CN1351429A - Method and equipment for up receiving array in wireless communicaltion system - Google Patents
Method and equipment for up receiving array in wireless communicaltion system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method and device for up receiving array is wireless communication system is disclosed. The data signals received by each antenna unit in receiving array are despread to obtain array signal data stream and the weighing vectors of said array signals are summed to form wave beam. After the the wave beam is formed, the signals are sent to relative path of Rake receiver, where the maximal-ratio merge of said signals in time domain is performed. Its advantages include nearly optimal S/N ratio and gain and less calculations.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of adaptive algorithm and equipment that is used for the up receiving array of wireless communication system.
For a long time, wireless communication system is faced with the contradiction between limited utilized frequency spectrum resource and the constantly quick user's request that increases all the time.Therefore people begin to utilize the spatial domain characteristic of channel, adopt the technology such as smart antenna of diversity, sectorization and the nearest employing array antenna that proposes, and can both improve the communication quality of wireless communication system to some extent, have improved power system capacity.
It is mutual incoherent characteristics greater than the signal that different antennae received of 10 carrier wavelengths that diversity is mainly utilized spacing, and the signal that each antenna is received adopts high specific to merge, and system's anti-multipath decline performance is improved.
The sectorization method is that the sub-district is divided into 3,6,9 or 12 sectors, and there are supporting separately antenna and the spectral range that presets in each sector.Sectorization has reduced the cochannel interference to a certain extent, thereby has improved the communication quality of system.
Intelligent antenna technology then forms wave beam by phase place and the amplitude of adjusting signal on a plurality of bays on sense, improve signal quality.The smart antenna algorithm mainly can be divided into two classes, and a class is a switch multi-beam method.This class algorithm forms fixed beam at different directions and covers whole sub-district, and the signal quality of desired signal in each wave beam is detected in the base station, selects best wave beam to receive.
Another kind of important smart antenna algorithm is an adaptive array, and it is weighted merging to the signal that each bay receives adaptively according to certain criterion, and enhancing signal suppresses to disturb and noise, thereby improves the overall performance of wireless system.Common adaptive algorithm has invert algorithm such as (SMI) teacher of the having and based on the blind algorithms such as sign indicating number filtering of maximum output signal interference ratio criterion of lowest mean square (LMS), recurrence least square (RLS), the sampling matrix based on minimum mean square error criterion.
Deversity scheme needs the spacing big (generally greater than 10 wavelength) between the antenna, so the antenna occupation space is bigger.In addition, though the deversity scheme that adopts high specific to merge has anti-multipath decline effect, can not effectively suppress interference signal.
Common sectorization method is to adopt 3 sectors or 6 sectors, why does not adopt more sector to be because the sector divides manyly more, and the available frequency spectrum resource in each sector is then few more, has reduced junction efficiency, and needs frequent the switching, reduces system effectiveness.
Switch multi-beam method is a kind of suboptimal method of reseptance, and its capability of restraining noise of checking colors is relatively poor.In addition, the switch matrix of existing switch multiple-beam system is realized by the radio-frequency (RF) switch device, has increased the hardware cost of system.
Adaptive array can make systematic function be issued to optimum in certain criterion in theory.Criterion commonly used mostly is minimum mean square error criterion and maximum output signal-to-noise ratio criterion, and the following two kinds of criterions of certain condition are of equal value.During practical application, the amount of calculation of SMI, RLS and most blind algorithms is all very big, is difficult to realize with existing digital processing chip.Though existing LMS algorithm operand is little, convergence of algorithm speed and stability are subjected to the influence of factors such as the selection of signal environment, reference signal and calibration step size serious.
Method and device that the up receiving array of a kind of wireless communication system that provides for the shortcoming that overcomes above-mentioned prior art is provided, be optimized by algorithm structure normalization minimum mean-square (NLMS) algorithm, designed little operand and the excellent adaptive array reception programme of performance, analyze and simulating, verifying algorithm have good performance.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: the method for the up receiving array of wireless communication system, the analog signal that every antenna element of receiving array receives is the array digital signal through analog/digital conversion, the despreading of array digital signal process obtains the array signal data flow after the despreading, utilize array data signal after the despreading to form the weighing vector of array, and form wave beam with the array signal weighted sum of the weight vector that generates after to despreading, signal after wave beam forms is delivered to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver, in time domain signal is carried out high specific by Rake receiver and merges; Be characterized in that described wave beam adopts the minimum all weighted sum methods of normalization to form, and the steps include:
(1) chooses the array initial weight vector;
(2) read in the reference signal of all array signal data samples He first time slot of first time slot;
(3) all data samples of first time slot are repeated the process of following (i)～(V):
(i) with the current sample of the conjugate transpose of the weight vector of previous sample data correspondence and the array received signal conjugate multiplication summation ranking operation of writing in reply;
(ii) use in current sample corresponding reference signal and the step (i) resulting value to subtract each other and obtain error signal;
The (iii) mould of the current sample of computing array received signal;
(iv) select suitable step factor, to each component of the weight vector of previous sample correspondence concurrently iteration upgrade;
(v) the weight vector with the final updated of last sample correspondence of each time slot carries out normalization, and sends into the array weight module;
(4) read in the array signal data and the reference signal of next time slot;
(5) process of (i)～(V) in the repeating step (3) moves in circles, and finally makes weight vector restrain.
The method of the up receiving array of above-mentioned wireless communication system, wherein, the span of described step step factor (iv) is: 10
-6≤ step factor≤0.1.
The method of the up receiving array of above-mentioned wireless communication system, wherein, described reference signal is multiplied each other by known emission frequency pilot sign/training sequence and estimated channel response and obtains.
The method of the up receiving array of above-mentioned wireless communication system, wherein, described estimated channel response is by the despread signal estimated channel decline response that utilizes antenna.
A kind of aerial array receiver comprises that aerial array, array digital signal generation module, digital beam form module and Rake receiver; Described array digital signal generation module comprises receiving element and analog to digital converting unit; Aerial array input multipath signal is to array digital signal generation module, digital beam forms module and simultaneously the different multipath signals of a channel is formed wave beam respectively, multipath signal after wave beam forms is delivered to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver, and the Rake receiver carries out high specific to multipath signal and merges; Be characterized in: described digital beam forms module and comprises Multipath searching unit, despread unit, channel response estimation unit, reference signal generation unit, weighing vector maker, multiplier, adder and regeneration frequency pilot sign or training sequence; Multipath searching and tracking module carry out Multipath searching to each channel and follow the tracks of and handle, and multidiameter delay information is offered despread unit; In each footpath, despread unit is carried out despreading to the time delay of appointment, signal after the despreading of m road is divided into two-way, one the tunnel enters the weighing vector maker, one the tunnel as being weighted data, data after the weighted factor W1～Wm of preparation and the output of weighing vector maker carries out multiplying and finally obtain digital beam after adder is carried out the addition merging by multiplier forming, these data output to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver.
Above-mentioned a kind of aerial array receiver, wherein, the emission pilot tone of each in advance known travelling carriage of base station, the reference signal when providing receiver that each travelling carriage is carried out Digital Signal Processing are provided in each time slot described frequency pilot sign module.
Above-mentioned a kind of aerial array receiver, wherein, described channel response estimation module utilizes the digital signal of an array element of despread unit output relevant in each time slot with known frequency pilot sign, obtains the rough estimate of different multipaths channel fading in each time slot of a channel.
Above-mentioned a kind of aerial array receiver, wherein, described reference signal generation module utilizes the channel response estimation module to obtain estimated value and known pilot symbols in each time slot to multiply each other and obtain the required reference signal of weighing vector maker.
Above-mentioned a kind of aerial array receiver, wherein, described weighing vector maker upgrades the weight vector of array antenna at each time slot, and the weight vector that each time slot upgrades is offered multiplier carries out beam weighting.
Because the present invention has adopted above technical scheme, make the method for up receiving array simple, be highly resistant to the path fading effect, make the optimal value of system signal noise ratio gain near array received, and utilize existing general dsp chip etc. to finish, realizability is strong.
Specific performance feature of the present invention is further specified by following embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.
Fig. 1 is existing array acceptor schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that the NLMS digital beam in the Rake footpath (finger) of the corresponding multipath signal of the present invention forms module principle figure.
Fig. 3 is the program flow diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 4 is the up link simulation result at the WCDMA system.
See also Fig. 1, a kind of array received device that is used for code division multi-address radio communication system of the present invention comprises: aerial array 101, array digital signal generation module 102, digital beam form module 103 and Rake receiver 104; In the Serving cell scope, the spacing between the antenna element can be chosen as half of centre carrier frequency corresponding wavelength.Array digital signal generation module becomes the array analog signal conversion that receives can be for the array digital signal of digital processing, and this array digital signal generation module comprises receiving element 105 and analog to digital converting unit 106.Digital beam formation module forms wave beam respectively to the different multipath signals of a channel, and the signal after wave beam forms is delivered to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver, in time domain signal is carried out high specific by Rake receiver and merges.Described wave beam adopts the minimum all weighted sum methods of normalization to form.
See also Fig. 2, this is the NLMS digital beam formation module principle figure in the Rake footpath (finger) of the corresponding multipath signal of the present invention, and described digital beam forms module and comprises: Multipath searching unit 201, despread unit 202, weighing vector maker 207, multiplier 208, adder 209, pilot symbol copy/training sequence provide unit 205, channel response estimation unit 204 and reference signal generation unit 206.Wherein:
The emission pilot tone of each in advance known travelling carriage of base station, the reference signal when providing receiver that each travelling carriage is carried out Digital Signal Processing are provided in each time slot frequency pilot sign module 205.
Reference signal generation module 206 utilizes the channel response estimation module to obtain estimated value and known pilot symbols in each time slot to multiply each other and obtain the required reference signal of weighing vector maker.Why an importance of the present invention has just incorporated the thought of channel response compensation in generating reference signal, two benefits of main existence, can be when the cross correlation vector Rxd of estimating received signal and reference signal so that the accumulation of signal coherent, reduce The noise simultaneously, finally can improve the performance of NLMS method.
Channel response estimation module 204 utilizes the digital signal of an array element of despread unit output relevant in each time slot with known frequency pilot sign, obtains the rough estimate (supposing that here channel fading remains unchanged in the short time of a time slot) of different multipaths channel fading in each time slot of a channel.
Multipath searching and tracking module 201 carry out Multipath searching to each channel and follow the tracks of and handle, and multidiameter delay information is offered despread unit.
In each footpath, the time delay of 202 pairs of appointments of despread unit is carried out despreading, signal after the despreading of m road respectively is divided into two-way, one the tunnel enters weighing vector maker 207, one the tunnel as being weighted data, data 108 after the weighted factor W1～Wm of preparation and the output of weighing vector maker carries out multiplying and finally obtain digital beam after adder 209 is carried out the addition merging by multiplier 208 forming, these data output to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver.After Rake receiver receives and forms signal from the wave beam of the different multipaths of a passage, estimate the channel response (channel response is estimated than to obtain in 204 be to want accurately a lot) of multipath here, realize the time domain merging of the different multipaths of same passage then with the high specific criterion.Channel response estimation unit 204 utilizes the despread signal (having marked the despread signal 203 1 of first antenna among the figure) of certain root antenna to estimate the decline response of channel, and 206 of reference signal generation units utilize response of 204 estimated channel and regeneration frequency pilot sign or training sequence to produce the reference signal of NLMS method in the weighing vector maker 207.
Methods such as the relative SMI of NLMS method, RLS and sign indicating number filtering want simple many, and each required operand of step of the NLMS method in the weighing vector maker only is (21m+18) * N floating addition/multiplication.On the other hand, its stability and convergence rate also obviously are better than the LMS method.
For example: a channel array receiving digital signals is expressed as:
L=1 wherein, 2 ..., L is the multipath number, a (θ
l) be the array response of l bar multipath signal, θ
lBe the direction of arrival DOA of l bar multipath; h
l(t) be the decline of l bar multipath signal experience; S (t) is the desired signal of emission, C
s(t) be the spreading code of corresponding desired signal, τ
1It is the time delay of l bar multipath signal; N (t) is that array disturbs and noise signal, and the noise on each antenna is regarded independent incoherent zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise as.
Multidiameter delay information according to Multipath searching and tracking module 201 provide can obtain the array despread signal for a certain definite divided multipath signal despreading:
X(n)＝G
da(θ
d)h
d(n)s(n)+n′(n)????(2)
In the formula (2) n ' (n) be that time delay is τ after the despreading
1The summation of other multipath signals, interference signal and noise signal, G
dBe spreading gain.Reference signal is taken as in the NLMS of Fig. 2 method:
d＝h
d(n)s(n)????(3)
That separates the weight convergence of NLMS method in dimension in theory
R wherein
Xx -1Be the autocorrelation matrix of receiving array data vector, r
XdBe the cross-correlation of array received vector with reference signal:
From (5) formula as can be seen reference signal choose the coherent accumulation that can guarantee signal by (3) formula and can reduce simultaneously noise item again estimating R
XdInfluence, can improve R
XdThe estimation accuracy, thereby the performance of algorithm can be improved significantly.
The program flow diagram of NLMS method is seen Fig. 3.μ among Fig. 3 is the step factor of NLMS method, and span is 10
-6≤ μ≤0.1, step-length value size has determined the stability and the convergence rate of algorithm, N represents the number of frequency pilot sign/training sequence.
Data-signal that every antenna element of receiving array receives through despreading obtain after the despreading array signal data flow X (n)=[X (and 1, n) ..., X (M, n)]
T, utilize the channel response and frequency pilot sign or the training sequence generation reference signal d (n) that estimate simultaneously, here
MBe the array number of array, subscript T represents the vector sum matrix transpose, and forms wave beam with the array signal weighted sum of the weight vector that generates after to despreading.The step that the present invention adopts the NLMS method to form wave beam is:
(1) value of getting initial weight vector be W (0)=[0,0 ... 0]
T, the dimension of vector is M;
(2) read in the array signal data sample X (1) of first time slot ... the reference signal d (1) of .X (N) and first time slot ... .d (N), (N represents the number of frequency pilot sign/training sequence);
(3) all data samples (from n=1 to n=N) of first time slot are repeated the process of following (i)～(V):
(i) with weight vector W (the conjugate transpose W of n-1 of previous sample data correspondence
H(the current sample of n-1 and array received signal
X (nThe conjugate multiplication of writing in reply summation ranking operation y (n)=W
H(n-1) X (n);
(ii) use current sample corresponding reference signal
D (n)And obtain in the step (i)
Y (n)Subtract each other and obtain error signal e (n)=d (n)-y (n;
(iii) computing array received signal
X (nMould
, subscript H represents the conjugation of scalar;
(iv) select suitable step factor, on the basis of current weight vector, adopt iteration to upgrade each component that upgrades weight vector simultaneously concurrently
(v) weight vector W (N)=[W that the final updated of last sample correspondence of each time slot is obtained
1(N) ...,
M(N)]
TCarrying out normalization W (N)=W (N)/‖ W (N) ‖ delivers in the weighting block;
(4) read in the array signal data X (N+1) of next time slot ..., X (2N) and reference signal d (N+1) ..., d (2N);
(5) from
N=N+Arrive
N=2The process of repeating step (3) moves in circles, and finally makes weight vector restrain.
Fig. 4 is the up link simulation result at the WCDMA system.Wherein: the multi-path environment parameter is as shown in the table:
Simulation parameter
| The multipath number | ?????????????6 | |||||
| Multidiameter delay (second) | ???0 | ?310e-9 | ??710e-9 | ??1090e- ??9 | ??1730e- ??9 | ??2510e- ??9 |
| The average fading factor of multipath (dB) | ??0dB | ?-1dB | ??-9dB | ??-10dB | ??-15dB | ??-20dB |
| The multipath DOA benchmark | ??DOA1 ??300 | ?DOA2 ?280 | ??DOA3 ??330 | ??DOA4 ??260 | ?DOA5 ??550 | ??DOA6 ??150 |
| Spreading factor | ?????????????????????????????256 | |||||
| Mobile station speed | ???????????????????????????120km/h | |||||
Among the figure:
Expression single antenna result ▲ be the NLMS methods and results
As can be seen from this figure, adopt the present invention for 4 array element array acceptors, systematic function is near optimum.
A kind of improved low operand of in wireless communication system, using that the present invention proposes and method that the excellent adaptive array of performance receives though be at cdma system, changed a little and promptly is applicable to institute's wire/wireless communication system.
Claims (9)
1, the method for the up receiving array of wireless communication system, the analog signal that every antenna element of receiving array receives is the array digital signal through analog/digital conversion, the despreading of array digital signal process obtains the array signal data flow after the despreading, utilize array data signal after the despreading to form the weighing vector of array, and form wave beam with the array signal weighted sum of the weight vector that generates after to despreading, signal after wave beam forms is delivered to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver, in time domain signal is carried out high specific by Rake receiver and merges; It is characterized in that described wave beam adopts the minimum all weighted sum methods of normalization to form, and the steps include:
(1) chooses the array initial weight vector;
(2) read in the reference signal of all array signal data samples He first time slot of first time slot;
(3) all data samples of first time slot are repeated the process of following (i)～(V):
(i) with the current sample of the conjugate transpose of the weight vector of previous sample data correspondence and the array received signal conjugate multiplication summation ranking operation of writing in reply;
(ii) use in current sample corresponding reference signal and the step (i) resulting value to subtract each other and obtain error signal;
The (iii) mould of the current sample of computing array received signal;
(iv) select suitable step factor, to each component of the weight vector of previous sample correspondence concurrently iteration upgrade;
(v) the weight vector with the final updated of last sample correspondence of each time slot carries out normalization, and sends into the array weight module;
(4) read in the array signal data and the reference signal of next time slot;
(5) process of (i)～(V) in the repeating step (3) moves in circles, and finally makes weight vector restrain.
2. the method for the up receiving array of wireless communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the span of described step step factor (iv) is: 10-6≤step factor≤0.1.
3. the method for the up receiving array of wireless communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reference signal is multiplied each other by known emission frequency pilot sign/training sequence and estimated channel response and obtains.
4. the method for the up receiving array of wireless communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described estimated channel response is by the despread signal estimated channel decline response that utilizes antenna.
5. an aerial array receiver comprises that aerial array, array digital signal generation module, digital beam form module and Rake receiver; Described array digital signal generation module comprises receiving element and analog to digital converting unit; Aerial array input multipath signal is to array digital signal generation module, digital beam forms module and simultaneously the wood of a channel is formed wave beam respectively with multipath signal, multipath signal after wave beam forms is delivered to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver, and the Rake receiver carries out high specific to multipath signal and merges; It is characterized in that: described digital beam forms module and comprises Multipath searching unit, despread unit, channel response estimation unit, reference signal generation unit, weighing vector maker, multiplier, adder and regeneration frequency pilot sign or training sequence; Multipath searching and tracking module carry out Multipath searching to each channel and follow the tracks of and handle, and multidiameter delay information is offered despread unit; In each footpath, despread unit is carried out despreading to the time delay of appointment, signal after the despreading of m road respectively is divided into two-way, one the tunnel enters the weighing vector maker, one the tunnel as being weighted data, data after the weighing vector of preparation and the output of weighing vector maker carries out multiplying and finally obtain digital beam after adder is carried out the addition merging by multiplier forming, these data output to the corresponding footpath of Rake receiver.
6. a kind of aerial array receiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the emission pilot tone of each in advance known travelling carriage of base station, the reference signal when providing receiver that each travelling carriage is carried out Digital Signal Processing are provided in each time slot described frequency pilot sign module.
7. a kind of aerial array receiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described channel response estimation module utilizes the digital signal of an array element of despread unit output relevant in each time slot with known frequency pilot sign, obtains the rough estimate of different multipaths channel fading in each time slot of a channel.
8. a kind of aerial array receiver according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described reference signal generation module utilizes the channel response estimation module to obtain estimated value and known pilot symbols to multiply each other and obtain the required reference signal of weighing vector maker in each time slot.
9. a kind of aerial array receiver according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighing vector maker upgrades the weight vector of array antenna at each time slot, and the weight vector that each time slot upgrades is offered multiplier carries out beam weighting.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100433594C (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2008-11-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Adaptive beamforming method in wideband code division multiple access system |
| CN100442935C (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2008-12-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | High-speed down packet cut-in switching method |
| CN1830024B (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2010-06-16 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Method and apparatus for terminating reception in a wireless communication system |
| CN1780272B (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2011-01-05 | 上海宣普实业有限公司 | Path merge and related method |
| CN107733464A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-23 | 中山大学花都产业科技研究院 | A kind of associated detecting method and system of Chirp spread spectrum communication systems |
| CN112003645A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2020-11-27 | 南昌大学 | Synchronous reference signal extraction method and device |
-
2000
- 2000-10-31 CN CNB001258990A patent/CN1155178C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100433594C (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2008-11-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Adaptive beamforming method in wideband code division multiple access system |
| CN1830024B (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2010-06-16 | 摩托罗拉公司 | Method and apparatus for terminating reception in a wireless communication system |
| CN1780272B (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2011-01-05 | 上海宣普实业有限公司 | Path merge and related method |
| CN100442935C (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2008-12-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | High-speed down packet cut-in switching method |
| CN107733464A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-02-23 | 中山大学花都产业科技研究院 | A kind of associated detecting method and system of Chirp spread spectrum communication systems |
| CN112003645A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2020-11-27 | 南昌大学 | Synchronous reference signal extraction method and device |
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| CN1155178C (en) | 2004-06-23 |
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