CN1358392A - Direct broadcast satellite imaging system and method providing real-time, continuous monitoring of earth from grostationary earth orbit - Google Patents

Abstract

A system, method and apparatus for collecting and distributing real-time, high resolution images of the Earth (302) from GEO include an electro-optical sensor based on multimegapixel two-dimensional charge coupled device (CCD) arrays mounted on a geostationary platform. At least four, three-axis stabilized satellites (300, 314) in Geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) provide worldwide coverage, excluding the poles. Image data that is collected at approximately 1 frame/sec, is broadcast over high-capacity communication links (306) (roughly 15 MHz bandwidth) providing real-time global coverage of the Earth at sub-kilometer resolutions directly to end users. This data may be distributed globally from each satellite through a system of space and ground telecommunication links. Each satellite carries at least two electro-optical imaging systems that operate at visible wavelengths so as to provide uninterrupted views of the Earth's full disk and coverage at sub-kilometer spatial resolutions of most or selected portions of the Earth's surface.

Description

Provide from real-time, the continuous earth monitoring of geosynchronous earth orbit and the live imaging satellite system and device and the method for related service

Technical field

The present invention relates to carry out method, system and the service of earth global observation in real time, wherein refer in real time, produce, upgrade and distribute the delay of each image to be no more than two minutes altogether to be lower than the km spatial resolution.Particularly, the object of the invention is to provide the methods, devices and systems of at least 70% the real-time covering that can observe earth surface under the spatial resolution that is lower than 1 km.The invention still further relates to meteorological warning system and other and the relevant warning system of light visual information that is obtained by the earth and the observation of near-earth ball, this observation monitors by nature or human short-term and the change in long term that causes and impact atmosphere, land and the marine environment of human society various aspects.Quote the application of the special innovation of data and service as proof, comprise land, ocean and natural resource management, national security and as the wide spectrum of human leisure such as amusement and transportation (traffic) management and work correlated activation.

Background technology

Presents comprises the theme that relates to following patent application: serial number is 09/344,358, the applying date be June 25 in 1999 day, be called " be used to provide from geosynchronous earth orbit in real time, the live imaging satellite system and device and the method for earth monitoring continuously " pendent U.S. Patent application; Serial number is 60/192,893, the applying date be March 29 in 2000 day, be called " be used to provide from geosynchronous earth orbit in real time, the live imaging satellite system and device and the method for earth monitoring continuously " U.S. Provisional Patent Application; And serial number is 60/205,155, the applying date be 200 year May 18 day, be called " be used to provide from geosynchronous earth orbit in real time, the live imaging satellite system and device and the method for earth monitoring and related service continuously " U.S. Provisional Patent Application, here by with reference to the content that merges each application in these patent applications.It number is the priority date of 60/192,893 and 60/205,155 U.S. Provisional Patent Application that the present invention also requires said sequence.

Over nearly 30 years, since first weather monitoring satellite being placed on the geo-stationary orbit (GEO), various satellite systems have been used to monitor the feature of the earth.Reason is if the GEO track is in the earth equatorial plane, and then the relative motion of the earth and satellite is zero on GEO.Therefore, can obtain to fall into the interior earth surface of satellite coverage and the coherent image of atmosphere.

On the Western Hemisphere, the data that provided by synchronous working environmental satellite (GOES) series that used by national marine and air management office (NOAA) are provided weather forecast method.GOES series is by respectively at prototype " Advanced Technology System " 1 and 3 (ATS-1 ,-3) development of 1966 and 1967 emission and come.These have had scanning imaging system with all follow-up systems, and this scanning imaging system can produce the earth (full disk) image totally with 1 km resolution in 20-30 minute.

Up-to-date GOES satellite (8,9,10) has 3 stabilizer shafts, and each satellite is observed the earth with 1 panchromatic visible wavelengths and 4 Infrared wavelength.This visual imaging system adopts " flying spot " (flying spot) scanning technique, when mirror along Dong-Xi Henan-when northern diaxon moves, the little vertical orientation unit (vertically oriented element) that 8 of row are arranged vertically the complete visual scene (the full field of regard of instrument) of silicon pixel is passed in scanning.The single pixel visual field is approximately 30 microradians.Each scene unit is the only sampling under 50 microseconds.For supporting such slow scanning method, GOES satellite payload stability must be high, makes and almost between arbitrary scan line of sampling relative motion does not take place.Therefore, the calibration offset of pay(useful) load aiming in whole 1 second continues to scan is no more than 1/3 pixel.Owing to there is the scan line more than 1300 to produce overall image, therefore will spend 22 minutes produces this full images.Can use the GOES system to limit the regional extent of scanning, observe faster covering to change into totally than the frequency of zonule.By any selection, finished once sampling totally in actual per three hours, with the sampling of the faster frequency of carrying out the Northern Hemisphere or north and south, equator middle part latitude; 15 and 30 minutes of every zone gray scale and the infrared views between at interval are provided respectively." supper-fast scan operation " (SRSO) in, with about per minute speed once sampled in the localized area.In fact, seldom use the SESO operation, because big zone covers extremely important and can not for a long time need not.In addition, can discover less than the great incident that in covering, takes place based on the earth through the specific region.In other words, when occasion occurs in another when zone, satellite sensor does not have the part of major event detecting earth surface.In addition, known to the present inventor, the phenomenon that occurs in night only can be seen at infrared channel.Infrared channel also has the resolution more much lower than visual channel, also is subjected to same restriction intrinsic in the scanning system.

The GOES satellite provides the system that is suitable for monitoring the cloud layer motion most, but is unsuitable for observing other geographic event.Therefore on visible wavelengths, cloud layer is the mirror that enough diffusions shine upon, and presents and have the whites that the various brightness of regarding shade of gray as change.Strengthened the contrast of earth surface background and the colour of visibility, actual have the cloud layer visibility of damaging in scene.In addition, add colour and can make amount of information increase by three times, thereby make desired stored digital of this sampled images and broadcasting amount increase by three times, this improves cost, actual size and the remote measurement bandwidth of satellite system.In addition, occur in second or minute markers in the observation of phenomenon (as violent weather event, volcano, thunder and lightning bombardment or meteor) of great but transition may postpone or not observe at all.Therefore, the information that is provided by the satellite as the GOES system can not provide " supervision " to serve with the high temporary transient and spatial resolution of the real time information of secure report earth surface pith.And, if the cloud layer between image pattern motion than big many of Pixel Dimensions, then " video " form circulation that is produced by the consecutive image with low temporary transient resolution lacks the continuity that real authentic communication need be provided.Temporary transient correlation between the aligned together pixel between the pixel of scan image and consecutive image can prolong at interval and reduce along with elapsed time between time that requires to produce image and the scanning.These effects produce significant adverse effect to the fidelity of any " image " of demonstration given time earth state, adopt the continuous aligned together scan image of given area to set up cartoon making but be particularly harmful to.

With reference to Fig. 1, shown the overlay area that the various meteorological satellites in GOES outer end.The GMS-5 that is positioned at 140 ° of east longitudes is the meteorological satellite of Japan, and the area of coverage of demonstration has covered the Southeast Asia and the Australia area in the world.FY (Feng-Yang) satellite of China is positioned at 140 ° of east longitudes, has shown the zone with the overlapping substantially covering of GMS-5 satellite.The METEOSTAT-6 satellite of european space agency is positioned at 0 ° of track, requires permission decoding and three days distribution behind the limiting observation thus.Compare mutually, GOES, GMS and FY satellite have open reception and the distribution by the Internet circuit of being provided with funds by NASA.Other satellite of execution same operation comprises the INSAT-1D of India, is positioned at 74 ° of east longitudes, and russian system, and GOMS/ELECTRO does not work at present as yet.The common trait of these different satellite systems is that they have adopted rotation sweep or scanning to need 25 minutes to three hours to obtain the visual imaging system of the overall image of the earth.In addition, each system is with various spatial resolution record visual images, and all resolution all are lower than the GOES that nadir point 1 km resolution is provided.

In the past, different individuals and organizations proposed multiple suggestion and placed video camera on the large commercial communication satellite that is positioned at GEO.In each case, video camera is as dominant parasitic device work, and wherein video camera can adopt the power of satellite and communication subsystem to satisfy its need of work.Up-to-date and the most detailed example is that Hughes information technology companies (Hughes Information TechnologyCorporation) provides, and the said firm is the preceding subsidiary of Hughes aircraft company (Hughes AircraftCompany) and MITRE company.Below these examples will be described.

Hughes Proposal motion is explained as called after " EarthCam ", " StormCam " and " GEM " (Geostationary Earth Monitor geosynchronous earth orbit) with various, and comprise that television imaging system, this system adopt bidimensional charge-coupled device (charge coupled device) detector array to produce the image of wide 756 pixels, high 484 pixels in the time interval that changed between 2 minutes to 8 minutes.The frame speed of this TV-type video camera is determined by the restriction of the compression in the not enough 1-5Kpb auxiliary data channel capacity of satellite.Hughes Proposal motion explanation is gone up at the commercial telecommunication satellite (COMSAT) of the one or more Hughes that let fly away and is placed numeral.This parasitism the dynamically working that provided by COMSAT will be provided and by the auxiliary telemetry link of low data speed data be sent to Hughes terrestrial operation center.Data then are assigned to each user from this individual command and control appliance.

System recommendations adopt and to be placed on the video camera of letting fly away on the Hughes satellite of 305 ° of 71 ° in west longitude, 101 ° in west longitude, 30 ° of east longitudes and east longitudes.Data arrive the terminal use by ground line or communication satellite lane assignment after receiving and handling.Single visual imaging system adopts the work of varifocal pattern, obtains 1 km spatial resolution with box lunch when the hemisphere view is synthesized in lower resolution image foundation.

As previously mentioned, by the system of Hughes suggestion aspect its video camera source and the communication system infrastructure relevant for the defective of following three attributes.System by the Hughes suggestion does not provide realtime graphic (as herein defined) owing to the delay between the frame.Another defective is because the time interval between the frame and slow data speed and one point data receive and distributing equipment can not be distributed realtime graphic in real time.In addition, the defective by the system of Hughes suggestion is that it can not provide hemisphere (totally) in real time.This restriction is because limited telemeter channel capacity, limited video camera design and the time that requires to produce synthetic overall image.Therefore, as previously mentioned, can not strengthen the importance of the foundation structure that the synthetic overall image of realtime graphic, distribution realtime graphic and real-time edition can be provided by the system of Hughes suggestion.

In nineteen ninety-five, MITRE company has published the achievement in research of finishing in 1993.This achievement in research has been checked the use of parasitic instrument on commercial communication satellite, and purpose is to increase government's meteorological satellite and is provided for low cost test and the mechanism of senior governmental environmental monitoring system development.The result of study detailed inspection of finishing by MITRE the application of million pixels of the synchronous imaging satellite of development, bidimensional, ccd array recently.This result of study has satisfactorily resolved and can adopt ccd array that capacity is greatly increased.Although studied greatly the ccd array to 4096 * 4096 when studying, the authoritative sources recognizes that 1024 * 1024 arrays are can be for the most realistic size of using at that time.

Considered the ccd array application of two kinds of unique types, time delay integration (TDI) and " stepping-watch attentively " are as the selection of selecting of tradition " rotation-scanning " or " flying spot " imaging technique.The TDI method can be regarded as the improvement of " flying spot ", has wherein adopted asymmetric two-dimensional array, and promptly 128 * 1024, thus reduced Dong-Xi scanning amount with the major axis vertical orientation.In this technology,, improved signal-right-noise level to each geographical scene unit sampling 128 times.But communication satellite is more unsettled platform.Owing to adopt the single pixel integration time that belongs to microsecond, the athletic meeting of space craft in the accumulation that surpasses 100 samplings reduces the spatial resolution in any scene unit.This effect is called as " pixel-expansion " except make navigation and location variation owing to offset of scan lines.Image spreading in the long time of integration also reduces or hinders low-light level or night in visible wavelengths to observe.

" stepping-watch attentively " method is thought optimization technique in MITRE research.Bidimensional ccd array in this technology is used to catch a part of earth image.Light aiming is to pass " stepping " earth surface, that increase progressively with the amount of each step field of regard no better than.The overlapping continuity of navigation and the correctness of location of having guaranteed.Owing to have suitable but outstanding satellite stability, frame time can be brought up to microsecond and not lose navigation or localization criteria or picture quality so that obtain the susceptibility that requires.

The array (1024 * 512) that is lower than million pixels is used in the suggestion of MITRE result of study.Because residence time/frame, can be in a few minutes produce whole synthetic overall image under 500 meters spatial resolutions by the mosaic figure of nearly 1200 frames with about 150 microseconds.Produce the 150 microsecond times used the longest time for exposure of daylight hypograph far below maximum ccd array.In addition, moderately stable satellite does not have anything to move in the short like this time interval, thereby has reduced pixel-expansion.In order to guarantee the covering of full earth surface, the lap of frame is limited by the stability of satellite.This stepping-watch technology attentively to make the frame in south-north or Dong-Xi line carry out stepping, all pixels in the exposed array simultaneously.This has guaranteed the accurate location and the navigation of image pixel.

According to MITRE research, the time between the frame in 500 meters resolution mosaic images of the earth is 3 minutes (equaling to need to produce mosaic figure required time).As previously mentioned, in this 3 minute time interval, the mobile meeting of institute's observed object such as cloud layer and plume causes that the target appearance shape changes in discontinuous mode.The continuity of Continuous Observation can suffer damage or cover to reduce " (seamless) continuously " with the proportional amount of target velocity that causes the obvious change of shape.This reduction is called as image blurring or reduces more obviously when the time lengthening between the frame, impels the time decreased that produces overall mosaic figure like this.

As previously mentioned, owing to have enough stability, the shutter of CCD imaging system is stayed open to collect more light improve poor brightness performance.In MITRE research, there not be attention in the stepping of imaging at night-watch attentively the special influence of ccd array in the scanning.Find as the inventor,, can not carry out the low-light level imaging by reducing stepping rate and making camera coverage reside in scheduled time amount on the field of regard in its emission light time of gathering.In MITRE research, the time exposure meeting that obtains the imaging capability at night extends to 24 hours with the overall image required time of the earth, or about time identical with the flying spot technology.In addition, total importance of being familiar with less than acquisition image at night or the required mechanism of acquisition image, thereby also just can not realize these images and mechanism.In MITRE studies, by in the spacecraft remote measurement, embedding low data speed or using the direct receiving station of one of satellite repeater to realize data allocations by preemption.When focusing on overall imaging, do not consider it is to propagate live data or global metadata especially.

In nineteen ninety-five, Goddard space research center (Space Flight Center) announces to be called " the synchronous advanced techniques environmental system of GEO (Synchronous Advanced TechnologyEnvironmental System) " result of study (GATES), expects that this result of study causes having the development of the small satellite system of " push away and sweep (push broom) " scanning linearity ccd array imaging device.This system is that the continuous sweep of visual earth dish is carried out in the motion that utilizes the attitude control system by satellite to cause.When the linear array visual field stepping that makes video camera from north orientation south when in about 10 minutes, obtaining scan full hard disk, the attitude control momenttum wheel of satellite rotates back and forth whole system 12 times.This system's employing is similar to but the length more much longer than 8 pel arrays of GOES is the one-dimensional linear ccd array " flying spot " of 1024 pixels.

As previously mentioned, being limited in of GATES system can not have the image alive can not be in the imaging at night.Data are distributed by single receiving station by Internet.The neither one system that is limited in of Hughes suggesting system for wearing, MITRE system and GATES system can recognize to be provided the global real-time continuous detectability that can be obtained by geosynchronous earth orbit and correlation between the high-definition picture is provided.To a certain extent, being limited in the neither one device " supervision " high-resolution imaging function can reliably be provided of all devices, this function can provide to the long-distance user and occur in earth surface or near the real time data of the dynamic situation of earth surface.Common high-resolution imaging system

Now concise and to the point statement is from the technology light sensing state of space, comprises from the Low Earth Orbit of watching the earth (LEO) remote detecting system with based on the example of the observatory of space.DMSP

U.s.a. military affairs defence meteorological satellite plan (U.S.Military ' s DefenseMeteorology Satellite Program) (DMSP) operates in two meteorological satellite systems of the sun synchronization polar region, height above sea level 840km (equator 0600 and 1100 intersects) track, and the multispectral image of earth surface is provided with following spatial resolution:

Panchromatic bands of a spectrum (Panchromatic Band) at 550 meters.

Hot IR bands of a spectrum (Thermal IR Band) at 2700 km places.

Other related satellite platform identity is:

The comprehensive area of coverage of image: 3000km swath

Having reaction wheel and torque tube adds and 3 stabilizer shafts of star sensor is used to obtain 0.01 pointing accuracy of spending.

Mass of system: 770kg.

S-is with data circuit, the bandwidth that has: 5MHZ or 5MbpsLANDSAT-7

NASA LANDSAT-7 is the earth remote detecting system that is positioned at the sun synchronization polar region, on the height above sea level 705km (intersecting in 1000 equator) track, and the multispectral image of earth surface is provided with following resolution:

Panchromatic bands of a spectrum at 15 meters.

Multispectral (six visual nearly IR bands of a spectrum) at 30 meters

Hot IR bands of a spectrum at 60 meters

Other related satellite platform identity is:

The comprehensive area of coverage of image: 183 * 170km

Have the employing reaction wheel of 0.015 degree pointing accuracy and 3 stabilizer shafts of torque tube.

Mass of system: 2200kg

X is with data circuit, and the bandwidth that has is: 300MHZ or 300Mbps

Or in the future space and the temporary transient resolution around the commercial remote detecting system of orbital motion is similar to this two systems usually.For example, SeaWiFS is that some is similar to the DMSP system, and the IKONOS of aerial image is similar to LANDSAT-7 a bit.

If one of these systems move to GEO, spatial resolution performance can not enough 10m.The difference of the spatial resolution ability of these systems almost completely is because its about 50: 1 respective rail height above sea level is poor.But the neither one system works by this way in the LEO system, even it provides the super-temporary transient image in different resolution of earth surface.The overall mosaic figure of this Capability Requirement sweep mechanism compiling earth.

U.s.a. military affairs defence support project (U.S.Military ' s Defense SupportProgram) (DSP) operates in unknown spatial resolution the early stage light of satellite (infrared ray) warning system among the GEO of earth infrared view is provided.But key instrument is done the 6rpm rotation to set up the image that adopts 6000 unit IR detector arrays by 3.6 rice diameter Schmidt telescopes are combined with spacecraft.It may be 6 times/minute that image revisits frequency.By supposing that system works is 1 micron or 10 microns resolution that limit this system.

Because scanning imaging system is operated in nearly IR bands of a spectrum (1.0 microns), its theoretical maximum spatial resolution is no more than 0.278urads, or about 10 meters.In this case, 6000 array imaging systems have the swath width of 60km.Owing to adopt raster scanning system, be no more than per 35 minutes and just can produce overall image.

Owing to adopt the scanning imaging system be operated in hot IR bands of a spectrum (10.0 microns), its resolution is no more than 2.78urads or about 100 meters.In this case, 6000 array imaging systems have the swath width of 600km.Owing to adopt raster scanning system, be no more than per 3.5 minutes and just can produce overall image.

Other related satellite platform identity is:

Image covers comprehensively: from the top

Rotational stabilization: adopt the zero momentum of the reverse 6RPM rotation of reaction wheel and spacecraft stable.

Mass of system: 2386kg

Data circuit band and capacity the unknown

Although dsp system can form the superspace imaging capability, if particularly be operated in optical wavelength, the actual improvement that on temporary transient resolution, is not better than the GOES system.During as hot IR working sensor, can obtain the super-resolution performance, but the wave-length coverage of sampling with require earth surface in the observation of the visual or near IR band of light to detect to use not to have what relation.For in the optical wavelength imaging, dsp system does not have many million pixel ccd array and stable advantage of watching platform attentively.Hubble space telescope (HST)

The Hubble space telescope is the large-scale astronomical observation system that is operated in light wave.It occupies equatorial orbit, 28 ° of height above sea level 590km, inclinations.According to pointing accuracy and spatial resolution, HST defines the state of this technology.

Wide territory planet video camera 2 (WFPC2) wide mode: 17 meters

8 meters of wide territory planet video camera 2 (WFPC2) narrow modes

Other related satellite-platform identity is:

The comprehensive area of coverage of image: 27.2 * 27.2km wide mode

The comprehensive area of coverage of image: 6.4 * 6.4km narrow mode

3 stabilizer shafts, employing have the zero momentum deviation control system of the reaction wheel of 0.007arc-sec pointing accuracy.Rate gyroscope is big-movement and the high-frequency (＞1Hz) orientation sensor of aiming control.Under lower frequency, the accurate orientation sensor of light (FGS) has sighting stabilization.(0.007arc-sec=1.9 (6) °=34 millimicro radians)

Mass of system: 10863kg.

S-is with data circuit, has bandwidth: 512KHz or 512Kbps

But HST is equipped with Optical devices, is used to observe celestial body, and is not used in earth imaging.The telescope of HST is facing to the space rather than the earth.Like this, the superspace imaging of earth surface is neither planned also not use the Hubble space telescope to carry out.

Summary of the invention

Below the feature of selecting of the present invention is summarized, should be seen as complete the compiling of all systems of the present invention, apparatus and method feature.Title is that the part of " preferred embodiment detailed description " in conjunction with the accompanying drawings will the present invention will be described in more detail.

The purpose of this invention is to provide and be used for distributing to the mthods, systems and devices that are positioned on the earth Anywhere around earth real-time collecting hemisphere scale image with this image to be lower than km resolution.

Another purpose provides the real-time continuous image collection of electrical-optical (mainly be visible, also have infrared ray and ultraviolet ray) wavelength, comprises colour information.

Another purpose is to provide real-time covering from whole may observe earth of geo-stationary orbit platform to be lower than km resolution in conjunction with overall and/or global composograph.

Another object of the present invention provides real-time whole world distribution overall in real time and/or that make up global view, comprises the imaging at night.

Another object of the present invention provides in the covering based on the work of the geographical phenomenon under the simultaneous observation level of high spatial and temporary transient resolution video camera, this video camera also observe about or because the feature of mankind's activity on the earth, comprise night light, big fire, space shuttle emission and return the tail and the huge explosion of the moving of big marine vessel, aircraft.

Another object of the present invention provides with becoming fast the ability of frame system by geo-stationary orbit continuous monitoring incident, wherein this incident comprise the torrential rain system motion every day, day/night terminator migration, night lighting, mainly forest fires, volcanic eruption, season change color, the bimonthly variation of the moon, solar eclipse and the earth be subjected to the bump of fireball every day.

Another object of the present invention provides the super-resolution mode of operation, and wherein Sao Miao the whole visual earth surface or the zone of selection are scanned, and is used to provide 10m or lower resolution.Such high-resolution data is used for by discerning land and ocean agricultural and the resource management applications of real-time crops or materials safety and mensuration (feed stockhealth and location).Traffic use comprise the marine and terrestrial environment information of identification and in the air, the observable feature of ocean and land craft, form information resources thus and be used for radio traffic administration and the service of detouring.

Another object of the present invention provides real-time weather event and collects service, analyzes and distributes real time information to the terminal use, and this user can benefit from the real time information that provides like this.In one embodiment of the invention, can provide central service, be used for when meteorologic effect relates to the exchange of commodities, providing real time data about meteorologic effect.In another embodiment, provide about the data of traffic route and be subjected to the particular course of specific meteorological interference.In another embodiment of the present invention, provide from the reallocation of the data of Meteorological Services, so that effectively distribution load is to avoid the incident relevant with meteorology to help communal facility (electric power industry).In another embodiment; the data flow of using offers insurance supplier and local authorities understanding; so that the warning resident protects themselves and its property; thereby at utmost alleviate meteorological to requiring the influence of specific region insurance amount always; therefore, also can provide data to help insurance company's appraisal meteorological activity and bring loss and Resources allocation.In another embodiment of the present invention, on central facilities, analyze real-time meteorological data, and real-time meteorological data used with rerouting even airport as meteorological function detour.By this way, meteorologic model is more accurate to the accuracy and the remolding sensitivity conventional method of real time data, and conventional method is not with the basis of time as the delta data speed of meteorologic model parameter.

Above-mentioned comprising based on the electrical-optical transducer that is installed in many-million pixel bidimensional charge coupled device (CCD) arrays on the step platform with other purpose employing of the present invention realizes.Particularly, ccd array is installed on each unit of aggregate of four three axis stabilized satellites that are arranged in geosynchronous earth orbit at least.The view data of collecting with about 1 frame/sec goes up broadcasting at large-capacity communication circuit (about 15MHZ bandwidth/video camera), and this circuit directly provides the real-time whole world of the earth to cover to the terminal use with the resolution that is lower than km.These data can be carried out the whole world by each passing of satelline space and ground telecommunication line and be distributed.Each satellite carries at least two electrical-optical imaging systems, and this imaging system is operated on the visible wavelengths so that provide the km spatial resolution that is lower than of the overall successive views of the earth and or selection part most of with earth surface to cover.Identical GEO satellite can also be equipped with the ultraviolet ray and infrared ray sensor to increase visual imaging system data.The whole earth surface that transducer on each satellite provides can center on clock, arrived by the GEO position of each satellite under various spaces, spectrum and temporary transient resolution continuously in real time (as 1 frame/sec, preferably be no more than 2 minute time of delay up to data incoming terminal user) image, cover continuously so that guarantee.

When the spatial resolution that provides by more slightly bringing up to when thin, the appointment visual field of each the visible light imaging system on the given satellite is less by becoming more greatly.The wideest visual field that is provided by each 2-D CCD imaging system is fixed and to surround the earth of being seen by GEO (17.3 °) overall.Other imaging system freely aims in the field of regard in the wideest zone of institute's using system and resident or scanning.Finish stepping-watch attentively scanning and produce the overall hemisphere scale mosaic image of the earth in real time, guarantee the most accurate image-guidance and location simultaneously with possible high spatial resolution.Each satellite comprises one of X-band and KA-band communications transponder at least, and radiation makes the data area of coverage that directly Anywhere terminal use broadcasts in the satellite sight line.Antenna can be paraboloidal reflector or phased (phased) array antenna that provides single bundle or multi beam to cover.

Adopt between at least three commercial communication satellites, the imaging satellite cross link or even based on the data transport network on ground or based on the transponder bandwidth of renting on the network of the communication composition of assets in space, distribute real time data in addition in " sight line " of satellite.

Another object of the present invention is providing about image-forming information specific terrain surface specifications, time or process and served use by tellurian information propagation based on space system of the high temporary transient resolution of employing, superspace resolution.A kind of such service be landwards, the sea and air vehicles owner and operator provide relevant environmental aspect, preferred routes, the vehicles follow the tracks of or even transportation path (road, course line and sail line) on the traffic management information service of information of the degree of crowding (permission of visibility state).

The application of traffic administration largely depends on spatial resolution.Under thicker spatial resolution, the prime focus of the GEO earth monitoring system of being advised is the live data of collecting on the environmental aspect that influences all types traffic.Even but under coarse resolution, under bright ambient condition, also have an opportunity to observe independent aerial, land and sea traffic instrument, because these vehicles exert an influence to the medium that passes through for its navigation.Mechanical transport on not paving can the group of kicking up a dust, aircraft can stay apparent tail and steamer produces big flight path and passes through to show it.When spatial resolution improves, can detect the independent vehicles, can really realize the tracking of living of its position and local course line state.

In super-spatial resolution configuration, the GEO satellite is used for detecting individual vehicle in satellite light viewing area, observes the eparterial condition of road surface of any given transportation and the relative volume of traffic.Can adopt the resolution that is lower than instant request service selected area to be carried out imaging, perhaps can also carry out imaging by scan operation in real-time mode.

Further feature of the present invention is to provide meteorological warning system by electronic media such as e-mail or switched Internet.In when, in the specific geographical area special weather event taking place when, be used to handle serving institute's service-user and can receiving electronic warning or the e-mail message that control centre produces of the optical information collected in the space, this control centre directly is received from the satellite information of imaging satellite.

By imaging system between real-time empty start to select a service be to provide meteorological data and traffic administration service to marine user.This information or directly by satellite broadcasting perhaps can also or be utilized the communication system of LEO by quick broadcast source such as terrestrial broadcasting.

Description of drawings

Carry out following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and can be easier to complete understanding the present invention and many advantages of the present invention, wherein:

Fig. 1 is that the meteorological satellite of several conventional satellites covers chart;

Fig. 2 is the view of the composograph of the each several part image of the first seven image stepping-watch attentively (step-stare) operation of a scanning sequency and these seven images;

Fig. 3 is the view of synchronously real-time high-resolution imaging of the present invention and data distribution system;

Fig. 4 is the block diagram of system that adopts in the GEO satellite image of the present invention processing section

Fig. 5 is the aggregate location drawing that shows 4 satellite aggregates of the present invention and 3 satellite communication sections;

Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 5, but comprises 5 imaging satellites;

Fig. 7 shows that the part ground of 3-satellite of the present invention, 4-satellite and 5-satellite covers the graph of a relation of (Fractional Earth Coverage) and nadir (Nadir) resolution;

Fig. 8 is the decomposition view of imaging satellite part of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the block diagram that comprises assembly in the controller that is provided with on the synchronous imaging satellite of the present invention;

Figure 10 a, 10b and 10c are by the highway vertical view of seeing on the GEO satellite with superspace resolution of traffic jam in various degree that has;

Figure 11 receives the block diagram that the ground based terminal of information service also is provided according to the information that is provided by satellite from the information of satellite;

Figure 12 is the flow chart that produces the process of transportation management (comprising environmental aspect and the traffic congestion) information of distributing to navigation system and motorist;

Figure 13 is the data structure of the observed transportation management of GEO synchronous satellite (comprising environmental aspect and the traffic congestion) information of report-spatial resolution ability super by having;

Figure 14 is the process flow diagram that is used to receive and use transportation management (comprising environmental information and the traffic congestion) information about effective route selection;

Figure 15 is marine and the meteorological warning message in ground distributes and the flow chart of warning system;

Figure 16 shows how data of the present invention can explain the flow chart that service is used by central authorities, and these central authorities explain that service provides the data of underlying commodity transaction with real-time mode;

Figure 17 is a flow chart, has described how the data of extracting according to the present invention relevant with meteorology to be used to provide air transport, shipping, automobile to transport and the information of the different transit routes of ocean freighter;

Figure 18 of the present inventionly is used for by prediction and avoids the natural calamity incident and associated danger reduced to minimum and the flow chart of the process of the infringement estimating subsequently to be caused by this incident; And

Figure 19 shows how the present invention is used to reallocate and the flow chart that disposes power again in communal facility as in the electric communal facility;

Embodiment

In 30 years after the neutralizations in 40 years that rise since first Sputniks are placed on first weather monitoring satellite among the GEO, always can not be comprehensively and fully from aerial reconnaissance ground.Up to the present, have the mechanism observation of insufficiency of function and study all occur in day or night and or near the process of the earth surface that can influence the life on our celestial body.In addition, do not have the real-time whole surface of monitoring of ability and in real time this data allocations is arrived all parts of the earth as global system at present.This method described herein, device and system's purpose are comprehensive, the synchronous and real-time monitored platform of earth global environment to be provided and will collected information to provide global audience from observe.Therefore, form with temporary transient space proportion chi and resolution and to cover, this resolution can catch change through the short period section and can by the suitable electron optics sensors observe of imitation human eye to tellurian incident.

Characteristics of the present invention are to utilize the intrinsic disposal ability of human body, particularly the human eye that combines with the disposal ability of human brain.Human eye is extremely effectively research tool and the part that adopts among a kind of the present invention, and the present invention utilizes spectrum, space, instantaneous and radiancy attribute, and these attributes are easy to the human eye of combined human brain and handle.Particularly, the attribute of the human eye relevant with the terminal that becomes image information " detector " comprises following aspect:

Human eye gets used to doing Real Time Observation;

Human eye is updated to the scenery of picture continuously;

Human eye requires and collects and handle the identical markers of image;

Human eye provides synchronous, multispectral (colour) of surrounding environment to cover; And

Human eye is adjusted the width range of variation (round the clock) intensity level automatically, moderately reduces its performance so that the valuable information in the roughly the same spectral region to be provided continuously.

At present the instrument of monitoring earth environment come compared with human eye in these areas not by a long sight, this fact determined with from monitoring rate based on the transducer in space, the observer go up at the earth's surface or near the ability of the important phenomenon of observation generation on have gap.Be in visible wavelengths in daytime and be rare to many-spectrum earth covering that observation phenomenon on the night earth has enough sensitiveness.Under rare like this situation, on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite, form this observation platform, can not form wholecircle dish, hemisphere or the whole world perspective of the earth here, but only in the detection of scanning.Like this, based on the liftoff ball of platform too near and can not utilize human eye and the human brain attribute that can handle the image that covers whole scenery rapidly, this scenery comprises the wholecircle dish of the earth, suppose that the data that offer human eye in the mode that keeps the true dynamic characteristic of observed things with do not present with the simulation markers, the tangible time interval can occur in the simulation markers between frames images.Provide image then can not utilize the disposal ability of human eye and human brain in the discontinuous mode that presents the obvious time interval between the picture frame.

The present invention's understanding has been avoided earth surface and the motion of the inherence between the observation platform observed by in conjunction with the image that is obtained by the GEO platform that is maintained fixed with respect to ad-hoc location on the earth.In addition, the perspective that is provided by GEO makes and so that human brain can suitably be handled the incident based on the whole earth, and observes the may observe dynamic characteristic of target by " full images " that can catch earth surface.In addition, provide data to make between human eye and the human brain in real time with image format in conjunction with being convenient in a continuous manner and can propagating alarm signal so that it takes to work in the time frame scope of suitable precautionary measures (if necessary) to terrestrial.In addition, because zero favourable all earth-satellite difference uncorrelated (differential irrelevant) motion is carried out earth observation from the GEO track.The process that instrument on the GEO satellite can be monitored for a long time and be recorded in or be taken place near the earth.Same scene comes into view continuously and can be as required to its frequent sampling.

Detect also of great use from the long distance environment of GEO, make it can see most of hemisphere, can have the benefit of seeing the process of expansion by it and lack relative motion because this position offers an opportunity to the observer.Theoretically, from GEO, imaging system can observe 9 ° of approximately full hemisphere.But because the earth is spherical in shape, scenery dwindles the latitude scope that has then reduced the reality that can effectively be monitored by perspective.The point northernmost that GEO satellite video camera in the orbit plane can observe is positioned at 75 ° of north latitude.But, in selecting one embodiment, can adopt one or more utmost point geo-stationary satellites for increasing satellite described herein.Such track is the ellipse of the height of 12 hours periods, makes its " suspension " extremely going up in the time cycle of extending.Although spatial resolution can change with the latitude of satellite and change, also can form continuous, the activity observation in territory, polar region at 8 satellites of Molnyia track.

The GEO platform provides environmental monitoring, and the advantage of this monitoring provides " activity " and the Continuous Observation near full hemisphere.Satellite sensor on the GEO can be observed the incident that occurs in any substantial portion of may observe hemisphere for a long time.Transition now as volcanic eruption, electric storm and meteor and develop slowlyer incident as flood, biomass burning, soil cover change be good selection from geo-stationary orbit research and observation to picture, real-time update and send these images.Can by quick framing imaging system of the present invention continuously from the incident of geo-stationary orbit record, comprise following incident at these:

Motion every day of main storm system;

Day/night terminator migration;

Brighten night on one side;

Main forest is caught fire;

Volcanic eruption;

Season change color;

The January of the moon, twice circle lacked variation (limb transit);

Solar eclipse; And

The fireball bump that the earth is subjected to every day.

Except synchronously the activity of the geographical phenomenon of advantage point covers, adopt high spatial of the present invention and temporary transient resolution video camera can also obtain observation about the feature of people's activity on the earth, comprise following content:

Urban lighting in night;

Big fire;

The transmission of spaceship and returning;

The track of aircraft; And

Huge explosion.

Be operated in the LEO track and be used to observe the conventional system of tellurian incident to compare, the invention solves that to be placed on optical sensor farther apart from the earth be problem on the GEO of top, equator 36000km.In this distance, for realizing the hemisphere scale, the sample frequency with even appropriateness covers, lower spatial resolution is provided.Because these GEO satellite distance earth are far away 100 times than LEO satellite, identical imaging system can provide about 10 meters spatial resolution at LEO, and the spatial resolution of about 1km is provided at GEO.

Another problem that the present invention proposes is that the cross dimensions of the earth is to carrying out throwing into question of real-time hemisphere scale observation in km scale (or better) spatial resolution.At GEO, the 1km of terrestrial equator is facing to about 30 microradians.The complete diameter of earth place own is 17.3 (0.30 radians).

The enough resolution of little diagnostic characteristics to km is come visual hemisphere is carried out the black and white sampling, then need almost 10,000 ten thousand other observations of branch.Need almost 500,000,000 samplings to generate the identical image of 500 meters resolution.For with big like this earth image by the time balance need be carried out in ground between data communication bandwidth, image rise time and repeated sampling frequency.In order to compare, single bidimensional TV NTSC image is made of 300,000 samplings of about every scenery, 30 scenery of per second, adopts a kind of in three kinds of colors, and per second produces 1,000 ten thousand scenery altogether approximately.

Have realized that effective variation that the present invention obtains comprises:

Spatial resolution;

Temporary transient resolution (being the repeated sampling frequency); And

The zone covers.

Occur bidimensional million pixels (megapixel) ccd array up to date, become two kinds based on the imaging system rough segmentation in space.But first kind is to have low spatial resolution the system's (as TV) with the bidimensional vidicon of high temporary transient resolution.But another kind of imaging system comprises (km scale or the poorer) resolution that has high spatial low temporary transient (than the image repeated sampling of per second much less) resolution one-dimensional scanning system.As mentioned above, any such system all can not with rational renewal speed the information of q.s is provided so as to offer human eye and the enough information of human brain so that its clearly determine, follow the tracks of and estimate and go up at the earth's surface or near event.

By the process of GEO monitoring in main nature transition.Can comprise through the variation of imaging region and the differentiation and the migration of the feature of passing scenery, perhaps to realize and to occur in the seizure of the incident in the scenery, as lightning as moving of cloud layer.Before a kind of phenomenon be tending towards developing more slowly and be easy to be scanned system keeps track.A kind of phenomenon in back is more convenient for being covered by the vidicon.

Because imaging technique limits and according to the needs in the first-class spatial resolution in acquisition hemisphere scale zone, the environmental monitoring of being undertaken by GEO focuses in the motion and feature of cloud layer.The scanning system that depends on environmental monitoring system adopts the shape of cloud layer to move past scene change than it and gets slower implicit assumption.

The scenery sample frequency is directly proportional and is inversely proportional to the observation instrument spatial resolution with the cloud layer characteristic velocity.Equation F=V/R helps to understand this phenomenon, and wherein F is a frequency, and V is a speed, and R is a spatial resolution.For example, the speed with 100 meters of (V=) per seconds (330kph or 220mph) moves, (cloud layer of observing under=1000m) the resolution only needs per 10 seconds (F=0.10/sec) repeated samplings once to observe through sample the moving to a pixel of sample of associating at 1km.Cloud layer generally moves under this speed of 1/10th, and various factors comprises that spacecraft points to unsteadiness and makes and be difficult to the motion of distinguishing littler than the pixel between the sample.

For this reason, from GEO with the spatial resolution that equals or be coarser than 1km to earth imaging so that distinguishing horizontal cloud layer group moves, do not need the inferior temporary transient resolution of dividing.In fact, such sampling can per hour be carried out several times on regional scale, and per second carries out once at the most.Scanning system among the GEO is for general between picture frequency, spatial resolution, zone covering and the communication bandwidth carries out optimal trading off.This system equipment has discrete component detector or short-term ccd array, and mechanical scan process earth surface is slowly to set up image.Because the such system of time chien shih that requires to set up two dimensional image can not form real-time, Continuous Observation provided by the invention.But can reduce picture frequency by following factor, recognize that at present it is a useful variable as a result:

Improve sweep speed (it has reduced sensitivity);

Improve the length (by increasing more detector) of linear detector arrays; And

Reduce the size of scanning area.

Particulate is suitably deposited each pixel about geographical scenery, and is created in the context of the navigation in the image of being set up by scanning process, and spacecraft must be very stable.Otherwise scanning element can have to a certain degree " skew " and destroy the image integrity of scenery in scanning.Since the scanning element system must the mobile optical senser through scenery, to assemble enough light in bright state not and be difficult to the process that is in visible wavelength in monitoring.At present, from the optical line scanner on low earth polar orbit defence meteorological satellite project (DMEP) only can be with low spatial resolution, provide the observation of urban lighting at night in the specific geographical position once a day.

In recent years, the development of many million pel arrays of bidimensional has produced electro-optical system first, when with brand-new spatial resolution when GEO sees, this electro-optical system can provide in real time, around the clock covering of earth wholecircle dish.According to the present invention, the aggregate with at least four such GEO systems provides the real-time covering that is lower than km resolution on the visual earth of major part.Each satellite provides " activity " in real time broadcasting to the terminal use in each satellite sight line.

As described below, in order to increase the distribution capability of each satellite, adopt and rent the commercial communication satellite transponder to provide communication sight line far away to the terminal use in the direct sight line of particular satellite not, this satellite has the interesting transducer of watching this image of monitor user '.In addition, each earth observation satellite adopts the intersatellite communication pipeline of broadband downstream line traffic channel and cross link not adopt the additional pipeline of communicating by letter to realize distribution function.

As described below, being used for of explanation here carries out that realtime graphic is collected and to collecting the part that method and apparatus that subsequent data distributes has three uniquenesses that carries out of image around the earth.First part is the mthods, systems and devices that produce and collect realtime graphic.Second portion is the imaging foundation structure that obtains the image covering of most of earth under high-resolution in real-time, continuous mode.Third part is a distribution portion, and it can distribute to the terminal use with realtime graphic.

Fig. 2 has shown the mosaic image of being watched attentively a part of earth of scanning technique generation by stepping one of the present invention.The overall mosaic figure of the earth can be set up by single frame, has shown some frames wherein among Fig. 2.In Fig. 2, first line of mosaic figure scan image is begun in the east by the arctic and comprises seven images that move about westwards and to move.In Fig. 2, preceding four images in seven images are shown as 2101,2102,2103 and 2104.Next line comprises 9 images, and first image in this row is represented by 2201.Then, the next line image comprises 10 images altogether, and wherein first image is by 2310 expressions, and each row of the ensuing five-element comprises 11 images, has first image in the first three rows of 11 images by 2401,2501 and 2506 expressions.Then have 11 images these five-element be single file with 10 images, 9 images and 7 images.Each image of being represented by four digital code XX-YY is represented stepping-watch attentively order below.Preceding two numerals (i.e. " XX ") are represented line number.Final two digits is represented the ordinal number of the image of particular row.For example 02-04 represents the 4th image of second row.01-01，01-02，01-03，01-04，01-05，01-06，01-0702-01，02-02，02-03，02-04，02-05，02-06，02-07，02-08，02-0903-01，03-02，03-03，03-04，03-05，03-06，03-07，03-08，03-09，03-1004-01，04-02，04-03，04-04，04-05，04-06，04-07，04-08，04-09，04-10，04-1105-01，05-02，05-03，05-04，05-05，05-06，05-07，05-08，05-09，05-10，05-1106-01，06-02，06-03，06-04，01-05，01-06，01-07，02-08，02-09，06-10，06-1107-01，07-02，07-03，07-04，07-05，07-06，07-07，07-08，07-09，07-10，07-1108-01，08-02，08-03，08-04，08-05，08-06，08-07，08-08，08-09，08-10，08-1109-01，09-02，09-03，09-04，09-05，09-06，09-07，09-09，09-09，09-1010-01，10-02，10-03，10-04，10-05，10-06，10-07，10-10，10-0911-01，11-02，11-03，11-04，11-05，11-06，11-07，

The picture number of the row (1-3 is capable and 9-11 is capable) that covers the earth the North and the south by successively decreasing has been removed 14 images, forms rectangle 11 * 11 gratings of 121 images.Amounting to 107 picture frames piles up and overlaps each other so that forms composograph 200 (it only has been a part of image of illustration purpose).These frame per seconds are piled up once, make on earth or near vertiginous incident is captured really and in a continuous manner it presented.Catch this view data and it is compressed into 8/pixel with 11 (bit)/pixels.Data allocations that then will compression is on broadband downstream circuit channel (in the N channel, whether also be responsible for view data is sent to ground based terminal from other imaging satellite according to satellite repeater).By about little number of its pixel of 10% each independent picture frame is overlapped each other, so that regulate the skew of satellite from central point.

Fig. 3 shows how to collect image-forming information and it is distributed to different clients' schematic diagram as real time information at GEO.In Fig. 3, the shown earth 302 surfaces are curved surface, define the eyesight order wire by imaging satellite 300,314 or communication satellite 316.The structure that system shown in Figure 3 had can be collected high-resolution, the realtime image data of earth surface, and this real time data is directly distributed to the user terminal 312 or the remote terminal unit 310 of the reception antenna (, perhaps passing through communication satellite indirectly) that has oneself as parabolic reflector, phased antenna or analog.User 304 beyond the sight line can connect radiolink such as LMDS or analog as PSTN, internet by the ground mechanism by ground-Ji communication line 306 expressions, receives information more easily.Ground based terminal 308 is with circuit under circuit and the X-band (or Ka is with circuit down) to get in touch with imaging satellite 300 with S-.As shown in the figure, satellite 314 information that receives from imaging satellite 300 and other satellite of cross link or remote terminal 310 via satellite.Satellite 314 then can be broadcasted the view data of collecting at other satellite again in other communication channel of N-1, wherein N is an imaging satellite number in this system.Satellite 300 and 314 can by circuit on the satellite that passes ground based terminal 308, remote terminal 310 or via satellite cross link receive solicited message from the long-distance user, perhaps accept solicited message from communication satellite 316.

As shown in the figure, steamer 1200 is in the area of coverage of imaging satellite 314, can directly receive the broadcast message from imaging satellite 314.This information can be the meteorological form data mode that offers seagoing vessel in real time, makes this steamer adjust its course line according to the real-time weather information that transmits.In this embodiment, steamer 1200 directly receives former imaging data and these data are formatd and shows with map directly perceived (visual map) form from satellite.Map datum can be stored on the local storage medium, on dish or CD, then weather information be covered on this map image.In congested in traffic area, as Malacca or Gibraltar Straights, observation meteorological and wheel ship position separately can make itself and precision navigation positioning equipment interact and provide more effective measures to manage the course line and avoid colliding.Obviously, the appearance of steamer flight path (its existence depends on ambient condition) has strengthened the monitoring of passing through than the space-based platform of craft.

Similar consideration is arranged in land and air transport.Can cross the environmental aspect observation in potential course line in the central processor equipment inspection, can estimate and select desirable course line to information at central processor equipment.Then this information is propagated to the user.But for suitable atmospheric condition, aircraft engine can produce visible track, even with km mark cloth resolution, also can be easy to know from the space.Adopt resolution can distinguish that reluctantly the system of road itself is difficult to detect road Traffic Volume.But, illuminate and can clearlyer see crowded road by the illuminating lamp of going forward at night.Intensity of light and volume of traffic density, the information that can combine with other data is relevant detects with the volume of traffic that enhancing is provided.

In addition, the ground based terminal 308 (as shown in figure 11) that is connected with the computer with relevant wireless communication line provides the meteorological pattern information signal that is broadcast to the user.This broadcasting can be encrypted transmission (for example encrypting with PGP) form, makes the user who only has secret key just can obtain this transmission.This transmission can exceed mode by the eyesight transmission line as carrying out with the HF frequency, perhaps carries out in the mode that exceeds the eyesight order wire by repeating satellite broadcasting.In one embodiment, broadcast only comprises the meteorological data in the zone that influences the specific user.In another embodiment, steamer 1200 (or other user, as ground-Ji user) can ask meteorological data about ad-hoc location.

Ground based terminal 308 comprises the processor that is used to detect selected meteorological pattern and generates warning message automatically, and warning message is distributed to the user by the e-mail or other electronic address that connect Internet.In addition, the people who sees meteorological data on the display screen of ground based terminal 308 can detect selected weather event and produce warning message by manual operation, it is followed by by warning user adventurous electronics Internet message, and the user comprises that those are positioned at involved area or the user on the road under the meteorological pattern of danger.Provide the three-dimensional description that produces condition of road surface in any transportation system from cooperation moving image data with in the atmosphere with GEO platform of vehicle location on the high-precision GPS acquisition earth surface.Such video picture is the very big improvement that the current bidimensional that provides with map and radar screen is described.The three dimensional hologram of transportation system is described to have and is used for the main branch that best route is selected, the volume of traffic is managed and avoided colliding.If having particular community (as cyclone, thunderstorm activity, specific cloud layer top) weather event is in user's the zone, by the reference user with its e-mail message stores database therein, ground based terminal 308 produces electronics Internet and reports to the police, as e-mail message, with by ground line or wireless communication mechanisms as by the GEO telecommunication satellite or utilize LEO satellite aggregate (as Teledesec or Globalstar) to send e-mail message to the user.At R.White " computer how to work (How computer work) ", QUE company, 1999 and at P.Gralla " Internet how to work (How Internet Works) ", QUE gongsi, illustrated in 1999 to be similar in the ground based terminal 308 e-mail function and the structure that adopts, here by with reference to and in conjunction with the full content of two pieces of articles.Electronic warning can send to user's unique individual Internet address or Internet visit and service supplier, and this supplier can merge the general transmission as this message of useful feature like this.

Ground based terminal 308 also can play central authorities' " explain service ", is used for providing the expected results of the meteorological data that particular industry uses.For example, ground based terminal 308 can comprise a kind of mechanism, and this mechanism discerns the specific user of the service request meteorological data relevant with specific weather event in the specific region that in fact can influence these regional agricultural product.When causing that these agricultural product influence incident, ground based terminal 308 produces and reports to the police (perhaps being e-mail message, paging message or the wired or wireless call that the warning user that issues the user has observed the specific effect that influences the crops trade).Ground based terminal 308 also can distribute the message of movement operation, as flight, driving, vehicle transport or shipping.In each these example, the radio communication message that the course line message that is provided by specific transportation service is provided sends to mobile thing (asset) by wireless communication line such as cellular communication circuit or satellite relay voice or tie line.Therefore, because some can endanger aircraft 1201 safety hazard localization weather event, aircraft 1201 can receive the information of detouring.Similarly, vehicle transport company can select that truck 1202 is detoured or the shipping service can select to make steamer 1200 to detour to avoid hindering the meteorology of transport.According to the meteorological dependent event that the service by ground based terminal 308 tissues provides, its vehicle can not selected to send by carrier.

Fig. 4 is image collection and the corresponding signal of distribution portion and the block diagram of control part that shows imaging satellite 300 shown in Figure 3.Employing provides the imaging system controller 401 of control data to come control data to catch and the video camera control operation to optics and scanning system 403 and CCD imaging system.Optics and scanning system 403 comprise the machinery/optics part of imaging system, and light immobilizes therein.In addition, can controlledly adjust light so that adjust the field range of imaging system.Can adjust in the structure at this, imaging system controller 401 provides input control signal to optics and scanning system 403, so that adjust the light in the scanning system, thereby has adjusted field range.In the present embodiment, photofixation is constant, the scan control signal that optics and scanning system 403 receives from imaging system controller 401, the signal that receives successively from ground station at last circuit transfer request message middle controller 401.Can select scan type to comprise the scanning of (a) full raster, (b) earth-reference (geo-referenced) is followed the tracks of, and follows the tracks of the point of crossing earth surface, and (c) sensing stops (dwells), and wherein imaging system concentrates on the specific part of earth surface.Though described three scan operations at present, the invention is not restricted to only carry out this three scan operations, but the combination of these three operations, and other operation.

Optics and scanning system 403 comprise the mirror that is contained on the balancing stand, and this mirror is positioned at optical system, its direction be arranged on will the zone of imaging on the light focussing plane in.As the scheme of selecting, keep fuel by momenttum wheel or a small amount of station of discharge that reduces rotating speed or quicken to use on the satellite, itself can make partial rotation whole satellite, and is such described with reference to Figure 8.By mobile-satellite itself, in the imaging moiety of satellite, do not need moving-member.

In case adjust light, if the desirable visual field must be provided, then CCD imaging system 405 is caught image with electronic format.The CCD imaging system receives the timing controling signal of commander's frame speed and on/off operation.CCD imaging system 405 comprises KAH-16801 series 4096 (H) * 4096 (V) array, as by Eastman Kodak, Microelectronics Division, Rochester, NewYork, the 14650 pixel million pixel full frame CCD image sensor performance specifications of publishing are described, merge the full content of this specification here by reference.In addition, can adopt 2048 * 2048 pixel CCD or 1024 * 1024CCD, as (Pixel Megapixel Interline) ccd image sensor performance specification between KAI-4000M series 2048 (H) * 2048 (V) pixel million pixel columns, Eastman Kodak, Microelectronics Division, Rochester, NewYork, 14650, revision 0, December 23,1998, and ccd image sensor performance specification between KAI-1010 series 1024 (H) * 1024 (V) pixel million pixel columns, Eastman Kodak, Microelectronics Division, Rochester, New York, 14650, revision 4, December 18,1998, described in like that, here by with reference to the full content that merges two parts of specifications.In addition, any many ccd array unit combination can be used for multiple-camera.For example, can use a ccd array unit together, and second ccd array is arranged on and catches earth surface more on another light path of the image of fraction with the light that the overall image of the earth is provided.

In case capture corresponding scenery in CCD, CCD imaging system 405 provides digital output stream to current image date buffer 407, and buffer is stored in this image in the memory.The digital picture of previous storage is preserved in the previous image data buffer 411, makes previous image and present image to compare in Image Comparator 409.Keep previous frame also to help to prepare animation loops.If image is about same geographical area, (fixed directional, this situation always takes place for wide visual field video camera, and is to take place once in a while for high-resolution camera) sends to image difference compression processor 413 with these data.But, if this image not about same area, then this image is sent to full images compression processor 415.

Therefore, send the output of image difference compression processor 413 and full images compression processor 415 to telemetry system 417, it is by the X-band or the data protocol form and the transmission of signal are provided through the following circuit in Ka-band of antenna 9.Be with the last line signal that provides from ground station by S-through antenna 421.

Imaging system controller 401, current image date buffer 407, previous image data buffer 411 and Image Comparator 409, and image difference compressing mechanism 413 can be carried out with relevant memory with one or more general applications processors together with full images compressing mechanism 415.In addition, can adopt all that use special integrated circuit (ASICs), field programmable gate array (FPGA) logic and analog person that carries out the corresponding operating and mechanism or select part.

Can adopt various compression algorithms, comprise standard universal spare compression algorithm such as MPEG-2, as Haskel, B etc., " digital video: " to the introduction (Digital Video:AnIntroduction to MPEG-2) of MPEG-2, Chapman and Hall, ISBN01-412-08411-2, explanation is such in 1996, merges its full content by reference here.

The appearance of many million pixel CCD systems make to adopt the electro-optical system come with visible wavelengths, cover around clock and to be lower than the major part that km resolution obtains the earth.The method that produces image is imitated human eye mostly, and the employing of eyes own can be distinguished the two-dimensional array of the photosensitive detector of degraded mode " colour " and that be operated in low luminance level.Recently the technical progress that obtains is to produce many-million pixel ccd array, and as 2048 * 2048 Kodak KAI 4000, feasible can the employing watched imaging system separately attentively and obtained better resolution.For produce the exposure that full figure only needs a few microsecond duration under sight, this is well below defined " in real time " application at present.Owing to have such ccd array, can under GEO night lighting state, in about one second time, produce image.

As previously mentioned, overall " in real time " or " around clock " covering is unpractical from the earth of GEO for providing for " rotation-scanning ", " flying spot " and " time delay integration " imaging system.Propose to use the scheme of bidimensional CCD million pixels to be subjected to the restriction of the plant bulk compared with earth size in the past.These early stage researchs and scheme concentrate on Asia-million pel array ability producing the covering of sunshine earth in a few minutes, but never consider to obtain consecutive image in proper order value and with human eye and brain image is handled between influence each other.

In the design in the past,, require to obtain image too quickly so that the time enough exposure can not be arranged in order to produce the overall mosaic figure of the earth that constitutes by the bidimensional frame.Such system obtains such trading off in the ability of low luminance level imaging.On the contrary, many-million pixel ccd array of bidimensional have the improvement that is better than 8 times of former schemes.Can realize reaching one second single frame time to produce overall mosaic figure place only needing about 100 frames.Because the maximum exposure time is one second, can carry out overall day and night covering.The time that require to produce the stepping of the earth-watch mosaic figure attentively is only than the fast twice of previous method, correspondingly reduced image blurring degree.

Use for the space, be preferably frame and transmit ccd array (as Kodak ' s KAI series),, reduced susceptibility mechanical breakdown because can carry out electric screen (ectronically shuttered) to it.Add integrated pixel screening washer among the CCD (as the colored version of Kodak ' s KAI series) realization the multispectral survey that obtains in the single frame.

When the time, can show its complete multispectral feature to given geographic area repeated using inediting frame.Grade height to 4096 * 4096 of anti-machinery or full frame CCD array such as Kodak ' s KAI series or higher, it has the covering of the zone of raising or equal area is adopted more high-resolution advantage.The separated funiculus photo structure (split beam opticsarchitecture) that adds mechanical screening washer wheel or have many ccd array makes and can produce multispectral image under lower a little speed, though more faster than the current full-colour image that is produced by rotation sweep and flying-spot system.

At last, imaging system quality, the volume of many-million pixel ccd array of the utilization that present specification provides are enough little, and are enough to adopt in operation low-power, and polyelectron-optical pickocff is provided is the selection that is suitable for and be to select one embodiment to satellite.If in accident event or suspend normal scan full hard disk so that provide high temporary transient covering then the benefit of multisensor is clearly to the specific geographical area.In this incident, additional imaging system can keep overall covering, perhaps by the design of low resolution or with overall low-frequency sampling work, changes with stopping to adjust like that as requested.

Here the global system that provides belongs to the satellite that carries at least two visual imaging systems, wherein each system adopt many-million pixel bidimensional ccd array come in instantaneous seizure design spectral region with the visual field in the reverberation of all vision wavelength.When the spatial resolution that has by slightly to thin variation the time, each system the visual field less from becoming more greatly.System comprises the earth seen from GEO (17.3) with the wideest visual field that coarse resolution was provided whole totally.The light borescope (bore-sight) of all other systems freely aims at and can be to the mosaic figure of its scanning with real-time generation high-resolution hemisphere scale image in the zone that is covered by the wideest visual field, guarantees exact image navigation and picture registration as far as possible simultaneously.

For example, CCD imaging system 405 (Fig. 4) is merged in the CCD device, and 2048 * 2048 focal plane CCD frames with electric template (electronic shuttering) transmit that detector arrays provide the actual instantaneous picture on earth daytime and in the about nadir point resolution of 5.5km.Satellite has enough stability so that identical systems is worked to collect the earth image of intensity level at night under the time exposure pattern.Second system with identical ccd array in series with wide visual field instrument with 500 meters spatial resolution work.Instrument adopts stepping-watch attentively Scan Design to produce overall image being no more than in time of two seconds.Most earth observations by this system are carried out being lower than under the km resolution.As selecting a selection, can comprise 4096 * 4096 arrays to increase or to replace 2048 * 2048CCD, so that improve systematic function,, thereby require the remote measurement bandwidth bigger than 15MKZ/ even require to be four times in this data speed obtaining identical covering performance.

About the method and system that provides the whole world to cover, the relative positioning and the quantity of the satellite on the geo-stationary orbit is discussed now.In order to cover most of earth with the spatial resolution that is higher than 1km, require to comprise the aggregate of at least four satellites, as shown in Figure 5 from GEO.As described below, Fig. 6 has shown the system with 5 imaging satellites.

Before the aggregate in describing Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 in detail, recognize that at first having nadir point resolution is that the single GEO satellite of the overall imaging system of 500m can be observed between 75 ° in north latitude and the south latitude and east longitude and 75 ° of earth dishes up and down of west longitude.Find effective field of regard by the wholecircle that writes down on the earth surface that its center is the satellite nadir point.In this case, by earth surface and 75 ° of circular cones wide and the summit be positioned at that the end on the GEO satellite intersects and the circumference that produces limits covering, as shown in the figure.Owing to have many satellites, will be continuously and completely to the covering of the covering of 75 ° in north latitude and south latitude or 96.6% earth surface.But, must limit expensive high number of satellite, and image resolution ratio reduces along with the distance of distance subsolar point.High-resolution light provides broad to cover circular cone.The system that 0.5 km nadir point is provided provides about 1km resolution in the zone that is limited by 52.5 ° angular radius circular cone.

For example, as shown in Figure 7, three equidistant satellites of placing can provide the covering that is lower than km that is lower than 50% earth with 500m resolution system.Even have 375m resolution light, the remarkable gap in the covering remains on low latitudes and middle latitude.On the contrary, as shown in Figure 7, four satellites be filled between the gap and can provide with near the identical covering level of 3/4ths earth.Like this, for covering most of earth, need four satellites to equip to have the imaging system of month 0.5 km resolution at least to be lower than km resolution.Fig. 7 has shown that the improvement when 4 satellites are brought up to 5 satellites has and has increased progressively.

Show among Fig. 5 and arranged 4 satellites, four different imaging satellites 501,505,507 and 511.Increased communication satellite 503,508 and 509.Imaging satellite 501,505,507 with 511 and communication satellite 503,508 communicate by letter with 513 with GCU 515,517,523 with 509, as shown in the figure.In addition, provide communication to transmit remote terminal 521,524 and 519 so that have transfer capability.The purpose of transfer capability and function are to propagate and distribution in the whole world of the data that help to be caught by imaging satellite in the time can not carrying out line-of-sight communication.

As assigned characteristics, each imaging satellite 501,505,507 and 511 adopts the space-to-ground communication line about global map, adopts the X-band or the Ka-band circuit of X-band or KA-band transponder, and view data is delivered to ground.Design satellite antenna shape and size to be providing the area of coverage, thereby cover almost whole visual hemisphere.In addition, perhaps She Ji antenna structure can provide the specified point light beam, and the specific geographical position of this beam-pointing is to support the specific user.Can also adopt the transponder of renting on communication satellite 503,508 and 509 to distribute real time data from a receiver end.When the capacity of ground-base net network such as Internet improved, commercial communication satellite can be beneficial to replenish this structure, and wireless communication node such as LMDS or analog.The present invention adopts the global basis structure of telecommunications and data allocations, and planning will distribute from the hemisphere in the single receiver visual field of each satellite and merge to " recommending (push-pull) " structure as separate broadcast or as by " drawing " data that provide by Internet or other surface based network.Expression continuously broadcasting or data that can interactive request " recommended " in term.Data can be as required and by frequent " pulling out " Internet.

Real time data must be assigned to beyond each satellite sight line or its GEO visual field beyond.Can adopt the transponder bandwidth of renting on the network with at least 3 commercial Utility Satellites, or adopt the intersection-circuit between the imaging satellite to connect, the perhaps combination of the two realizes above-mentioned distribution.

The real-time whole world of many-million pixel communications distributes the remote sensing platform space that requires ground communication Asia-system to have enough remote measurement bandwidth to transmit the data of its collection as early as possible.The actual bandwidth number that requires, general about 15MHZ/ channel can reduce by data compression technique.Should on each communication satellite, distribute enough bandwidth with data by taking away on each satellite in the aggregate, this bandwidth comprises on each satellite the 15MHZ bandwidth of each.Although three communication satellites provide interhemispheric communication line and since the middle latitude between the satellite to most of earth surface of high latitude not in the direct-view sight line, therefore also have coverage gap.When 4 GEO observation platforms provide when covering more completely, can in the All Around The World scope, form fully up to the high power capacity terrestrial communication link at least directly to terminal use's broadcast data around four communication satellites of the equidistant setting of the earth.

By commercial telecommunication satellite distribute data, each imaging satellite needs at least one ground station to play " bend pipe (bent pipe) ".This station is relocated data, and it directly arrives at least one " remote terminal " by standard surface based communication line, and data are sent at remote terminal and make the further communication satellite of distribution.But remote terminal facility is its bend pipe effect also, is used to receive the transfer of data that is positioned at the imaging satellite under the local visual field from other.Finally, the communication satellite on any summit visual field on the earth between about 70 ° of north latitude and the south latitude can be with the data allocations from these satellites under local visual field, and that these data can not be done is live.In addition, for fear of the distribution bottlenecks phenomenon, data are preferably on the wide as far as possible zone, so that all can receive Anywhere in the satellite visual line of sight.

Although 5 different imaging satellites 601,603,605,607 and 609 are provided, Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 5.In scheme shown in Figure 6, three communication satellites are supported global communication, are used to the data of distributing imaging satellite to receive.Certainly, can also use additional communication satellite and remote terminal.

Fig. 8 is the decomposition view of the imaging satellite that adopts among the present invention.Communication antenna is housed in satellite,, is provided for controlling communication line with data allocations as antenna 801 and 823.The structure of satellite comprises star sensor 803, radar 805, propeller 837 and pay(useful) load supporting member 835.Star sensor 803 plays attitude coutrol mechanism, the relative position of the monitor satellite and the earth, and making can be with the imaging system proper calibration.Solar panel 833 provides electric power to system.In addition, various batteries 825 are arranged on and leave-plate 821 and provide electric power to main motor 819.Pressurized tank 7 is arranged on the airborne processor 816 that system control function is provided.Be provided with transponder 813 with provide in the cross link between the satellite and other satellite or satellite to the communication capacity of ground station.Accelerometer 811 and momenttum wheel 809 make satellite in a plate 831 parts have the ability of stabilized satellite.In selecting one embodiment, when earth image was crossed in scanning, the scan operation of Zhi Hanging was via satellite carried out by the rotating speed-scheduled volume that reduces wheel 809, made satellite rotation specified quantitative, so that catch ideal image according to specific scanning sequency.Cooperate inertial reference to carry out this scan operation, make that satellite rotation two is controlled.Communication data circuit 829 provides the proprietary data circuit to be used to support X-band or the communication of KU-band, for example supports to be used for the channel communication of N at least of distribute data.Pay(useful) load plate 839 supports the imaging moiety of the satellite of catching earth image.

Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the imaging system controller 401 shown in Fig. 4.Controller 401 using system buses 903 are to interconnect with the CPU901 with hardware.Particularly, CPU901 receives the software instruction from ROM, comprise that control algolithm follows the tracks of operation and dwell point estimation algorithm with the GEO-benchmark of realizing overall operation, following the tracks of the point pass earth surface, so that make imaging system reside in specific direction with predetermined amount of time.RAM905 preserves ephemeral data, and these data can be used when the judgement information that is provided by Image Comparator 409 from the data of telemetry system 517 (Fig. 4) and by full images compressing mechanism 415 is provided.ASIC909 and PAL-911 cooperate the algorithm of carrying out random execution in CPU901 with hardware mode with CPU901.The output of CPU901 is sent to optics and scanning system 403 (Fig. 4) and CCD imaging system 405 (Fig. 4) through I/O controller 913.

Frame buffer 930 links to each other with system bus 903, frame buffer 930 once receives a frame information from the satellite imagery system, and to this frame with data with the frame that other has the data that in time obtain at consecutive points add, average and standardization, with convenient satellite imagery system works super-improve the resolution of specific image during the spatial resolution pattern.In addition, by frame of video is averaged, improved the effective resolution of imaging system.In addition, if satellite is operated in point-control (spot-steering) pattern of operation, wherein do not select the overall of earth image, but ask to reside in specific region on the earth surface according to the user who receives by IO controller 913, then handle and the luminous energy value selected has improved and provides as the more accurate expression of this imaging system observation to the earth surface of picture by imaging system.

Pattern (pattern) identification mechanism 935 also is connected on the system bus, and comprises the background image of selected portion on the earth surface with highway or other road, and the user on this road has asked the information about traffic congestion.In addition, pattern recognition mechanism 935 is included in the database of the prestored images of predefine traffic levels in the zone of user's process.But the database root at convenient search is pressed catalog classification according to number of users to each user area.When the user asks congestion information (or according to scheduled plan), the content of frame buffer and more identical with respect to the pre-stored zone of institute's analyzed area is retrieved by pattern recognition mechanism 935 from frame buffer 930.This analyzes the variation based on color or reflection or emitted luminescence intensity.Pattern recognition mechanism 935 then the content of judgment frame buffer 930 whether be enough near predetermined threshold (as with the highly crowded pattern strong correlation of the traffic of storage) with the congested in traffic degree of determining the highway predetermined road section be " height ", " in " or " low ", although can also adopt the more degree of crowding.Pattern recognition mechanism provide in being contained in frame buffer 930 between the memory module and image information and adopt any one different operating in a plurality of detection algorithms (as at least equal sides judging), which more may present to this to the specific geographical area in the crowded pattern of identification.In case obtain to judge that pattern recognition mechanism 935 sends to CPU901 with degree of crowding message, to send to ground based terminal by IO controller 913.

In addition, the process of the congested in traffic amount of identification can be carried out at the ground based terminal of the memory feature of utilizing processor and terminal.But in the present embodiment, CPU901 produces congested in traffic message and sends it to ground station to be broadcast to the user that request is used for user's transport services information by IO controller 913.Super-resolution imaging from geo-stationary orbit

Provide covering of the earth to be defined as term " super-resolution " here by geo-stationary orbit with optical wavelength, its meaning is, the very frequent image of whole visual earth surface is provided with the spatial resolution that can be equal to mutually with the system in the current Low Earth Orbit.On quantitatively, super-resolution refers under the temporary transient resolution faster than every 2-3 minute, in the covering of the whole visual earth under the spatial resolution of 100 meters pixel IFOV (IFOV).In addition, super-resolution that use can be used with point-control, scanning space based optical systems in a continuous manner not wherein, but keep residing in precalculated position on the earth surface according to request.Utilize the system design thought communication imagination of the super-resolution covering system (GHRCS) of GEO

The earth communication allocation of space X-of the satellite that FCC uses in passive earth exploration and Ka band.In the X-band, allow 375MHZ, and in Ka band (25.25-27.00GHz), allow 1.75GHZ.X-band capacity is 375Mbps, and Ka band capacity is 1.75Gbps, and the maximum unpacked data amount that its expression per second can transmit and the corresponding highest resolution of the earth cover.For obtaining the embodiment that the earth overall " activity " covers, definition as described above, the overall scanning of the earth of execution in then per 2 minutes.Accurate space and temporary transient resolution can be reached and the corresponding exact value of limiting value by compromise selection.Tentation data compression (for example 100: 1) has improved this limit.Here provide a kind of method with capabilities setting restriction to GHRCS.

Image size=1.75Gbps*120sec/Full Disk*100/8bits/Byte=2625GB/Full Disk or 2.625TeraBytes/Full Disk.At 1 byte/image pixel, a side has the array of 1.62 mega pixels, crosses many million pel arrays that earth sweeping is retouched but also can adopt, to solve the problem of array size.

The overall size of the earth is 17.3 ° or 0.302 radian, and this represents that each pixel must face toward about 0.19 microradian.It is translated into 6.8 meters nadir point resolution.This value also can be obtained by DSP or HST, if place it among the GEO overlooking the earth and to change telescopical optical system, once be applicable to the present invention use (as be easy to by the optical engineering teacher understandable).The boundary sizes of HST make be difficult to carry out cross the earth the disk raster scanning to set up mosaic image.Instant supposition has many million pel arrays, have only " area of coverage " or " visual field " of 680 microradians, can need surpass 200000 isolated frame finish an overall image, in two minutes, be equivalent to the 600 microsecond time of integration/frames, it is preferably in best state at sunshine work down.

In addition, super-the resolution operation pattern does not need to be operated in scan pattern, but point-control operation pattern, wherein the optical system aiming needs certain geographical zone of high-definition picture, as is used for congested in traffic the application.In this case, satellite optical system aimed areas by from a user or even a group user's request provided, make will be capped in the zone that the satellite optical system is wanted only to be covered by user and candidate user in the aimed areas.For example, in point-control operation pattern, do not scan the earth surface that is coated with water, and only scan the useful zone of congested in traffic information, as the continental land mass of residential area, be the work of point control pattern to the picture.

In the embodiment shown, the HST that can change arbitrarily is arranged in GEO, and GEO has the synthetic detector of 3200 pixels to work with side one by one, and this detector is made of 16 800 * 800 present detectors, and a side is provided with 4.Provide two kinds and selected one regulation technology.The first, adopt big detection arrays, can reduce resolution to reduce the array structure expense and to make complexity.Like this, in this embodiment, system adopts 42 * 2 arrays, and 4096 * 4096 Kodak detectors are effective 8192 * 8192 pixel detectors arrays so that size to be provided.Supposing has 10 meters resolution, and the angle pixel size is about 0.3 microradian.8192 pixels provide the visual field of 2.46 milliradians.Have only 15100 separate pictures now to produce mosaic figure (although even need still less when the point-control model work, wherein ad-hoc location is able to any analysis).In this case, frame is approximately 8 milliseconds the time of integration, and this is enough to by light state ball imaging over the ground in the most normal day).But in mosaic graphic operation pattern, mobile telescope is retouched to cross earth sweeping, needs complicated control system from east to west and by the raster mode in north orientation south.

As selecting one when select scan telescope, selecting one embodiment is removed telescope by earth nadir point, and aiming polyhedron (faceted) reflector (being combined in the optics and scanning system of Fig. 4), placing this reflector purpose is with the telescopical primary optical system of light reflected back from the earth.The facetted mirrors device is made of the stepping mirror, so that the raster scan that needs to cover the earth to be provided.By this way, can separate the reflector of littler and less amount, isolate its motion, make its vibration isolation, otherwise motion and vibration can be brought in the key instrument from satellite.Reflector is parallel to earth rotating shaft rotation so that at utmost minimizing can be disturbed the stability problem of mosaic image integration, and makes the consumption of staying the reacting gas on the station reach minimum.

Because a little less than the brightness, there is very big problem in side imaging at night, unless scanning area reduces, otherwise to use different systems, make resolution optimization (reductions) to the covering at night is provided.In addition, night, side system can simply use the ultra-sensitivity detector array, belonged to the type of using among the low-light level TV.

Another kind of embodiment is, improved in the quantity of the detector array of telescope focal plane.Detector array is increased to 4 * 4, or 16 such detectors can cause the very big raising of its performance,, need bigger electric power although be the measure that costs a lot of money.It is about 3650 that the 5 milliradian visuals field mean that the overall number of frames of needs scanning can be reduced to, or 33 milliseconds/frame time of integration.

Adopt point one a control embodiment, HST can adopt insta-cam in the focal plane, collecting the optical information in the specific geographical area, though so only chemical fertilizer does not provide the expense of overall image, also can obtain 1 meter resolution.

Figure 10 a has shown the highway in the satellite optical system visual field that is operated in super-resolution operation pattern (perhaps scanning or resident).Highway 1001 comprises left-lane 1001L and right lane 1001R.In right lane, as shown in the figure, be that black vehicle 1003, white vehicle 1005 and middle part have shade vehicle 1007.Imaging system on the satellite receives the reflection luminous energy from the scenery of different vehicle and encirclement road 1001.The background image that the luminous energy that receives on the satellite then contrasts specific scenery compares, and this background image has the predetermined congested in traffic amount on specified link.By the zone that covers in the satellite optical system of point-control operation pattern by grid division, wherein each grid have be stored in pattern recognition mechanism in the relevant specific identifiers of background image.Congested in traffic service institute at the user can send message (digital or simulate) with the specific identifiers of this interested geographic area of specific user, pattern recognition mechanism (Fig. 9) will prepare and relevant congestion information is provided to CPU, so that the preparation response message, the crowded amount of the specific lower part (subportion) of this response message report satellite optical system institute aiming area.Adopt this congestion information, ISP or terminal use can show the indication (as color, as being used to show very crowded redness) that covers (overlay) on the road that presents at computer-generated image.The driver can use this information to find least congested traffic route, perhaps advise new traffic route so that transportation to reach the time minimum.The program of such mark meter map is provided on many modern vehicle, the display screen that the user can watch is housed on the vehicle, circuit wherein is provided, comprise the transportation suggestion that is used for Planned Route.Adopt crowded coverage information, display system can advise avoiding (or considering at least) current suggestion the route experience crowded amount select a route.

The reflector lamp quantity that receives, the observed quantity of contrast specified link becomes with the vehicle color that falls into specific screens.But on average, the zone of observation is big more, has a considerable amount of cars with enough reflectivity more, so that in road with have between the certain percentage of vehicle of high contrast gray scale and compare.And temporary transient data can be used for the comparison consecutive frame, whether have sailed highway so that determine these vehicles with high-contrast, and wherein the crowded amount of Guan Chaing is the function of vehicle distances, and vehicle distances is the function of time.

Figure 10 b shows the situation of the degree of crowding of left traffic track 1001L much smaller than right traffic track 1001R.In this case, the congested in traffic informational message that produces on satellite is sent to terminal use or mark Map Services with road-crowded especially message.Figure 10 c shows another kind of situation, and wherein left-lane 1001L is more crowded than right lane 1001R.

Figure 11 has shown the computer facility that ground station 308 adopts, the request that is used to produce e-mail warning message, hustle traffic informational message and reception congestion traffic message.Similarly, the terminal 11110 of Fig. 1 also provides the intermediate communication facility to be used for and will to be sent to marine vessel such as steamer 1200 (Fig. 3) about meteorological information and imaging data, makes steamer 1200 receive up-to-date weather information by relay live or by ground mechanism or LEO communications facility.Terminal 11110 comprises a plurality of elements by system bus 1150 interconnection.Bus 1150 links to each other CPU1100 with RAM1190, be used to preserve temporary transient result and buffering and offer the view data of satellite and carry out the very temporary transient storage e-mail message of service message request wall hanging generation, so that distribute to the meteorology especially in subscriber-related its region.

The ROM1180 computer-readable instruction that storage is carried out by CPU1100 as program storage is so that realize method described herein.The operation that replacement is finished by CPU1100 or as its addition item, ASIC1175 and programmable logic array 1170 also be connected on the system bus and put in order message with by keyboard 1161, give directions device 1162 or 1163 inputs of on-housing keypad.By this way, can operating system and do operations necessary decision and control the operator of local operation terminal shown in Figure 11.Disk controller 1140 is connected on the system bus 1150, removable media drive 1141 and hard drives 1142.Communication controler 130 also is connected on the system bus 1150 and a mechanism is provided, and by this structure data is sent in bilateral mechanism on radio frequency line 1131 or the wireless or wired ground network in network 1132 via satellite.I/O controller 1120 and outside hard disk 1121 and printer 1122 interconnection.Display controller 1110 be used to prepare map and inside LCD display 1112 and the CRT1111 interconnection of message it is distributed to the user.

Figure 12 is the process stream flow chart that explanation is used to control the high-resolution operator scheme and produces the congested in traffic information that is observed by geo-stationary orbit and produce the message of being used by congested in traffic information service.This process is begun by step S1201, whether scans the satellite optical system so that overall image to be provided in step S1201 inquiry.If to the response of the inquiry of step S1201 whether, then process proceeds to step S1202, at step S1202, carries out overall normal image and handles, then this process finishes.If but to the inquiry response be sure, then process proceeds to step S1203, in step 1203, if selected, then uses overall imaging execution high-resolution operator scheme.

Then process proceeds to step S1204, and in step 1204, the user can discern the specific region to guarantee to be operated in spot scan operation, the zone that the view data of collection will be used to select.Process proceeds to step 1205 then, and it is average to be subjected to not finished capable frame buffer in step 1205 inquiry, if the resolution that provides the enough time to be used to catch a plurality of frames in the specific region then can obtain to improve is provided.If the response to the inquiry in the step 1205 is sure, process proceeds to step S1206, at step S1206, obtains the average of consecutive frame, and behind the frame (x is as 5 frames) of compiling and average predetermined quantity with the frame standardization of being synthesized.Process then proceeds to step S1207, in step 1207, whether the synthetic frame and the frame of storage relatively with the difference and the threshold of two frames, are small enough to indicate the volume of traffic that observes to be equal to and certain relevant predetermined degree of crowding of picture frame of storing so that determine the degree of difference.Process proceeds to step S1201 then, at step S1201, sends a message to the crowded ISP (ISP) of message by RF communication or by digital communication on ground network.Process then proceeds to step 1209, and at step S1209, ISP or user oneself can be according to the supplemental messages of user's present located ad-hoc location request preparation about traffic congestion.

Figure 13 is the data structure that the particular message content that is provided by ground terminal system (perhaps satellite system) is provided, so that congested in traffic degree information is reported to user or user's service.First data field 1301 comprises requestor's identification.Requestor's identification and database are contrasted so that determine whether to allow the specific user to use this service.Data field 1302 comprises specific user's geographic area identification, provides the suitable data about user specific geographical area of living in so that guarantee satellite.Data field 1303 comprises according to certain specific degrees relevant with the degree of crowding (mobile, mobile, crowded a little at a slow speed) indicates the crowded report key of the different degree of crowdings.Data field 1304 then comprises and observes degree of crowding indicating device, the crowded report key in its corresponding data district 1303.

Figure 14 is the flow chart of the message traffic returns service method that adopts that can provide in user's particular vehicle.This process starts from step S1401, in step 1401, specific demonstration place as vehicle the user in reception congestion message.Process proceeds to step S1403 then, in step S1403, shows around the map and the stack of the congestion information on user's travel route of user's ad-hoc location.Process proceeds to step S1405 then, and in step 1405, the processor of user terminal as shown in figure 11 (can be all-purpose computer) is according to the quick route that is travelled for the user by the congestion information identification of imaging satellite system report in advance.Process proceeds to step S1409 then, whether has selected to select a route step 1409 query manipulation person.If the response to inquiry is sure, then process proceeds to step S1411, and in step 1411, the map update displayed to revise has shown new selection schemer, and process finishes then.

Figure 15 is the method flow diagram that the meteorological alert service of e-mail that provides to the user is provided, wherein discerned this user and be positioned at certain geographical zone, and observe meteorological time effects at present should the zone.This process starts from step S1501, and in step 1501, service station such as ground station 308 (Fig. 3) receive the phosgene image data alive from imaging satellite.Process proceeds to step S1503 then, at step S1503, with the meteorological pattern of meteorological mode data with (the carrying out as the pattern recognition mechanism 935 that can adopt Fig. 4) that contrast the particular event of writing down in advance, makes to detect certain meteorological pattern.Process proceeds to step S1505 then, and in step 1505, then the result according to pattern recognition analysis judges the meteorological pattern of harmfulness.Subsequently, process proceeds to step S1507, produces e-mail message and it is assigned at step S1507 and judge among the step S1505 and will produce in the zone of harmfulness meteorology.In addition, e-mail message is sent to media pack and user, make and to take correct action and safety precaution.In addition, e-mail message can be sent to media pack, makes to report and to have an X-rayed message report according to these specific meteorological patterns.

Figure 16 is the flow chart of describing according to the inventive method, wherein gives " explanation " service that is used for providing to the commodity transaction service " data supply " by satellite 300 or 314 data allocations of collecting.This process starts from step S1601, in step S1601, receives lively atmosphere in real time and resembles video data.In step S1603, explain the service interprets data by central authorities.Central authorities explain that service comprises the mode identificating software of a sector, a sector (geography), and cloud layer activity, lightning, light and color in this software identification direct image are to determine the feature of meteorological activity in the particular sector.For example, in certain sector, can unexpected thunderstorm rain take place when specific grain harvest, might take place so very much than expecting the bigger loss of cereal harvest loss.

When identifying warning in step S1605, the central explanation served to having asked the specific user's Query Database about the information of the interior activity of particular sector (this sector is relevant with specific cereal harvest in this case).When having recognized the user in step S1607, process proceeds to step S1609, in step S1609, notifies the relevant meteorological data of the current particular commodity price of these specific customer impacts.Can by e-mail, pager message or other type be wireless or wire communication message is notified the user.This message can be the wired message that sends ad-hoc location to, by no line mechanism (or passing through cable network) broadcasting, makes the dealer who is on the commodity floor receive these data and do appraisal in real time and transaction according to these data.Like this, in step S1610 by wireless relay give this area user data be one according to the present invention any mechanism of distribute data.Subsequently, process finishes.

Adopt the method for Figure 16, make (on the future market) commodity transaction person according to provide to the public but the data that provide in cost-effective especially mode actively, carry on trade effectively.Figure 17 describes the present invention to be used to notify the flow chart of specific user about being observed by geo-stationary orbit, can influence the specific weather event of transit route.This process starts from step S1701, receives data at step S1701, explains to serve by central authorities at step S1703 then data are explained.Central authorities' explanation service can observe the specific transit route of user's request.Process proceeds to step S1705 then, in step S1705, describes the feature in the meteorological data that influences specific transit route (or other influence is as traffic jam).When detecting the particular grid unit (geographic area that promptly observes) with specific question, process proceeds to step S1707, needs notified relevant meeting to influence the user inquiring database of the incident of specific transit route for asking in step S1707.

In case recognized the specific user, process proceeds to step S1707, in step S1709 electronic information is sent to the user.As answer, the user can determine to make the property (as the truck on the particular roadway) that exists in this scope to change travel route maybe can to select not at the vehicle of at that time sending in the garage.Process can comprise step S1710 arbitrarily, by radio transmitting data broadcasting will be run into the vehicle of the traffic route that is obstructed to being predicted as horse back in step S1710.Subsequent process finishes.

This transportation service can be used for shipping business (truck and ocean cargo ship).Transportation service can be by this way by rigging the market economically for its property of subdispatch that covers by corresponding shipping fleet.Except the goods shipping, data can also offer aircraft industry similarly, and wherein the service of airport and specific course line can adopt these data to detour with navigation on least crowded course line.An advantage of this measure is aircraft (thereby avoiding turbulent flow) flight of will having an opportunity along the area of avoiding meteorological interference, but also avoids incuring loss through delay on the airport when relevant meteorological delay occurring.

Figure 18 is the flow chart of process of the present invention, wherein receives meteorological data in step S1801, files in step S1803 then.With the data filing while (although can handle with serial mode), central analysis facility actual figure according to one's analysis in step S1804.The identification of central analysis facility can be subjected to the different geographic regions of natural calamity adverse effect.The cyclone prognoses system is exactly an example.When cyclone (or other incident) when occurring, the central analysis facility is these specific natural calamities of Real time identification clearly, thereby and then provide prenoticing of guarantee by local director and agency in the database identification inquiry this area in step S1807.

The inventor has been found that a weak point of existing system is, because the extensively potential motion of the meteorological pattern of the harmfulness of prediction in very big geographic range, therefore a lot of people get used to not believing that natural calamity can really influence them.But the partly cause of " unreliable " information is to be difficult to predict from the discontinuous image of time of the meeting generation activity relevant with specific meteorological density.In contrast, the present invention can actively follow the tracks of the harmfulness weather event, makes to send " specific notification " to the individual, informs that it not only natural calamity occurs in its position, and very might have influence on them.Therefore, the possibility that experiences the harmfulness weather event owing to people is bigger compared with the legacy notifications system, so people can obtain giving advance notice to take safe precaution measure.

Therefore, to avoid its injury that is subjected to insurance company is benefited, reduces the insurance indemnity expense thus owing to the individual takes adequate precautions.Subsequent process proceeds to step S1811, and the assessment data after step S1811 receipt natural calamity is then to its distribution.Give insurance appraiser and similar personnel with this data allocations, make and after specific natural calamity incident, take special and reaction fast.Figure 19 be how to show for meteorological relevant incident make the reallocated process of resource of special communal facility.Process starts from step S1901, receives data in step S1901 in real time.Subsequent process proceeds to step S1904, and main utility service is assessed these data and predicted that by the specific facilities service fierce meteorological position is with residing zone in step S1904.In case recognize this zone, process proceeds to step S1905, and specific communal facility in step S1905 (operating with manual or automatic by electronic distribution message) is controlled.Impose control by the power of being reallocated in grid (having electric utility device) by transmission instruction or message, central utility service can be according to the fierce meteorological load that changes power output that arrives in the specific region.Utility company adopt by this way the up-to-date meteorological data that provides in fierce meteorology to utilize the communal facility system most economically.Subsequent process finishes.

Another embodiment of the present invention be adopt the predictability meteorologic model with in model with " T " as real-time parameter.General such model with separate, frame ground of frame of time discrete date works.But, by adopting the present invention, can in meteorologic model, adopt the real time data equivalent in case acquisition about the better reliability of change information speed in the predictive models.

Such as will be understood by the skilled person in the art, can adopt according to this specification and instruct the general applications microprocessor of programming to realize mechanism and the process that illustrates in this specification.Skilled programmer can promptly be ready to suitable software coding program according to disclosed instruction, and this is conspicuous to this various equivalent modifications.

The present invention also comprises the product that utilizes computer, can be installed on the storage medium, and comprise and can be used for computer programming to finish the instruction of process of the present invention.This storage medium can include but not limited to any kind dish, comprises floppy disk, CD, CD-ROM, magneto optical disk, ROM, RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, fast storage, magnetic or light-card, or any medium that is suitable for the store electrons instruction.

Obviously, can make multiple improvement and change to the present invention according to above-mentioned instruction.Therefore to understand and in the scope of accessory claim rather than according to the special instruction here, to implement the present invention.

As an example, current information is collected real time data and these data is distributed to the user with various forms by geo-stationary orbit.In one embodiment, data are distributed to the user with wireless device such as cell phone (comprising i-type phone), PCS communication equipment, hand-held device (as PALM IV), laptop computer, beep-pager, wireless navigation device, personal digital assistant and analog by terrestrial information service centre.Data can continuous dispensing, or determines that at information service center the user has the incident of potential interest that the back has taken place and distributes, and then message alert is sent to the user, sends related data to user.Message alert can comprise text message.Video information, audio-frequency information or be shown to remote computer (as wireless device) to produce the event signal of audible alarm.In addition, the present invention adopts network server to provide a movable content page to the user who is connected to by Internet on the webpage.An example is that network server download small routine, java script or other executable code are used for initiatively upgrading the data that provided by network server to the user.The user catches up with the interested relevant weather event of user by this way.

Modification according to the 19th of treaty

42, a kind of method that provides data relevant with commodity-value to commodity transaction person comprises step:

Reception is from the realtime image data of meteorological activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of conveyer in the geo-stationary orbit and this predetermined portions;

Analyze described realtime image data and in described realtime image data, identify the feature that shows the incident that influences the current or future value of commodity,

Preparation is reported to the police about the described current or future value message of described commodity and is discerned described commodity; And

Show that to commodity transaction person the remote computer that described message is reported to the police sends described message warning.

43, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein

Described identification step comprises that the described incident of identification is at least one of thunderstorm rain or cyclone.

44, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein

Described commodity are the food commodity.

45, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein

Described commodity are cereal.

46, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein

Described preparation process is included in the explanatory note of the incident of inserting in the described message alert.

47, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein

Described preparation process comprises, comprises the view data of incident in described message alert.

48, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein

Described preparation process comprises, the possibility indication of the described incident of the described current or future value of the described commodity of plug-in effect.

49, method as claimed in claim 48, wherein

Described preparation process comprises, the variation of the current or future value that provides according to described possibility is provided in described message is reported to the police.

50, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein:

Described forwarding step comprises that sending described message with one of e-mail message, pager message and the announcement of Web website at least reports to the police.

51, method as claimed in claim 50, wherein:

Described Web website is announced and is comprised, initiatively upgrades the Web browser display screen by the execution of one of java applet and java script at least.

52, method as claimed in claim 42 further comprises step:

At described remote computer described message warning is shown as one of text message, video image and audible alarm at least.

53, method as claimed in claim 42, wherein:

One of display panel, radiotelephone installation and personal digital assistant that described remote computer is at least portable computer, can be checked by a plurality of dealers.

54, method as claimed in claim 42 further comprises step:

The user's of incident generation message addresses is apprised of in Query Database and identification request, wherein

Described forwarding step comprises the message addresses that described message is sent to the described user who discerns in described query steps.

55, a kind ofly finish the device of analysis, be used for providing commodity monovalence value related data, comprising to commodity transaction person by computer:

Receiver is used for by the conveyer reception earth surface predetermined portions of geo-stationary orbit and the realtime image data of the cloud layer activity on this predetermined portions;

Processor, be used for analyzing described realtime image data and discern the feature that described realtime image data shows the incident that influences the current or future value of commodity, can report to the police and discern the described commodity of described message in reporting to the police about the message of the described current or future value of described commodity preparing described processor programming; And

Outlet terminal is used for exporting described message to communication channel and reports to the police to be used for described message reported to the police and be shown to commodity transaction person's remote computer.

56, analytical equipment as claimed in claim 55, wherein:

Described processor is used to discern described incident and is one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone at least.

57, analytical equipment as claimed in claim 55, wherein:

Described outlet terminal is used for so that one of e-mail message, speech information and the announcement of Web website send described message warning at least.

58, analytical equipment as claimed in claim 57, wherein:

Described processor is used to realize downloading at least, and the Web server of one of java applet and java script shows so that dynamically update the Web browser of realizing on described remote computer.

59, analytical equipment as claimed in claim 58 further comprises::

Database, the user's that the incident that is used in will obtain notifying when taking place message addresses is encoded to it; Wherein

Described processor is used to inquire about described database and determines that incident will send the message addresses that message is reported to the police when taking place.

60, a kind of method that is used to the instrument of regulating the traffic comprises step:

Reception is from the realtime image data of cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of conveyer in the geo-stationary orbit and this predetermined portions;

The feature of the incident that the vehicles that analyzing described realtime image data and discerning in the described realtime image data performance influences the predetermined delivery route steadily pass through;

Preparation has along the transit route direction message that shifts the instruction that transit route travels; And

To being used for that the vehicles that are subjected to events affecting are shown that the remote computer of described transit route direction message sends transit route direction message.

61, method as claimed in claim 60, wherein:

Described identification step comprises that the described incident of identification is at least one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone.

62, method as claimed in claim 60, wherein:

Described forwarding step comprises at least with one of e-mail message, speech message and the announcement of the Web website described transit route direction message of transmission.

63, method as claimed in claim 62, wherein:

Described Web website is announced and is comprised by carrying out the next Web browser screen that initiatively upgrades of one of java applet and java script at least.

64, method as claimed in claim 60 further comprises step:

On described remote computer, described transit route direction message is shown as one of text message, video image message and audible alarm at least.

65, method as claimed in claim 60, wherein:

Described remote computer is portable computer, be installed in one of guider, radiotelephone installation and personal digital assistant on the described vehicles.

66, method as claimed in claim 60 further comprises step:

Query Database and identification have the message addresses of the vehicles of traffic route, and described traffic route comprises a part of described predetermined delivery route at least, wherein

Described forwarding step comprises that the message addresses to the described vehicles of discerning sends described transit route direction message in described query steps.

67, method as claimed in claim 60, wherein:

Described predetermined delivery route is one of in land route, air route, the course line waterborne at least.

68, method as claimed in claim 60, wherein:

The described vehicles are one of in truck, steamer and the aircraft at least.

69, a kind of computer realization analytical equipment that is used to the instrument of regulating the traffic comprises:

Receiver is used for receiving the realtime image data from cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of geo-stationary orbit transmitter and this predetermined portions;

Processor, be used for analyzing described realtime image data and discern described realtime image data performance influence described in the predetermined portions influence the steady feature of the incident by predetermined communications and transportation route, to described processor programming to prepare to have along the transit route direction message that shifts the instruction that transit route travels; And

Outlet terminal is used for exporting described transit route direction message to remote computer to communication channel, and described remote computer is used for showing described transit route direction message to the vehicles that are subjected to events affecting.

70, as the described analytical equipment of claim 69, wherein:

The described incident that described processor is used to discern is at least one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone.

71, as the described analytical equipment of claim 69, wherein:

Described outlet terminal is used for so that one of Internet e-mail message, speech information and the announcement of Web website send described transit route direction message at least.

72, as the described analytical equipment of claim 71, wherein:

Described processor is used to realize to download the Web server of one of java applet and java script at least, shows so that dynamically update the Web browser of realizing on described remote computer.

73, as the described analytical equipment of claim 69, wherein:

Database is encoded to it with the message addresses of the vehicles with traffic route, and described traffic route comprises the part of described predetermined delivery route at least; Wherein

Described processor is used to inquire about described database so that determine to send the message addresses of transit route direction message.

74, a kind of method of managing communal facility comprises step:

Reception is from the realtime image data of cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of transmitter in the geo-stationary orbit and this predetermined portions;

Analyze described realtime image data and discern the feature that shows the incident of demand on the pre-determined service areas that influences in the described realtime image data;

Reserve assets reallocation message, with live load by serving assets in the described pre-determined service areas usually to other communal facility assets transfer; And

Described assets reallocation message is sent on the control computer, and described control computer is used for to small part live load being shifted to other assets from the assets of serving pre-determined service areas usually.

75, as the described method of claim 74, wherein

Described identification step comprises that the described incident of identification is at least one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone.

76, as the described method of claim 74, wherein

Described forwarding step comprises so that one of e-mail message, direct control signal, speech information and the announcement of Web website send described assets reallocation message at least.

77, as the described method of claim 76, wherein

Described Web website is announced and is comprised by carrying out the next Web browser screen that initiatively upgrades of one of java applet and java script at least.

78, as the described method of claim 76, wherein

Described assets are electric power asset.

79, a kind of computer implemented communal facility asset allocation device comprises:

Receiver is used for receiving the realtime image data from cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of geo-stationary orbit transmitter and this predetermined portions;

Processor, be used for analyzing described realtime image data and discern the performance of described realtime image data influence the feature of the incident of load on the presumptive area of communal facility assets, to described processor programming with the assets of preparing to have the instruction that the load expection changes on the described zone of reallocation according to the generation of the described incident message of reallocating; And

Outlet terminal sends to described assets reallocation message on the control computer, and described control computer is used for to small part live load being shifted to other assets from the assets of serving pre-determined service areas usually.

80, as the described device of claim 79, wherein

Described processor is used to discern described incident and is one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone at least.

81, as the described device of claim 79, wherein

Described assets are electric utility assets.

82, a kind of method of simulating meteorological pattern comprises step:

Reception from transmitter in the geo-stationary orbit to be lower than minute the realtime image data of cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions gathered at interval and this predetermined portions;

Analyzing the employing time is the described realtime image data of parameter, and described parameter has minute resolution that is lower than between the adjacent image that is produced by described realtime image data.

Discern the feature of the meteorological dependent event of indicating to follow the tracks of in the described realtime image data.

Store each and be lower than minute relevant position of the described feature at interval

By the projection of the following position of described feature, moving of described feature predicted in the projection of the temporary transient pattern of the past position by the described feature that stores in described storing step.

83, as the described method of claim 82, wherein:

Described incident is one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone at least.

84, a kind ofly alleviate the relevant meteorological method of destroying and injuring, comprise step by issue particular alert message:

Reception is from the realtime image data of cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of transmitter in the geo-stationary orbit and this predetermined portions;

Analyze described realtime image data and discern the feature that influences the great weather event of alarm region in the described predetermined portions of earth surface in the described realtime image data;

Query Database is with the identification station address, and this user has the property that is positioned at described alarm region.

Prepare the message of described user's addressing to be reported to the police; And

Send described message to described user and report to the police, make the user can take to guarantee the step of inherently safe step and user's property safety.

85, as the described method of claim 84, wherein:

Described identification step comprises that the described great weather event of identification is one of thunderstorm rain and cyclone at least.

86, as the described method of claim 84, wherein:

Described preparation process is included in the explanatory note of the incident of inserting in the described message warning.

87, as the described method of claim 84, wherein:

Described preparation process is included in the view data that comprises presented event in the described message warning.

88, as the described method of claim 84, wherein:

Described forwarding step comprises so that one of e-mail message, speech information and the announcement of Web website send described message warning at least.

89, as the described method of claim 88, wherein:

Described Web website is announced and is comprised by carrying out the next Web browser screen that initiatively upgrades of one of java applet and java script at least.

90, a kind ofly alleviate the relevant meteorological computer implemented analytical equipment that destroys and injure, comprising by issue particular alert message:

Receiver is used for receiving the realtime image data from cloud layer activity on the earth surface predetermined portions of geo-stationary orbit transmitter and this predetermined portions;

Computer-readable medium is preserved User Information Database, and described database comprises user's address and geographic area.

Processor is used for analyzing described realtime image data and discerning the feature that described realtime image data influences the great weather event of alarm region in the described predetermined portions of earth surface; Described processor Query Database is prepared the message of described specific user's addressing is reported to the police if described alarm region is consistent with described geographic area.

Outlet terminal is used for described message warning is outputed to remote computer by communication channel, and described remote computer is used for reporting to the police to user's display message.

91, as the described analytical equipment of claim 90, wherein:

Described processor be used to discern described great weather event be at least thunderstorm rain and cyclone it

92, as the described analytical equipment of claim 90, wherein:

Described outlet terminal is used for sending described message with one of Internet e-mail message, speech information and the announcement of Web website at least and reports to the police.

93, as the described analytical equipment of claim 92, wherein:

Described processor is used to realize downloading the Web server of one of java applet and java script at least so that dynamically update the Web browser of realizing on described remote computer and shows.

94, a kind of method of evaluating relevant meteorological destruction comprises step:

Reception is from the realtime image data of artificial in the earth surface predetermined portions of transmitter in the geo-stationary orbit and physical feature;

Analyze described realtime image data and discern described about great weather event take place before and the variation of described feature after the great weather event;

Preparation sends the described variation of described feature to estimate the agency evaluation message.

Described evaluation message is sent to described evaluation agency.

95, as the described method of claim 94, wherein:

Described evaluation agency is an insurance company

96, as the described method of claim 95, wherein:

Described feature is one of shelter of property owners at least.

97, as the described method of claim 94, wherein:

Described evaluation agency is the insurance appraiser.

98, a kind of relevant meteorological evaluating apparatus that destroys comprises:

Be used for receiving device from the realtime image data of artificial in the earth surface predetermined portions of geo-stationary orbit transmitter and physical feature;

Be used to analyze described realtime image data and discern described about great weather event take place before and the device of the variation of described feature after the great weather event;

Be used for preparing the described variation of described feature is sent to the device of the evaluation message of estimating the agency.

Be used for described evaluation message is sent to described evaluation agency's device.

Claims (41)

1. the imaging satellite in the geo-stationary orbit comprises

Imageing sensor makes it place and produce the data of a series of images of at least a portion earth surface towards the earth; And

Conveyer is used for data are sent to remote location, makes to see described a series of images in real time at described remote location, wherein

Each image in the described a series of images has the resolution that is lower than km.

2. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described imageing sensor comprises charge-coupled device.

3. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 2, wherein:

Described charge-coupled device has Unit at least 1024 * 1024.

4. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 3, wherein:

Described charge-coupled device has Unit at least 2048 * 2048.

5. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 4, wherein:

Described charge-coupled device has Unit at least 4096 * 4096.

6. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1 further comprises:

Scanning system is used to change the relative position of imageing sensor and earth surface, makes the different piece of imageing sensor perception earth surface when producing the data of a series of images.

7. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 6 further comprises:

Optical subsystem is used for adjusting the visual field that is observed by described imageing sensor when producing the data of described a series of images.

8. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 6, wherein:

Described scanning system comprises the motor-driven mirror, is used for being radiated at light path on the described imageing sensor by regulating the motor-driven mirror with respect to the position adjustment of imageing sensor.

9. imaging satellite as claimed in claim 6, wherein:

Described scanning system comprises controlling organization, is used to control the rotation amount that is transmitted by the momenttum wheel on the described satellite, so that transmit satellite about the relative rotation of the earth and the tellurian relatively predetermined point of light path of described imageing sensor is changed.

10, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 6, wherein:

Described scanning system comprises controller, is used to adjust the scan operation of described scanning system so that described imageing sensor produces described image series according to stepping-gaze pattern.

11, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 6 further comprises:

But the software recognition processor is used to control described scanning system to carry out one of following operation at least: the full scan raster manipulation, and carry out earth reference and follow the tracks of operation, and the resident predetermined residence time of the predetermined portions of going up at the earth's surface.

12, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described transmitter comprises data compression mechanism, is used for before data are sent to described remote location data compression.

13, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described imageing sensor is used for producing at night the image of earth surface.

14, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described conveyer is used for described data are sent to another satellite by cross link.

15, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described conveyer is used for described data directly are sent to ground based terminal.

16, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described conveyer is used for described data are sent to described remote location by the ground communication network.

17, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described conveyer is used for described data are sent to network node, and described network node is used for described data are forwarded to described remote location by Internet.

18, the assembly that has at least four imaging satellites in geo-stationary orbit, each satellite comprises:

Imageing sensor makes it place and produce the data of a series of images of at least a portion earth surface towards the earth; And

Conveyer is used for data are sent to remote location, makes to see described a series of images in real time at described remote location, wherein

Each image in the described a series of images has the resolution that is lower than km, and each satellite is used for communicating with the ground installation that is positioned at the corresponding sight line of these at least four satellites in wherein said at least four satellites.

19, assembly as claimed in claim 18 further comprises:

At least one communication satellite is used for receiving and by ground remote terminal data being sent to remote location.

20, a kind ofly be used to catch and distribute method, comprise step from the realtime image data of geo-stationary orbit:

Form a series of images on ball surface at least partially, comprise

Frame speed or faster speed with 1 second/frame form a series of images, and

Form a series of images with the resolution that is lower than km;

Generation is about the data flow of this a series of images; And

Data are sent to remote location.

21, method as claimed in claim 21 further comprises step:

Receive data and produce image at remote location by the data of real-time scene.

22, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

The step of described formation a series of images comprises the scanning of imageing sensor that covering is comprised the visual field of earth surface predetermined portions, so that produce a series of images of diverse location on the earth surface.

23, method as claimed in claim 22, wherein:

The step of described formation a series of images comprises the visual field of adjusting imageing sensor by the light path that is adjusted to imageing sensor.

24, method as claimed in claim 23, wherein:

Described scanning step comprises that the adjustment mirror changes the light path that leads to described imageing sensor about the relative position of described imageing sensor.

25, method as claimed in claim 23, wherein:

Described scanning step comprises the speed of adjusting satellite-based momenttum wheel.

26, method as claimed in claim 23, wherein:

Described scanning step comprises that the described imaging sensor of scanning is to form stepping-watch attentively image series.

27, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

The step of described formation a series of images comprises that the control chart image-position sensor is to carry out one of full scan raster manipulation, earth reference tracking operation and dwell point adjustment operation at least.

28, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

Described transfer step comprises packed data.

29, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

The step of described formation a series of images is included in and forms a series of images night.

30, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

Described transfer step comprises by cross-couplings data is sent to another satellite.

31, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

Described transfer step comprises described data directly is sent to ground based terminal.

32, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

Described receiving step comprises by the ground communication network and receives data at remote location.

33, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein:

Described receiving step comprises by the Internet reception data as described ground communication network.

34, the imaging satellite in a kind of geostationary orbit comprises:

Be used to form the device of a series of images of at least a portion earth surface, comprise

Be used for one second the frame speed or the device of more speed formation a series of images,

Be used for forming the device of a series of images with the resolution that is lower than km;

Be used to produce the device of the data flow of representing a series of images; And

Be used for data are sent to the device of remote location.

35, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

Described imageing sensor is used to form the described data of a series of coloured images.

36, method as claimed in claim 21, wherein

The described step that forms a series of images comprises with colour and forms described a series of images.

37, imaging satellite as claimed in claim 34, wherein:

The device of described formation a series of images comprises the device that forms coloured image.

38, a kind of imaging satellite system with super-resolution ability comprises:

Imageing sensor, with its placement be used for geostationary orbit at platform, the data of a series of images on a part of earth surface placed and produce at least by described imageing sensor towards the earth; And

Conveyer is used for data are sent to remote location, makes to observe described a series of images at described remote location, wherein

Congested in traffic testing agency, be used for detecting by spatial observation to particular roadway on the volume of traffic and the described traffic indicators that comprises of described traffic message.

39, system as claimed in claim 38 further comprises map display system, is showing about being positioned at the congestion information of the particular roadway traffic congestion on the described map on this map display system.

40, a kind of marine weather forecast system comprises

Imageing sensor, it places and produces the data of a series of images of at least a portion earth surface towards the earth; And

Conveyer is used for data are sent to remote location, and making can be in described remote location real-time monitored to described a series of images, wherein

Each image in the described a series of images has the resolution that is lower than km, and wherein said remote location is a marine vessel, is used for receiving the meteorological pattern information that is provided by the optical information of collecting from described imageing sensor by the radio communication mode.

41, a kind of weather event reporting system comprises:

Imageing sensor, it places and produces the data of a series of images of at least a portion earth surface towards the earth; And

Conveyer is used for data are sent to remote location, and making can be in described remote location real-time monitored to described a series of images, wherein

Each image in the described a series of images has the resolution that is lower than km, wherein said transmitter is used for sending data to remote location, described remote location is used to produce the e-mail message that will send to the user, and report described imageing sensor occurred and observed the predetermined meteorological pattern that results from described remote location.

Images