CN1355893A - Improved coupling of light from small arc lamp to larger target - Google Patents
Improved coupling of light from small arc lamp to larger target Download PDFInfo
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- CN1355893A CN1355893A CN00808963A CN00808963A CN1355893A CN 1355893 A CN1355893 A CN 1355893A CN 00808963 A CN00808963 A CN 00808963A CN 00808963 A CN00808963 A CN 00808963A CN 1355893 A CN1355893 A CN 1355893A
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- light
- optical fiber
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- photoconduction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4298—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with non-coherent light sources and/or radiation detectors, e.g. lamps, incandescent bulbs, scintillation chambers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
- G02B6/0008—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted at the end of the fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4202—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
- G02B6/4203—Optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4206—Optical features
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/421—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical component consisting of a short length of fibre, e.g. fibre stub
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
A light guide (8) is used to couple light from an imaging source (1) having a large numerical aperture into a fiber optic component (7) with a relatively smaller numerical aperture. A tapered cladded rod, tapered fused bundle of optical fibers, tapered hollow reflective tube, CPC or negative lens when used as a light guide, provides for efficient coupling of light into a fiber optic component without loss of flux density. Such a system is especially advantageous when used with an imaging source that produces a very small image spot size with high numerical aperture, such as one producing a 1:1 image like a spherical off-axis reflector.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to collect and assemble electromagnetic radiation and this radiation that is coupled enters the field of the system of a target.
The background of invention
In the optical fiber technology field, target for a long time is system of exploitation, more effectively to collect and to assemble the electromagnetic radiation from noncoherent light source (near a pointolite).The radiation that common system's attempt guiding derives from a common incoherent light source enters a little spot definition, and can correspondingly not reduce radiation flux.
Normally, in this type systematic of exploitation, two kinds of measures have been taked.First kind is included between light source and the target and adopts convergent lens.This class convergent lens has several shortcomings usually: they usually are quite expensive, and it is many to take up room, and itself is difficult to centering, and they produce aberration and spherical aberration.Another kind of common measures is to adopt ellipsoidal mirror.These reflecting systems are still very expensive, and they have intrinsic shortcoming: they make image amplify naturally, cause that the flux density that arrives target reduces.
Prevailing prior art systems comprises a paraboloid that uses with lens, as shown in Figure 5.This paraboloid 9 forms the outer cover of lamp 1, and its surface applies with aluminium or silver.Adopt a window, sealed this outer cover that enters of this gas.The arc light of this lamp places paraboloidal focus, and it produces the output beam that infinite ray is formed.The reflectance coating reflection of aluminium or silver from UV through visible light to ultrared radiation.The result is for the application of similar medical illumination, to need the visible light filtrator to filter out undesirable UV and infrared radiation.Usually, adopt a transmission filter, it can not make wavelength obviously cut off.Thereby the output that is obtained is made up of UV and infrared radiation, and it is measured more than desirable quantity.When adopting the reflective filter device, the distance between lamp and the condenser lens must increase, to adapt to this filtrator.This has just reduced the coupling efficiency of this system.For optically-coupled being entered an output device 7, such as a fibre bundle, a condenser lens 10 is commonly used to make collimated beam to be focused into a little luminous point again.From the output numerical aperture of lens and the numerical aperture coupling of fibrous bundle, to obtain the coupling efficiency of maximum possible.Because inwardness parabolic and the condenser lens combination, arc light is not a constant in being amplified on the whole aperture on the fibrous bundle.The result is, the size of output luminous point is always greater than the arc light of lamp itself.This mechanism causes in the maximum possible brightness of focus point or reducing of flux density.With the aberration that condenser lens produces, the size that this type systematic produces a kind of luminous point is obviously greater than output and a kind of uneven distribution of arc gap (arc gap).
Fig. 6 represents another kind of ordinary constitution, is used for the output focusing from arc lamp is entered a fibrous bundle.In this case, the arc light of lamp places on the focus of electroded elliposoidal reverberator 3, and it is along the main shaft setting of this ellipsoid.Output fiber 7 is placed on the target 6, and it is positioned another focus along main shaft.The size on ellipsoid surface and the distance between two focuses have been determined the numerical aperture of output bundle.Because light has different paths from a focus to another focus, amplifying for all light is not constant.The result is, in the size of the output luminous point of another focus normally than big several times of arc light itself.This intrinsic amplification has reduced the brightness of arc light again.
Authorize people's such as Cross United States Patent (USP) 4,757,431 disclose a kind of collection and convergence system, and it utilizes a kind of from the recessed reflecting system of axle sphere, to strengthen the amount of the flux density of impact point in the former ellipsoid reflecting system, the instructions of this patent documentation is quoted for referencial use at this.The layout of this system as shown in Figure 7.Because this system allows to increase because of the flux density that its intrinsic zooming in 1: 1 causes at impact point, therefore has following shortcoming: its flux concentration efficient with the linearity between target 6 and the arc lamp 1 from wheelbase from reducing.Any attempt limits such throughput loss because the physical size of lighting source and shape and target or optical fiber output device 7 are restricted by making to minimize from axial translation.The United States Patent (USP) 5,430,634 of authorizing people such as Baker discloses at United States Patent (USP) 4, a kind of version of the off axis reflector system described in 757,431, wherein, a kind of concave toroidal reverberator is used in the position of concave spherical surface reverberator 4, and the instructions of this patent documentation also in this combination as a reference.
Tapered rod and cone combine the input light beam that enters endoscope usually, so that from the collection maximization of the light of major diameter light source, and the light that will collect is transformed to a littler spot definition and a bigger numerical aperture.Usually, these structures are very inefficent, because the length of cone is too short concerning reach optimal mapping on space and angle.The United States Patent (USP) 5,729,643 of authorizing people such as Hemlar discloses and has adopted a kind of conical fiber, and its input core diameter littler output diameter that comes to a point is so that be focused to a littler spot definition with light.
As 5,680,257 announcements of United States Patent (USP) of authorizing Aanderson, adopt the light beam integrated component of lens and taper integrator, and be used for to be a little spot definition and the reverberator that increases angular dispersed, all to be known in the prior art optical convergence.Yet, the system that all these are previous, the necessary numerical aperture that increases light.Therefore, these systems are inefficient when using when optically-coupled entered an optical fiber.Making great efforts to reduce optical numerical aperture that is obtained in the process of spot definition or the increase of dispersing, causing that the major part of the light of collection surpasses the numerical aperture of the output optical fibre that is positioned at image point.Like this, can not be at the incident light of the significant proportion of image point by this fiber transmission.Need in the prior art from the collection of light and the coupling of convergence system improvement light.
The general introduction of invention
In the field of the invention, usually wish to be imaged on the target 6 from the incoherent light of arc lamp 1, such as, the end of fiber or fibrous bundle.The optically-coupled of auto-convergence and collection system in the future enters an optical fiber, is best when the numerical aperture of reverberator or convergent lens and optical fiber target equates.Usually, from the numerical aperture of the light of fiber output will be with reflectors/lenses system or fiber identical, whichsoever less.This is because the general talkative one-tenth of optical fiber has an intrinsic numerical aperture, and on behalf of a light beam, it can have and be completely contained in the interior maximum propagation angle of optical fiber.Light by an optical fiber at any time surpasses the numerical aperture of fiber, and the leakage of light will take place.It is very important that this fact becomes, and no matter when optical fiber is bent, and causes that all the part of the effective numerical aperture of fiber reduces usually.Like this, just wish high flux density light by an optical fiber, its numerical aperture is less than the numerical aperture of fiber.
On the other hand, will guide to again from the maximum of the luminous flux of arc lamp and require to adopt a principal reflection mirror on the impact point with big as far as possible numerical aperture.Usually, from the high-NA light of this reflector/lens impact point will be than optical fiber or fibre bundle bigger.Because therefore above-mentioned transmission restriction, this means that the major part of the light that arrives target will can not be passed through the transmission of output fiber, and will lose.
The present invention has improved the prior art that optically-coupled is entered the major diameter target.It provides a kind of optically-coupled with high-NA to enter the mechanism of an intermediate light transformation device, be for conversion into a output with any convergence and the collected light of collection system like this, to be coupled to effectively and diameter and the large diameter single fiber of numerical aperture coupling or the input end of fibrous bundle with littler numerical aperture and bigger spot definition.Net result is with respect to prior art, and the system that coupling light enters same target is higher efficient and output.
The input light beam that tapered rod and cone combine usually and enter endoscope, so that from the collection maximization of the light of major diameter light source, and the light that conversion is collected enters a littler spot definition and a bigger numerical aperture.Usually, these structures are unusual poor efficiencys, because concerning reach optimal mapping on space and angle, the length of cone is too short.
The taper hollow tubular of band reflective inner surface is used for also that usually the light from light source " is compiled (funnel) " and becomes little spot definition.Such hollow conical pipe is worked as a funnel, and they respectively have an aperture at two ends, and an aperture is bigger than another.This pipe is in larger aperture place absorbing light, and reposefully it is converged to a little spot definition by reflection in conical surface, and when it when more the small-bore is located to leave, form bigger dispersing.Common and the LCD projector of the optical devices of these types, DMD projector and analog combine use.
The another kind of photoconduction that the present invention is had adaptitude is a kind of special shape of taper hollow tubular, just known compound parabolic concentrator, or " CPC ".CPC is just as the taper hollow tubular, but their interior reflective surface is parabola or curved surface.Such parabolic surface has been found in the light of big light emitted at a distance is concentrated into a little spot definition aspect is effective.Therefore, CPC collect that sunray is used to heat or generating aspect found general purposes.For these purposes, the input end of CPC has the bigger xsect of specific output end, and has much bigger numerical aperture from the light of output terminal emission.
Solid glass CPC can also construct and produce similar effects.Perhaps, lens can be used as photoconduction.As United States Patent (USP) 5,680,257 is described, and lens normally are used for optical convergence is become a little aiming pip.Also have, this purposes must cause the NA of light to increase, or disperses.
A photoconduction is that single awl coats bar or cone, awl welding optic fibre bundle, and the reflection cone hollow tubular, compound parabolic concentrator, concavees lens, or the form of their combination are placed in the image point of system, can make the transmission maximization by the light of optical fiber target.The present invention utilizes the device of prior art to make photoconduction, is used by the mode opposite with their common purposes mode.Above-mentioned device is positioned, and thus from the incident light of light collecting system guiding, such as from any one of above-mentioned prior art systems, spot definition increases and the angle distributes reduces, so that final light quantity maximization of collecting, and can be transmitted by an optical fibre device.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 adopts one from the synoptic diagram of the recessed reverberator of axle (off-axis) toroid as one embodiment of the present of invention of main gatherer.
Fig. 2 adopts one from the synoptic diagram of the recessed reverberator of axle ellipsoid as one embodiment of the present of invention of main gatherer.
Fig. 3 adopts the synoptic diagram of a recessed reverberator of coaxial expansion ellipsoid as one embodiment of the present of invention of main gatherer.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of concavees lens of expression as one embodiment of the present of invention of photoconduction.
Fig. 5 adopts a recessed reverberator of parabola and the prior art concentrator of condenser lens and the synoptic diagram of collector system.
Fig. 6 adopts the prior art concentrator of a recessed reverberator of ellipsoid and the synoptic diagram of collector system.
Fig. 7 adopts one to have with from the prior art concentrator of the recessed reverberator of toroid of the light source of axle relation location and target and the synoptic diagram of collector system.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention generally include a short arc light modulation 1, as shown in the figure.Suitable arc lamp comprises that the generation arc gap up to about 8 millimeters lamp, includes but not limited to xenon, mercury, and mercury-xenon, AC metal halide and DC metal halide type lamp, its power is 100-500 watt.Test shows that the acceptable result that obtains is: adopt 100 and 500 watts of xenon lamps and 250 and 270 wattage metal halide arc lamps, 1 millimeter, 1.5 millimeters, 2 millimeters, 3 millimeters and up to 6 millimeters arc gap.
Arc lamp 1 is used for combining with any known main collection system.Fig. 2 represents one embodiment of the present of invention, and wherein, one from recessed reverberator 2 usefulness of the axle ellipsoid gatherer of deciding.Fig. 3 represents an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein, and recessed reverberator 3 usefulness of coaxial ellipsoid gatherer of deciding.
Fig. 1 represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, one from recessed reverberator 4 usefulness of the axle sphere gatherer of deciding.In any one of the foregoing description, a retroeflector 5 can be used for being increased to main gatherer 2,3, or 4 luminous flux, respectively as Fig. 1, shown in 2 and 3.Main gatherer and retroeflector 5 are collected the light of special wavelength or are wished that very the occasion of broadband electromagnetic radiation can apply dielectric material selectively for hope, aluminium, or silver.For example, radiation is the occasion that is used for the purpose of visible illumination, and this catoptron can apply with multi-layer dielectric coating, this coating reflect visible light, and rejection (reject) UV and IR radiation.This output will be the visible light that only depends on the color temperature of light source, such as the neon lamp of color temperature at the 6000K order of magnitude.Such light output is particularly suitable for visual application, such as in the surgery illumination.
Light from lamp 1 passes through main gatherer 2,3, or 4 are directed into an aiming pip 6.As Fig. 5, in the prior art systems shown in 6 and 7, a light transmission output device 7 is placed on aiming pip 6 places.In the present invention, device 8 that is used for the numerical aperture and the spot definition of the collected light of conversion, or " photoconduction " be placed on aiming pip is to transform to light a spot definition and a numerical aperture with the coupling of output device 7.For example, Fig. 1 is different with 7 photoconduction 6, and the luminous energy that this photoconduction 6 makes collection is more effectively by optical fiber 7 inputs and transmission, thereby, be increased in the useful light quantity of optical fiber 7 far-ends.
Be fit in an embodiment of the present invention make photoconduction 8 with different optical device.
Adopting an awl to coat bar in the present invention is that the optimal mapping that the angle for light distributes provides as transformation device.Its space distribution on the contrary can be best, because be not uniformly usually from the output that coats bar, and comprises the concentric ring of light.Yet if final output device 7 is fibrous bundles at random, light will spread in output place of fibrous bundle, does not have negative effect in the uneven input of space distribution.An awl fused bundle can replacedly be used as photoconduction, but an awl fused bundle is when transmission light arrives final goal, and efficient is lower with respect to same length glass is made an awl bar.Therefore, play transformation device 8 from one, or the light of the awl fused bundle of photoconduction is easier is coupled into a large diameter single fiber, to produce one from filamentary even output.If adopt a shorter fused bundle awl, then the loss of whole transmission is with regard to energy minimization.A fused bundle awl provides better spatially uniform for shorter length, because the minor diameter of the individual fibers of fused bundle awl, usually less than 80 microns, in about 30 (doubly) diameter range of individual fibers, translation-angle and space distribution.
The hollow reflection tube of awl, or CPC in an embodiment of the present invention, also can be used as photoconduction.The pipe of this more small-bore or CPC will be placed on aiming pip, and light is transformed a NA who approximately equates with output device and output diameter like this.
This class photoconduction can be coated, only to reflect the light of certain wavelength, such as adopting multi-layer dielectric coating.If collection of being adopted and convergence system do not have the ability of filtering undesirable light, then hollow reflection tube of the awl of band coating or band coating CPC will provide this ability to the user.Output from hollow reflection tube of awl and CPC has a nonuniform space distribution usually.
Another embodiment of photoconduction of the present invention as shown in Figure 4.Concavees lens 11 during as photoconduction, make light r
5And r
6Change direction and enter output device 7, light more departs from normal aiming pip surface like this.In the preferred embodiment, adopt the lens on a tape guide plane.This deflection is because littler NA and bigger spot definition causes more effective coupling.As the concavees lens of photoconduction, coat bar and awl fused bundle as awl, can filter the light of undesirable wavelength as filtrator.When adopting lens as photoconduction, should be noted that: the light that sends from photoconduction spatially will be uneven, and may comprise spherical aberration.Concavees lens are used in combination with fused bundle and will improve spatially uniform.
In another embodiment of the present invention, fused bundle or coat cylindrical bar, its NA is similar to output device with diameter, can be placed between photoconduction and the output device, like this, transfers to output device from the light of photoconduction by this bar or bundle.One of a kind of and above-mentioned two kinds design that combines will have favourable practical characteristics.Even it is inhomogeneous that input distributes, the space distribution of the output of fused fiber splice bundle also can be uniform.Therefore, when adopting one to produce the photoconduction of nonuniform space distribution, coat bar such as awl of picture, concavees lens, or bore hollow reflection tube, such fused bundle can provide and evenly input to the optical fiber output device.The coating bar that is used for this purpose, if the optical fiber output device is responsive especially to heat, and thereby need to remove the heat that is present in aiming pip, that will be particularly advantageous.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: use specific type photoconduction in embodiments of the present invention to change according to the purpose and the characteristics of output device and convergence system, comprise: whether wish filter light, whether the optical fiber output device is responsive especially to heat, whether homogeneous space distributes necessary, and whether special system has size restrictions.
In an illustrated embodiment, in order to collect light the biglyyest at aiming pip 6, two kinds of conditions are preferred: (i) the input diameter of aiming pip 6 must be the twice at least of arc gap length, to guarantee that aiming pip 6 collected total light surpass 80% and (ii) should maximize in the numerical aperture (" NA ") of aiming pip 6 main collection systems.The latter realizes by adopting a main gatherer with maximum possible NA.Yet output device 7 such as ultimate fibre or fibrous bundle, can have the NA littler than the NA of main gatherer.For example, the light of the aiming pip of next autonomous gatherer can have the NA of 0.7-0.8, and output fiber or fibrous bundle approximately are 0.5, and this is typical fibrous bundle.This not matching aspect NA if only be directly coupled to the output fiber, will cause a large amount of losses of light and produce undesirable heat.In the preferred embodiments of the present invention that are discussed below, a kind of transformation device 8, with the form of awl fused bundle and awl coating bar, the big NA light that main gatherer is sent is for conversion into a kind of littler NA, as the light r among Fig. 1
1And r
2Shown in.
From basic optical, if coming to a point by glass with its length, the diameter of photoconduction increases, and the angle θ of illumination will reduce, and numerical aperture also will reduce like this.Therefore, become a bigger output area by come to a point a fused bundle or coating bar from a less input area, the angular setting of illumination is to being complementary with output device 7.According to the angle θ of illumination, the diameter d of optical fiber transversal section and numerical aperture NA, the relation of its inherence is:
NA
1×d
1＝NA
2×d
2 (1)
NA wherein
i=sin (θ
i/ 2) (2)
In the present invention, as described in Figure 1, relation (1) and (2) is by photoconduction control, so that light quantity the best of the NA of optical fiber output device and diameter.
Any known mode is adopted in the output of lamp 1, and is recessed such as sphere, and toroid, or ellipsoid master lens system are imaged onto aiming pip 6.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, optimal results obtains by having 1: 1 imaging system, such as prior art from reel structure, as shown in Figure 7 because the flux density at target place increases.For not producing 1: 1 light source image, to collect and convergence system such as the light of arc lamp, luminous point must be littler than the size of target, to have the advantage of the present invention that describes below.Usually, the light that adopted is collected and the type of imaging system often is size and a size by target, the size of photoconduction and type, or the diameter of optical fiber period of output and type and their all numerical apertures are separately determined.
Utilize a concave toroidal reverberator in light collection and imaging system shown in Figure 1, and produce about 1: 1 from axle construction, or the arc light image that does not amplify.Yet, because the inherent optical aberration of this 1: 1 imaging system, if the optical transform device, or the input cross-sectional diameter of photoconduction just can be obtained maximum collection efficiency when being 2-3 times of arc gap size of lamp.In order to collect total light as much as possible, the numerical aperture of off axis reflector device is done greatly as much as possible.For example, in an off axis reflector device as shown in Figure 1, it approximately is 0.7 that NA is usually designed to, and it produces a light cone with about 90 degree solid angles (solid angle).A bigger numerical aperture system is possible, and is just limited by the mechanical arrangement of element.This angle is used θ in Fig. 1
1Expression.In order further to increase output, a retroeflector 5 is placed on the back of lamp, and is directly relative with principal reflection mirror.Retroeflector will reflect light by this lamp, and focus on by arc light, to increase luminosity of collecting by principal reflection mirror and the total output that increases image point, aiming pip 6 places.The not infringement in order to make maximum optically-coupled enter a plastic optical fibre such as heat, can be placed on a fused bundle awl and coat between the input of bar or awl fused bundle and plastic optical fibre.If it is optical transform device that awl coats bar, fused bundle also helps collecting transmission mode so, like this, produces more uniform output for being coupled to single plastic optical fibre or fibrous bundle.
Except adopting single general objective, the present invention also helps the transmission of more effective coupling and high-strength light as target by multifilament.This not only comprises the fibrous bundle (about 50 microns of diameter) of hundreds of or several thousand small diameter fibers, and comprises the bigger fibrous bundle that can transmit sufficient light quantity, for use in the scope of the commercial exhibition illumination of throwing light on from surgery.Compare with the ultimate fibre target, by glass, the multifilament target that quartz or plastics ultimate fibre are formed can directly be coupled, or depends on the output from the specific type of used photoconduction, makes the infringement to the fiber target minimize by medium fused bundle.Common optical fiber output device can from fibrous bundle (by small diameter fiber, usually its diameter less than 80 microns form) to the single large-diameter fibre-optical that usually makes with plastics.For a target with multifilament, the sectional area of every fiber is A (f), and the total quantity of fiber must be less than remove the number that fibrous bundle output sectional area obtains with A (f) in the fibrous bundle.
Other embodiments of the invention can be at direct light to several fibers as the optical fiber output device, wherein, the diameter of every fiber usually greater than 0.1 millimeter less than 5 millimeters.Another embodiment of the present invention is a profile fiber illuminator, and wherein, the maximum by every optical fiber only is transformed into numerical aperture with single optical fiber by the numerical aperture with light collecting system and is complementary and obtains.In addition, will bore fused bundle or awl and coat bar and combine, and provide almost and exported uniformly, thereby essentially identical light quantity will be coupled to each independent optical fiber in the output bundle with fused bundle.
In essence, it is more effective than the awl fused bundle in whole transmission that awl coats bar.On the other hand, awl coats bar, compared with the awl fused bundle, requires a longer length, with complete conversion NA, and requires a much longer length, to spread the form of this bar.That is to say that in order to change NA and for diffusion way, producing an output uniformly, the awl length of desired coating bar is longer when only requiring to change NA in fact.The minor diameter of the single fiber in the awl fused bundle, usually less than 80 microns, in 30 times of diameter ranges of about single fiber, translation-angle and space distribution.By contrasting, awl coats the bar even output of numerical aperture and generation space for a change and requires a much longer length.
Because a relative coating bar, fused bundle is a poor efficiency, which uses in an embodiment of the present invention make photoconduction and will depend on the size of optical fiber output device and the layout of main collector system.Final conversion numerical aperture and total efficiency as for awl fused bundle or awl coating bar will be determined for how much according to simple optics, and change according to cone angle and the length that taper produces thereon.
The light source of supposing each embodiment has wide spectrum output, and in the present invention, the discriminating of wavelength realizes by the following method, promptly dielectric coat is coated to the surface that inputs or outputs of the main reflector of light collector system and/or optical transform device.
Adopt a kind of have amplify at 1: 1 from the imaging shaft system, such as a kind of system shown in Figure 1, this will influence all the other selection of components.Because principal reflection mirror has big collection angle, therefore, target image has the picture of loosing phenomenon and other optical aberrations inherently, and these will cause the inevitable size greater than the arc gap of image.In 1: 1 imaging system, if the input diameter of optical transform device 8 be lamp the arc gap size 2-3 doubly, then the input value aperture of transformation device is similar to the numerical aperture of the input light of aiming pip, could obtain maximum collection efficiency.In Fig. 1, approximately be 0.7 from the NA of imaging shaft system, the NA of optical transform device is 0.66 or bigger.
If output device is 12 mm dia list core plastic optical fibers with 0.6NA, then the focus point that is produced all is suitable less than about 6 millimeters any imaging system.For the amplification in 1: 1 that in the imaging shaft system, exists, consider the optical aberration of stained image in system, the arc gap approximately is that 3 millimeters lamp will be suitable, to guarantee the light in aiming pip collection at least 80%.
In the general parameters of present embodiment, the diameter d of output optical fibre device
3Should approximately be equal to or greater than the output diameter d of awl photoconduction
2, the input diameter d of awl photoconduction
1, less than d
2And d
3, must be about twice (or for the imaging system of not specifying amplification characteristic of certain other type, approximate visual spot definition itself and arc gap than) of arc gap length.In addition, output optical fibre NA
3NA approximate NA greatly
2, from the output NA of optical transform device 8, and input NA
1, greater than NA
2, should be to light collecting system similar, to produce best total efficiency.In addition, the cone angle of element 8 and length are determined by equation 1.
Suppose that maximum collection efficiency of the present invention depends on the structure of collection and convergence/imaging eyeglass and photoconduction, so just have a series of structures or preferred embodiment will increase collected, by the light quantity of optical fiber target transmission, the amount that is increased depends on the size of target., in reel structure, obtain to require effective NA of principal reflection mirror to increase a kind of from the higher collection efficiency of principal reflection mirror.Yet by increasing the solid angle that light reflexes to target thereon, some light will amplify, and some will dwindle, rather than imaging in 1: 1, as shown in Figure 2.For example, as shown in the figure, light r
3More have reflection spot on the catoptron near lamp 1 than aiming pip 6, this will provide an enlarged image on target.Light r
4, as shown in the figure, more have reflection spot on the catoptron near catoptron than lamp, will provide an image that dwindles.The size of entire image, by all light and form, will increase the overall optical spot size from 1: 1.The increase of compensating images size requires the input diameter of awl bar or fused bundle to increase, so that the collection efficiency maximization should be the somewhere between about 2-3 times of light source arc gap length usually.Therefore, non-homogeneous imaging off-axis optical system is such as system shown in Figure 2, have part and amplify up to 3: 1, the lamp arc gap is 2 millimeters, and supposing does not have aberration, then this system will produce about 6 millimeters aiming pip diameter, and require 6 millimeters awl bar input.
Another kind is collected on big collection angle and the method for converging light is to adopt the ellipsoidal reflector of an expansion, as shown in Figure 3.Adopt this structure, most light is collected by reverberator, and still, amplifying is not 1: 1.Usually, this structure will have and be not less than 3: 1 amplification.In this case, the light NA of target remains too big, approximately is whole, is coupled into a major diameter target, and such as a fibrous bundle or a big single plastic optical fibre, the NA of each root approximately is 0.5-0.6.Collect with ellipse and prior art systems that the convergence reflex device combines in, reverberator is cut puts down, and does not comprise the outshot of reverberator 3a among Fig. 3.In prior art systems, can not use from the light of reverberator 3a outshot, because the light of partly collecting from high NA will have too high NA, and will can not be coupled into common fiber target, the NA of common fiber target is about 0.6 or littler.In this embodiment of the invention, coat bar or awl fused bundle,, high NA light is transformed into low NA such as photoconduction 8 with awl, so just can the additional optical flux, be transformed into than hanging down NA, so that be coupled into optical fiber target from higher.Have, the input diameter of awl photoconduction must be bigger than the arc gap of light source again, for this structure, and normally at least three times big.
If the output numerical aperture of awl photoconduction is less than the numerical aperture of optical fiber output device, the light by object transmission will be best so.The NA of output optical fibre is relevant with the input NA of awl photoconduction, sees relational expression (1), and the input NA of awl photoconduction normally is equal to or less than the NA of light collection and imaging system.The length of taper optical transform device is by the ratio of the NA of the input and output of device and fused bundle or coat whether bar is that taper is determined.Under one of two kinds situation, the input NA of awl photoconduction for the collection efficiency maximum at the target place, must equal the NA of the main gatherer at aiming pip place at least.
For example, 5 inches long awl coating bar can be used as photoconduction.Awl coats bar and has about 2.5 millimeters input diameter and about 4 millimeters output diameter.This bar transforms to light with about 0.7 output NA (such as from main collection system, as described in embodiment 1) about 0.45 output NA.This output light is coupled to the output fiber bundle of 5 mm dias and 0.5NA effectively.Compare with the coating bar that does not have awl, the output by the output fibrous bundle increases about 15%, and can be by input and output side dielectric ground coating antireflecting coating and the further increase at awl.
In another embodiment, the awl fused bundle has about 6 millimeters input end diameter and about 10 millimeters output terminal diameter, and this awl fused bundle is used to be coupled from childhood, and the light of arc lamp enters big fiber cores, about 12 millimeters of diameter.Compare with the fused bundle that does not have awl, the output of fiber cores has increased by 22%.
Thus, the present invention is described, and clearly, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, embodiments of the invention are changes and improvements in many aspects, and can not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, these any He all improvement all should be included in the scope of following claims.
Claims (35)
1. one kind is used to increase the system that optically-coupled enters optical fibre device, comprising:
One provides the electromagnetism of light to collect and convergence system, has a lamp, and its arc gap is of a size of S and the effective numerical aperture is NA
0
A fibre-optic light guide element, it is concavees lens, or a photoconduction, and its input end receives the light from described collection and convergence system, and its output terminal output is from the light of photoconduction, and the described input end of this photoconduction has input value aperture NA
1With the input diameter d
1, the described output terminal of this photoconduction has output numerical aperture NA
2With the output diameter d
2, wherein, described NA
1Be less than or equal to described NA
0, described NA
2Less than described NA
1, described S is less than described d
1, described d
1Less than described d
2With
An optical fiber output device receives the light from the output terminal of photoconduction, and output light, and described output device has diameter d
3With numerical aperture NA
3, wherein, described NA
3More than or equal to described NA
2And described d
3More than or equal to described d
2
2. system according to claim 1, wherein, described fibre-optic light guide comprises that an awl coats bar.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein, described fibre-optic light guide comprises an awl welding optic fibre bundle.
4. system according to claim 1, wherein, described photoconduction comprises a hollow tubular with reflective inner surface.
5. system according to claim 5, wherein, described hollow tubular comprises a compound parabolic concentrator.
6. system according to claim 1, wherein, described fibre-optic light guide element is concavees lens.
7. system according to claim 6, wherein, described system comprises that further a cylinder coats bar or fused bundle, between described concavees lens and described output device, arriving output device from the light transmission of photoconduction.
8. system according to claim 1, wherein, described system further comprises a welding optic fibre bundle, between described photoconduction and described output device, arriving output device from the light transmission of photoconduction.
9. system according to claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetism is collected and convergence system comprises the recessed reverberator of at least one sphere.
10. system according to claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetism is collected and convergence system comprises the recessed reverberator of at least one toroid.
11. system according to claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetism is collected and convergence system comprises a recessed reverberator of ellipsoid.
12. system according to claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetism is collected and convergence system comprises a retroeflector.
13. system according to claim 1, wherein, described optical fiber output device comprises an optical fiber.
14. system according to claim 1, wherein, described optical fiber output device comprises several optical fiber.
15. system according to claim 14, wherein, described optical fiber output device comprises the fused bundle of described several optical fiber.
16. one kind is used to increase the system that optically-coupled enters optical fibre device, comprises:
An electromagnetic radiation source, described source provides radiation, and it is that S and numerical aperture are NA that this radiation has diameter
0The output luminous point;
An optical fiber output device, being used to transmit diameter is d
3With numerical aperture be NA
3Light; With
An optical transform device is used to reduce from the numerical aperture of the output luminous point of radiation source and increases its diameter, and guides this radiation to enter the optical fiber output device, and described transformation device is concavees lens, or an input value aperture is NA
1, the input diameter is d
1, the output numerical aperture is NA
2With exporting diameter is d
2Device, wherein, described NA
1Be less than or equal to described NA
0, described NA
2Less than described NA
1, described S is less than described d
1, and described d
1Less than described d
2, described NA
3More than or equal to described NA
2, and described d
3More than or equal to described d
2
17. system according to claim 16, wherein, described optical transform device comprises that a taper coats bar.
18. system according to claim 16, wherein, described optical transform device comprises a taper welding optic fibre bundle.
19. system according to claim 16, wherein, described optical transform device comprises a hollow tubular with reflective inner surface.
20. system according to claim 19, wherein, described hollow tubular comprises a compound parabolic concentrator.
21. system according to claim 16, wherein, described transformation device is concavees lens.
22. system according to claim 16, wherein, described system comprises that further a cylinder coats bar, between described optical transform device and described output device, arriving this output device from the light transmission of this transformation device.
23. system according to claim 16, wherein, described system further comprises a welding optic fibre bundle, between described optical transform device and described output device, arriving this output device from the light transmission of this transformation device.
24. system according to claim 16, wherein, described electromagnetic radiation source further comprises a recessed reverberator of sphere and arc lamp.
25. system according to claim 16, wherein, described electromagnetic radiation source comprises a recessed reverberator of toroid and arc lamp.
26. system according to claim 16, wherein, described electromagnetic radiation source comprises a recessed reverberator of ellipsoid and arc lamp.
27. system according to claim 16, wherein, described electromagnetic radiation source comprises a main reflector and a retroeflector.
28. system according to claim 16, wherein, described optical fiber output device comprises an optical fiber.
29. system according to claim 16, wherein, described optical fiber output device comprises several optical fiber.
30. system according to claim 29, wherein, described optical fiber output device comprises the fused bundle of described several optical fiber.
31. system according to claim 1, wherein, described photoconduction comprises a three-dimensional compound parabolic concentrator.
32. system according to claim 1, wherein, described light provides system to comprise a lamp, and it is from by xenon, and mercury is selected in one group that mercury-xenon and metal halide lamp are formed.
33. system according to claim 1, wherein, described electromagnetism is collected and convergence system is 1: 1 image of S in the described arc gap of about generation, the described input of described photocon.
34. system according to claim 16, wherein, described optical transform device comprises a three-dimensional compound parabolic concentrator.
35. system according to claim 16, wherein, described electromagnetic radiation source further approximately comprises 1: 1 imaging system.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30295099A | 1999-04-30 | 1999-04-30 | |
| US09/302,950 | 1999-04-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1355893A true CN1355893A (en) | 2002-06-26 |
Family
ID=23169947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00808963A Pending CN1355893A (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-02-25 | Improved coupling of light from small arc lamp to larger target |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1175633A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002543467A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20020012555A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1355893A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4003900A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0010200A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2370508A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA01011058A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000067057A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1825210B (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2010-05-12 | 三星电子株式会社 | Off-axis projection optics system and extreme ultraviolet lithography apparatus employing the same |
| CN108370620A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-08-03 | 马特森技术有限公司 | The electrode tip of arc lamp |
| CN112119341A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-12-22 | 统一半导体公司 | Illumination device for a microscope |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW576933B (en) * | 2001-05-25 | 2004-02-21 | Wavien Inc | Collecting and condensing system, method for collecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source, tapered light pipe (TLP), numerical aperture (NA) conversion device, and portable front projection system |
| US6836576B2 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2004-12-28 | Wavien, Inc. | Polarization recovery system using light pipes |
| DE10207171A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-09-11 | Heraeus Med Gmbh | Irradiation device with flexible fiber optic cable |
| CA2487853A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Illuminator and projection image display employing it |
| EP1588129A2 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2005-10-26 | Yaskawa Eshed Technology Ltd. | Optical encoder |
| DE102004026141B4 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2017-04-06 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Optical observation device and method for adjusting an optical observation device |
| US8278841B2 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2012-10-02 | Innovations In Optics, Inc. | Light emitting diode light engine |
| US8541741B2 (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2013-09-24 | Perkinelmer Health Sciences, Inc. | Photonic measurement instrument using fiber optics |
| CN105822949A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-08-03 | 哈尔滨新光光电科技有限公司 | Uniform illumination system based on two reflecting covers |
| WO2016147378A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | ナルックス株式会社 | Optical system and optical element |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4076378A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1978-02-28 | American Optical Corporation | Tapered fiber optic array |
| US4360372A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1982-11-23 | Northern Telecom Limited | Fiber optic element for reducing speckle noise |
| GB8629989D0 (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1987-01-28 | Pa Management Consultants | Fibre optic coupling |
| JPH0588052A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-04-09 | Hitachi Electron Eng Co Ltd | Light source device for measuring instrument |
| US5560699A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-10-01 | General Electric Company | Optical coupling arrangement between a lamp and a light guide |
| US5692091A (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-11-25 | General Electric Company | Compact optical coupling systems |
-
2000
- 2000-02-25 CA CA002370508A patent/CA2370508A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-25 JP JP2000615841A patent/JP2002543467A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-25 CN CN00808963A patent/CN1355893A/en active Pending
- 2000-02-25 WO PCT/US2000/004700 patent/WO2000067057A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-25 EP EP00919336A patent/EP1175633A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-25 KR KR1020017013887A patent/KR20020012555A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-25 MX MXPA01011058A patent/MXPA01011058A/en unknown
- 2000-02-25 AU AU40039/00A patent/AU4003900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-25 BR BR0010200-8A patent/BR0010200A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1825210B (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2010-05-12 | 三星电子株式会社 | Off-axis projection optics system and extreme ultraviolet lithography apparatus employing the same |
| CN108370620A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-08-03 | 马特森技术有限公司 | The electrode tip of arc lamp |
| CN112119341A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-12-22 | 统一半导体公司 | Illumination device for a microscope |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20020012555A (en) | 2002-02-16 |
| WO2000067057A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
| BR0010200A (en) | 2002-01-08 |
| MXPA01011058A (en) | 2002-06-04 |
| JP2002543467A (en) | 2002-12-17 |
| AU4003900A (en) | 2000-11-17 |
| EP1175633A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
| CA2370508A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
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