CN1366197A - Display method and apparatus for stereo three dimensional image - Google Patents
Display method and apparatus for stereo three dimensional image Download PDFInfo
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- CN1366197A CN1366197A CN 01101608 CN01101608A CN1366197A CN 1366197 A CN1366197 A CN 1366197A CN 01101608 CN01101608 CN 01101608 CN 01101608 A CN01101608 A CN 01101608A CN 1366197 A CN1366197 A CN 1366197A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and its device for displaying three-dimensional image. An image transferring mechanism continually projects a group of two-dimensional images in sequence onto a fast moving screen. Rotating-reciprocating mechanism converts rotating movement into reciprocating movement in order to move the screen. The image transferring mechanism moves a group of reflecting mirror as well as a combination of varifocus lens and projecting lens through rotating-reciprocating mechanism. When the two mechanisms jointly acutate the screen movtion, and the tableau, size and focus status of the project picture are not changed, although and screen moves. The rotating-reciprocating mechanism can directly move a plane display directly to produce a three-dimensional image. The invention also includes a projecting method to produce color and gray scale as well as a new man-machine system.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method for displaying image and device, specifically, relate to a kind of display packing and device of stereoscopic three-dimensional image.
Position from the user, be used at present showing that the display technology of three-dimensional computer data can be divided into two big classes: (1) scenography: on two-dimensional display, show 3-D view with scenography, and (2) depth of field display technique: on two dimensional display, show the image of the depth of field, for example laser holography (holography) or utilize right and left eyes visual angle difference and special spectacles to produce the depth of field.The shortcoming of scenography is to lack real depth of field sense, and the user uses mouse to locate on two dimensional surface easily, but extremely difficult with scenography depthkeeping degree (promptly vertical with the display screen third dimension).So there are various depth of field display technique attempts to overcome this shortcoming.But the Computerized laser holography needs huge counter ability, and technology is prematurity still; And right and left eyes subtense angle technology needs special spectacles usually, is not suitable for that many people are multi-direction to be watched.In addition, the visual angle of all existing depth of field display techniques (view angle) is all very limited.
Known stereoscopic three-dimensional image display technique has a few types at present.So-called stereoscopic three-dimensional image (volumetric 3D image) is the volume that in fact 3-D view occupies, each pixel (voxel) of its image actual shared position in the space be exactly on its how much should the position, the nearly all direction of light directive that each pixel is sent, and in observer's eye, form real image.Therefore, the observer can watch this stereoscopic three-dimensional image from any direction almost, need not by any special spectacles.Multidigit observer can center on the video picture space, watches same stereo-picture from different directions.Projection arrangement is combined computer data or the image that then can be used to show three-dimensional with computing machine, and the animation of 3-D view.Range of application comprises three-dimensional medical image, and stereoradar or sonar show, reach electronic game display etc.Summarize its all kinds below.
Varifocal mirror (Varifocal Mirror) technology is the representative of early-stage development.Zoom lens system comprises a fixing two dimensional display, as cathode-ray tube (CRT), and the mirror that simultaneously moves around.The user watches the virtual image of two dimensional display in mirror.The periodicity of the virtual image in mirror moves and forms a video picture space.One group of two-dimensional picture is presented on the two dimensional display in order continuously, and two-dimensional picture is satisfied one and is connect the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order of a ground.Make many two-dimensional pictures of all video pictures in the space in human eye, form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image [consulting Te Laoba (Traub) 1967] by the persistence of vision effect.But owing to be to watch the virtual image in the mirror, the viewing angle of this technology is very narrow.
Second kind of technology then directly moves or rotates a two dimensional display, as the circuit board of a packaged full dot matrix LEDs, moves to diverse location control dot matrix LEDs figure with circuit board then.Because the persistence of vision effect, the luminous point of all video pictures in the space promptly forms a stereoscopic three-dimensional image [Bai Lin (Berlin) 1973].The main shortcoming of this technology is high-speed mobile or rotates an electronic console and easily cause reliability issues.Its resolution also is subject to the volume of light emitting diode.Data are sent to the problem that also has signaling interface on the mobile display from computing machine or Other Instruments.
Another kind of technology uses a branch of or a branch of above laser beam to remove to scan the screen of a high-speed mobile or rotation, and the plotted point of laser beam and screen promptly is a constantly luminous point of fast moving in the space.Regulate and control the path that luminous point scans so that counter is program control in the space, utilize the persistence of vision effect, can produce stereoscopic three-dimensional image [Clifton (Clifton) 1993; Add West Asia (Garcia) 1989; Add West Asia and William (Garcia and Williams) 1991; Sol people such as smooth grade (Soltan et al.) 1998; Ba Qike (Batchko) 1992].The shortcoming of this technology is the speed that the complexity of image is subject to laser scanner technique.The industrial safety factor also limits available laser luminosity.
Also have a kind of technology to be to use electron beam to remove to scan a moving screen that plates phosphorus, a promptly similar cathode-ray tube (CRT) that moving screen is arranged.Another kind method is to go to scan one to light or responsive luminous gas or the solid [Luo Wei (Rowe) 1977 of electricity with the laser beam of two bundle intersections or electron beam; People such as Tang Ning (Downing et al.) 1996; Ke Liwa (Korevaar) 1989].Use Liang Shu Ping to lead the different technology of laser beam intersection in photosensitive gas or solid and abbreviate " two step energy rank " principle (principle of 2-step excitation) as, because of the first bundle laser is energized into middle energy rank with photochromics, the second bundle laser is energized into material the second energy rank again, just emits visible light in the photoelectric effect on the second energy rank.This type of " spot scan " technology and described laser spot technology have similar shortcoming.
Another kind of technology described " spot scan " method of sublating adopts " whole picture " explicit representation.The varifocal mirror technology of described early-stage development can be considered an example.Another kind method is that many penetration flat-panel screens (for example LCD) are stacked, and becomes a three-dimensional display.[breathe out Tuoli (Hattori) 1992; The Yevgeniy Sadovyi Buddhist nun restrains (Sadovinik) 1998] but because flat-panel screens has certain thickness, in certain space, can fold into limited amount, therefore the image resolution ratio of this method is also limited.Another kind method is to use a screen that bends to scroll, as shown in Figure 1.When it was the axis rotation with whirlpool axle center 101, the screen 102 of scroll can an inswept display space 103.Many pieces of two-dimensional picture is projected on the screen in inswept this space with a projector then and [covers base of a fruit Greensboro (Montebello) 1969].The focal length dark (depth of focus) that but is limited to projector is limited, and the degree of depth of the display space that this method can produce is also limited.Another kind of mechanism then uses one to be twisted into spiral helicine screen, as shown in Figure 2.It is when axis 201 rotations, and spiral helicine screen 202 can an inswept display space 203.With a projector many pieces of two-dimensional picture is projected on the screen in inswept this space then.For overcoming the dark restriction of focal length, a kind of method is the dark greatest differences [Morton (Morton) 1990] of focal length that mates the spiral fashion screen with synthesized image lens (anamorphic lens).But synthesized image lens manufacturing combination is extremely complicated, and image quality is not as general projecting lens.Another kind method then is with parallel beam many pieces of two-dimensional picture directly to be projected in [Tang Pusen (Thompson) 1996] on the moving screen.Because of not being subjected to focal length, do not limit deeply parallel beam.But produce parallel beam, must use laser light to be light source, or use the design of Shi Lilun (Schlieren) projection optics.The two energy efficiency is all lower, so the commercial cost height.
For overcoming the shortcoming of above various technology, the inventor of the application's case had once invented " moving screen shadow casting technique ".Its ultimate principle will be delivered to from the image frame of projector on the moving screen for using one " image transfer mechanism ", when making screen motion, image frame, its size and the focusing situation of projection on it be because of screen motion changes, and its orientation then keeps synchronously with the orientation of screen.Like this then projector that produce two-dimensional picture can use general projecting lens and light source, do not need parallel beam, do not need the synthesized image lens yet.The content of " moving screen shadow casting technique " is found in United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 754, and No. 147 and the 5th, 954, No. 414 [people (Tsao et al.) 1998 such as Chu Ao; Chu Austria (Tsao) 1999].The application's case is the further improvement of " moving screen shadow casting technique "
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of stable stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing and device of motion smoothly of reaching of running, better stereoscopic three-dimensional image quality to be provided and the stereoscopic three-dimensional image of tool colour and gray scale (gray scale) to be arranged and mode and stereoscopic three-dimensional image interaction that can be more natural with simplification.
For achieving the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing is characterized in that it comprises: (1) makes an imaging plane rotate around an axis, and keeps this imaging plane in the face of a fixed-direction; (2) on described imaging plane, show one group of two dimensional image picture in order continuously; (3) make the motion of described imaging plane form a video picture space, described two-dimensional picture is the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order, makes many two-dimensional pictures of all video pictures in the space form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image by the persistence of vision effect.
For achieving the above object, according to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing is characterized in that it comprises: (1) shows one group of two dimensional image picture in order continuously; (2) by an image transfer step with described two dimensional image image projection on a reciprocating imaging plane, the image frame, its size and the focusing situation that are projected on the imaging plane are not changed because of the imaging plane motion; Described image transfer step is used one group around axis revolution but the catoptron of not rotation, and its position changes by the imaging plane shift in position; Or using one group of projection arrangement of forgiving a varifocal recessed plano-convex catoptron, its focal length changes by the imaging plane shift in position; (3) make the motion of described imaging plane form a video picture space, described two-dimensional picture is the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order, makes many two-dimensional pictures of all video pictures in the space form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image by the persistence of vision effect.
For achieving the above object, according to another aspect of the invention, a kind of stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing is characterized in that it comprises: (1) shows one group of monochromatic two dimensional image picture in order continuously; (2) with described two dimensional image image projection on the screen of a fast moving; Described screen has colour element picture group case, and aforementioned monochromatic two dimensional image projection is on it, becomes the color 2 D image and is presented on the screen; (3) make the motion of described screen form a video picture space, described color 2 D image frame is the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order, makes many color 2 D pictures of all video pictures in the space form a color solid 3-D view by the persistence of vision effect.
For achieving the above object, in accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that shows curved surface with stereoscopic three-dimensional image with colour or gray scale, be characterized in, it comprises: (1) is the data of several times curved surface with the data decomposition of described curved surface, each time curved surface respectively has a different color or different picture element densities to distribute, but shape is similar to former curved surface; (2) with the data of described curved surface, be presented in the video picture space, and make the stereoscopic three-dimensional image of described each time curved surface closely superimposed with stereoscopic three-dimensional image.
For achieving the above object, according to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of stereoscopic three-dimensional image display device is characterized in that it comprises: (1) one can show the device of stereoscopic three-dimensional image; (2) one concave mirrors; And (3) one three-dimensional localization and input media.
For achieving the above object, another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of and stereoscopic three-dimensional image interaction is characterized in that it comprises: (1) uses a stereoscopic three-dimensional display to show a stereoscopic three-dimensional image; (2) use an executor to hold usefulness for the user; (3) define the geometric parameter of the virtual terminal of described executor with numerical data; (4) use a three-dimensional localization and input media, the position of the described executor of real-time measurement and seat to; (5) position of calculating described virtual terminal and seat to; (6) with described virtual terminal by its position with the seat to, be shown in the described stereoscopic three-dimensional display; (7) with the image of the described virtual terminal of counter routine processes and the interaction of described stereoscopic three-dimensional image.
The method of generation stereoscopic three-dimensional image of the present invention and device are the improvement of " moving screen shadow casting technique ".The ultimate principle of " moving screen shadow casting technique " is for using one photomechanical " image transfer mechanism ", with one group of two-dimensional picture, be docile and obedient the preface successive projection on the screen of a fast moving, when making screen motion, image frame, its size and the focusing situation of projection on it does not change because of screen motion.The periodicity of this screen in the space moves and forms a video picture space.So one of the two-dimensional picture that is projected connects the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order of a ground.Because the persistence of vision effect, many two-dimensional pictures of all video pictures in the space promptly form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image.The observer can watch this stereoscopic three-dimensional image from any direction almost, and need not by any special spectacles.
Moving screen of the present invention mechanism is " reciprocating rotary mechanism ", and ultimate principle revolves round the sun around an axis for making screen, but not rotation; The surface of screen keeps in the face of a fixed-direction during revolution, and like this, rotatablely moving of screen can be contained a rectangular parallelepiped video picture space, and screen comes down to back and forth movement in this space.The mechanism that can produce " rotation back and forth " motion has many, and principal organ drives screen for using one group of pivot arm.
" reciprocating rotary mechanism " also can be used to directly move a flat-panel screens, fill the circuit board of dot matrix LEDs as a slice, or a slice polymer LED display [organic light emitting display, OLED], produce stereoscopic three-dimensional image.
Two kinds of the present invention " image transfer mechanism ", its first kind is used one group of removable catoptron, its position changes by the screen position change, and with the variation of compensation projection light path, therefore image frame, its size and the focusing situation that is projected on the screen do not change because of screen motion.Described " reciprocating rotary mechanism " used in the motion of catoptron.Second kind is used a varifocal recessed plano-convex catoptron, its focal length changes by the screen position change, cooperate the function that has zoom lens when making with projecting lens, therefore image frame, its size and the focusing situation that is projected on the screen can not change because of screen motion.
Colour projection's method of display color of the present invention or gray level image, its ultimate principle are that the colour element group is placed on the projection screen, but not on the display panel, like this, monochrome (white) light image only need be throwed by projector.After projecting on the screen, monochromatic two dimensional image just demonstrates colour.In addition, utilize the following unnecessary pixel in surface that is positioned at three-dimension curved surface, can increase the colour or the gray scale of object stereoscopic three-dimensional image.Its method is the data with the colored curved surface of desire demonstration, is decomposed into the data of several times curved surface.Each time curved surface respectively is a different color, but shape is similar to former curved surface.In the video picture space, that each time curved surface is closely superimposed then, can reappear the colour of former curved surface.
The present invention also proposes the man-machine interface of two kinds of improved systems, allows the user can be with more natural mode and stereoscopic three-dimensional image interaction.
Be clearer understanding purpose of the present invention, characteristics and advantage, be elaborated below in conjunction with the method and apparatus of accompanying drawing to the stereoscopic three-dimensional image demonstration of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 bends to the method for the screen of scroll for existing use one;
Fig. 2 is twisted into the mechanism of spiral helicine screen for existing a kind of use one;
Fig. 3 is for illustrating the synoptic diagram that existing " moving screen shadow casting technique " produces the key concept of stereoscopic three-dimensional image;
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of apparatus that slip crank mechanism moving screen is shown;
Fig. 5 a-5f is the synoptic diagram of one of the principle of " rotating reciprocal screen " of the present invention and mechanism;
Fig. 6 a-6c is two the synoptic diagram of " rotating reciprocal screen " of the present invention mechanism;
Fig. 7 b-7d among the present invention with the synoptic diagram of mobile mirror group as the principle of image transfer mechanism and three kinds of devices, method;
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram with one of the device of " rotation back and forth " mechanism's mobile mirror group, method;
Fig. 9 a-9d is the synoptic diagram with one of the principle of one group of " rotation back and forth " mechanism's mobile mirror group and screen and installation method.
Figure 10 a-10b is two a synoptic diagram with the device of " rotation back and forth " mechanism's mobile mirror group, method, and these apparatus and method are in order to revise the shape in video picture space;
Figure 12 a-12c uses varifocal mirror as the principle of image transfer mechanism and the synoptic diagram of two kinds of installation methods among the present invention;
Figure 13 is that " reciprocating rotary mechanism " of the present invention directly moves the device of a flat-panel screens, the synoptic diagram of method;
Figure 14 is the synoptic diagram that the screen of apparatus chromatic colour pixel groups among the present invention produces the method for coloured image.
Figure 16 is the synoptic diagram of display color of the present invention " inferior Surface Method ";
Figure 17 is the synoptic diagram of one of man-machine system device of the present invention, method;
Figure 18 is two a synoptic diagram of man-machine system device of the present invention, method.
At first summarize the key concept of " the moving screen shadow casting technique " of broad sense.As shown in Figure 3, its system comprises three main parts:
(1) moving screen: the cyclical movement of image display panel (abbreviation screen) 11 forms a video picture space 12.Screen has two kinds of mode of motion basically: reciprocating type or rotary.For example the reciprocating type screen of a rectangle can form a rectangular-shaped video picture space, the rotary cylindric video picture space that then forms.Screen is made by trnaslucent materials, so projected picture all can be seen on the screen two sides.
(2) image transfer mechanism: the function of image transfer mechanism 13 is for being delivered on the moving screen from the projected light beam 14 (its content is one group of two dimensional image picture 14a) of projector, when making screen motion, the image frame of projection on it, its size and focusing situation are neither because of screen motion changes, and its orientation is then synchronous with the orientation maintenance of screen.Arrow 17 expression projected light beams are invested the projecting direction of screen.
(3) image produces and grenade instrumentation (being called for short projector): projector 15 is used for producing many two-dimensional picture 14a that form stereoscopic three-dimensional image, and being projeced on the screen 11 of general.Projector's stationkeeping, its two-dimensional picture that projects are then reached with the motion screen by image transfer mechanism 13 synchronously.
With one group of two-dimensional picture, for example each sectional profile curve lin 14a of a car body through image transfer mechanism, is docile and obedient the preface successive projection on moving screen, then can make one of this group two-dimensional picture connect a ground and be docile and obedient the diverse location video picture 16 of preface in the video picture space.Because persistence of vision effect, many two-dimensional pictures of these video pictures in the space promptly form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image in human eye.The observer can watch this stereoscopic three-dimensional image from any direction almost, need not by any special spectacles.Described three main parts, each part respectively has multiple possible device, so also there is multiple possible combination in system.
Moving screen has multiple possible device.For the purpose of convenient narration, reciprocating type mobile definition comprises two-way back and forth movement, also comprises periodically unidirectional sweeping.Two-way back and forth movement, ready-made example can be used the slip crank mechanism, as shown in Figure 4.The slip crank mechanism need be by crank 411 through connecting rod 412 and chute (or linear bearing) 413, and could will rotatablely move becomes reciprocating type moving, therefore comparatively complicated.Unidirectional sweeping periodically, then can Fig. 1 with Figure 2 shows that example.Scroll screen and spiral fashion screen then need only simply rotatablely move can form reciprocating type moving screen, but whole screen has only the sub-fraction area to use.The application's case proposes the moving screen mechanism of a novelty, is called " reciprocating rotary mechanism ".Shown in Fig. 5 a and 5b-5d, ultimate principle makes it around one 501 revolution for getting a flat screen 11, but not rotation; That is the surface of screen keeps in the face of a fixed-direction (z direction) during revolution.Like this then rotatablely moving of screen can be contained a rectangular parallelepiped video picture space 12 in the z direction.If view screen is the part of space common factor therewith, then screen comes down to back and forth movement in this space, shown in side view 5b-5d three width of cloth action series.So be called " reciprocating rotary mechanism ".The advantage of this mode of motion is the linear back and forth movement of screen that produces essence with pure rotating mechanism.Mechanism is simple and reliable, and projection 17 also is easier to.Because the mode of motion of screen, its overall length must could all be contained projected light beam in any position greater than the width in video picture space 12.
The mechanism that can produce described " rotation back and forth " motion has many naturally.One of Fig. 5 a indication device example.Principal organ is two couples of pivot arm 510a-510d (being drawn as discoid among the figure) of rotation synchronously.Two pairs of pivot arms can be adorned (board omits and do not draw) on the sub board, respectively around its axis 502 and 503 rotations.Screen 11 is fixed on the supporting structure 520, and the two ends of supporting structure are loaded on respectively on the pole 522, and pole then links via rolling bearing 524 and two pairs of pivot arms.When two pairs of pivot arms around its axis 502 and 503 the rotation, screen supporting structure and screen with rotation, can in a rectangular parallelepiped video picture space 12, be back and forth movement.Each pivot arm all can be equipped with suitable counterweight 530, so that spin balancing is smooth and easy.Fig. 5 f signal keeps two pairs of pivot arms mechanism of rotation synchronously.About each one group of Timing Belt and gear train 540 pivot arm (as 510a and 510c) of homonymy is kept synchronously.The left and right sides synchronously then by one coaxial 550.One motor 560 can coaxial thus drive entire mechanism.When using " reciprocating rotary mechanism ", the angle that screen is contained on the screen supporting structure can determine optionally that shown in Fig. 5 e, its screen is sat to different with Fig. 5 a.
Fig. 6 a-6c signal adopt " reciprocating rotary mechanism " moving screen the device example two.Fig. 6 a is the section signal of mechanism, and Fig. 6 b is positive signal.Principal organ is a pivot arm 610.Pivot arm is loaded on the board 600, rotates around axis 603.One Timing Belt gear 605 is arranged on the axis.Axis and Timing Belt gear all are fixed in board, do not rotate.One end of pivot arm has an outstanding axle 6101, on the axle the second Timing Belt gear 620 is arranged, and is rotatable.Two Timing Belt gears 620 are identical with 605 diameter/number of teeth, link to each other with a Timing Belt 630 between the two.Screen 11 is fixed on second time gear 620 with 621 of supporting structures.So, then when pivot arm rotates, the second not rotation of time gear, the surface of screen keeps in the face of a fixed-direction.Identical with Fig. 5 a and 5f, the counterweight 530 of maintenance balance can place the other end of pivot arm, and the motion of pivot arm can come transmission by one group of Timing Belt 640 and the gear 6102 that is fixed on the pivot arm.This device example can have another distortion, promptly removes Timing Belt 630, adds an idle gear then between gear 605 and gear 620, and the axle of this idle gear stands on the pivot arm, its tooth respectively with gear 605 and 620 interlock mutually, also can reach identical function.
" reciprocating rotary mechanism " also can be used to directly move a flat-panel screens, fill the circuit board of dot matrix LEDs as a slice, or a slice polymer LED display [organic light emitting display, OLED], produce stereoscopic three-dimensional image.Example as shown in figure 13, flat-panel screens 2001 is contained on the supporting structure 520, drives the mechanism of similar Fig. 5 a then with two pairs of pivot arms.The same with the reciprocal screen of rotation, the overall length of flat-panel screens also must be greater than the width in video picture space 12.Every two-dimensional picture 16 of formation stereoscopic three-dimensional image must be shown in the diverse location on the flat-panel screens, and to different positions, flat-panel screens is walked the situation to diverse location shown in Figure 13 left with the corresponding flat display motion.
If use " two step energy rank " principle to produce stereoscopic three-dimensional image, then do not need the entity screen.Screen can be the common factor plane of a planar light beam and a photochromics.Can rank in the middle of this planar light beam De Ping leads and photochromics can be energized into.And the projected light of projector must lead for Er Ping Ping, and material is energized into the second energy rank, emits visible light then by the photoelectric effect on the second energy rank.One planar light beam is back and forth swept in a photochromics, can use methods such as scanning mirror and paraboloidal mirror, known to the consummate optical-mechanical technology personage that does for oneself, do not need carefully to state.
Image transfer mechanism can be divided into two classes.The first kind is the mobile mirror group.Its principle is that a reflector group is inserted projector in the light path of moving screen, reflector group and screen synch to-and-fro movement, but its speed be two minutes of screen one, therefore compensated the change in optical path length of projector to moving screen, make the image frame on the projection screen, its size and focusing situation are neither to be changed because of screen motion.Example described in No. 5,954,414, Fig. 7 a signal [Tsao 1999] United States Patent (USP).The two dimensional image that projector's display 1501 is produced by lens 1502 projections, through a reflector group 1301 and 1302 reflections, is projected on the moving screen 11.Display and lens are motionless.Catoptron 1301 becomes 90 degree with 1302.Projection light path 702 is parallel with screen stroke 701 directions.The screen stroke returns multiple between 11 to 11A, forms rectangular parallelepiped video picture space 12.Reflector group and screen synch to-and-fro movement, but its speed and stroke are 1/2nd of screen, between 1301 to 1301A (reaching 1302) to 1302A.Therefore, remain unchanged by projector to the light path of screen.Use described image transfer mechanism, " whole picture " successive projection can be produced stereoscopic three-dimensional image on screen then.Two of Fig. 7 b indication device example, this device is only with a mobile mirror 1300, and projected light beam adds reflection angle at angle to the incident angle of mobile mirror, so two face parallelograms 12 in video picture space.Therefore the reason of an angle again, catoptron moves the optical path difference that causes can be bigger slightly than 2 times of catoptron stroke, therefore for asking optimum efficiency, should optionally reduce the catoptron stroke.Three of Fig. 7 c indication device example, this device use the total reflection prism 1303 of one group of stationkeeping to come incident angle and the reflection angle of reduced projection light beam 702 to mobile mirror, so the video picture space can be near rectangular parallelepiped.Four of Fig. 7 d indication device example, this device uses an inclined to one side Amici prism (polarizing beam splitter) 1307, projected light beam can be reduced to 0 degree to the incident angle and the reflection angle of mobile mirror, so the video picture space can become positive rectangular parallelepiped.In this device, the projected light beam that enters inclined to one side Amici prism has preferably passed through polarisation, for example generally is that the image of the display of principle has passed through polarisation all with the liquid crystal.In the case, partially must use one quarter-wave wave resistance device (quarter waveretarder) 1305 between Amici prism and mobile mirror.The polarizing axis that should select projected light beam again to, make projected light enter inclined to one side Amici prism after, reflex to mobile mirror 1300.Should select again quarter-wave wave resistance device axially, make projected light reciprocal twice by behind the quarter-wave wave resistance device, polarizing axis can pass through inclined to one side Amici prism to turning 90 degrees, and arrives at screen.
The motion of mobile mirror group can be adopted and screen motion kindred organization, the slip crank mechanism of similar Fig. 4 for example, or similar Fig. 5 a " reciprocating rotary mechanism ", its building method can with the screen in the described mechanism and supporting structure changes suitable reflector group into and supporting structure gets final product.When for example reflector group is the right angle bimirror (Fig. 7 a is used), the device of " reciprocating rotary mechanism " can place bimirror on the supporting structure 520 as shown in Figure 8.
Synchronous coordination between the motion of mobile mirror group and screen motion, available naturally various mechanisms realize, as with gear or Timing Belt etc., this is known to the consummate mechanical technology personage, does not need carefully to state.When only the reflector group motion was all used " reciprocating rotary mechanism " with screen motion, both " reciprocating rotary mechanism " can be in conjunction with also simplifying.Fig. 9 a and 9b illustrate a mobile mirror 1300 to be contained in the same group of situation on the pivot arm with moving screen 11.Fig. 9 a is the section signal, and Fig. 9 b is positive signal.Fig. 9 c signal mechanism goes to peak, and Fig. 9 d signal mechanism goes to minimum point.Pivot arm 910a is similar to the pivot arm among Fig. 5 a to 910c, but an extended structure is arranged on it: forgive a minor axis 912, an adjutage 914 extends to pivot arm axle center 901 directions on the minor axis, and adjutage has a minor axis 916 again, more than all be fixed in the pivot arm body.Minor axis 912 links through bearing (not shown) and screen supporting structure 520 two ends.901 radiuses are R to minor axis 912 to the axle center, and therefore when pivot arm rotated, it was 2R that screen moves back and forth stroke, shown in Fig. 9 c and 9d.916 of adjutage minor axises link with bearing (not shown) and supporting structure 920 two ends.Structure 920 is similar with structure 520, precisely because go up device catoptron 1300.901 radiuses are 1/2R to adjutage minor axis 916 to the axle center, and therefore when pivot arm rotated, it was R that catoptron moves back and forth stroke, shown in Fig. 9 c and 9d.Letter speech, use extended structure, can make one group of pivot arm have two different movement travels simultaneously, one is used for the motion screen, and one is used for the motor reflex mirror, reaches the effect of optical path compensation.For example, 902 signals, one available projection path, this path and Fig. 7 b are similar.
In the installation method shown in Fig. 7 b and the 7c, because of projected light beam to the incident angle of mobile mirror greater than 0 degree, two face parallelograms in video picture space but not positive rectangle.This is because catoptron is when moving back and forth, the result of minute surface keeping parallelism.If when catoptron moves back and forth, minute surface is rotated, then can change the position of projected picture on screen, that is can revise the shape in video picture space, the more approaching positive rectangular parallelepiped that makes.Situation after the installation method of Figure 10 a synoptic diagram 7b changes through this, when catoptron moves towards peak by minimum point 1300A, slightly to counterclockwise rotating, the projection path 703A when making projection path 703 after the reflection with minimum point is keeping parallelism no longer, so can revise the shape in video picture space.The required corner of catoptron is then decided on the real system light path, for example among Figure 10 a, if peak projection path 703 with support most put path 703A between angle be t, then catoptron moves towards peak by minimum point need change 1/2t.Method as for rotating catoptron also has various mechanism to use naturally.When " reciprocating rotary mechanism " used in Figure 10 b signal, rotate the method for catoptron, promptly be to use two groups of pivot arms that radius of turn is different, one group at preceding 1010a, and one group at back 1010c.Because front and back pivot arm radius of turn difference, during 1020 motions of catoptron supporting structure, its front axle 1021 has remarkable change with the spacing of rear axle 1022, answers accurate its of spacing to vacillate, as uses a little chute 1024.
The second class image transfer mechanism is a zoom light spare group.Its ultimate principle is to use the light spare group that can change focal length fast, adjusts image-forming range and magnification that two-dimensional picture is launched by projector, to cooperate the distance motion of screen.This type of image transfer mechanism and the partly real one that has become undistinguishable of the image projection of projector.Example described in No. 5,954,414, Figure 11 signal [Tsao 1999] United States Patent (USP) is mainly used a zoom lens 1101, the two dimensional image that projector's display 1501 is produced can be projected on the screen of far and near motion, and it is constant to keep magnification.Actual device can according to the screen distance data that sensor 1104 transmits, be controlled the detent 1102 of zoom lens with a numerical controller 1103.
Except that zoom lens, other zoom light spare also can be used, or is used with the fixed focal length projection lens.Two of zoom light spare example is varifocal mirrors (Varifocal Mirror) of carrying in background of invention one joint.Varifocal mirror is a film reflecting mirror, and its minute surface curvature can change fast, becomes the plane, concave surface, or prominent face mirror.Its detailed construction can be consulted [Rawson 1969].Figure 12 a is with the optical function of geometrical optics signal varifocal mirror.When minute surface was plane 1203f, the 9 one-tenth virtual image 9f of object that are positioned at O were in O ', OM=O ' M.When minute surface became convex surface 1203x, Fx was the focus of convex mirror.9 one-tenth virtual image 9x of object are in X, OM＞XM, and image height is less than object height.When minute surface became concave surface 1203v, Fv was the focus of concave mirror, and 9 one-tenth virtual image 9v of object are in V, OM＜VM, and image height is greater than object height.As from the foregoing, varifocal mirror changes the distance and size that the minute surface curvature can change over picture simultaneously, and both are relevant.Utilize this function, varifocal mirror can share with fixed focus lens, reaches the effect of zoom lens.One of Figure 12 b indication device method mainly is that varifocal mirror 1203 is inserted display panel 1501 in the light path of projecting lens 1502.Because varifocal mirror is a reflecting light spare, therefore need mat one total reflection prism 1 204 to arrange light path.Under this arranged, control varifocal mirror curvature was the optical path length of may command display panel to projecting lens, also controls the size of display panel with respect to projecting lens.Therefore, when varifocal mirror became convex surface, display panel diminished and near projecting lens, it is far away that projection imaging becomes, as position B.When varifocal mirror became concave surface, display panel becomes big and away from projecting lens, it is near that projection imaging becomes, and as position A, this moment, imaging magnification also diminished, but because of display panel becomes big, imaging size still can be identical with position B as a result.All this light paths and light spare parameter all can calculate according to geometrical optics, do not need carefully to state.Fig. 1 illustrates two of installation method, mainly is varifocal mirror 1203 is inserted projecting lens 1502 to the light path of moving screen 11.Under this arranges, because projecting lens also is subjected to the effect of varifocal mirror, thus use a detent 1200 to regulate the distance of display panel 1501 to projecting lens, to increase by a controllable variable.In the broadest sense, all varifocal recessed plan-convex mirrors all can be reached above function, are not necessarily limited to varifocal mirror structure originally.
Image forming appts can comprise any image display device in principle, as projection cathode-ray tube and projection type liquid crystal display etc.Image projection apparatus then comprises projecting lens and light source, or other image projection apparatus such as laser and laser beam flying device etc.As desire to fill part and utilize the characteristics of " whole image projection " to produce complicated stereoscopic three-dimensional image, then image forming appts must have high picture regeneration rate (frame refresh rate) and allow high brightness.There are several image forming appts to meet above requirement, comprise light emitting diode, ferroelectric liquid crystal (ferroelectric liquid crystal, be called for short FLC) display [consulting Clarke (Clark) 1981], digital micro-mirror display (digital micro mirror device, be called for short DMD) [consulting Mi Genadi (Mignardi) 1994], and film micro-mirror display [thin-film micro mirror array is called for short TMA] [consulting gold and He Wang (Kim andHwang) 1999] etc.
Above image forming appts, except that light emitting diode and laser, itself does not have color display.Produce coloured image,, two class methods are arranged according to general display processes.One is to use three display panels, as three liquid crystal panels, every light of throwing different colours respectively (as red, green, primary colors), the image projection with three different colours overlaps then.Other method is to use have the colour element group display panel of (color triads), and for example colour liquid crystal display device is stacked on the colourless liquid crystal panel often with one or more layers film with small colored filter array, to produce color.Two methods are done for oneself known to the consummate display processes personage, do not need carefully to state.Only on liquid crystal panel, make colour element group program complexity.For reaching the purpose that produces stereoscopic three-dimensional image with projection, the present invention proposes colour projection's method of a novelty.Its ultimate principle is that the colour element group is placed on the projection screen, but not on the display panel, so then monochrome (white) light image only need be throwed by projector.After monochromatic two dimensional image projects on the screen, just demonstrate colour.As shown in figure 14, screen 1411 can plate or stick the film 1451 (the blue B striped of the green G of red R for repeating shown in the figure) that one deck has the colored filter array with a trnaslucent materials 1452.Projector's image projected is made up of white luminous point 1460.The white luminous point drop on the red striped red spot 1460R; Drop on green or the Blue Streak line on green or blue light point, i.e. 1460G or 1460B.The trnaslucent materials that another method of making screen then is direct apparatus chromatic colour pixel groups pattern is used as screen.This method the most important thing is that the White-light image of projector projection must aim at correct colour element group, could rebuild correct colour picture on screen.Though in " moving screen shadow casting technique ", screen constantly moves, but its motion all is periodically repeatably.Therefore, the relative position of screen and projector all is as can be known any time.So, the relative position of the projected position on screen of projector and colour element picture group sample also is as can be known.This relative position of GPRS just can suitably be arranged the White-light image content of throwing, and aims at correct colour element group, rebuilds correct colour picture on screen.
Utilize the speciality of stereoscopic three-dimensional image, can a kind of new method packed-pixel in the video picture space, produce more colour or gray scale.According to our experimental observation, the space distribution of three kinds of basic geometric formats of the most suitable expression of stereoscopic three-dimensional image relation: sparse some set, curve (comprising straight line), and curved surface (comprising the plane).Under many circumstances, three-dimensional body can show with curved surface.Because show that in the space three-dimensional body only needs to express object surfaces with pixel and gets final product, needn't comprehend its inside.For example Figure 15 is shown in and shows a rectangular parallelepiped in the space, only needs to show that with pixel its six surfaces get final product (three surperficial 151-153 draw among the figure), and its inner pixel is not all used.This speciality is that two dimensional display is unexistent.This characteristics let us can utilize and be positioned at the following unnecessary pixel of object surfaces, the colour or the gray scale of coming the increment surface.Its method is the data with the colored curved surface of desire demonstration, is decomposed into the data of several times curved surface.Each time curved surface respectively is a different color, but shape is similar to former curved surface.In the video picture space, that each time curved surface is closely superimposed then, can reappear the colour of former curved surface.The method is particularly suitable for using the display of colour element group.As Figure 16, left illustrate three-dimension curved surface data 21 and the surface a part of data point 22.Certain moving screen position in a flash of plane 20 expression, the common factor face of itself and three-dimension curved surface promptly be at that time should projection picture.The 23 a fraction of enlarged drawings of face that for this reason occur simultaneously, four pieces little sides' point 24-27 represents the surface of curved surface on it, and W represents white.How the right-hand signal of Figure 16 shows the color of former three-dimension curved surface with time curved surface in the video picture space.At first, with the data of colored curved surface, be decomposed into curved surface three times, as 162R, 162G shown in the 162B, is respectively redgreenblue.Then in the video picture space, with each time curved surface tight superimposed 162.163 is the enlarged drawing of the picture of projection on certain screen moment, shown in its position correspondence 23.Pixel 162B-1,162B-2,162B-3 are all the part of time curved surface 162B, and other pixel then adheres to the part of time curved surface 162R and 162G separately.Three times the curved surface color mixes the color of reappearing former curved surface mutually.Pixel 162R-1 (red) for example, 162G-1 (green), 162B-1 (indigo plant) blendes together white mutually, the color of promptly corresponding former data point 24.
The above time curved surface explicit representation, though can increase the thickness of curved surface, little to the negative effect of the visual effect of stereoscopic three-dimensional image.At first, the pixel of increase is the inner face at body surface.Secondly, under most situations, the superimposed direction of observer's sight line and time curved surface is close, and superimposed thickness is more not remarkable under this visual angle.If as long as display gray scale, then each time curved surface can be all white or other monochrome, display panel or screen order do not need the colour element group yet.The picture element density of curved surface distribution each time is also different everywhere, so can show intensity profile difference everywhere after superimposed.
More than using time curved surface to show the method for curved surface colour or gray scale, is a kind of basic skills that shows stereoscopic three-dimensional image, therefore can be applicable to any stereoscopic three-dimensional image display, is not limited to the described hardware unit of the application's case.
If image forming appts uses three display panels with colour element group, and three colour pictures are overlapping, nature can have more broken colour.
The stereoscopic three-dimensional image display can improve system's man-machine interface via attachment device, allows the user with more natural mode and stereoscopic three-dimensional image interaction.One of desirable interaction mode is to allow the user stretch in the video picture space with hand or hand device, directly refers to, touches, and handles 3-D view.Figure 17 illustrates one of device example of this kind " accessible " system.This device combines stereoscopic three-dimensional display 1800 with a big concave mirror 1820.The video picture space 1810 of stereoscopic three-dimensional display places near concave mirror optical axis 1821 places, outside the focus f.According to optical imaging concept, the stereoscopic three-dimensional image in the video picture space can become a real image, floats near aerial 1850 of concave mirror optical axis.This real image also is a stereoscopic three-dimensional, seem just as jump out concave mirror outside.User 1870 can load onto three-dimensional localization and input media 1860 on hand or finger, through the calculating of counter 1880 and program, promptly can stretch into stereoscopic three-dimensional image by hand, can directly refer to, touches, and handles three-dimensional data.Three-dimensional localization and input media can be 3 D positioning systems, a hand-held three-D measurer, or the three-dimensional I/O device (force feedback hapticdevice) of FORCE FEEDBACK.
Two of the installation method of Figure 18 signal " accessible " man-machine system.The user hands an executor 1970, and this executor has " virtual terminal " 1971." virtual terminal " and incorporeity only define its geometric form with numerical data, and with the geometric parameter one definition of executor, as icon.Executor is connected on the positioning system 1960, therefore, the position that counter 1980 can be known executor at any time and seat to.When any part that records " virtual terminal " when positioning system and counter has entered video picture space 1912, the counter program promptly according to the position of executor and seat to, the part that " virtual terminal " is entered the video picture space is processed into view data, at the position display of the video picture space correspondence 1971a that comes out.So, but " virtual terminal " of user's mat executor enters the video picture space, just as with hand.The three-dimensional I/O device of FORCE FEEDBACK can combine with described system, makes executor become " virtual tool ".As Figure 18, executor can be one " virtual tweezers ", and two point of applications 1972 and 1973 are arranged, and the user can two point of application application of forces of two finger manipulations." virtual terminal " then may be defined as two arms 1971 of tweezers, can move with user's application of force.Use suitable counter program and digital model, the user can " pick up " surface 1990 of a virtual human body tissue then with these virtual tweezers.More than the method for " virtual terminal " and " virtual tool " also can be used for the system of Figure 17 naturally.
Claims (18)
1. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) imaging plane is rotated around an axis, and keep this imaging plane in the face of a fixed-direction;
(2) on described imaging plane, show one group of two dimensional image picture in order continuously;
(3) make the motion of described imaging plane form a video picture space, described two-dimensional picture is the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order, makes many two-dimensional pictures of all video pictures in the space form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image by the persistence of vision effect.
2. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described imaging plane is the display of an active illuminating, as dot matrix LEDs or polymer LED display.
3. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described imaging plane is a screen, described two-dimensional picture by the projection pattern video picture on screen.
4. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described projection pattern also comprises an image transfer step, and this image transfer step does not change the image frame, its size and the focusing situation that are projected on the screen because of screen motion.
5. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described projection pattern and image transfer step are used one group of varifocal light spare, and its focal length changes by the screen position change; Described zoom light spare comprises a Zoom lens or a varifocal recessed plano-convex catoptron.
6. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the image transfer step is used one group of removable catoptron, and its position changes by the screen position change.
7. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the move mode of removable catoptron is the straight line back and forth movement.
8. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the move mode of removable catoptron keeps mirror surface to a fixed-direction for around an axis rotation during rotation.
9. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the move mode of described removable catoptron is to use one group of pivot arm mechanism to drive catoptron.
10. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the move mode of removable catoptron is for rotating around an axis, and the right direction of mirror surface becomes cyclical movement during rotation, to cooperate the shift in position of screen.
11. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 10 is characterized in that: the move mode of described removable catoptron is to use one group of pivot arm mechanism to drive catoptron.
12. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the move mode of described removable catoptron is to use one group of pivot arm mechanism to drive catoptron, and this group pivot arm mechanism also drives the motion of screen simultaneously.
13. a stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) shows one group of two dimensional image picture in order continuously;
(2) by an image transfer step with described two dimensional image image projection on a reciprocating imaging plane, the image frame, its size and the focusing situation that are projected on the imaging plane are not changed because of the imaging plane motion; Described image transfer step is used one group around axis revolution but the catoptron of not rotation, and its position changes by the imaging plane shift in position; Or using one group of projection arrangement of forgiving a varifocal recessed plano-convex catoptron, its focal length changes by the imaging plane shift in position;
(3) make the motion of described imaging plane form a video picture space, described two-dimensional picture is the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order, makes many two-dimensional pictures of all video pictures in the space form a stereoscopic three-dimensional image by the persistence of vision effect.
14. stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing according to claim 13 is characterized in that: described imaging plane comprises the common factor plane of a projection screen or a planar light beam and a photochromics.
15. a stereoscopic three-dimensional image display packing is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) shows one group of monochromatic two dimensional image picture in order continuously;
(2) with described two dimensional image image projection on the screen of a fast moving; Described screen has colour element picture group case, and aforementioned monochromatic two dimensional image projection is on it, becomes the color 2 D image and is presented on the screen;
(3) make the motion of described screen form a video picture space, described color 2 D image frame is the diverse location video picture in the video picture space in order, makes many color 2 D pictures of all video pictures in the space form a color solid 3-D view by the persistence of vision effect.
16. one kind shows with stereoscopic three-dimensional image and the method for the curved surface with colour or gray scale it is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) with the data of described curved surface, be decomposed into the data of several times curved surface, each time curved surface respectively has a different color or different picture element densities to distribute, but shape is similar to former curved surface;
(2) with the data of described curved surface, be presented in the video picture space, and make the stereoscopic three-dimensional image of described each time curved surface closely superimposed with stereoscopic three-dimensional image.
17. one kind stereoscopic three-dimensional image display device is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) one can show the device of stereoscopic three-dimensional image;
(2) one concave mirrors; And
(3) one three-dimensional localization and input medias.
18. the method with the stereoscopic three-dimensional image interaction is characterized in that it comprises:
(1) use a stereoscopic three-dimensional display to show a stereoscopic three-dimensional image;
(2) use an executor to hold usefulness for the user;
(3) define the geometric parameter of the virtual terminal of described executor with numerical data;
(4) use a three-dimensional localization and input media, the position of the described executor of real-time measurement and seat to;
(5) position of calculating described virtual terminal and seat to;
(6) with described virtual terminal by its position with the seat to, be shown in the described stereoscopic three-dimensional display;
(7) with the image of the described virtual terminal of counter routine processes and the interaction of described stereoscopic three-dimensional image.
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| JP2001318189A JP2002268136A (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2001-10-16 | Stereoscopic 3d image display |
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| CN1328626C (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2007-07-25 | 浙江大学 | Volumetric imaging method based on mirror image sequence and its display |
| CN102200684A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-28 | 昆盈企业股份有限公司 | Method for taking three-dimensional image |
| CN101641964B (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2012-01-18 | 独立行政法人情报通信研究机构 | Mid-air video interaction device and its program |
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