CN1349718A - Color image processing method - Google Patents
Color image processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1349718A CN1349718A CN00807260A CN00807260A CN1349718A CN 1349718 A CN1349718 A CN 1349718A CN 00807260 A CN00807260 A CN 00807260A CN 00807260 A CN00807260 A CN 00807260A CN 1349718 A CN1349718 A CN 1349718A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
- H04N1/64—Systems for the transmission or the storage of the colour picture signal; Details therefor, e.g. coding or decoding means therefor
- H04N1/644—Systems for the transmission or the storage of the colour picture signal; Details therefor, e.g. coding or decoding means therefor using a reduced set of representative colours, e.g. each representing a particular range in a colour space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
- G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
- G06F16/583—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
- G06F16/5838—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content using colour
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/41—Structure of client; Structure of client peripherals
- H04N21/426—Internal components of the client ; Characteristics thereof
Abstract
A color image processing method is provided. The color image processing method includes the step of: (a) indexing a color image by assigning representative colors of an image to a color space divided into a plurality of regions. The color image processing method may be applied to object-based image processing such as MPEG-7, and fast search and retrieval of multimedia content can be made.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of color image processing method, more particularly a kind ofly give the chromatic image permutation index so that the method that the inquiry of chromatic image is performed more effectively.
The present invention also comprises a kind of chromatic image lookup method of searching corresponding to the image of inquiry image in the database by this color image processing method permutation index.
Background technology
According to traditional image processing method, it is a vector in 0 to 255 the three-dimensional colour space (being referred to as 3-D from now on) formed of axle that a kind of color is represented as by three values, and each pixel in the image is represented as a value in 256 * 256 * 256 like this.So, database must have 256 * 256 * 256 memory space in case in database the feature image vector of memory image, in this external matching treatment, may carry out the inquiry of 256 * 256 * 256 values, thus and thus, according to traditional color image processing method, need a large-capacity data storehouse and from database, search a conceivable image to take a lot of times.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of color image processing method, conceivable image be retrieved and be searched to this method can fast for the chromatic image permutation index utilizes the database of a low capacity simultaneously.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of medium that is used to store the program of carrying out color image processing method.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of chromatic image lookup method and is used at the image of searching needs according to the image of color image processing method permutation index.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of medium that is used to store the program of carrying out the chromatic image lookup method.
Correspondingly, to achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of color image processing method.This color image processing method comprises that the mode of step (a) by the feature color of a width of cloth chromatic image being distributed to a color space that is divided into a plurality of zones is to the chromatic image permutation index.
Preferable is that this color image processing method comprises that further step (pa-1) obtains the feature color and their ratio of image.
Preferably this ratio is a percentage in addition.
Preferably color image processing method also comprise step (b) with the representation feature color, they ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone as storage in database data.
Preferably, image is a zone of selecting from the zoning.
Simultaneously, the color space of a 3-D preferably, color space.
In order to obtain above-mentioned purpose, according to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of color image processing method.This color image processing method comprises step:
(a-1) when N be the number that is divided feature color in the zone at image, and i be one between 1 and N between integer the time, obtain and be expressed as i feature color c
iWith its ratio p
iCharacteristic vector F:F={{c
i, p
i, i=1 ..., N};
(a-2) be the image arrangement index by the trellis point of the feature color being distributed in the color space with grating texture; With
(a-3) has the result who stores permutation index in the database of discrete tableau format at one.
In order to realize the another one purpose, a kind of medium of storing the program of carrying out the color image processing method that is used for the image arrangement index is provided, this medium comprises step:
(a-1) represent the number of the feature color of separate areas in the images as N, and I be one between 1 and N between integer the time, obtain i feature color c of statement
iWith its ratio p
iCharacteristic vector F:F={{c
i, p
i, i=1 ..., N};
(a-2) index for image by the trellis point of the feature color being distributed in the color space with grating texture, and,
(a-3) has the result who stores permutation index in the database of discrete tableau format at one.
In order to realize the another one purpose, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of color character based on inquiry image to search the chromatic image lookup method of image in database, this chromatic image lookup method comprises that step (a) distributes to the feature color of database image a color space that is divided into a plurality of zones and carry out in to image arrangement indexed data storehouse and search adopting based on the feature color of inquiry image and ratio thereof.
This color space is the 3-D color space preferably.
Preferably step (a) comprises step:
(a-1) obtain certain given feature color and ratio thereof of being inquired about image;
(a-2) in a color space that is divided into a plurality of zones, select a zone corresponding to the feature color that in step (a-1), obtains;
(a-3) select an indexed data set from database to institute's favored area; And,
(a-4) marking matched data in the selected data group, wherein the ratio difference of the feature color of inquiry image is less than predetermined threshold.
Preferably step (a) further comprises step:
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain same area ratio and, and
(a-6): determine those the ratio that obtains and and by the ratio of inquiry image and between difference be the image that finds less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
Preferably the chromatic image lookup method further comprises following step: do not have that the zone is confirmed as finding visual the time, in the color space, contiguous outer peripheral areas is carried out these steps.
Best, by query graph as if be divided into a zone of the image in a plurality of zones, the image of being searched is a zone that is divided into the database image in a plurality of zones.
In order to realize the another one purpose, according to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of and be used at the chromatic image lookup method of searching image based on the database of the color character of being inquired about image, this chromatic image lookup method comprises step:
(a-1) obtain the feature color and the ratio thereof of given query region;
(a-2) in a three-dimensional colour space that is divided into a plurality of grid, select the trellis point of a feature color that obtains in corresponding to step (a-1);
(a-3) from database, select to put a corresponding data set with the trellis of selecting, in this database, the feature color of expression digital image, they ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone as storage, and
(a-4) identify matched data in selecteed data set, in matched data, the ratio difference of the feature color of query region is less than predetermined threshold.
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain same area ratio and;
(a-6) determine those the percentage that obtains and and by the ratio of query region and between difference be the image that finds less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
In order to realize the another one target, provide a kind of being used to store the medium of carrying out chromatic image lookup method program, this medium comprises the following steps:
(a-1) obtain the feature color and the ratio thereof of given query region;
(a-2) in a 3-D color space that is divided into a plurality of grid, select the trellis point of a feature color that obtains in corresponding to step (a-1);
(a-3) from database, select to put a corresponding data set with the trellis of selecting, in this database, the feature color of expression digital image, they ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone as storage, and
(a-4) identify matched data in selecteed data set, in matched data, the ratio difference of the feature color of query region is less than predetermined threshold.
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain same area ratio and;
(a-6) determine those the percentage that obtains and and by the ratio of query region and between difference be the image that finds less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
The accompanying drawing simple declaration
By with reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiments of the present invention being described in detail, above-mentioned target of the present invention and advantage will become more clear, wherein:
Fig. 1 represents the color image processing method flow chart according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 represents a characteristic vector being extracted out from a zone of an images;
Fig. 3 represents a 3-D color space with grating texture;
Fig. 4 represents a database with discrete tableau format that is used for color image processing method shown in Figure 1; And
Fig. 5 represents the chromatic image lookup method flow chart according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention
With reference to figure 1, this figure represents the flow chart according to the color image processing method of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, at first sign feature coloured silk and their distribution (step 102) in the zone of image, here can use percentage recently to represent this distribution, and this percentage can be understood as the quantity of corresponding pixel quantity divided by the whole pixels of individual features color, multiply by 100 a numerical value then.
The feature color and the percentage thereof that are identified can be expressed as a vector.Like this, when N is the quantity of feature color in the zone, i be one between 1 and N between integer the time, be expressed as i feature color c
iWith its percentage p
iCharacteristic vector F obtain (step 104) by following equation
F={{c
i,p
i},i=1,...,N}
With reference to figure 2, the characteristic vector that its expression is extracted from a zone of image, the first area R of any images
1Characteristic vector F be expressed as the first feature color c
1And percentage p
1, the second feature color c
2And percentage p
2, the 3rd feature color c
3And percentage p
3, thus and thus, other region R
2, R
3, R
4Characteristic vector also can be expressed out.
Then, be the image arrangement index by what the feature color is distributed to trellis point in the color space with grating texture, and the result behind the permutation index is stored in the database with individual tables lattice structure (step 106), and the result behind the permutation index comprises an expression characteristic color, their ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone.
With reference to figure 3, it represents the 3-D color space with grating texture, and this 3-D color space of being made up of L, U, three reference axis of V has grating texture.Each grid all has the trellis point n that is positioned at its center
1, n
2, n
3, n
4, n
5And n
6, and it is indexed to these trellis points to belong to the color of this grid scope.
Do a hypothesis now, have first trellis point n
1Grid in comprise first feature color c
1, have (k-1) individual trellis point n
K-1Grid in comprise second feature color c
2, have the 3rd trellis point n
3Grid in comprise the 3rd feature color c
3
Each feature color and percentage thereof are stored in the database with redetermination structure in color image processing method of the present invention, and this database is classified as storage area, and the there storage is corresponding to trellis point n
1, n
2, n
3..., n
K-1, and n
kData.This database is made of form independently, is separately and storage because express the data of each regional feature color and percentage thereof.
Fig. 4 represents the independently database of tableau format that has of a color image processing method that is used for Fig. 1.
Now, the realm identifier of the serial number in feature color and their percentage and statement one images and a zone is stored in the trellis that belongs to the feature color and puts corresponding position.
Like this, express first feature color c
1And percentage p
1Data and realm identifier ID
1-work being stored in and first trellis point n
1Corresponding position.Similarly, second feature color c of expression
2And percentage p
2Data be stored in and k-1 trellis point n
K-1Corresponding position.Further, the 3rd feature color c
3And percentage p
3Be stored in and the 3rd trellis point n
3Corresponding position.Here, realm identifier ID
1, ID
2And ID
3The same area of identical image will only be represented.In other words, with reference to database shown in Figure 4, first trellis point n
1Corresponding data ID
1, c
1And p
1, the 3rd trellis point n
3Corresponding data ID
3, c
3And p
3, k-1 trellis point n
K-1Corresponding data ID
2, c
2And p
2
According to above-mentioned color image processing method, be assigned to a color space that is divided into a plurality of zones to the image arrangement index by feature color with image, correspondingly, the database volume of memory image index information is less relatively.
Adopt the chromatic image of above-mentioned color image processing method permutation index can search and inquire about the image of image similarity effectively, inquiry image both user is wished the image searched based on chromatic image lookup method of the present invention by using.
With reference to figure 5, it represents the flow chart of chromatic image lookup method according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, at first determines query region, and promptly the user wishes the original picture inquired about in database.
Then, sign is determined the feature color and the percentage (step 502) thereof of query region, and step 502 is the same with step 102 in the color image processing method shown in Figure 2.Here this percentage can be understood that the quantity of corresponding pixel quantity divided by the whole pixels of individual features color, multiply by 100 a numerical value then.
Then, selection is corresponding to the trellis point (step 504) of each feature color that is identified, and as shown in Figure 3, many feature colors are included in the zone with grating texture, with 3-D color space of supposition, the trellis point that wherein is used for distinguishable region is present in the center in zone.In other words, the feature color that is identified has the zone that these colors belong in the 3-D color space, correspondingly, the trellis point, the central point in zone can be selected.
In addition, in order to eliminate wrong coupling, preferably considering feature color and their distribution simultaneously, also is their percentage.Therefore, a data set corresponding with selected trellis point is selected (step 506) from database, and is identified in the selecteed data set by the feature color percentage difference of query region and is matched data (step 508) less than predetermined threshold.Such as, suppose feature color in the query region a feature color 30% or about be contained in by in the query region, and predetermined threshold value is 5%, feature color of conduct of selecting from query region corresponding with identical trellis point and from the percentage of a feature color being selected the query region be 30% ± 5% data, in other words, 25% to 35% data are considered to matched data.
Then, obtain same area in the matched data percentage and, in other words, be defined as in the matched data those and be classified by the data that realm identifier is expressed as same area, and obtain about be classified data percentage and.
Then, those percentages that in step 510, obtain and with by the percentage of query region and difference be confirmed as finding zone (step 512) less than the zone of predetermined threshold.A variation as this mode, the zone that can determine peanut is as the seek area, wherein these zones have minimum difference aligning (aligning) according to percentage difference, or can only determine that a zone as the seek area, wherein has minimum percentage difference.
Yet, adopt this method, as an example, when being positioned at the outside area of grid by the feature color of query region, these zones that have with feature color Adjacent color coloured silk belong to another grid, and then, these zones may not be searched.Correspondingly, when not having the zone to be confirmed to be to inquire the zone, preferably at the peripheral trellis point of the trellis point of faceted search before being used to carry out, execution in step 506 to 512 (step 514).
Above-mentioned color image processing method and chromatic image lookup method can be used as computer program and use, and the skilled computer programmer of this area can easily derive code and the code segment that constitutes this program.Simultaneously, this program is stored in the readability medium of computer, is read and carries out by computer, thereby realize color image processing method, and medium comprises magnetic medium, light medium and carrier wave.
As mentioned above, can be applied to object-based image processing based on color image processing method of the present invention, and a kind of content of multimedia search fast and retrieval is achieved.
Industrial Applicability A
Based on above-mentioned chromatic image lookup method, because the capacity of database is little, the speed of searching can Very fast, and owing to image is not carried out unnecessary exhaustive division and make and search and can carry out expeditiously, In addition, above-mentioned chromatic image lookup method can be applied to object-oriented image processing, simultaneously can be fast Speed is fast and effeciently searched and retrieving multimedia contents.
Claims (37)
1. a color image processing method that is used to the image arrangement index comprises that step (a) is assigned to a color space that is divided into a plurality of zones to the chromatic image permutation index by the feature color with image.
2. color image processing method as claimed in claim 1 comprises that further step (pa-1) obtains the feature color and their ratio of image.
3. color image processing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein ratio is a percentage.
4. at least as the described color image processing method of one of claim 2 or claim 3, further comprise step (b) in database with the representation feature color, they ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone as storage.
5. arrive one of claim 3 described color image processing method as claim 1, wherein image is a zone of selecting from the zoning.
6. color image processing method as claimed in claim 4, wherein image is a zone of selecting from the zoning.
7. arrive one of claim 3 or claim 6 described color image processing method as claim 1 at least, color space wherein is the three-dimensional colour space.
8. color image processing method as claimed in claim 4, color space wherein are the three-dimensional colour spaces.
9. color image processing method as claimed in claim 5, color space wherein are the three-dimensional colour spaces.
10. color image processing method that is used for image indexing comprises step:
(a-1) obtain the quantity of representing the feature color of separate areas in the images as N, but one of i between 1 and N between integer the time be expressed as i feature color c
iWith its ratio p
iCharacteristic vector F,
F={{c
i,p
i},i=1,…,N}
(a-2) index for image by the trellis point that the feature color is assigned to color space with grating texture, and,
(a-3) has the result who stores permutation index in the database of discrete tableau format at one.
11. color image processing method as claimed in claim 10, wherein ratio is a percentage.
12. at least as the described color image processing method of one of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein indexed results comprises representation feature color, their ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone.
13. at least as the described color image processing method of one of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein image is a zone of selecting from the zoning.
14. color image processing method as claimed in claim 12, wherein image is a zone of selecting from the zoning.
15. at least as the described color image processing method of one of claim 10, claim 11 or claim 14, color space wherein is the three-dimensional colour space.
16. color image processing method as claimed in claim 12, color space wherein are the three-dimensional colour spaces.
17. color image processing method as claimed in claim 13, color space wherein are the three-dimensional colour spaces.
Comprise step 18. store the medium of the program of the color image processing method that is implemented as the image arrangement index:
(a-1) obtain the quantity of representing the feature color of separate areas in the images as N, and i be one between 1 and N between integer the time be expressed as i feature color c
iWith its ratio p
iCharacteristic vector F:
F={{c
i,p
i},i=1,…,N}
(a-2) index for image by the trellis point that the feature color is assigned in the color space with grating texture, and,
(a-3) has the result who stores permutation index in the database of discrete tableau format at one.
19. medium as claimed in claim 18, wherein the result of permutation index comprises expression characteristic color, their ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone.
20. one kind is used at the chromatic image lookup method of searching image based on the database of the visual color character of inquiry, comprise step (a) based on by the feature color and the ratio thereof of inquiry image, carrying out inquiry in to image arrangement indexed data storehouse by the feature color of storehouse image being distributed to a color space that is divided into a plurality of zones.
21. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 20, color space wherein are the three-dimensional colour spaces.
22. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 20, wherein step (a) comprises step:
(a-1) obtain visual feature color and the ratio thereof of given inquiry;
A zone of the feature color that obtains in (a-2) in a three-dimensional colour space that is divided into a plurality of zones, selecting corresponding to step (a-1);
(a-3) from database, select an indexed data set to institute's favored area; And,
(a-4) marking matched data in the selected data group, wherein the ratio difference of the feature color of inquiry image is less than predetermined threshold.
23. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 22, wherein step (a) further comprises step:
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain same area ratio and, and
(a-6) confirm those the ratio that obtains and with by the ratio of inquiry image and difference be the image that finds less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
24. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 21, wherein step (a) comprises step:
(a-1) obtain visual feature color and the ratio thereof of given inquiry;
A zone of the feature color that obtains in (a-2) in a three-dimensional colour space that is divided into a plurality of zones, selecting corresponding to step (a-1);
(a-3) from database, select an indexed data set to institute's favored area; And,
(a-4) marking matched data in the selected data group, wherein the ratio difference of the feature color of inquiry image is less than predetermined threshold.
25. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 24, wherein step (a) further comprises step:
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain same area ratio and, and
(a-6) confirm those the ratio that obtains and with by the ratio of inquiry image and difference be the image that finds less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
26. as the described chromatic image lookup method of one of claim 22 or claim 23, further comprise step at least: do not have the zone to be identified as to find visual the time, in the color space, carry out described step at contiguous outer peripheral areas.
27. to one of claim 25 described chromatic image lookup method, wherein ratio is a percentage as claim 20.
28. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 26, wherein percentage during ratio.
29. arrive one of claim 25 or claim 28 described chromatic image lookup method as claim 20 at least, wherein, query graph as if be divided into a zone of the image in a plurality of zones, the image of being searched is a zone that is divided into the database image in a plurality of zones.
30. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 26, wherein, query graph as if be divided into a zone of the image in a plurality of zones, the image of being searched is a zone that is divided into the database image in a plurality of zones.
31. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 27, wherein, query graph as if be divided into a zone of the image in a plurality of zones, the image of being searched is a zone that is divided into the database image in a plurality of zones.
Comprise step 32. in database, search a kind of chromatic image querying method of image based on the color character of being inquired about image:
(a-1) obtain visual feature color and the ratio thereof of given inquiry;
A trellis point of the feature color that obtains in (a-2) in a three-dimensional colour space that is divided into a plurality of grid, selecting corresponding to step (a-1);
(a-3) from database, select to put a corresponding data set with the trellis of selecting, in this database, the feature color of expression digital image, they ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone as storage, and
(a-4) identify matched data in selecteed data set, in matched data, the ratio rate variance of the feature color of query region is less than predetermined threshold.
33. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 32 further comprises step:
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain same area ratio and;
(a-6) determine that those are the image that finds in the difference of the aggregate value of the ratio of the aggregate value of the percentage that obtains and query region less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
34. chromatic image lookup method as claimed in claim 33 further comprises step: do not have that the zone is confirmed as finding visual the time, in the color space, carry out these steps at contiguous outer peripheral areas.
35. store the medium of carrying out chromatic image lookup method program, comprise step for one kind:
(a-1) obtain the feature color and the ratio thereof of given query region;
A trellis point of the feature color that obtains in (a-2) in a three-dimensional colour space that is divided into a plurality of grid, selecting corresponding to step (a-1);
(a-3) from database, select to put a corresponding data set with the trellis of selecting, in this database, the feature color of expression digital image, they ratio and the realm identifier of the serial number in an images and a zone as storage, and
(a-4) identify matched data in selecteed data set, in matched data, the ratio rate variance of the feature color of query region is less than predetermined threshold.
36. medium as claimed in claim 34, wherein the chromatic image lookup method further comprises step:
(a-5) from by the data that identify, obtain the aggregate value of the ratio of same area;
(a-6) determine those the aggregate value of the percentage that obtains be the image that finds by the difference of the aggregate value of the ratio of inquiry image less than the zone of predetermined threshold.
37. medium as claimed in claim 36, wherein the chromatic image lookup method further comprises step: do not have that the zone is confirmed as finding visual the time, in the color space, carry out these steps at contiguous outer peripheral areas.
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JP3448601B2 (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 2003-09-22 | インターネットナンバー株式会社 | Multi-tone image data compression / decompression method |
CA2290445A1 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-19 | The Trustees Of Columbia University | Method and system for image retrieval |
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Cited By (4)
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CN103544688A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-29 | 株式会社东芝 | Medical image blending device and method |
US9788725B2 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2017-10-17 | Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation | Medical image display apparatus and method |
CN103544688B (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2018-06-29 | 东芝医疗系统株式会社 | Medical imaging fusing device and method |
CN104424486A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-03-18 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Systems and methods for color recognition in computer vision systems |
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KR20040028945A (en) | 2004-04-03 |
EP1195062A4 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
KR100436500B1 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
WO2000070881A1 (en) | 2000-11-23 |
MY128059A (en) | 2007-01-31 |
JP2003500712A (en) | 2003-01-07 |
KR20020001800A (en) | 2002-01-09 |
TW548601B (en) | 2003-08-21 |
CN1193623C (en) | 2005-03-16 |
EP1195062A1 (en) | 2002-04-10 |
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