CN1352844A - Packet based client/server protocol - Google Patents

Packet based client/server protocol Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1352844A
CN1352844A CN00805503A CN00805503A CN1352844A CN 1352844 A CN1352844 A CN 1352844A CN 00805503 A CN00805503 A CN 00805503A CN 00805503 A CN00805503 A CN 00805503A CN 1352844 A CN1352844 A CN 1352844A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
packet
pdu
data
alphanumeric
message
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN00805503A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
P·R·西蒙斯
D·C·于勒
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN1352844A publication Critical patent/CN1352844A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
    • H04L12/5601—Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM
    • H04L2012/5603—Access techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/08—Upper layer protocols

Abstract

A method and system for client/server data exchange. The transmission and reception of Protocol Data Units (PDU) over a data communications network comprises the steps of receiving a PDU for transmission, encoding the PDU into a number of alphanumeric data packets, such that each data packet is less than a predetermined size, associating an address frame with the or each data packet, the address frame including the destination of the or each data packet and, transmitting the or each data packet. The data packets are preferably transmitted by SMS or Cell Broadcast.

Description

Packet-based client/server protocol
The present invention relates to compact, packet-based data communication protocol, this agreement is particluarly suitable for using on the GSM type mobile phone.
Internet and actual most of data communication network are all based on packet-based data communication protocol.The most frequently used agreement is Internet Protocol (IP), and this be the internet based on basic agreement.Packet based protocol will transmit data and be divided into a plurality of groupings, and each all transmits on network as protocol Data Unit (PDU) independently.Grouping is by routing node route on network, and this routing node maintaining routing list is indicated between them and the route between other node, and adjusts the route that they transmit traffic carrying capacity according to network traffic and other factors.Each meeting in group is numbered when transmitting, and makes the grouping that data can be resequenced and ask to retransfer and lose after being received.
Connect disabled place in fixed line, far-end inserts data network normally to be undertaken by the mobile telephone system of certain form.The most general system is GSM (group special mobile) system, inserts data network by the mobile telephone system that finite bandwidth and various connection reliability are provided in this system.Unfortunately, the limited bandwidth rate limit that usually data transmitted and receive is to 9600bps.This restriction and the tentation data link that combines with various connection reliability have high bandwidth and seldom or the packet based protocol of not having a packet loss conflict mutually.In addition, for gsm system, the minimum dimension of some groupings will be too big in some cases.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, the step that the method for transport protocol data unit on data communication network (PDU) comprises has:
The PDU that reception is used to transmit;
This PDU is encoded to a plurality of alphanumeric packets, makes each packet less than predetermined size;
Make this or the related address frame of each packet, this address frame comprise the destination of this or each packet; And
Transmit this or each packet.
A special advantage of the present invention is to insert for mobile phone provides the internet, and does not need to adjust the mobile phone current gsm protocol or the infrastructure of operation just thereon.
By data being grouped into again the packet less than preliminary dimension, each is grouped in the possibility that success transmits on the limited data link and significantly improves.In addition, owing to divide into groups and can retransmit fast, so not losing of single or multiple groupings can cause big expense.Do not consider their content by PDU is divided into groups again, and avoid before PDU is divided into groups again, from the PDU that forms, re-assemblying the protocol overhead of data.Coding, compression and error correction are available expansions, do not need more expense or protocol layer.
The step of coding PDU comprises if PDU is not the step that alphanumeric is then used an alphanumeric coding scheme entirely.This alphanumeric coding scheme is uuencoding (being used for binary data is carried out the instrument of text coding in the Email) coding preferably.
The uuencoding coding can make data send on existing text based link, and this link has the keeping characteristics that does not add modification.
The step that PDU is encoded comprises: the length of determining PDU; Produce a data grouping from this PDU, if wherein this PDU is greater than predetermined size, it just is divided into the packet of a sequence.
The step that the step of generation packet can further comprise is the related packet identifier of packet that makes generation, if wherein PDU is divided into the packet of a sequence, then the packet identifier of each packet will identify it and be the part of separated PDU, and identify the relevant position of this packet in this sequence.
Best, address frame can comprise a short message service (SMS) address, and this or each packet are all transmitted by SMS.
Short message service (SMS) is a kind of function that all gsm service subscribers can be used.To the short letter digital massage, SMS is two-way services.Usually, SMS message is limited to and strictly comprises letter and number totally 160 bytes, and this limits them and only is used for such as personal messages and business such as traffic and news renewals.
Usually, the reserved character (for example control character) used of SMS disable message conflicts mutually with this character in the data that are transmitted.By using the uuencoding coding, such conflict is easy to and has solved simply.Because the SMS system does not fully use usually, so the WWW data incidentally generally can not influenced the performance of SMS system on existing SMS service link.Yet the use of existing link and basic agreement greatly reduces the complexity that data transmit, because it is mutual not need to cater to the signal of shaking hands etc.Can handle elsewhere owing to shake hands etc., so the reduction of complexity and then reduced accessing cost for data required in the leader frame again.Therefore the invention provides a kind of powerful communication mechanism, and do not have the complexity that a kind of new mechanism is provided from the basis.
In the replacement scheme of SMS, address frame can comprise a Cell Broadcast CB address, and this or each packet are transmitted by Cell Broadcast CB.
Cell Broadcast CB provides a simple and effective way, make many not fixedly the user of the Internet link obtain the data of web-style.
The step that PDU is encoded to a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings comprises the step of compressing PDU.
Being received in the step that the method for the protocol Data Unit (PDU) that transmits on the data communication network comprises according to above-mentioned method has, receive a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings, remove the address frame that is associated with each packet, and from these a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings that receive, produce a PDU again.Again the step that produces a PDU comprises these a plurality of alphanumeric data grouping carrying out uudecoding decodings that receive.
Again the step that produces PDU comprises that dependence and each packet associated packet identifier come the alphanumeric data packet sequencing to receiving, and removes with each packet associated packet identifier and also is combined into packet again.The step of the alphanumeric data packet sequencing that receives is comprised the packet that detection does not receive and asks the step of its re-transmission.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the system of transport protocol data unit on data communication network (PDU) comprises the receiver of the PDU that a reception is used to transmit, one is encoded to the grouping of a plurality of numeric character datas with this PDU and makes the encoder of each packet less than preliminary dimension, an address system that makes this or the related address frame of each packet, this address frame comprises the destination of this or each packet, and a transmitter that sends this or each packet.
If PDU is not alphanumeric entirely, then encoder may be used an alphanumeric coding scheme.
Transmitter preferably comprises a short message service (SMS) system and comes addressing and transmit this or each packet.
This system further comprises a receiver, be used to receive the protocol Data Unit (PDU) that on data communication network, is transmitted by the delivery unit of said system, this receiver comprises a receiving system and is used to receive a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings, a processor is used to remove the address frame that is associated with each packet, and produces a PDU again from these a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings that receive.This processor can be configured to these a plurality of alphanumeric data grouping carrying out uudecode decodings that receive.This processor can be configured to rely on each packet associated packet identifier and come alphanumeric data packet sequencing to receiving, removes with each packet associated packet identifier and combines this packet again.Preferably, this processor can be configured to detect the packet that does not receive and ask its re-transmission.
Preferably, receiver is a for example SMS receiver of gsm mobile telephone, and the alphanumeric data grouping is received by SMS.Selectively, receiver can be the Cell Broadcast CB receiver, and the alphanumeric data grouping is received by Cell Broadcast CB.
Transmitter also can be a gsm mobile telephone.
PDU comprise browse the World Wide Web (WWW) and/or with the mutual data that produce in World Wide Web (WWW), wherein this system also comprises Web server and transmits PDU to the World Wide Web (WWW) as the gateway that is used for PDU, and receives PDU from the World Wide Web (WWW).
Of the present invention preferred aspect, this PDU comprise browse the World Wide Web (WWW) and/or with the mutual data that produce in World Wide Web (WWW), wherein this SMS system is placed in also and transmits PDU as the PDU gateway and receive the Web server of PDU to the World Wide Web (WWW) and from the World Wide Web (WWW).
In the environment of SMS, alphanumeric character comprises following setting:
0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz＜＞
Now only to give an example and to come embodiment of the present invention are described, wherein with reference to the mode of accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of the data communication network that uses in the present invention;
Fig. 2 a and 2b are the representatives of the data packet format that transmits in data communication session and receive according to the present invention; And
Fig. 3 a-3e and 4a-4e are the examples of the packet that transmits in data communication session and receive according to the form with reference to figure 2 definition.
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of the data communication network that uses among the present invention or at the present invention.The gsm service supplier has a mobile telephone network that comprises a plurality of transmission sub-district 10.This network linking to one SMS system 20, this SMS system 20 and then be linked to world wide web (www) server 30 again, this Web server 30 is connected to WWW40.The mobile phone user 50 of the transit area of a sub-district 10 uses the microbrowser browse WWW on the mobile phone 50 that is installed in him therein.Because user and this microbrowser are mutual, so want the request of data just to be sent by microbrowser to WWW.Request is also transmitted as the SMS message coding that is addressed to www server 30 by mobile phone.This message is considered a common SMS message and is forwarded to SMS system 20 by sub-district 10.SMS system 20 passes to www server 30 with this message.After receiving SMS message, www server 30 is decoded as one with it and follows suitable HTTP to be processed (HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)) request.
Respond this HTTP request by the data of WWW40, be encoded as a SMS message that is addressed to the microbrowser of mobile phone 50 by www server 30 receptions.This www server 30 reaches SMS system 20 with this message, and SMS system 20 is sent to it on the mobile phone 50 by sub-district 10.Mobile phone receives message, to its decoding and reach microbrowser to carry out such as the suitable action that shows the WWW page or leaf to the user.
Fig. 2 a and b are the representatives according to the data packet format of the present invention's generation.Being moved phone 50 and www server 30 makes and be used for producing SMS message and being divided into two-layer to the host-host protocol that the message that receives is decoded according to request: session layer is responsible for data and request coding and is decoded into the message of SMS form, transport layer is responsible for preparing and the address of definite SMS message, and the message that receives is carried out error checking.Since restricted to the size of SMS message, a plurality of discrete groupings must be divided into so surpass the request or the response of this restriction.Transport layer is divided into a plurality of groupings to such message, each the grouping as one independently SMS message transmit, the blocking message that receives is re-assemblied by transport layer.
SMS allows the message of 160 7 bit character that must the uuencoded coding or does not need the message of 140 8 bit character that uuencoded encodes.Remaining description relates to the message of 160 7 bit character, but experienced reader will be appreciated that the present invention is suitable for any type.
The message that on behalf of session layer, Fig. 2 a prepare.Every message comprises a CommandID territory 100, the command type that Indication message relates to (is opened, is closed, request, send or request once more), (this is encoded as and uses 7 bit value loendian is size=byte 1+ byte 2*2 to the character length of MsgSize territory 110 indication particular messages 7), a leader territory 120 (being discussed below), data field 130 that comprises data (URI, the data that send by server or the packet count of request message once more), and an ending territory of indicating next CommandID or NULL when it is the last item message.
The content in leader territory relates to optional data.Each leader territory comprises a value of following with the string of NULL termination.A leader can be formed by following:
Describe Value The string of following
The ending in leader territory 0 ?N/A
The content type of data field 130 1 See hereinafter
User agent profile 2 See hereinafter
User agent profile is upgraded 3 See hereinafter
The URI of additional data field 130 4 The URI string
The URI (requiring) that is called current URI by the HDML microbrowser 5 The URI string
Coding/the compression type that in data field 130, uses 6 See hereinafter
The type that alarm in data field 130 keeps 7 See hereinafter
The title that alarm in data field 130 keeps 8 The title string
The content type territory for example comprises wherein a kind of identifier of following type:
The content type string Describe
0 Ignorant data type-be left in the basket
1 Bian Yi HDML not
2 HDML after the compiling
3 Urtext
8 The image of PCC form (static or dynamic)
9 The image of polar plot form (VGX)
53 The Huffman decoding table
64+ Improper value
Encoding domain can correspondence for example coding such as Huffman coding or run length coding, RLC or compression scheme and specify a value.
The type in alarm territory can be specified the data field of the alarm that relates to one of following type:
The alarm type string Describe
0 Alarm-user is not circulated a notice of, and does not add data to alarm list
1 Tabulation-add alarm to alarm list, the user is not circulated a notice of
2 Circular-add alarm to alarm list and the user is circulated a notice of for example passes through message icon
3 Display alarm during demonstration-arrival
4 If if new then demonstration-also would not be present in the cache memory, just when arriving, show, otherwise in cache memory, cover legacy version and do not show
Act on behalf of the device type that profile is used to rely on access data, adjust the content that data type and/or business or server transmit.Because the function that different browsers (particularly in mobile phone) is supported is variant, be not enough so only rely on title to identify browser.A profile has identified the major function of browser, for example supports HTML/HDML/WML, its displayable visual type, screen size etc.Business or server can use this information adjustment to turn back to the data of browser.
Fig. 2 b has represented the message of being prepared by transport layer.Session layer message is processed, and the words that are necessary can be divided into a plurality of groupings that maximum length is 157 bytes, shown in data field 200.For each grouping, subsidiary have a leader, comprises MessageID territory 210, packet number territory 220, error detection territory 230 and total number packets territory 240.The message of MessageID territory 210 signs and this packet associated.If this message is divided into the grouping more than, then the leader of each grouping will comprise identical MessageID, and after receiving, grouping can be distinguished and combine forms message again like this.Because grouping may receive and divide into groups and may lose with random order, so packet number and total number packets territory (220,240) are also used in this respect.The grouping that packet number and total number field allow receiver again packet sequencing and request to be retransferred and lose.Error detection territory 230 indication be used to the to accompany error detection type of data.
Fig. 3 a-3e has represented the packet of using a kind of agreement to send and receive according to the present invention in data communication session.Fig. 3 a has represented the packet of the request of URI (generic resource indicating device) " http://hdmlhost/home.hdml " being prepared by the microbrowser of session layer response mobile phone.Session layer determines that this message is used for a request (commandID=3), and MsgSize is 29 (leader 4+URI strings 25), and does not need the leader territory.So the message of Fig. 3 a reaches transport layer.
After receiving, transport layer only need to determine 1 SMS message, therefore distributes messageID1, packet number 0, error detection rank 0 (not error detection) and total number packets 0.This information is connected the SMS grouping that produces Fig. 3 b with conversation message, the latter then is sent out away.
Received and this SMS message of decoding after, server is by HTTP request URI and receive 200 byte datas of response.
The session layer of server is handled this data, data are taken out and distributes a commandID4 (transmission), and one is encoded into 79+1*2 7Message-length 207 (leader 6+ data 200+ terminal character 1).Having increased the leader territory of content type 1 (HDML), and then is data (200 byte) and next commandID 0 (not having more message).Assembling message shown in Fig. 3 c is reached the transport layer of server.
Transport layer has been constructed MsgID 1, packet number 0, first SMS grouping of error detection 0 and total number packets 1.Synthetic SMS message shown in Fig. 3 d can not keep all session layer message, thereby can only comprise and have first 151 byte of 9 byte-header targets.Shown in Fig. 3 e,, there be second SMS grouping of identical transport layer data to generate with first SMS grouping and hold last 49 bytes of data except packet number is 1.Two SMS divide into groups to be sent to mobile phone and to decode, and reorganization is by the microbrowser data presented.
Fig. 4 a-4d has represented the packet of using an agreement to send and receive according to the present invention in data communication session.Fig. 4 a has represented the packet that the request of URI (generic resource indicating device) http://hdmlhost/home.hdml is prepared by the microbrowser of session layer response mobile phone.This session layer determines that message is used for a request (commandID=3), and MsgSize is 29 (leader 4+URI strings 25), and does not need the leader territory.So the message of Fig. 4 a reaches transport layer.
After receiving, transport layer only need to determine 1 SMS message, therefore distributes messageID1, packet number 0, error detection rank 0 (not error detection) and total number packets 0.This information is connected the SMS grouping that produces Fig. 4 b with conversation message, the latter then is sent out away.
Received and this SMS message of decoding after, server is by HTTP request URI and receive 200 byte datas of response.Because server and client computer are all supported the compression of Huffman coded data, so serviced device boil down to 87 bytes of 200 bytes.
The session layer deal with data of server is taken out the data after the compression and is distributed a commandID 4 (transmission), and one is encoded into 96+0*2 7Message-length 96 (leader 8+ data 87+ terminal character 1).Having increased the leader territory of content type 1,2 (HDMLC) and huffman coding (6,1,0), and then is data (87 byte) and next commandID0 (not having more message).Assembling message shown in Fig. 4 c is reached the transport layer of server.
Transport layer has been constructed MsgID 1, packet number 0, first SMS grouping of error detection 0 and total number packets 0.This SMS grouping is sent to mobile phone and decodes and decompress, and reorganization is by the microbrowser data presented.
Preferably, the packet that the uuencoding encoding scheme is applied to receive, purpose is the trial of avoiding transmitting the unsupported non-alphanumeric characters of SMS.
Though above description with by data being divided into groups and to use the data of SMS to transmit relevant, the present invention is applicable to many transportation protocols and the mechanism such as Cell Broadcast CB etc. obviously.In Cell Broadcast CB and SMS alarm, from phone, be not used for the initial request of data.A URI creates in www server, and according to the request in advance that for example will receive certain data or to some/all users' many standards such as decision circulating a notice of the service supplier of an incident send phone to.Because the full-size of Cell Broadcast CB grouping is 88 bytes, so transport layer will be revised message-length.As previously described, whether cell broadcast messages utilization alarm territory identifies the type that is transmitted data and answer/should how to circulate a notice of to the user after broadcasting arrival.Although Cell Broadcast CB only is an one-way transmission mechanism from server to any recipient in the respective cell, it also can use agreement of the present invention, and for example the paging of local information (for example where wait in the local branch in well-known shop) etc. is with in broadcasting.

Claims (19)

1. the method for a transport protocol data unit on data communication network (PDU) comprises following steps:
The PDU that reception is used to transmit;
This PDU is encoded to a plurality of alphanumeric packets, makes each packet less than predetermined size;
Make this or the related address frame of each packet, this address frame comprise the destination of this or each packet; And
Transmit this or each packet.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step of coding PDU comprises if PDU is not the step that alphanumeric is then used an alphanumeric coding scheme entirely.
3. according to the method for claim 2, the step that the step of the PDU that wherein encodes comprises has:
Determine the length of PDU;
Produce a data grouping from this PDU, if wherein this PDU is greater than predetermined size, it just is divided into the packet of a sequence.
4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein producing the step that the step of packet further comprises is the related packet identifier of packet that makes generation, if wherein PDU is divided into the packet of a sequence, then the packet identifier of each packet will identify it and be the part of separated PDU, and identify the relevant position of this packet in this sequence.
5. according to the method for arbitrary aforementioned claim, the step that wherein PDU is encoded to a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings comprises the step of compressing PDU.
6. any one method and be received in the method for the protocol Data Unit (PDU) that transmits on the data communication network in the aforementioned claim of foundation comprises following steps:
Receive a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings;
Remove the address frame that is associated with each packet; And,
From these a plurality of alphanumeric data groupings that receive, produce a PDU again.
7. according to the method for claim 6, wherein producing the step that the step of PDU comprises again has: rely on each packet associated packet identifier and come alphanumeric data packet sequencing to receiving, remove with each packet associated packet identifier and combine this packet again.
8. the system of a transport protocol data unit on data communication network (PDU) comprises:
The receiver of the PDU that reception is used to transmit;
One is encoded to the grouping of a plurality of numeric character datas with this PDU and makes the encoder of each packet less than preliminary dimension;
An address system that makes this or the related address frame of each packet, this address frame comprise the destination of this or each packet; And,
A transmitter that sends this or each packet.
9. according to the system of claim 8, if wherein PDU is not alphanumeric then alphanumeric coding scheme of encoder applies entirely.
10. according to the system of claim 9, wherein encoder is configured to determine the length of this PDU, and produces a data grouping from this PDU, if wherein this PDU is greater than predetermined size, then encoder is configured to this PDU is divided into a sequence of data packets.
11. system according to claim 10, wherein encoder is configured to make related packet identifier of packet of generation, if wherein PDU is divided into the packet of a sequence, then the packet identifier of each packet sign it be the part of separated PDU, and identify the relevant position of this packet in this sequence.
12. according to any one system in the claim 8 to 11, wherein encoder is configured to compress this PDU.
13. the system of the protocol Data Unit (PDU) that a reception is transmitted on data communication network by any one system in the claim 8 to 12, comprise a receiver and be used to receive the grouping of a plurality of alphanumeric datas, processor is used for removing the address frame that is associated with each packet and produces a PDU again from these a plurality of alphanumeric datas groupings that receive.
14. system according to claim 13, wherein this processor is configured to rely on each packet associated packet identifier and comes alphanumeric data packet sequencing to receiving, removes with each packet associated packet identifier and combines this packet again.
15. according to any one system in the claim 8 to 14, wherein this PDU comprise browse the World Wide Web (WWW) and/or with the mutual data that produce in World Wide Web (WWW), wherein this system further comprises a Web server, transmits PDU to the World Wide Web (WWW) as gateway, and receives PDU from the World Wide Web (WWW).
16. an energy is read by machine and encodes and is used for the program storage device that enforcement of rights requires the instruction repertorie of 1 to 7 any one method.
17. an energy is read by machine and the program storage device of the instruction repertorie that is used for implementing any one system of claim 8 to 15 of encoding.
18. computer data signal that is used for the instruction repertorie of enforcement of rights requirement 1 to 7 any one method with carrier format realization, coding.
19. computer data signal with the instruction repertorie that carrier format realizes, coding is used for implementing any one system of claim 8 to 15.
CN00805503A 1999-12-01 2000-11-15 Packet based client/server protocol Pending CN1352844A (en)

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GB9928354.1 1999-12-01

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CN1182748C (en) * 2001-11-27 2004-12-29 斯伦贝谢（北京）智能卡科技有限公司 Implementation method and system for radio value-adding business based on short message service
DE10222156A1 (en) 2002-05-17 2003-11-27 Siemens Ag Transmission efficient handling of multi media information uses a process to identify and optimize useful data content that is set against price categories
WO2005041600A1 (en) * 2003-10-23 2005-05-06 Bsite International Ltd Method and system for distributed mobile collaboration
SE526391C2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-09-06 Scania Cv Abp Procedure for processing data to be transmitted via SMS and data transmitted via SMS
KR100793349B1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2008-01-11 삼성전자주식회사 Multicast forwarding apparatus and control method in system for using PPP multi-link

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