 18010- 26500 | 8030- 11000 | 7-8 | 300- 380 | 10-14 | 160- 210 | 7 |
| Demulsifying gas Floating body | 520 | 45 | 28 | 5 | 35 | 2-3 | 15 | 5.5 |
| Oxidation-reduction of Original and air flotation | 137 | 0.1- 0.2 | 5 | 8-9 | 8 | 0.1- 0.2 | 5 | 8-9 |
| Has been synthesized Filter element | 67 | Not tested Go out | Is free of | 8-9 | ＜5 | Not tested Go out | Is free of | 8-9 |
The results show that the treatment process flow does not adopt the biotechnology with harsh application conditions, the waste water after oil removal and sand removal is subjected to enhanced demulsification by directly utilizing the enhanced demulsifier, oxidation-reduction reaction and flocculation adsorption are directly carried out through air floatation, and then comprehensive filtration is carried out by using various filter media, so that the discharge of the discharged water reaching the standard can be realized. The invention has wide adaptability and is beneficial to popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The implementation method comprises the following steps: the treatment of high heavy oil extraction wastewater of Liaohe oil field oil extraction plant.
The specific operations are carried out in the following order:
firstly, oil removal and sand removal: firstly, taking the oily wastewater of the high-viscosity oil extraction wastewater, and carrying out conventional oil removal and sand removal treatment by using an oil removal machine. Recovering oil and discarding sand.
Secondly, strengthening demulsification: pumping the water after oil removal and sand removal into a reaction tank filled with a reinforced demulsifier, and demulsifying for 3-5 minutes, wherein the weight ratio of the reinforced demulsifier to the water is 3: 10000. The intensified demulsifier is the HR-2 type demulsifier produced and sold by Hongyi environmental protection high and new technology research institute in Shenyang.
Thirdly, air floatation: and (4) the demulsified water enters an air flotation machine for air flotation, oil is recovered, and floating oil and suspended matters are removed. Fourthly, oxidation reduction: and (3) introducing the water subjected to air floatation into an oxidation-reduction reaction tank filled with scrap iron and coke, and reacting for 10-60 minutes. In order to facilitate the smooth reaction, the iron chips and the coke are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1-2: 1.
Fifthly, adjusting the pH value: the treated water enters a flocculation-adsorption reaction tank, NaOH or Ca (OH) is added2And regulating the pH value to 8-9.
Sixthly, separating slag from water: after the pH value is adjusted, a coagulant aid polyacrylamide is added, and the weight ratio of the coagulant aid polyacrylamide to water is 4: 1000000. Then using inclined plate sedimentation tank or air-float machine to make conventional slag-water separation so as to make slag-water separation, and discarding waste slag.
Seventhly, comprehensive filtration: and filtering the water after deslagging by sequentially using coke, shells, fibers and biological activated carbon, and obtaining the filtered water which is the purified water reaching the discharge standard.
The implementation method II comprises the following steps: the method is used for treating low-oil high-salt reinjection water of Daqing oil field oil production plants.
The specific operations are carried out in the following order:
firstly, oil removal and sand removal: firstly, taking the oily wastewater of low-oil high-salt reinjection water, and carrying out conventional oil removal and sand removal treatment by using an oil removal machine. Recovering oil and discarding sand.
Secondly, strengthening demulsification: pumping the water after oil removal and sand removal into a reaction tank filled with a reinforced demulsifier, and demulsifying for 3-5 minutes, wherein the weight ratio of the reinforced demulsifier to the water is 2: 10000. The intensified demulsifier is the HR-2 type demulsifier produced and sold by Hongyi environmental protection high and new technology research institute in Shenyang.
Thirdly, air floatation: and (4) the demulsified water enters an air flotation machine for air flotation, oil is recovered, and floating oil and suspended matters are removed.
Fourthly, oxidation reduction: and (3) introducing the water subjected to air floatation into an oxidation-reduction reaction tank filled with scrap iron and coke, and reacting for 10-60 minutes. In order to facilitate the smooth reaction, the iron chips and the coke are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1-2: 1.
Fifthly, adjusting the pH value: the treated water enters a flocculation-adsorption reaction tank, NaOH or Ca (OH) is added2And regulating the pH value to 8-9.
Sixthly, separating slag from water: after the pH value is adjusted, a coagulant aid polyacrylamide is added, and the weight ratio of the coagulant aid polyacrylamide to water is 2: 1000000. Then using inclined plate sedimentation tank or air-float machine to make conventional slag-water separation so as to make slag-water separation, and discarding waste slag.
Seventhly, comprehensive filtration: the water after deslagging is filtered by coke, nut shell, fiber and biological activated carbon in sequence, and the filtered water is the reinjection water reaching the standard.
Claims (2)
1. A treatment method of oily wastewater is characterized in that: the process flow is carried out according to the following sequence:
firstly, oil removal and sand removal: the oily wastewater is subjected to conventional oil removal and sand removal treatment by using an oil removal tank or machine.
Secondly, strengthening demulsification: the water after oil removal and sand removal enters a reaction tank filled with a reinforced demulsifier, and demulsification is carried out for 3-5 minutes, wherein the weight ratio of the reinforced demulsifier to the water is 2-4: 10000;
thirdly, air floatation: the water after demulsification enters an air flotation machine to remove floating oil and suspended matters;
fourthly, oxidation reduction: the water after air floatation enters an oxidation-reduction reaction tank filled with scrap iron and coke to react for 10 to 60 minutes;
fifthly, adjusting the pH value: the treated water enters a flocculation-adsorption reaction tank, NaOH or Ca (OH) is added2Adjusting the pH value to 8-9;
sixthly, separating slag from water: after the PH value is adjusted, adding coagulant aid polyacrylamide with the weight ratio of the dosage to water of 2-4: 1000000, and then carrying out conventional slag-water separation;
seventhly, comprehensive filtration: and filtering the water after deslagging by sequentially using coke, shells, fibers and biological activated carbon, and obtaining the filtered water which is the purified water reaching the discharge standard.
2. The method for treating oily wastewater according to claim 1, which comprises the steps of: the weight ratio of the scrap iron and the coke used in the oxidation-reduction reaction tank is 1-2: 1.
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| CN100417680C (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2008-09-10 | 李太模 | Process for preparing diesel oil with polywater as raw material |
| CN100431654C (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-11-12 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Pre-treating process for sewage from thick oil refining |
| CN100482604C (en) * | 2007-05-28 | 2009-04-29 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院 | Method and apparatus for treating emulsified oil waste water |
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| CN101870544A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2010-10-27 | 大庆市新中瑞环保有限公司 | Method for treating petroleum refining waste water |
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| CN102417276A (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2012-04-18 | 华北电力大学 | Experimental device for treating emulsified oil wastewater by UASB/MBR technology |
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| CN100417680C (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2008-09-10 | 李太模 | Process for preparing diesel oil with polywater as raw material |
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| CN100482604C (en) * | 2007-05-28 | 2009-04-29 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院 | Method and apparatus for treating emulsified oil waste water |
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