CN1346285A - Adsorbents for use in handling complex fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

Adsorbent particles exhibiting an efficacy in the handling of complex fluids. Particles of adsorbent material demonstrating an efficacy in the handling of complex fluid are suitable for incorporation into disposable absorbent articles and the like.

Description

Be used to dispose the adsorbent of complex fluid

Background of invention

The present invention relates to adsorption particle is used for absorbing structure and disposable absorbent article.More particularly, the present invention relates to have the adsorption particle of disposing complex fluid effectiveness.

The application of adsorption particle in disposable absorbent article is known.Described adsorption particle is subjected to some restriction usually in stink control aspect on the disposable personal care absorbent article such as feminine hygiene products.And the broader applications of described adsorption particle in absorbing structure and disposable product more are subjected to this adsorption particle and are rendeing a service insufficient restriction aspect the disposal complex fluid.Therefore, wish to improve the effectiveness of adsorption particle aspect the disposal complex fluid, might widen the purposes of described adsorption particle in absorbing structure and disposable absorbent article.

Summary of the invention

The inventor had recognized prior art inherent difficulty of institute and problem already, and furtherd investigate at these problems, so that exploitation can be disposed the efficient adsorption particle of complex fluid.When carrying out these researchs, the inventor finds that some adsorbing material has the effectiveness of disposing complex fluid.The described effectiveness of described adsorbing material can be improved by the suitable pore-size distribution of suitable selection.Owing to have the effectiveness of this improvement, adsorbing material of the present invention has been widened the application of adsorption particle in absorbing structure and disposable absorbent article.

In one embodiment of the present invention, absorbent article comprises the granule of containment device and at least a adsorbing material.In described containment device, approximately its pore volume of adsorption particle of 20-about 50% is used for complex fluid absorption and complex fluid and distributes from greater than about 100 microns hole.Approximately the pore volume of 80%-about 50% is used for complex fluid and keeps from the hole less than about 100 microns adsorption particles.The consumption of described adsorption particle in described containment device accounts for about 10-100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

In another embodiment of the present invention, absorbent article comprises the granule of containment device and at least a adsorbing material.In described containment device, approximately the permeability of the adsorption particle of 10-about 100% is at least about 1000K.The consumption of described adsorption particle in described containment device accounts for about 10-100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

In another embodiment of the present invention, absorbent article comprises the granule of containment device and at least a adsorbing material.Adsorption particle in the described containment device is 2g/g at least to the reserve capability of complex fluid.The consumption of described adsorption particle in described containment device accounts for about 10-100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

In another embodiment of the present invention, absorbent article comprises the granule of containment device and at least a adsorbing material.The smallest average particle size of adsorption particle is about at least 200 microns in the described containment device, and standard deviation is about at least 25% of a described particle mean size.The consumption of described adsorption particle in described containment device accounts for about 10-100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

In another embodiment of the present invention, absorbent article comprises the granule of containment device and at least a adsorbing material.Adsorption particle has the particle size distribution of various ways in the described containment device, and the consumption in described containment device accounts for about 10-100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

Brief description

By following detailed description, appended claims and accompanying drawing above-mentioned and other feature, main points and the advantage that the present invention may be better understood, wherein:

Fig. 1 represents to be suitable for measuring with the capillary tension method device of adsorbing material pore-size distribution.

Fig. 2 represents to be suitable for measuring the device of gel bed permeability (GBP) value of adsorbing material.

The piston head vertical view of Fig. 3 presentation graphs 2 shown devices.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Sorbent material of the present invention comprises adsorption particle and the adsorption particle of processing with surface modifier. " particle " (particle, particles, particulates etc.) expression is generally the material of separate unit form, and particle can comprise particle, dust, powder or spheroid. Therefore, particle can have the shape of any needs, for example, and cube, bar-shaped, polygon, sphere or hemispherical, circle or semicircle, dihedral, irregularly shaped. The shape that the greatest dimension/smallest dimension ratio is very big is such as needle-like, pie with fibrously also can be used among the present invention. The use of " particle " or " shot-like particle " can be used for also illustrating that the agglomerate that comprises more than one particles, shot-like particle etc. also can comprise the adsorbent of more than one types.

Term " supatex fabric " refers to the fabric of single fiber or long filament pilotaxitic texture, but its intertexture form is not well-regulated or discernible form.

Term " spunbond thing " or " spun-bonded fibre " refer to filament form, extrudes molten thermoplastic a plurality of little capillary of circular or other shape from spinneret and the fiber made, the fibril diameter rapid decrease when it is extruded then.

" form altogether " material refers to the mixture of meltblown fibers and cellulose fibre, and it is by with the air forming meltblown polymeric material, the cellulose fibre of air suspension is blown in this meltblown fibers stream makes simultaneously. The meltblown fibers that will contain wood fibre is collected in porose being with, and can be placed the permeable material of nonwoven fabric material and so on this belt surface.

Term " meltblown fibers " refers to the fiber made in the following manner: by a plurality of meticulous, be generally circular nibs molten thermoplastic clamp-oned in heated at high speed gas (for example air) stream with melting yarn or filament form, by this air-flow the long filament of described molten thermoplastic is attenuated, reduce its diameter. Then, carry described meltblown fibers by described high velocity air, and it is deposited on the collection surface, form the fabric of the meltblown fibers formation of random distribution.

In this article, a kind of viscoelastic fluid that usually is considered to contain the special composition with inconsistent physics and/or chemical characteristic of term " complex fluid " expression. Just because of the inconsistent characteristic of described special composition, superpower sorbing material is being consisted of threat aspect the effectiveness of complex fluids such as blood, menstruation, excreta, nasal cavity excreta of control. Different from complex fluid, the simple fluid such as urine, physiological saline and water is considered to have low viscosity usually, and it comprises one or more compositions with uniformity physics and/or chemical characteristic. Owing to have consistent characteristic, one or more compositions of simple fluid show basically similar characteristic between absorption or adsorption cycle.

Though the complex fluid general characteristic is to comprise the inconsistent special component of character herein, each special composition of a kind of complex fluid has consistent characteristic usually.For example, a kind of complex fluid of supposition has three kinds of special composition: Red blood corpuscle, protein molecules and hydrone.When checking, according to its inconsistent characteristic generally, those skilled in the art can be easy to distinguish each in these three kinds of special composition.In addition, when checking that Red blood corpuscle becomes to grade a kind of special component, those skilled in the art can be easy to discern the concordance characteristic generally of Red blood corpuscle.

Term " surface " and plural form thereof typically refer to the outside or uppermost border of object, material, structure or granule etc. here.

In this article, term " absorbent article " is meant and can absorbs and the device of receiving body fluids, more particularly, is meant and can be close to or be used to absorb and hold the various fluidic device of being discharged by health near placed.Term as used herein " disposable " is not intended as the absorbent article that absorbent article is cleaned or otherwise restore or reuse after being illustrated in and using once.The example of described disposable absorbent article includes, but is not limited to and the relevant product that keeps healthy: comprise surgical drage, dustcoat and sterilization rag; The individual health care absorbent article is as feminine hygiene products (for example, sanitary towel and trousers lining etc.), diaper, training pants and incontinence articles etc.; And medicated napkin.

Disposable absorbent article, so a plurality of people absorbent article that keeps healthy generally includes the top layer of fluid penetrable, with the backing layer of the bonded fluid impermeable in described top layer, and the absorbent cores between top layer and backing layer.Disposable absorbent article and composition thereof comprise any monolayer of top layer, backing layer, absorbent cores and mentioned component, have a body-facing surface and towards the surface of clothes.In this article, " body-facing surface " is meant towards the user body worn or near the described goods of user health placement or the surface of composition, and " towards the surface of clothes " is its opposite one side, promptly when using this disposable absorbent article towards the underwear of user or the one side of placing near the underwear of user.

Correct selection because of the adsorbing material that has multiple known adsorbing material, one aspect of the present invention to relate to be applicable to the complex fluid disposal such as blood, menstruation, Excreta and the nasal secretion.Be applicable to that it is that complex fluid is wettable basically that the adsorbing material of disposing complex fluid is preferably, or hydrophilic, thus make that complex fluid can be in this adsorbing material diffusion into the surface.In addition, wish that adsorbing material of the present invention is a particle form, and be insoluble to complex fluid basically.Wish that also adsorbing material of the present invention is inert basically, and, basically can deliquescing during absorbing and can not expand basically.Preferred its surface area of all these type of suitable adsorbing materials is bigger with weight, and this ratio can determine by the class methods of GAS ABSORPTION method, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide absorption process or hydrargyrum intrusion pore size determination method.

Be applicable to that adsorbing material of the present invention includes, but is not limited to organic material, inorganic material and composition thereof.For example, suitable inorganic material comprises active carbon, silicate, metal-oxide, zeolite, carbonate, phosphate, borate, aeroge and composition thereof.For example, suitable organic material comprises cellulosic material, starch, chitin, alginate, synthetic polymer and composition thereof.

Before it was mixed any containment device, described adsorbing material can optionally be handled with a kind of surfactant or other surface modifiers.A lot of materials all can be used for this purpose, for example sulfonated alkyl and aryl compound, the pure and mild amine of ethoxylation, polyamide and derivant thereof, polysaccharide and derivant thereof, Polyethylene Glycol and derivant thereof, betanin and other zwitterionic compounds, and silyl compound.Suitable coating method is well known to those skilled in the art.

When being used for feminine hygiene products, adsorbing material of the present invention should have some ideal pore-size distribution.On the adsorbing material bed, this distribution comprises gap between particles (gap), and the internal pore structure of granule itself.Described gap links together, and forms the structure that is called as the gap network.When fluid entered or pass through grain bed, described fluid was usually by described intermittent motion.The gap that described fluid passes through can also be known as mesopore.

Because the gap hole wall is the surface of granule itself, the shape of mesopore and size are normally determined by granule itself.By changing particulate average-size or its distribution of sizes changes particulate size, thereby change the shape and the size of mesopore.Mesopore is playing an important role aspect the infiltration rate of adsorbing material and the complex fluid reservation amount.

The adsorbing material that is suitable for preferably has acceptable infiltration rate to complex fluid.This acceptable infiltration rate can realize by the uneven distribution in aperture.As indicated above, varigrained combination can provide the suitable uneven distribution in aperture.Described pore-size distribution can pass through capillary tension, hydrargyrum pore size determination method is measured, and can measure indirectly by testing permeability, and all these methods all are disclosed in herein.The inventor has found that, the OK range in aperture is about 0.2 micron of about 1000-, be mainly used in the fast Absorption and the distribution of complex fluid between the aperture between about 100 microns of about 1000-, separate and keep each composition of complex fluid and be mainly used between the aperture between about 0.2 micron of about 100-.

Adsorption particle can be limited in fluid in the mesopore between the granule, and is limited in the internal holes of individual particle.Wish that each particulate hole leads directly to into from particulate surperficial one, so that fluid-absorbent.Fluid can enter the internal holes space of individual particle by capillary force.Increase internal holes, can be so that the liquid of fluid or complex fluid part can maintain by the capillary force of internal holes the inside.Can make health produce dry feeling like this, and reduce the free fluid amount of adsorption particle bed, and therefore reduce moist again.The aperture, inside of suitable adsorbent is about 0.2 micron of about 100-, so that the compositions of the different sizes of absorption complex fluid, and therefore reduces fluidic moistly again, and this reduction is by the disclosed moist again and centrifugal reservation method of testing mensuration of this paper.

If aperture is too many, the liquid component of complex fluid is removed too quickly, and all the other compositions of complex fluid (concerning menstruation, mainly being cell) can not spread.The inventor determined already, and preferably the volume less than 1 micron hole should be less than 2% of total pore volume.

Based on mentioned above, be applicable to that adsorbing material of the present invention must have one of following parameters at least: wettability, to contacting fluidic stability, suitable gap pore-size distribution (so that having acceptable infiltration rate) and suitable inside pore-size distribution (so that having ideal reserve capability).

In various embodiments of the present invention, may need other special parameters of described adsorbing material.For example, when complex fluid is menstruation, and the adsorbing material that is used for feminine hygiene products wishes that its granularity is about 1000-about 100 when being adsorbing material of the present invention; About 150 microns of more preferably about 850-.The inventor determined already, surpass about 1000 microns absorbing material granules, usually felt by the user of any containment device of adsorbing material of the present invention easily, and, be difficult to be contained in and be used for making complex fluid to be penetrated in any containment device of adsorbing material less than the granule of 100 microns adsorbing material.Be understandable that the absorbing material granules that falls within the determined scope of this paper can comprise porose granule, or comprise the many more short grained agglomerated particle of one or more adsorbing materials.

The another kind of special parameter that needs be every gram adsorbent in complex fluid reserve capability method of testing, keep the complex fluid amount, in the reserve capability of weight in grams number.For example, when complex fluid is menstruation, and adsorbing material wishes that this adsorbent is about 1-about 15 to the reserve capability of complex fluid when being used in the feminine hygiene products; Perhaps be about 2-about 8; At last, perhaps be the about 6g/g of about 2-.It is believed that reserve capability is lower than the adsorbing material of 2g/g, use amount needs very big, to such an extent as to user can think that these goods are too heavy.The complex fluid reserve capability can for example, be invaded the void determination method by capillary tension or hole and measure by being that the about 0.2 micron pore volume of about 100-adds together and estimates with diameter.The complex fluid reserve capability is limited by the intensity of hole wall material.

As indicated above, mix with different grain size, wish to improve absorption of fluids and retention.Needing has enough mesopores between the granule, so that menstruation can enter the adsorption particle bed rapidly, and be distributed between the granule.This feature can be controlled by the particle size distribution of adsorbing material.Generally speaking, wide particle size distribution is ideal.In this article, wide particle size distribution is represented 25% the distribution of standard deviation greater than meansigma methods.

Allow fluid enter quickly if desired and by grain bed, preferably make aperture, gap and shape reduce to minimum along the change of mesopore length.Therefore, the particle size distribution of broad can make the mesopore of its generation enter quickly by fluid and pass through this grain bed.If particulate size and pile up to change too greatly makes some granule in fact can move within mesopore itself, fluid is not than comparatively fast described inside with by this motion like this, but slow.

The inventor has found that the combination in aperture can influence the absorption of complex fluid.Double mode or multi-mode particle size distribution is specially adapted to produce and improves complex fluid and absorb and keep needed aperture combination.A kind of method that obtains this ideal pore-size distribution is mixed all size adsorption particle.

Because it is aperture and distribution thereof that convection cell absorbs influential feature, the another kind of method that produces the pore-size distribution that is applicable to the fast Absorption complex fluid comprises the spheroidal particle that use is bigger.For example, its accumulation is relatively poor usually for bigger spheroidal particle.This relatively poor accumulation of bigger spheroidal particle can cause the generation of big mesopore, and this hole makes that complex fluid can be fast by the bed than big spheroidal particle.The disclosed gel bed permeability method of testing of this paper can be measured granule accumulation in bed.The inventor thinks that the permeability values that surpasses 1000K of bigger spheroidal particle bed shows that it has relatively poor accumulation, and therefore indicates that it can absorb complex fluid quickly.

Should be pointed out that the present invention is not limited to only use a kind of adsorbing material cited herein, but can comprise the mixing of two or more adsorbing material.As indicated above, described adsorbing material is a particle form, and therefore, the use of term in description and appended claims " adsorbing material " comprises the individual particle of adsorbing material or the particulate agglomerate more than of adsorbing material.

Adsorbing material of the present invention can contain suitably with suitable containment device.Anyly can hold described adsorbing material, and can be placed on the device in the disposable absorbent article, all be applicable to the present invention.It is conventionally known to one of skill in the art that multiple such containment device is arranged.For example, described containment device can comprise a fibre substrate, as the air lay of cellulose fibre or wet into meshi fabric.The meltblown fabric of synthetic polymer fiber, the nonwoven fabric of synthetic polymer fiber comprises the common formation substrate of the fiber that cellulose and synthetic polymeric material are made, the air lay heat fused fabric of synthetic polymeric material and open honeycomb foam etc.

In addition, described containment device can comprise the two layers of material that links together, so that form at least one capsule that adsorbing material is housed or chamber.In this case, at least one layer material should be a fluid penetrable.And another layer material can be fluid penetrable or fluid impermeable.Described material layer can be cloth specimen fabric and supatex fabric, and closed or open honeycomb foam, perforated films, and elastomeric material perhaps can be the fibrous material fibre web.When described containment device comprised material layer, described material should have enough little or enough zigzag pore structure, so that can hold most of adsorbing material.In addition, described containment device can comprise a supporting construction, and as fiber or thin polymer film, described adsorbing material just is bonded on this structure.Described adsorbing material can be bonded in the one or both sides of described supporting construction, described supporting construction can be fluid permeable or liquid impermeable.

The consumption of described adsorbing material in containment device accounts for about 10-about 100% of containment device and adsorbing material gross weight; Perhaps about 20-about 100%; Perhaps about 30-about 100%; Perhaps about 40-about 100%; Perhaps about 50-about 100%; Perhaps about 60-about 100%; Perhaps about 70-about 100%; Perhaps about 80-about 100%; At last, perhaps about 90-about 100%.

In one embodiment of the present invention, described containment device comprises the two layers of material that links together, so that form the capsule that holds described adsorbing material.Above two layers of material can be made by any material that can hold adsorbing material, comprise textile material and non-woven material, as air lay or wet into network fiber, meltblown fibers, spun-bonded fibre, form fiber and bondable fibers (as bicomponent fibre) etc. altogether, and by heat merge, ultrasonic bonding and bonding agent (as water solublity or water sensitivity bonding agent, latex binder, hot-melt adhesive or based on the bonding agent of solvent) etc. links together, so that form a capsule.Obviously, there is multiple material to can be used for forming above two layers, and is used for forming described capsule together two-layer bonded.The consumption of adsorbing material in described capsule accounts for adsorbing material in this capsule and constitutes about 10-about 100% of gross weight of two layers of this capsule; Perhaps about 20-about 100%; Perhaps about 30-about 100%; Perhaps about 40-about 100%; Perhaps about 50-about 100%; Perhaps about 60-about 100%; Perhaps about 70-about 100%; Perhaps about 80-about 100%; At last, perhaps about 90-about 100%.Except described adsorbing material, described capsule can also be equipped with fibrous material or other packing materials that can not cause negative effect to the characterization of adsorption of this adsorbing material.

In another embodiment, described containment device comprises fibre substrate, and described adsorbing material mixes with this fibre substrate.In the mixture of fiber and adsorbing material, adsorbing material accounts for about 20-about 95% of this mixture total weight amount; Perhaps about 30-about 85%; At last, perhaps about 50-about 75%.

Can hold adsorbing material, and, all be considered to be applicable to the present invention being combined to form any fiber of composite with adsorbing material.Usually preferred described fiber is hydrophilic.In this article, if the aerial water contact angle of a kind of fiber just thinks that less than 90 degree this fiber is " hydrophilic ".For the application, contact angle determination is to carry out in the method disclosed in " surface and colloid science " 11 volumes (Plenum publishing house, 1979) by Good and Stromberg.

Be applicable to that fiber of the present invention comprises cellulose fibre, as wood pulp fluff, Cotton Gossypii, cotton wool, artificial silk and cellulose ethanoate etc., and synthetic polymeric fibers.Synthetic polymeric fibers can be made as hydrophilic polymeric material with this, perhaps with itself being that hydrophobic polymeric material (aerial water contact angle greater than 90 degree) is made, then this hydrophobic fibre is handled, so that make that the outer surface of this fiber becomes hydrophilic at least.For example, hydrophilic fibre can be made as hydrophilic polymers with bases such as nylon block copolymers, for example nylon-6 and polyethyleneoxide diamine.Described block copolymer is that trade mark is sold with HYDROFIL by Allied-Signal company.In addition, described fiber can as making with polyolefin or polyester, carry out surface modification with described polymer, so that the hydrophilic surface that does not disappear basically is provided with itself being that hydrophobic polymer is made.The polyethylene of described surface modification is that trade mark is sold by Dow chemical company with ASPUN wettability polyethylene.

When described hydrophilic fibre is basic when making on for hydrophobic polymer by the hydrophilic surface inorganic agent is coated in, it is believed that needs to adopt a kind of surface conditioning agent that does not disappear basically, so that obtain required performance.

Be applicable to synthetic polymer fiber of the present invention, can make, wherein, a kind of fiber of polymeric material is extruded, and it is attenuated, produce fiber with required diameter by melt extrusion processes.In addition, required fiber can be made by spinning technique.Any fibre manufacturing technique known in those skilled in the art all is considered to be applicable to the present invention.

The length that is applicable to fiber of the present invention is at least about 1 millimeter usually.Described fiber can have the greatest length near endless.In other words, described fiber can be successive basically, as pass through melt-blown process, the fiber of being produced under certain condition known in those skilled in the art.

The mixture of fiber and adsorbing material is meant this situation: wherein, adsorbing material directly contacts with fiber, perhaps can move to without restriction with fiber basically to contact.Therefore, for instance, in a kind of multilamellar absorbent core, wherein, ground floor comprises the air lay mixture of wood pulp and adsorbing material, and the second layer only comprises the wood pulp fluff of air lay, has only described ground floor to be considered to the mixture of fiber and adsorbing material, but, adsorbing material can be avoided in the obvious dry transfer between two-layer.The method of avoiding described transfer is known, comprises by wrapper layer, high-density fiber layer or similar articles it is separated, to prevent adsorbing material obviously dry transfer between two-layer.The mixture of adsorbing material and fiber can be relative uniform or uneven relatively.For uneven mixture, described adsorbing material can be arranged or in gradient with described fiber layering.

When described containment device comprised the mixture of fiber and adsorbing material, the mixture of this fiber and adsorbing material can be made with several different methods.For example, this mixture can with the air lay of technology known in the art by described fiber and adsorbing material with wet into net and make so that form the pad of described mixture.The air lay of fiber and adsorbing material mixture comprises following two kinds of situations: wherein, and with preformed fiber and adsorbing material air lay; Mix with adsorbing material at established fiber, as mixing by melt-blown process.

Adsorbing material of the present invention is specially adapted to disposable absorbent article.Generally, adsorbing material can the mode identical with conventional stink control adsorbing material use, for example, with the core (being the core of compacting, the core of calendering, the core of densification etc.) of sandwich, higher density or more low-density core (be uncompacted core, for example the core of air lay).But, adsorbing material of the present invention is compared with conventional adsorbing material and is had some advantage.Generally, compare with conventional adsorbing material, adsorbing material of the present invention is in the effectiveness that shows improvement aspect the control complex fluid.Specifically, adsorbing material of the present invention is showing the effectiveness improvement aspect the control menstruation.Because this improvement is renderd a service, for the product development merchant provides certain motility, compensate the adsorbing material that is comprised in the conventional disposable absorbent article by the adsorbing material of the present invention that adds q.s, or replace some adsorbing material that is comprised in the conventional disposable absorbent article with the adsorbing material of the present invention of q.s.

Method of testing

Infiltration rate and rewetting property testing method

In this article, infiltration rate and rewetting property testing method are measured following two kinds of features of material at least:

1. infiltration rate---the material of known quantity absorbs the used time to the fluidic damage of repeatedly soaking of known quantity, in second; With

2. moist again---after absorbent paper being placed on described material top and applying known pressure, maintenance preset time, the Fluid Volume that discharges from described material is in gram.

According to the test that this method is carried out, comprise with chronometer and measure 20 milliliters of fluidic repeatedly soaking damage (1 or 2 milliliter) the needed time of absorbed, in second.A Harvard syringe pump is programmed,, start chronometer simultaneously so that 2 milliliters of fluids are assigned on 20 milliliters of materials.When described 2 milliliters of fluids are absorbed in the described material, chronometer is stopped.Distribute then to soak 2 milliliters for the second time and decrease and timing.Then soak damage for the third time after decreasing soaking for the second time, soak damage for the third time and comprise and carry out timing equally by 1 milliliter of fluid.Produced so altogether 5 milliliters 3 timing soak damage.Wait for about 60 seconds after decreasing absorbing to soak for the third time, the absorbent paper that will weigh in advance is placed on described 20 milliliters of materials then, and applies the pressure 60 seconds of 0.5psi.After 60 seconds, claim the weight of absorbent paper once more, be regarded as the rewetting amount by the fluid (in gram) that absorbent paper absorbed.Test is normally carried out under the TAPPI standard conditions.Equipment and material:

● Harvard device programmable infusion pump, model 44, (South Natick, MA01760 USA) sell by Harvard Apparatus.

● this routine fluid (only is for example, rather than limit) be manually to prepare menstruation (analogies), be disclosed in the US5 that authorized Achter etc. on March 16th, 1999,883, in 231, the content of this patent is received with the degree of consistent with this description (promptly not contradiction) and is done this paper reference.US5, disclose in 883,231 and claimed described analogies by Cocalico company's biology sell (449Stevens Rd., P.O. Box 265, Reamstown, PA17567USA).

● the disposable plastic tared dish, by the NCL company of Wei Sikangxun sell (Birnamwood, WI54414USA), unit number W-D80055.

● the 60cc disposable syringe by Becton Dickinson sell (Franklin Lakes, NJ07417USA); Polyethylene tube, size 16, internal diameter is 0.12 inch, unit number 6409-16, by Cole-Parmer instrument company sell (brother of sesame man, IL60648USA); And the flexible pipe of 1/8 inch external diameter, the barb type, unit number R-3603 also is to be sold by Cole-Parmer instrument company.

● 5.5 centimetres of absorbent paper, by VWR science goods company sell (1145Conwell Ave., Willard, OH44890USA), catalog number (Cat.No.) 28310-015.

● counterweight, get one 100 milliliters Pyrex beaker, and be filled into heavy 717.5 grams, so that obtain the load of 0.5psi with any suitable material.

● balance can be accurate to 0.001 gram (annotate: standard should be a NIST type research usefulness, and should proofread and correct to be suitable for guaranteeing the frequency of degree of accuracy again).

● chronometer can be accurate to 0.1 second (annotate: chronometer should be a NIST type research usefulness).

● 20 milliliters of graduated cylinders.

● transparent acrylic acid flat board (its big micropodia is in the top that is supported on the disposable plastic tared dish) is drilled with a hole at its substantial middle position, so that insert described polyethylene tube.Sample preparation:

Analogies are hidden the device from refrigeration take out, be placed on the rotor, and rotate about 30 minutes gently,, allow these analogies room temperature of rising again so that fully mix its inclusions.

Graduated cylinder is put on the balance weighs.20 milliliters of materials are put into this graduated cylinder.Take off described graduated cylinder from balance, the graduated cylinder bottom is tunked about 10 times gently on laboratory table or similar crust, so that the material sedimentation.Carry out macroscopy, to guarantee that 20 milliliters of materials are arranged in this graduated cylinder.Described 20 milliliters of materials are injected tared dish, and gently material is flattened.

The Harvard syringe pump is set at the Program pattern.Injection speed is set at 12 ml/min, and target volume is set at 2 milliliters.Diameter is set at correct syringe size.Described Harvard syringe pump is equipped with about 60 milliliters of analogies.

The step of this method of testing is as follows:

1. an end of polyethylene tube is inserted in the hole on the described acrylic acid flat board.

2. described acrylic acid flat board is placed on the tared dish that 20 milliliters of adsorbing materials are housed.Described polyethylene tube should be positioned at the top of material central authorities substantially.

3. starting chronometer begins to distribute first analogies of 2 milliliters to soak damage simultaneously.

4. stop chronometer during by absorbed when described analogies.Reading on the chronometer is registered as " soak and decrease 1 ", in second.If within 5 minutes, tested material can not absorb described analogies (being the top that analogies are present in material) and stop this test, and is recorded as 300+ number second.

5. starting chronometer begins to distribute second 2 milliliters analogies to soak damage simultaneously.

6. stop chronometer during by absorbed when described analogies.Reading on the chronometer is registered as " soak and decrease 2 ", in second.If within 5 minutes, tested material can not absorb described analogies (being the top that analogies are present in material) and stop this test, and is recorded as 300+ number second.

7. start chronometer and begin to distribute analogies simultaneously.But, at this moment, after distributing 1 milliliter of analogies already, stop the Harvard syringe pump.

8. after 1 milliliter analogies are by absorbed, stop chronometer.Reading on the chronometer is registered as " soak and decrease 3 ", in second.Equally, if tested material can not absorb described analogies (being the top that analogies are present in material) in 5 minutes, stop this test, and be recorded as 300+ number second.

9. wait for 60 seconds after decreasing absorbing described soaking for the third time.

10. weigh up the weight of two absorbent paper, and this weight record is " BP dry weight ".

11. when said 60 seconds finish in step 9, described absorbent paper is placed on the material gently, in absorbent paper, places the counterweight of 0.5psi then gently, and start chronometer.

12.60 after second kind, take off counterweight, and claim the weight of absorbent paper once more, this weight of absorbent paper is registered as " BP weight in wet base ".

Repeat above-mentioned steps 3-12, no longer absorb analogies (be that analogies are positioned at the material top, and within 5 minutes, be not absorbed) up to described material.

The result of the rewetting part of this method of testing is in gram, and calculating as follows:

(BP weight in wet base)-(BP dry weight)=moist again

Measure the method for reservation amount

In this article, measuring the method for reservation amount, is to be determined at certain centrifugal force a kind of amount of the test fluid flow that sample kept of material afterwards that applies.The Fluid Volume that is kept calculates with gram/gram reservation amount.This test is normally carried out under the TAPPI standard conditions.When test fluid flow was the complex fluid of blood, menstruation, artificial menstruation (analogies), Excreta and nasal cavity Excreta and so on, the reserve capability of material was called as complex fluid reserve capability (CFRC) sometimes.

Generally, the test of this method is performed such: 0.5 gram material sample is put into an improved graduated cylinder, allow this material sample contact a kind of desirable fluid 60 minutes, then graduated cylinder is put into centrifuge, remove unnecessary fluid.The result is calculated, so that obtain the fluid grams that every gram material sample is kept.

Equipment and material:

● artificial menstrual fluid (analogies), be disclosed in the US5 that authorized Achter etc. on March 16th, 1999, in 883,231, the content of this patent is received with the degree of consistent with this description (promptly not contradiction) and is done this paper reference.US5, disclose in 883,231 and claimed described analogies by Cocalico company's biology sell (449Stevens Rd., P.O. Box 265, Reamstown, PA17567USA).

● Sorvall RT6000D centrifuge, by global medical apparatus company sell (3874Bridgewater Dr., St.Paul, MN55123USA).

● 4 200 milliliters threaded cap centrifuge bottle, by international instrument company sell (300SecondAve., Needham Heights, MA02494USA).

● balance can be accurate to 0.001 gram (annotate: standard should be the NIST type, and should proofread and correct to be suitable for guaranteeing the frequency of degree of accuracy again).

● 4 50 milliliters Prex beaker.

● the laboratory timer, tolerance scope 60 minutes can be accurate to 1 second, by VWR science goods company sell (1145Conwell Ave., Willard, OH44890USA).

● 4 improved Lexan tubes, high 9 centimetres, 3.1 centimetres of internal diameters, 4.8 centimetres of external diameters are at the screen net of one 300 hole/square inch of its bottom connection.

● Unite States Standard 30 and 50 mesh sieves, 8 inches of diameters, 2 inches of height, (OH44890USA), catalog number (Cat.No.) is respectively 57334-456 and 57334-464 for 1145Conwell Ave., Willard by the sale of VWR science goods company.

● stainless steel sift, 4 holes of per inch, or have enough uncovered spacings, so that analogies can flow out.

Sample preparation:

With Unite States Standard 30 and 50 mesh sieves sample sifter is divided into 300-600 micron size, with isolating material sample be stored in sealing, be substantially in the bubble-tight container sample that will use by inferior preparation.Described improved graduated cylinder is placed on the balance, and claims its weight.The sample of 0.5 ± 0.005 gram screening is put into an improved graduated cylinder.The record example weight.Claim to be equipped with the weight of the improved graduated cylinder of described material sample, and be dry measure tube weight this weight record.According to above step other samples are put into its excess-three improved graduated cylinder.

From cold storage plant, take out analogies, be placed on the rotor, and rotate about 30 minutes gently,, and allow these analogies room temperature of rising again so that fully mix its inclusions.

The step of this method of testing is as follows:

1. about 10 milliliters of analogies are put into 50 milliliters of Pyrex beakers.

2. the improvement graduated cylinder that described material sample will be housed is put into described 50 milliliters of Pyrex beakers.

3. about 15 milliliters of analogies are injected described improvement graduated cylinder.Guarantee that so described material sample all can contact described analogies from the upper and lower.

4. use the other materials sample repeating step 1-3 of any needs in case of necessity.

5. after step 4 finishes, described timer is set at 60 minutes, and starts.

6. after 60 minutes, described improved graduated cylinder is taken out from the Pyrex beaker, and be placed on stainless steel sift last 60 second.

7.60 after second, take and put into described improved graduated cylinder away 200 milliliters centrifuge bottle from stainless steel sift.

8. centrifuge bottle is put into centrifuge, and with the speed of 1200rpm centrifugal 3 minutes.

9.3 after minute, described improved graduated cylinder is taken out from centrifuge bottle, and claim to be equipped with the weight of the improvement graduated cylinder of described sample, this weight is registered as wet graduated cylinder weight.

Calculate the reserve capability (CFRC) of each sample of sorbent then as follows to complex fluid:

Below among all embodiment said reserve capability all be the meansigma methods (being n=2) of two samples.

The capillary tension method of testing

Capillary tension test (CTT) is meant applying load or restraining forces and standing simultaneously under the condition of suction gradient, measures the method for testing that absorbing material absorbs liquid (being dissolved in the sodium chloride solution of the weight ratio 0.9% in the distilled water) ability.

Referring to Fig. 1, this figure discloses the apparatus and method that are used to measure the CTT value.Shown in the figure is the perspective view that is in this device of test mode.

The pillar of laboratory shown in the figure (31) is carved with centimeter scale on it, an adjustable ring (32) is arranged, and is used for raising and reducing support ring (33), and diameter of support ring (33) support is 6 centimetres a funnel (34).Be placed with porous glass plate (35) in the funnel (34), about 60 millimeters of the about 40-in its nominal maximum diameter of hole.Connect the first elastoplast pipe (36) in the bottom of funnel (34), the other end of this pipe links to each other with rigid plastic pipes (37), and this rigid plastic pipes (37) is fixing by clip (38).The other end of rigid plastic pipes (37) is connected with the second elastoplast pipe (39), and the other end of elastoplast pipe (39) is connected with the liquid container (40) of opening.The liquid container of opening (40) is placed on the balance (41) that is connected with monitor (42).Described monitor is used for the loss in weight of record described opening liquid container (40) liquid when the tested sample of liquid absorbs.

To have plastic sample cup (43) fluid permeable bottom, that test material sample (44) is housed is placed on porous glass plate (35) top in the funnel (34).Counterweight (46) is held in place on the pad (45) at described material sample top.Specimen cup (43) is that 1 inch, external diameter are that 1.25 inches plastic barrel constitutes by internal diameter.The bottom of specimen cup (43) is to form by the end that the 100 order wire nettings that will have 150 microns holes are bonded in described tube, described bonding being performed such: heat described wire netting to the melting temperature that surpasses described plastics, and it is online that described plastic barrel is pressed in thermometal, so that melt described plastics, and wire netting is bonded on the plastic barrel.

In order to carry out this test, be that 10.12 cubic centimetres specimen material (44) is put into specimen cup (43) with volume.Then 100 gram counterweights (46) are placed on described pad top, thereby apply about 0.3 pound/square inch load.Specimen cup is placed on the described porous glass plate (35).

Suction gradient is to set up like this: reduce the liquid of funnel (34) in opening liquid container (40) by pipe (37,38 and 39) flow into funnel (34), contact with described porous glass plate (35), then funnel (34) is elevated to certain altitude along described graduated laboratory pillar (31), up to setting up the required suction gradient (difference in height in the opening liquid container (40) between liquid level top and porous glass plate (35) height, in centimetre), then with the function of described monitor mensuration as suction gradient, be absorbed material and inhale the amount of liquid that goes and absorb from opening liquid container (40), the liquid that is absorbed in every gram material restrains number.The radius that is equal to according to following formula suction gradient and mesopore is inversely proportional to:

R＝(2γcosθ)/(δgh)

Wherein, the R=mesopore is equal to radius, γ=fluidic surface tension, the θ=contact angle of shrinking back, δ=fluid density, g=acceleration of gravity, and h=suction gradient.By this method of testing, can list the table that is equal to the accumulative total pore volume of function of radius as mesopore.

The gel bed permeability method of testing

A kind of piston/cylinder arrangements that is suitable for carrying out gel bed permeability (GBP) test has been shown among Fig. 2 and 3.Referring to Fig. 2, device (120) comprises a cylinder (122) and a piston (representing with 124 generally).As shown in Figure 2, piston (124) comprises a cylindricality LEXAN  axle (126), has a concentric cylindrical hole (128) downwards along this longitudinal axis.Machined is carried out at the two ends of countershaft (126), so that form first and second ends (130,132).On first end (130), be placed with a counterweight (134), a cylindrical hole (136) arranged in the central authorities of this counterweight.Circular piston head (140) is inserted on second end (132).The size of piston head (140) can be moved it in cylinder (122) internal vertical.As shown in Figure 3, piston head (140) has concentric inside and outside annulus, comprises the cylinder-shaped hole (representing with arrow 142 and 144 generally) of 7 and 14 about 0.375 inch (0.95 centimetre) separately.Open to the bottom from piston head (140) top in hole on described each annulus.This head (140) also has a cylinder-shaped hole (146) of opening in the central, is used to hold second end (132) of axle (126).

400 order stainless steel meshs (148) are connected with the bottom end of cylinder (122), before connecting with this screen cloth along two axis direction stretching tensionings.400 order stainless steel meshs (150) are connected with the bottom end of piston head (140), before connecting with this screen cloth along two axis direction stretching tensionings.Adsorbing material sample (152) is supported on the described net (148).

Cylinder (122) is made by holing on transparent LEXAN  rod or equivalent, and its internal diameter is 6.00 centimetres, area=28.27 square centimeter, and wall thickness is approximately 0.5 centimetre, highly is approximately 5.0 centimetres.Piston head (140) is to form with the machined of LEXAN  rod.It highly is approximately 0.625 inch (1.59 centimetres), and its diameter can be contained in the cylinder (122) it, has minimum wall gap, but still can be free to slide.The hole (146) that is positioned at piston head (140) central authorities has the opening of 0.625 inch (1.59 centimetres) of a thread forms (18 circle threads/inch), is used for second end (132) of connecting axle (126).Axle (126) is to form with the machined of LEXAN  rod, and its external diameter is 0.75 inch (2.22 centimetres), and internal diameter is 0.250 inch (0.64 centimetre).It is long that second end (132) is approximately 0.5 inch (1.27 centimetres), and have screw thread, so that cooperate with hole (146) on the piston head (140).First end (130) about 1 inch (2.54 centimetres) is long, and diameter is 0.623 inch (1.58 centimetres), forms an annular shoulder, so that support rustless steel counterweight (134).The internal diameter of described ring stainless steel counterweight (134) is 0.625 inch (1.59 centimetres), so that it can slide into first end (130) of axle (126), and rests on the formed annular shoulder.The gross weight of piston (124) and counterweight (134) is gram approximately=596, and this is equivalent to apply the pressure (20,685 dynes/cm) of 0.30psi on 28.27 square centimeters area.

When fluid flow through described piston/cylinder arrangements, cylinder (122) rested on 16 purpose rigidity rustless steel supporting network (not shown) or the equivalent usually.Described piston and counterweight are put into an empty cylinder, so that measure height from the counterweight bottom to the cylinder top.Described height is to measure with the slide calliper rule that can be accurate to 0.01 millimeter.This measured value is used to calculate the height of adsorbing material sample bed (152) subsequently.Importantly measure each empty cylinder and be careful at any time and use which piston and counterweight to measure, when the adsorbing material sample expands, use identical piston and counterweight.

Be used for the absorbed layer that GBP measures, normally use a kind of fluid---be generally the sodium-chloride water solution of 0.9% (w/v), about 0.9 gram adsorbing material sample that expands in the GBP cylinder unit was made (before expanding, exsiccant adsorbing material should be dispersed on the screen cloth of this cylinder) in about 15 minutes.Described adsorbing material sample be from advance by Unite States Standard 30 mesh sieves, and remain on and extract in a pile adsorbing material on Unite States Standard 50 mesh sieves.Therefore, the granularity of this adsorbing material is the 300-600 micron.Described granule can screen by hand in advance, perhaps uses the Ro-Tap mechanical shock sieve Model B that is sold by W.S.Tyler company (Mentor, OH USA) to carry out automatic prescreen.

When clock time finished in described 15 minutes, from described cylinder, emit fluid, and piston/counterweight assembly is placed on the described adsorbing material sample.By measure height with micrometer, determine expansible adsorbing material sample thickness from the counterweight bottom to the cylinder top.The value that deduction is measured with empty cylinder the value that obtains after the adsorbing material sample expands just obtains expansible adsorbing material sample bed height H.

When GPB measures beginning, in cylinder (122), add fluid, surpass 4 centimetres of adsorbing material sample (152) bottoms up to fluidic height.Keep this fluid level at this test period.Flow through the Fluid Volume of adsorbing material sample (152) in time by weight analysis determining.Began the back preceding 2 minutes in test, every 1 second image data point, and all the other times were every 2 seconds image data points.When described data were mapped as the Fluid Volume that flows through adsorbing material sample bed in time, those skilled in the art can understand when reached stable flow velocity.Only the data of being gathered after flow speed stability are used to flow velocity calculating.Flow velocity Q by adsorbing material sample (152) is that unit measures with g/s, is to determine with the linear minimum quadratic power match of time (with second) in the fluid (in gram) that flows through the adsorbing material sample.

Permeability by every square centimeter of following formula acquisition:

K＝[Q*(H*Mu)]/[A*Rho*P]

Wherein, K=gel bed permeability (square centimeter); Q=flow velocity (g/s); The height of H=adsorbing material sample bed (centimetre); Mu=liquid viscosity (pool); The cross-sectional area of A=flow of liquid (square centimeter); Rho=fluid density (gram/cubic centimetre); And P=hydrostatic pressure (dynes/cm) (being typically about 3,923 dynes/cm).

Embodiment

The following examples explanation various embodiments of the present invention.By understanding disclosed explanation of the present invention or the practice of this paper, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other embodiments in the claimed scope of this paper.Should be clear and definite, this explanation and embodiment only are regarded as example shape, and scope of the present invention and essence limits by embodiment following claim book.

Example 1

This embodiment has confirmed the complex fluid of silica adsorbent very suitable disposal menstruation and so on.The adsorbent that is used for this embodiment is Zeofree 5175B, by a kind of graininess precipitated silica of J.M.Huber (Haver deGrace, MD USA) sale.Granulating realizes by physical method, and do not have the composition except the precipitated silica granule.The infiltration rate of the Zeofree 5175B of the assessment former state of purchasing and moist again.The result of this assessment provides in table 1.

Table 1

	????Zeofree?5175B
		Soak and decrease 1 (s) and soak and decrease 2 (s) and soak and decrease 3 (s) moist again (g)	????45.91 ????62.34 ????63.0 ????0.85

Above-mentioned sample is at least about 2.05g/g to the reserve capability (use analogies) of complex fluid.

Example 2

This embodiment confirms granularity and distributes to Zeofree 5175B (by J.M.Huber company, Haver de Grace, MD USA sells, a kind of graininess precipitated silica) influence that absorbs, Zeofree 5175B is sieved into the very thin particle size distribution series of grade.By its " former state " and with its combination, measure its infiltration rate and moist again and described particle size distribution is assessed respectively, so that the confirmation infiltration rate can change by having varigrained particulate appropriate combination.The result of described assessment provides in table 2a, and has confirmed that narrow particle size distribution can not realize fluidic very fast absorption.

Table 2a

Order	Soak and decrease 1 (s)	Soak and decrease 2 (s)	Soak and decrease 3 (s)	Moist again (g)
					Former state＞20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-100 100-140 140-170 30-50	????45.91 ????300+ ????300+ ????300+ ????236 ????300+ ????300+ ????268 ????300+ ????300+ ????300+ ????178.0	????62.34 ????--- ????--- ????--- ????300+ ????--- ????--- ????300+ ????--- ????--- ????--- ????122	????63.0 ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????184	????0.85 ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????--- ????0.74

Below table 2b explanation, when narrow particle size distribution was rearranged into two kinds of pattern particle size distribution, some combination can absorb with the soak time that is shorter than 150 seconds, this is considered to ideal.Suitable combination contains the coarse material of big percentage ratio.Carefully with thick proper ratio preferred 10/90; More preferably 20/80; 25/75 order most preferably.The feature of this recombinant proportion is the standard deviation that has greater than meansigma methods 25%.

Table 2b

50: 30 screening ratios (%)	Soak and decrease 1 (s)	Soak and decrease 2 (s)	Soak and decrease 3 (s)
				????10/90 ????20/80 ????25/75 ????50/50 ????75/25 ????80/20 ????90/10	????92 ????67 ????60 ????209.5 ????216 ????206 ????160	????110 ????124 ????107 ????260 ????300+ ????146 ????168	????145 ????134.5 ????169 ????140 ????--- ????--- ????185

When table 2c illustrated the screening Zeofree 5175B between about 30 orders-Yue 50 mesh sieves that measures by the capillary tension method of testing, its mesopore directly distributed.Its mesopore of Zeofree 5175B that contains 75% about 20 orders-about 30 order materials and the about 50 order materials of 25% about 40-that table 2d explanation is measured by the capillary tension method of testing directly distributes.Two kinds of pore-size distributions that combinations of particle sizes produced shown in the table 2d, its aperture is lower than the aperture of sample shown in 2c percentage composition.Greater than about 100 microns hole big percentage ratio is arranged in the combination particle mixture, the absorption indicated with the data among table 2a and the 2b improves relevant.

Table 2c

Pore radius (micron)	Accumulative total pore volume (g/g)	% pore volume (accumulative total)
			????50.00 ????100.00 ????150.00 ????200.00 ????250.00 ????300.00 ????350.00 ????400.00 ????450.00 ????500.00 ????1000.00	????2.27 ????2.30 ????2.39 ????2.49 ????2.59 ????2.70 ????2.78 ????2.79 ????2.81 ????2.82 ????2.95	????76.96 ????77.94 ????81.15 ????84.56 ????87.86 ????91.52 ????94.14 ????94.75 ????95.20 ????95.49 ????100.00

Table 2d

Pore radius (micron)	Accumulative total pore volume (g/g)	% pore volume (accumulative total)
			????50.00 ????100.00 ????150.00 ????200.00 ????250.00 ????300.00 ????350.00 ????400.00 ????450.00 ????500.00 ????1000.00	????2.08 ????2.08 ????2.09 ????2.15 ????2.35 ????2.49 ????2.59 ????2.67 ????2.73 ????2.75 ????2.96	????70.24 ????70.34 ????70.74 ????72.67 ????79.28 ????84.14 ????87.71 ????90.39 ????92.27 ????93.09 ????100.00

Example 3

This embodiment explanation, Vermiculitum, a kind of hydration layered magnesium-aluminum-ferrosilicate (being sold P.O. Box 8029, Pine Bluff, AR71611 USA by Strong-Lite Products) has ideal soak time, moist and complex fluid reserve capability again.Table 3b shows that Vermiculitum has suitable pore-size distribution, so that ideal absorption and moist again is provided.Pore-size distribution among the table 3b is measured by the capillary tension method of testing.It is believed that stratiform internal pore structure, make this adsorbing material have ideal absorption, moist and complex fluid reserve capability again just because of Vermiculitum.

Table 3a

	Vermiculitum
		Soak and decrease 1 (s) and soak and decrease 2 (s) and soak and decrease 3 (s) moist again (g)	????29.03 ????30.56 ????19.62 ????0.32

Table 3b

Pore radius (micron)	Accumulative total pore volume (g/g)	% pore volume (accumulative total)
			????50.00 ????100.00 ????150.00 ????200.00 ????250.00 ????300.00 ????350.00 ????400.00 ????450.00 ????500.00 ????1000.00	????2.87 ????2.94 ????3.13 ????3.55 ????3.95 ????4.23 ????4.37 ????4.54 ????4.61 ????4.67 ????4.96	????57.93 ????59.25 ????63.10 ????71.65 ????79.58 ????85.26 ????88.09 ????91.62 ????93.00 ????94.13 ????100.00

The complex fluid reserve capability that Vermiculitum showed is at least about 2.17g/g.

Example 4

This embodiment explanation is called as perlitic Ryolex3---mainly be the aluminosilicate adsorbing material (sell by Silbrico company, 6300River Rd., Hodgkins IL60525-4257USA), shows the desirable soak time shown in the 4a.Table 4b shows that Ryolex3 has suitable pore-size distribution, so that ideal absorption is provided.Pore-size distribution among the table 4b is measured by the capillary tension method of testing.The complex fluid reserve capability that Ryolex3 showed is approximately 4.4g/g at least.

Table 4a

	????Ryolex?3
		Soak and decrease 1 (s) and soak and decrease 2 (s) and soak and decrease 3 (s) moist again (g)	????42.45 ????59.88 ????80.27 ????1.08

Table 4b

Pore radius (micron)	Accumulative total pore volume (g/g)	% pore volume (accumulative total)
			????50.00 ????100.00 ????150.00 ????200.00 ????250.00 ????300.00 ????350.00 ????400.00 ????450.00 ????500.00 ????1000.00	????3.06 ????3.26 ????3.45 ????3.58 ????3.70 ????3.76 ????3.82 ????3.88 ????3.91 ????3.93 ????4.23	????72.36 ????77.20 ????81.60 ????84.79 ????87.64 ????89.00 ????90.49 ????91.75 ????92.48 ????92.97 ????100.00

Example 5

This embodiment explanation, Celphere CP305, a kind of coccoid microcrystalline Cellulose (being sold 1735Market St., Philadelphia, PA19103 USA by FMC Corp.) shows the ideal shown in the table 5 and absorbs with moist again.

Table 5

	????Celphere ????CP305
		Soak and decrease 1 (s) and soak and decrease 2 (s) and soak and decrease 3 (s) moist again (g)	????31.89 ????56.99 ????47.78 ????0.00

Celphere CP305 is the spheric relatively adsorbing material example with uniform particle size distribution (being that mean diameter is about 400 microns).Because described granule is quite big, and is spheric comparatively speaking, the permeability of this material very high (promptly being higher than 1000K).This high permeance property is explained described ideal absorption.But, because Celphere CP305 does not have internal structure, the complex fluid reserve capability is about 0.63g/g, and being illustrated as the reservation complex fluid need be less than about 100 microns hole.

Example 6

This embodiment illustrates LC200HF, and the material that a kind of balling-up cellulose fibre is made is (by J.Rettenmaier﹠amp; Sohne GmbH﹠amp; Company sells, D-73496, Rosenberg, Germany), show the ideal shown in the table 6 and absorb with moist again.

Table 6

	????LC200HF
		Soak and decrease 1 (s) and soak and decrease 2 (s) and soak and decrease 3 (s) moist again (g)	????34 ????38 ????26 ????0.75

Example 7

Cab-O-Sil M5, a kind of untreated calcine Silicon stone (is sold by Cabot company, Boston MA02109USA), causes the influence that complex fluid (being analogies in this example) is absorbed owing to there is the fluid dehydration that causes in too high percentage ratio (＞2%) aperture (less than 1 micron).Table 7a represents the hole less than about 1 micron pore size of too much volume, to the influence of complex fluid infiltration rate.

Table 7a

	??Cab-O-Sil?M5
		Soak and decrease 1 (s) and soak and decrease 2 (s) and soak and decrease 3 (s)	????300+ ????--- ????---

Table 7b

Bore dia (micron)	Accumulative total pore volume (g/g)	% pore volume (accumulative total)
			????653.512 ????378.860 ????259.830 ????200.326 ????162.234 ????135.774 ????117.322 ????102.620 ????90.892 ????81.925 ????74.171 ????68.064 ????62.602 ????58.144 ????54.149 ????50.265 ????47.840 ????45.261 ????39.375 ????30.661 ????20.600 ????10.037 ????8.037 ????6.030 ????4.101 ????2.007 ????1.039 ????0.512 ????0.251	????12.6411 ????12.4288 ????12.002 ????11.4777 ????11.0606 ????10.6848 ????10.3533 ????9.9384 ????9.6361 ????9.3729 ????9.1418 ????8.808 ????8.58 ????8.3835 ????8.0819 ????7.8929 ????7.7631 ????7.6236 ????7.2523 ????6.6537 ????5.7078 ????4.0636 ????3.621 ????3.0944 ????2.5759 ????1.7004 ????1.0323 ????0.4653 ????0	????100.0 ????98.3 ????94.9 ????90.8 ????87.5 ????84.5 ????81.9 ????78.6 ????76.2 ????74.1 ????72.3 ????69.7 ????67.9 ????66.3 ????63.9 ????62.4 ????61.4 ????60.3 ????57.4 ????52.6 ????45.2 ????32.1 ????28.6 ????24.5 ????20.4 ????13.5 ????8.2 ????3.7 ????0.0

The pore-size distribution of the Cab-O-Sil that the data declaration of table 7b is measured by hydrargyrum pore size determination method, wherein diameter is about 8% less than the pore volume in about 1 micron hole.Hydrargyrum pore size determination data are that (One Micromeritics Dr. NorcrossGA30093USA) obtains from Micromeritics instrument company.Required test is Macro and the Meso volume/pore-size distribution test that hydrargyrum is invaded the pore size determination method, is numbered 005-65000-31.The Auto Pore hydrargyrum aperture tester Unit750 that sample is placed on Micromeritics instrument company go up to measure, since 17 of on July 28th, 1999, to 10 end on July 29th, 1999.Above disclosed embodiment does not really want to limit by any way scope of the present invention.For a person skilled in the art, apparent, various improvement and other embodiments and purposes to the disclosed composite that contains super absorbent also are regarded as belonging to scope of the present invention.

Claims (54)

1. absorbent article, the granule that comprises containment device and at least a adsorbing material, in the described containment device, the about 50% absorbent particles pore volume of about 20-is arranged from greater than about 100 microns holes, being used for complex fluid absorption and complex fluid distributes, and about 50% pore volume of its about 80-is used for complex fluid to keep from less than about 100 microns hole, and the amount of described adsorption particle in containment device accounts for this containment device and the about 10-of adsorption particle gross weight about 100%.

2. absorbent article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described containment device comprises top layer and backing layer.

3. absorbent article as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described top layer is the supatex fabric of fluid penetrable.

4. absorbent article as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described top layer is foraminous thin film.

5. absorbent article as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described backing layer is a supatex fabric.

6. absorbent article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises hydrophilic material.

7. absorbent article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described adsorption particle directly is fixed on fiber or the thin polymer film.

8. absorbent article as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises inorganic material.

9. absorbent article as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described adsorbing material is selected from following one group: active carbon, metal-oxide, silicate, zeolite, carbonate, phosphate, borate and aeroge.

10. absorbent article as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises organic material.

11. as the absorbent article of claim 10, wherein, described adsorbing material is selected from following one group: cellulosic material, starch, chitin, alginate and synthetic polymer.

12. the absorbent article of claim 6, wherein said adsorbing material are organic and mixture inorganic material.

13. absorbent article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the intergranular gap of described adsorbing material is about 1000 microns of about 100-.

14. absorbent article as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the granule internal orifice dimension of described adsorbing material is about 0.2 micron of about 100-.

15. absorbent article as claimed in claim 1 wherein, is less than about 2% pore volume from less than about 1 micron hole.

16. absorbent article that comprises containment device and at least a absorbing material granules, in described containment device, approximately the permeability of about 100% adsorption particle of 10%-is at least 1000K, and the consumption of described adsorption particle in containment device accounts for about 10-about 100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

17. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, the permeability of described adsorption particle is the about 4000K of about 1000-.

18. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, described containment device comprises top layer and backing layer.

19. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises hydrophilic material.

20. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, described adsorption particle directly is fixed on fiber or the thin polymer film.

21. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, described adsorbing material is organic and mixture inorganic material.

22. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, the intergranular gap of described adsorbing material is about 1000 microns of about 100-.

23. as the absorbent article of claim 16, wherein, the intragranular aperture of described adsorbing material is about 0.2 micron of about 100-.

24., wherein, be less than 2% pore volume from less than about 1 micron hole as the absorbent article of claim 16.

25. absorbent article that comprises containment device and at least a absorbing material granules, in the described containment device, described adsorption particle is at least about 2g/g to the reserve capability of complex fluid, and the amount of described adsorption particle in containment device accounts for about 10-about 100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

26. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described adsorption particle is the about 15g/g of about 1-to the reserve capability of complex fluid.

27. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described adsorption particle is the about 8g/g of about 2-to the reserve capability of complex fluid.

28. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described adsorption particle is the about 6g/g of about 2-to the reserve capability of complex fluid.

29. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described containment device comprises top layer and backing layer.

30. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises hydrophilic material.

31. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described adsorption particle directly is fixed on fiber or the thin polymer film.

32. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, described adsorbing material is organic and mixture inorganic material.

33. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, the intergranular gap of described adsorbing material is about 1000 microns of about 100-.

34. as the absorbent article of claim 25, wherein, the intragranular aperture of described adsorbing material is about 0.2 micron of about 100-.

35., wherein, be less than 2% pore volume from less than about 1 micron hole as the absorbent article of claim 25.

36. absorbent article that comprises containment device and at least a absorbing material granules, in the described containment device, the smallest average particle size of described adsorption particle is about at least 200 microns, its standard deviation is at least the about 25% of described particle mean size, and the amount of described adsorption particle in containment device accounts for about 10-about 100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

37. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, the particle mean size of described adsorption particle is about 800 microns of about 200-.

38. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, the particle mean size of described adsorption particle is about 600 microns of about 300-.

39. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, the particle mean size of described adsorption particle is about 500 microns of about 400-.

40. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, described containment device comprises top layer and backing layer.

41. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises hydrophilic material.

42. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, described adsorption particle directly is fixed on fiber or the thin polymer film.

43. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, described adsorbing material is organic and mixture inorganic material.

44. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, the intergranular gap of described adsorbing material is about 1000 microns of about 100-.

45. as the absorbent article of claim 36, wherein, the intragranular aperture of described adsorbing material is about 0.2 micron of about 100-.

46., wherein, be less than 2% pore volume from less than about 1 micron hole as the absorbent article of claim 36.

47. absorbent article that comprises containment device and at least a absorbing material granules, in the described containment device, described adsorption particle has the particle size distribution of various modes, and the amount of described adsorption particle in containment device accounts for about 10-about 100% of this containment device and adsorption particle gross weight.

48. as the absorbent article of claim 47, wherein, described containment device comprises top layer and backing layer.

49. as the absorbent article of claim 47, wherein, described adsorbing material comprises hydrophilic material.

50. as the absorbent article of claim 47, wherein, described adsorption particle directly is fixed on fiber or the thin polymer film.

51. as the absorbent article of claim 47, wherein, described adsorbing material is organic and mixture inorganic material.

52. as the absorbent article of claim 47, wherein, the intergranular gap of described adsorbing material is about 1000 microns of about 100-.

53. as the absorbent article of claim 47, wherein, the intragranular aperture of described adsorbing material is about 0.2 micron of about 100-.

54., wherein, be less than 2% pore volume from less than about 1 micron hole as the absorbent article of claim 47.

Images