CN1345393A

CN1345393A - Structural system of torsion/toroidal elements and methods of construction therewith

Info

Publication number: CN1345393A
Application number: CN00805555A
Authority: CN
Inventors: I 普罗维托拉·安东尼
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-03-26
Filing date: 2000-03-20
Publication date: 2002-04-17
Anticipated expiration: 2020-03-20
Also published as: EP1173644A4; EA200101004A1; AU770845B2; JP2002541360A; OA11921A; AP2001002280A0; ATE522673T1; EP1173644A1; CA2367090A1; CN1142348C; NZ514075A; EA003037B1; WO2000058575A1; BR0010775A; AU3901200A; MXPA01009703A; AP1751A; WO2000058575B1; EP1173644B1; CA2367090C

Abstract

The present invention is a structural system of torsion/toroidal elements (184, figure 84) that can be connected to form structures with greater structural strength and efficiency, and which have the capacity to bear compression, tension and flexion loading by conversion of such loading to torsion loading of the connected torsion/toroidal elements. The present invention also includes method of construction using torsion/toroidal elements.

Description

Reverse/the structural system and methods of construction therewith of ring-type element

Technical field

This patent categorizing system does not comprise the classification of structural system, as best illustration of the present invention, and the but particular type of argumentation structure, such as " static structure " (U.S.'s 52 classes) " bridge " (U.S., 14 classes) (U.S. is subclass to " rail truck " (U.S., class/subclass 105/396+) " boats and ships ", 144/65+), " aviation " (U.S., class/subclass, 244/117+), " surface car vehicle body and top " (U.S., 296 classes) etc.Do not find the textural classification of torsion device, classification is limited to spring (U.S.'s 267 classes) etc.Simultaneously, the present invention has and it has been generally acknowledged that class/subclass by U.S. 152/1-13, spring wheel, elastic tyre and wheel and U.S. 152/516-520 class/subclass, the element that " gas leakage " device covers.

Background technology

Since prestressed concrete and steel concrete, structural iron and use cable wire to occur as tensional element since, in the structural system of basic static structure, do not obtain remarkable break-throughs.Having obtained some new developments aspect engineering science and the architecture, such as various types of foldable structures, pipe, ball and other space truss, and in the vehicle structure field, such as the sclerosis of shaping sheet.Yet in compression, stretching and bend mode, these progress do not have a kind of use that can break away from traditional structural member.Though in the vehicle structure field, such as some new development in the sclerosis of shaping sheet, with rigid rib, basic skills is not significant in longeron, the Design of Truss changes.The present invention to weight, intensity, flexible and quantity, is all having remarkable break-throughs aspect static and the mobility in structural system.

Except common technical field of structural engineering, it seems that the present invention does not rely on any prior art, wherein there is not any any direct argumentation to torsion element or ring-type element textural association.

Declare to have the similitude that can find some the surperficial figure that comprises profile or form in certain patent of invention at some to comprising the dome that uses annular or circular element or spherical structure.Wherein a kind of is at United States Patent (USP) 4,128, disclosed circular structure in No. 104, and it is " a kind of structural framing of being made up of the annular construction member that intersects each other with ad hoc fashion ".Do not specify any application of the torsional load of annular construction member in the disclosure, and require annular construction member to connect (" intersecting ").Another kind is a United States Patent (USP) 3,959, No. 937 unit dome structure, and it comprises that " annular " element by same size is with a kind of dome of ad hoc fashion type of attachment.The disclosure comprises " improvement of the building structure of dome or other spherical frame ", do not lecture a kind of omnipotent structural system, because the visible intensity that is difficult to expect, lectured using " the thin ring of simple annular or other simple form ", be limited to use " measure-alike basically element ", and not any application of detailed supporting document or load torsion strength.

Disclosure of an invention

The present invention is a kind of structural system, promptly in one embodiment, utilizes the element of " annular ", and " ring-type element " links to each other and form structure; In another kind of embodiment, utilize to reverse element as main bearing mode, " torsion element " is connected with each other and forms structure; And in a kind of preferred embodiment, utilize by " annular torsional element ", become " annular ", work as main bearing mode structural member by reversing, be connected to form structure.

Refer to a kind of structural member that works as main bearing mode by reversing as the term " torsion element " that in the disclosure and appended claims, uses.

Refer to " annulus " or relevant as the term " annular " that uses in the disclosure and appended claims with " annulus ", the annular element of wheel do not attempted to limit the present invention in term " annulus ", it is defined as a kind of surface on mathematics, and be bound rotation solid, be to be centered in the plane, circular section by the cross section that rotates the pipe that limits torus, a kind of circle obtains.Refer to any form of general characteristic with torus as the term " annulus " that in this explanation and appended claims, uses, promptly the pipe, cylinder, or the prism that self seals, do not consider its any systematicness, with so refer to any tubular, cylindrical or self seal into the prismatic of torus common configuration, so finished formation " annular " " pipe " mechanical circuit, and do not consider the shape in its cross section, it can be a kind of known " annular " in change equably.Annular can be by being connected to form of straight or crooked cylinder or prismatic cross section, or by any combination of straight or bending sections or being connected to form of order, and may be the Any shape that closure tube forms; Oval, circle, polygonal, no matter rule whether is irregular, symmetry, part symmetry or even asymmetric is partly or entirely outwards protruded or depression no matter be.In addition, be used in term in this manual or the appended claims " annular " and be used for and comprise: (a) Huan Xing continuous surface, the tube wall of limited thickness, its outside is fettered by annular surface, and by the solid of annular surface constraint; (b) any framework of element will have the shape of ring as being capped; (c) be arranged in any framework of annular surface track element; (d) fiber, lead, line, cable, or the bundle of hollow section or coil, constraint, around, braiding is reversed, and gummed, welding or with other method are joined together in this way, and form plural number or annular separately.The key property of annular construction member is that by compression, the conventional cross that the inner rim of its pipe that stretching or other loading are worked does not have other than ring type supports the diameter or the string of a musical instrument.Yet ring-type element can be reinforced at the inner rim of its pipe by other ring-type element, and shown in Figure 78 to 81, it may be an annular, traditional or other.

" reverse/ring-type element " as the term that in the disclosure and appended claims, uses and to refer to a kind of member, can or torsion element, ring-type element or reverse ring-type element, term " reverses/ring-type element " so comprise all three kinds of alternatives.In addition, when referring to one of any above-mentioned replacement meaning, this alternative is by its appropriate explanation expression particularly: torsion element, ring-type element or reverse ring-type element., when touching upon a kind of torsion element, can be the torsion element of annular or other than ring type with being used for specifying, when touching upon a kind of ring-type element, can be to reverse or the non-ring-type element that reverses with being used for specifying.

This structural system comprises that connect together multiple reverse/ring-type element, thereby in the relation that is connected to each other, reverse/there is not unwanted motion basically in ring-type element.Two or more reverse/and ring-type element can connect with identical connected mode.Reverse/connection of ring-type element be load on reverse/ring-type element in the transmission or the means of distributing each other.

" be connected " as the term that uses in the disclosure and appended claims and refer to, except its common implication, be with reverse/a kind of of ring-type element be connected, and as the term " connection " that in the disclosure, uses comprise, except its its ordinary meaning, cause the element of two or more members connections and any combination of process, and and then comprise by this parts space of certificate in fact, the object that produces by this process, and with the parts of the member of the contact connection of this parts or object; But all do not comprise term " connection " and " connection " connection (intersecting) as the member of the means that connect ring-type element.

Though the structural system of the torsion element that connects, can in the structure that does not utilize ring-type element, use, and the structural system of the ring-type element that connects can be used in the structure that does not utilize torsion element, but preferred embodiment and best mode and other, connect, the structural system of annular torsional element is combined.Therefore, though the structural system of torsion element and the structural system of ring-type element are (need not make up with another kind) that can operate respectively separately, but by having the complementary characteristic of torsional load annular, they are combined together in the invention basic principle of the structural system of annular torsional element.

Use the building method of structural system in the present invention includes in every way, and the method that the annular torsional element is constructed in reproduction process, and the structure that may be used in certain advanced configuration in this system.

Reverse/ring-type element more effectively uses the intensity of material, and have the ability to redistribute the load of giving them by them for the connection of the structural system of its element.Structural system connects in structure reverses/distribute most of compression effectively in the ring-type element, stretch bending and torsional load.So the difference of this structure and conventional construction is that the element of The latter works in stretching or the bending only in compression, as beam, pillar, i iron, deck, truss etc.Yet, when only being used for compression, stretch, or crooked element can obtain the structure interests of identical load distribution when constituting with the present invention.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention adopt the ring-type element of the torsion element structure that uses annular.Torsion element uses the torsion strength of material, and have the ability by being that the torsional load of distributing to them is born in the connection of the structural system of parts with them, utilize the majority compression of the preferred embodiment conversion of annular torsional element with this system construction, stretching and bending load are on the torsional load that comprises the torsion element structure.The use of annular torsional element is also contributed the structure of self-supporting annular.

The present invention considers and reverses/and ring-type element can reverse by another kind/and ring-type element constitutes, thereby constitute like this, known reversing/ring-type element works by the carrying that the minor structure of its composition is born structural load.This structure can be a member, reverse/annular traditional or very, they are parts that size is similar to the unit construction of known ring-type element, or size is significantly less than the member of known reversing/ring-type element and basically as the basis of known reversing/ring-type element ability to bear.Under latter event, the structure of known reversing/ring-type element can be to reverse/duplicate of the little minor structure of ring-type element, and it can become again successively reverses/duplicate of the littler minor structure of ring-type element.This structure reproduction process can proceed to microcosmic, even the small level of molecule.

Native system comprises that also use can be used for reversing with other/reversing/structure of the traditional element of ring-type element of using in the combination of ring-type element in structure.In addition, one of characteristic of the present invention is, traditional element is as with reversing/beam, i iron, deck, available arched surface such as truss and the prestressing force processing of ring-type element structure.Though this structure and traditional truss have similitude, but finally depending on, the intensity of the structural integrity of torsion element and torsion element can bear reversing/ring-type element of torsional load, and be not that (on the meaning of original supporting) maybe must depend on picture in compression basically, the element of the linear string of a musical instrument in stretching or the bending and pillar carrying.

Reverse/in fact ring-type element can be suitable for that structure can be carried and be made for the material of the applicable structure of environment by any.

The basic principle of structural system is the present invention, be that torsion element bears that to be placed on them be the torsional load largest portion of the structural load of parts, except being present in the local power of torsion element in connecting, this load all be distributed in its structure be finally with the torsion element that is connected of structure basically on.

The present invention considers that the structure that the reversing of connection/ring-type element constitutes can be combined in the other structure together with conventional components, so that bear compression with this reversing/loop configuration, and stretching and bending load.

In fact torsion element can have the Any shape that allows their to connect, thereby and is worked by torsional load.Yet the preferred embodiments of the present invention adopt the torsion element of annular.This annular torsional element can be used to produce various new form of structure, is used for static state and removable frame.Duplicating of the annular torsional element that annular is convenient to construct is to produce increasing annular torsional element, applicable to the size of final structure applications.

By starting reproduction process can produce various structures with nanostructured level or bigger reversing/ring-type element, itself can be considered to be in the material that adopts in the traditional structure this structure, as is used for bridge floor, plate, the compressing tablet of epidermis and any curvature.

To static state and removable frame, reverse/ring-type element all can be used to generate new form of structure.Annular is convenient to duplicating of ring-type element, produces increasing ring-type element, can be suitable for the size of structure applications.Start reproduction process can produce various structures with the nanostructured order of magnitude or bigger ring-type element, itself can be considered to be in the material that adopts in the traditional structure this structure, as is used for bridge floor, plate, the compressing tablet of epidermis and any curvature.

Use the building of structural framing of the present invention to only require to connect and reverse/ring-type element, and can use pre-alignedly, even be combined in and reversing/connector in the design of ring-type element.

Reverse/ring-type element can connect with any means, but the unwanted motion of generation in not allowing to connect.This means can be any type of combinations, as welding, and gummed, welding, or use securing member, and as pin, screw, or anchor clamps., preferably connection means are to use " hookup ".Term " hookup " is used for representing the two or more torsion elements of connection in the disclosure, they are remained on the device of required relative position each other, therefore, when reverse/when ring-type element reaches desired location, reverse/ring-type element can not do unwanted relative motion each other in hookup.This hookup itself can by reverse/ring-type element constitutes, or be solid or have some other structure.Term " hookup " also comprises connecting and reverses/ring-type element and conventional components, with reverse/ring-type element and conventional components all remain on the device of desired location, thereby member can not be done unwanted relative motion each other in hookup.Though the function of hookup is maintenance to be reversed/and ring-type element position each other is relevant, but reverse in the connection relevant with the structural load of element outside/ring-type element can move, comprise the rotation of the axle that element limits by anchor clamps in the hookup each other, and element is by the slip of hookup anchor clamps, this motion is expected, and is suitable for dispense pressure in the element of known reversing/loop configuration.

Hookup retaining member function in position can adjust with former position and the driving of this adjustment engages.Relative position to each other by reversing of connecting of hookup/ring-type element can change or adjust in this respect, remains on the desired position then.Therefore, this hookup must be designed to have the ability to be used for even finish this adjustment, but also can design by this adjustment of certain power drive.This driving can be carried out the DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION that loads in the affected member, or carries out dynamic shape conversion, or the two is all done.Can reach this point by making the connection that one or more available drivings maybe need not drive adjustable structure.In addition, this power drive available computers control of regulating the hookup connection is so that accurately determine required change of shape and structure effect.Therefore, the function of this hookup is to use or does not use the driving of this control, adjust the connection of coupling, thereby a kind of reversing/ring-type element can with the connection of other the relevant member that connects with its in move, the maintenance in this position that produces by this motion then with being connected firmly, so that this reverses/ring-type element in connection with respect to the not significant motion of any other member in connecting, unless on purpose move by hookup again.

The details of this system is described, the function of its element and with the method for these those structures of system construction can be with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 to 4 represents a kind of embodiment, shows the basic principle of the situation of reversing of this structural system.In Fig. 1 to 4, two kinds of torsion elements 3,4 connections are connected to form the torsion structure assembly with two kinds of hookups 1,6.Torsion element 3 and 4 is expressed as the rectangle of the opening of being with the circular section with principle of specification, but any cross sectional shape and any component shape can be used for having the hookup of compatible opening.The hookup 1,6 of expression has cylinder open, connects shape device 6 and has bearing 7, be convenient in hookup, and freely the rotating of torsion element, and hookup 1 has the splined end 5 of the anchor clamps 2 of spline with joint torsion element 3,4.The purposes of the splined end 5 that is engaged by the spline anchor clamps 2 of correspondence is to keep torsion element securely with respect to hookup 1, so that prevent the motion of the torsion element in the hookup.The purposes of the hookup 6 that tape spool holds is that constraint torsion element 3 and 4 arm be in line under the effect of power.So when torsion element 3 was stressed, the arm that this power attempt makes torsion element 3 was with respect to engaging at it in hookup 1 around its rotation, this power will be created in the torsional load on the arm, and the position of hookup 1 is fixed on arm.In the position of hookup 1 is unfixed place, and the attempt of this change torsion element 3 orientations also can produce the rotation with respect to the reverse arm of other torsion element 4 of the hookup 1 that has torsion element 3, and element 4 also is bonded in the hookup 1.Hookup 1 is rotated in this attempt, has joined the spline anchor clamps 2 of the spline 5 of torsion element 4 to, will produce torsional load on the arm of other torsion element 4, and the position of torsion element 4 is fixed there.So, the variation of position that is connected to the torsion element 3 of another element 4 by the hookup 1 that engages will be created in a kind of from torsion element 3 to another element 4 torsional loads transmission.The effect of hookup 6 is the collimations that help to keep torsion element 3 and 4 arms.

The another kind of embodiment of principle of specification is shown among Fig. 5 to 8.In this variation, the orientation of torsion element is opposite, but the transmission of torque load(ing) is to finish with

hookup

21,26, by the torsion element 28 in the middle of adding, is cylindrical bar in the present invention, and those are similar among

hookup

21,26 and Fig. 1 to 4.The purposes of spline 25 is again the spline anchor clamps 22 that engage hookup 21, so fix they and

torsion element

23,24 rotation equally, and tape spool holds 27 hookup 26, its purposes is that the motion and 28 rotations of middle torsion element of the arm of

constraint torsion element

23,24 make each other in line.In this variation, middle torsion element 28 works by the hookup 21 that is connected on the end points relative with it with opposite torque, and this connector can transmit load on torsion element 23 and 24.To the expression among Fig. 1 to 4 that coexists of middle torsion element 28 traffic load modes, and the mode of traffic load is identical between the torsion element 3 and 4 of assembly.Therefore, be transferred to by a kind of torsion element 23 in the middle of the load of torsion element 28 and opposite from the torsional load of another kind of torsion element 24 transmission.Like this, intermediary element 28 provides the additional capabilities of bearing torsional load by element of construction.

Though the linkage by single middle torsion element 28 between

torsion element

23 and 24 is shown among Fig. 5 to 8, available appropriate combination and the layout more than torsion element in the middle of a kind of and hookup of the connection between the

torsion element

23 and 24 shown in Fig. 5 to 8 finished.

In two kinds of above-mentioned variations, torsional load equally is distributed on the torsion element of connection by their effects each other, understands thoroughly as Newton's third law, and it can partly be set fourth as " to the equal reaction of the total existence of each effect.”

The spline end of the torsion element of spline anchor clamps hookup shown in Fig. 1 to 4 and Fig. 5 to 8 and correspondence is not that attempt reaches fixedly connected unique device between torsion element and hookup.Really, be used for fixing hookup to all means of torsion element as welding, gummed, fusion, pin joint, screw engagement is clamped, all be considered to suitable with hookup with the supporting of any on-circular cross-section torsion element, connect torsion element transmission torsional load for use in hookup.

Assembly itself shown in Fig. 1 to 4 and 5 to 8 can similarly be connected to linear array, and shown dissimilar assembly can be connected to form the array with Any shape, and can be sealing, and is circle or asymmetric and irregular.

The closed array that reverses assembly that connects does not have the terminal of traffic load, and linear array also is like this.So any torsional load that is placed in closed array on the torsion element will be transferred to and be distributed on the torsion elements all in the array.

As noted, in fact torsion element can adopt arbitrary shape, as long as they can be connected with the similar mode shown in 5 to 8 by Fig. 1 to 4, so, bearing and transmitting of torsional load just is provided.The example of another kind of torsion element shape is shown in Fig. 9 and 10, and the variety of way that connects into is shown among Fig. 5 to 8.

Torsion element can have angle ground to connect to produce the angle arranged reverse assembly and structure, and form its linear array, shown in the example among Figure 13.The same characteristic features of torsional load transmission is present in this class configuration, and structure and discussion early is such as represented.As shown in the example of Figure 11 and 12, concerning the torsion element of any kind in fact, it is possible having the angle to connect.In addition, the connection of any kind angle that has that can be used for torsion element connects.

The torsion element that has the angle to connect also can be connected in the closed array, as shown in figure 14.The angle connection that has between the element is convenient to comprise more torsion element in array in equal length, thereby be used to absorb torsional stress for array provides bigger ability.Though circular array only is shown, the array of any closure all is possible and will equally shares the same characteristic features that torsional load distributes with circular array.That no matter display is to open or sealing, a kind of symmetry of array and the mode of loading thereof will determines the uniformity of torsional stress distribution.As can be seen from Figure 14, the closed symmetrical matrix-like of torsion element becomes a kind of annulus, i.e. the shape of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The also available a kind of hookup of the element of construction of torsion element and array thereof connects, and shown in Figure 15 to 18, the there torsion element is annular.The torsion element of smooth curved absorbs torsional stress along the variable-length ground of ring pipe, be added in this torsion element and be tending towards button strand torsion element along the torque of arbitrfary point on its pipe range, torque is along the body transmission of torsion element, structure by torsion element, be used to absorb the capacity of material of torsional stress and the curvature decision of torsion element.In any case a kind of load of flexion torsion element is fixedly attached on the another kind of flexion torsion element by a kind of hookup, shown in Figure 15 to 18, will be transferred to another kind of element in the same manner, as is shown in the torsion element of the connection among Fig. 1 to 4.

As for, all other torsion element, annular torsional element can be connected in as shown in figure 19 the closed array, and it can form the bigger ring-type element framework with torsion strength feature.Really, the present invention considers the self-similarity of the annular torsional element that is made of less annular torsional element, can expand to the architectural feature of accurately controlling all this annular torsional elements.

By Figure 19, reversing/ring-type element between all connections be expressed as " outside " in the drawings, promptly reverse/a kind of " outside " connector on the ring-type element external surface finishes with being added in.This connection is called " outside " with continuing, is connected opposedly with " inner ", and it comprises does not use hookup or other intermediary's device connection to reverse/all means of ring-type element.Reversing in the combination of the torsion element that connects in inside/ring-type element is shown in the various views among Figure 20 to 23.

The purpose of figure is in the disclosure, and closely approaching reversing of all shown in should be understood to/ring-type element is connected in their hithermost zones by the inside connection, unless otherwise noted, and such as connecting with hookup.In addition, the purpose of remainder of the present disclosure is, unless otherwise instructed, reverse at two kinds/the hithermost place of ring-type element lacks the outward appearance of outer type device, does not represent that this element can not connect with hookup.As desired by practical application, like this all connections of expression can be inside or outside in the drawings, even do not indicate like this in specific figure.This agreement is used for the example of the closed array shown in Figure 24 and 25, and the there element of construction is shown among Figure 20 to 23 framework of looping torsion element.

By the agreement of here setting up, the array that is shown in Figure 24 and 25 circle comprises the inner annular torsional element that is connected., the inner observation that connects is shown in the various views of Figure 26 to 33, is being shown between Figure 24 and the 25 two kinds of annulus that form, and illustrates that the inside that can be implemented between the ring-type element by the outside connection of using between their composition ring-type element connects.This inner connection is not to finish by the coupling of the composition ring-type element of annulus, may connect by the inside between the ring-type element that constitutes the component ring-type element and finish.This inner the connection also can be by add ons, and that reverse or other element transmits.In addition, the size that this process can be more and more littler is duplicated in the mode of self similarity, drops to basic reversing/ring-type element, and it can itself be a kind of structure, but needn't form from circular array.

What have that the angle connects reverses/array of ring-type element, the ring that these elements itself form can be oval-shaped, shown in Figure 35 and 36, or other Any shape, and have various direction characteristics, be converted into the torsional load that it forms annular torsion element as the transverse bending of reversing of wherein producing/ring-type element.The not isostructure of this reversing/ring-type element can be made up as required, to satisfy the concentric external structural requirement that connects of tubular type between this reversing/ring-type element, as shown in figure 34.

Connect reverse/the linear array structure of ring-type element also can be used for forming member, as bar, pipe, stake or pillar, the example is shown in Figure 42 and 43.These structures also can have the direction characteristic that is similar to circular array discussed above, and can be included in the concentric structure of composite tube type as shown in figure 44.

Reverse substantially/ring-type element can be by the material of thinking solid, as metal, and polymer, foamed plastics, timber, or the pipe manufacturer of this material.Thisly reverse substantially/ring-type element in addition can with reverse/form of ring-type element framework partly or entirely is pressed into the torsion element that assembly connects.Reverse substantially/the ring-type element manufacturing can be undertaken by any standard fabrication methods, as reeling, extrudes molding, the stratification of resin and fabric, and fiber composite.

Reverse/also available other of ring-type element reverse/the ring-type element structure, and the array that need not connect, as be shown in the link of Figure 38 to 41, and forms by the surperficial textile strip of six kinds of annulus around the central axis annulus, wherein all have complete same size.This class reverses/and the principal character of ring-type element is the surface weave band of annulus, rotates freely around its circular shaft, only is subjected to the internal friction of annulus in the band and the obstruction of frictional force to each other.

May constitute with the pipe that is limited by closed helical and reverse/ring-type element, as shown in figure 37, the principal character of this class ring-type element is that helix tube rotates freely around its axle, and this is in pipe and is positioned at the curve at center that friction hinders in only being subjected to.This circle shaped tube type spiral can be around tubular axis to around the arbitrfary point transmitting torque of pipe, thereby and spreads all over the tubular type spiral and distribute torsional stress.This circle shaped tube type spiral is by the reversing of the periphery of tube connector/ring-type element is stable, and as shown in figure 37, thereby spiral is regulated by the reversing of periphery/ring-type element around the rotation of its tubular axis.Spiral self can be the array of reversing of connecting/ring-type element.

In fact reverse/ring-type element can adopt Any shape, as shown in figure 45, and or can be by the suitably shaped array that reverses bait shape element, or be processed as basic reversing/ring-type element and constitute.

Can by reverse/ring-type element uses the combination of the element of construction that hookup constitutes and orientation classification to illustrate and is shown among Figure 46 to 49.Can be used to realize the hookup example diagrammatic sketch 50 to 52 of this combination and orientation, be used for two element and connect, shown in Fig. 1 to 4 and 5 to 8; And Figure 53 to 56 is used for the type of the connection shown in Figure 46 to 49.

The spline collar of spline anchor clamps hookup and corresponding reversing/ring-type element belongs to several other attempts and reversing/ring-type element and connect the row of the device of transmission torsional load between the hookup.The example of this other device is welding, gummed, and securing member is used in welding, as pin, screw and anchor clamps; And hookup supporting that has the reversing of noncircular cross section/ring-type element.

The also available various mechanical devices of hookup are designed for that integrated location prevents to keep reverses/motion of ring-type element.The example of this hookup is shown among Figure 50 to 52, a kind of split plot piece hookup, and wherein the parts 61 and 63 of each block of block are assemblied on the spline anchor clamps 62.Wherein to influence ways of connecting be by around the spline collar of connected reversing/ring-type element to hookup, the parts 61 and 63 of sealing block.And with as above be tied with compression band ratchet-type roller tightening device 66 be with 65 tensions to enter trough of belt 64 with compression in conjunction with block.

Hookup shown in Figure 53 to 56 is a kind of beginning hookup, wherein each end cap 83 and 87 and the main body of hookup 81 fixing with spline anchor clamps 82, show that also the type that connects is shown among Figure 46.The mode that the hookup influence connects is by the spline housing ring seal end cap 83 and 87 around connected torsion element, and be with 85 cap is attached to main body block with compression, wherein compression is with 85 usefulness lock pins 88 to lock onto on the main body, and enters trough of belt 84 with tightening device 86 tensions.

Be shown in reversing/the ring-type element image-tape spline collar 101,103 of Figure 57 and 58,102,104 can connect by hookup with spline anchor clamps.The spline collar can with reverse/ring-type element constitutes whole, or reverse by the spline housing loops is incorporated into/ring-type element or their parts on, or by the mechanical linkage in the spline collar, or by engaging or being fastened on the spline collar, by a kind of device, above the spline collar is attached to.。If the spline collar that member does not adhere to, other type of attachment is possible, as hookup with the band forming jig, or by the inside connection of forming the reversing of this member/ring-type element.

The split plot piece hookup utilization structure foamed material that has forming jig, it around reverse/be cured as permanent shape after the ring-type element compression, or clamp and reverse/elastic layer of ring-type element, be shown in Figure 50 to 52 in forming jig will to occupy the position of spline anchor clamps similar.Block parts of hookup or with lock firmly in place by any compression then as used on split plot piece hookup as shown in Figure 50 to 52, or are used for fastening block device such as screw or bolt together.

Using native system to form each structure can be undertaken by the structure that is called " element of construction ".A kind of citation form of element of construction is that the triangular array that connects reverses/ring-type element, is shown in Figure 59 and 60.A kind of linear array that connects into the triangular structure assembly forms bar, and beam or pier construction are shown in Figure 61 to 63.The connection array of this assembly can form plate or bridge deck structure.Another kind of basic structural components be a cube array that connects reverse/ring-type element is shown in Figure 64 and 65, and the linear array that connects is shown in Figure 66 and 67 and forms bars, beam, or pier construction, the connection array of these structures can form plate, and bridge floor and structural I-beam are shown in Figure 68.Can make various this element of construction.

Figure 69 is a kind of example of labyrinth more, as arch or beading, be when shown in element of construction form when connecting into array.The circular array that seals among Figure 70 also can be that another kind reverses/form of ring-type element.

Structure also can be formed by polygonal reversing/ring-type element.The preferable use of this form is to be used to have the main body of inner rotating shaft with the complicated annular torsion element of absorption torsional stress as picture, and shown in Fig. 71 to 73, its torsional stress is absorbed by the rotating shaft 112 of multiple inside in a kind of variation.These rotating shafts 112 are the some zones that are connected with other member, and they are not sealed the there by polygonal annular main body 11 1 of annular torsional element.Rotating shaft 112 rotation on by the bearing 114 of bearing support 113 location, bearing support 113 is fixedly mounted on the main body 111, if the rotation of axle is restricted in some way, the torque that is used for reversing rotating shaft 112 at the tie point place will cause stress in rotating shaft 112.Shown in polygonal annular torsional element in, apply the rotating shaft 112 of torque, use device to be connected in other rotating shaft 112 to the universal joint 115 of other rotating shaft 112 transmitting torques at two ends.If the rotation of any rotating shaft 112 is restricted, will in rotating shaft 112, cause torsional stress in the torque in the rotating shaft 112, and load will utilize the device of the universal joint 115 that connects them to pass in those contiguous rotating shafts 112.But the motion by a kind of moving block 116 countershafts 112 is limited, and the end that this moving block 116 is fixed rotating shafts 112 is on main body 111 or the device of other retardation motion, and the end of rotating shaft 112 can not freely rotate like this.This moving block 116 can be added to the two ends of the axle 112 that can apply torque, and it stretches out and is used to connect other member there.If there is not moving block, these rotating shafts will rotate freely.If these free rotating shafts and then by connecting around the universal joint of element side, torque will be passed to other bonding pad from the zone that applies.So the rotation that causes in element one side will be passed to the opposite side of element, not have significant constraint in element., if the motion of rotating shaft is restricted in a side of element,, will produces torsional load and transmit equably, and cause torsional stress therein along the rotating shaft that connects as by being connected to another kind of reverse component.

Reverse/ring-type element as for other, polygonal reversing/ring-type element will be linked to be array to form element of construction, shown in Figure 74 to 77.The hookup that uses may be the cleavage block type, is shown among Figure 50 to 52.Also have other reverse/ring-type element can adopt the diversified form and the combination of polygonal reversing/ring-type element.Polygonal reversing/the ring-type element scope can be from pentagon to acerous, the restriction that the number of side is only used, polygonal reversing/ring-type element can reverse with other/and ring-type element is combined to form complicated reversing/ring-type element, has architectural characteristic and be fit to the requirement that any structure is used.

Except reversing/ring-type element between, wherein reverse/ring-type element remains on outside the connection of another kind of component periphery tube outside, the front shows in Figure 34, reversing/connect between the ring-type element, the connection of wherein a kind of element in the space that alternative pipe centered on is that the formation with coaxitron is reversed/the useful structure alternative of the combination of ring-type element.This variation is shown in Figure 78 and 79, wherein reverse/ring-type element is coaxial, and in Figure 80 and 81, reverse/ring-type element be that axle is at an angle to each other.

Use some basic structure form that is difficult to realize that does not have remarkable fault of construction of traditional structure system, it is nature that use does not have the present invention of fault of construction.Be the spherical framework that is shown in Figure 84 among these, and be shown in the framework tower of Figure 86.Same be suitable for reverse/other example of ring-type element structure is shown in Figure 82, in 84,85,83,87 and 88.The form of structure of all demonstrations also is useful in combination each other, is used for reinforcing aesthetics, and the design of labyrinth.

Certain these form of structure be it is important a kind of structure, wherein its reverse/it is that load by applying on this reversing/ring-type element vertically downward produces that ring-type element level compression is each other supported.This structure can be described as " horizontal arch " and is formed by multiple reversing/ring-type element, and these elements are connected abreast on the arc of a kind of curve in the horizontal plane or are inner, and adjacent members leans to the center of curvature of together pointing to arc, shown in Figure 99.The position of this reversing/ring-type element bottom is fixed on their bases along horizontal arch, total shape of horizontal arch is described by it, described position by each reverse/layout of ring-type element determines, thereby the directly or indirectly contact in connection of its side, be higher than or in the periphery of the described arc of horizontal arch.Under near the load effect that applies each compressing member top vertically downward, then the reversing of horizontal arch/the ring-type element horizontal soil pressure together.

Image pattern 100 and 101 illustrated, horizontal arch can be used as the parts of the structure of vertical stack successively, and wherein each layer makes another following layer suffer vertically downward load, as high building and multistory building.The normal load of " horizontal arch " layer and increases the horizontal cohesiveness of structure with every layer reverse/ring-type element horizontal soil pressure together, thereby strengthens its vertical bearing intensity.

About spherical framework, its example is shown among Figure 84, with duplicating of section, may accomplish in the another kind of useful form of structure, shown in Figure 85.With suitable size it is connected to then reverse/form sphere shown in Figure 84 on the ring-type element.The duplicating of spherical segment is shown in Figure 85 and is added in 141 for the first time, and then once is added in than for the first time littler size 142.This application that is shown in the spherical segment of Figure 85 can reverse forming spherical all/and ring-type element duplicates and produces, to reversing/ring-type element that all formation is duplicated in succession, repeatedly carry out then, up to the limit that reaches a kind of practicality, overstep the extreme limit, process is a non-structure usefulness.This spherical framework that duplicates can be used as a kind of pressure vessel of anti-implosion, and wherein the internal pressure of container can remain on the lower level of container external pressure.

With the element that can move of design, not only pass through deflection, and pass through effective management of structural stress as the load result, reverse/ring-type element also can be used for producing dynamic structure.Reverse/ring-type element also can be in shape dynamically changes, so that finish the shape of the structure of forming them, the change of size and volume.

Usually, structure such as building, bridge, even automobile, seaplane, airframe, and space frame, the mode of moving according to their is considered static structure.In other words, to being contemplated to be of this structural performance, they are by responding with the load that the device that is connected with the material that comprises structure bears them in the abundant management of the material upper stress that uses.Have certain structure of building up with moving-member, as by the ceiling of slide-open or certain by driving, manual or other, as certain other hole that in the shell of Kai Wentai, produces.The present invention considers that it use to produce dynamic structure, and the stress of material and they is connected by reversing/the automatic driving of the hookup of ring-type element and managed by the conversion of the size and dimension of the structure of hookup driving in the structure.

A kind of example of driving hookup that can finish the basic transformation of shape is shown in Figure 89 to 91, wherein pass through rotational power, motor 135 drives a bearing 133 of being supported by spline anchor clamps 132 and rotates, and this rotational power is by using transmission device 134, passes to driver 136 by motor 135.When motor 135 energisings, spline anchor clamps 132 are by transmission, with the rotation of a kind of controlled way and thereby rotation remain on torsion element in the anchor clamps relevant with the body 131 of hookup, and any other that keeps in other spline anchor clamps 132 reverses/ring-type element.With this driving hookup, wherein the change of shape of one 20 element arrays can affected mode be shown in Figure 92 and 93.Hookup above-mentioned as those and that be shown in Figure 89-91 (but not being shown in Figure 92 and 93) will be connected in the zone of the most close these elements and reverse/ring-type element, and the revolution of element will be changed with enough precision, thereby reach the accurate shape and size of the resulting structure of requirement.The variation that can guide this shape or size in a kind of organized mode to all of structure reverse/ring-type element takes place, and comprises the minor structure of duplicating, it will produce the variation of integrally-built shape or size.A kind of example of this operation is shown in a series of schematic diagrames of Figure 94 to 98, comprise that by change the ellipse that long ball surface framework to the composition of round reversing/ring-type element connects reverses/shape of ring-type element, the framework phasing (Figure 95 to 97) on there prolate spheroid (Figure 94) surface is converted into the framework on ball (Figure 98) surface.This conversion causes dwindling by the volume of framework constraint, other conversion is contingent, form the shape of reversing of connecting/ring-type element as the framework that comprises the ball surface by change to more oval reversing/ring-type element,, the surperficial frame transform of there ball is the framework on oblate spheroid surface.This conversion will increase the volume by the framework constraint.Similarly but the conversion that an equity is held also is contingent, the reverse of the conversion that erect image is described is such.

The aspect that this spheroid of the present invention shows like this is the general characteristic of structural system.This point can further show with schematic diagram, be converted in the paraboloidal surface with the planar array of reversing of connecting/annular unit and reverse/array that ring-type element connects, can be by the framework that comprises the plane, finish to reversing of being connected of computable with the controlled composition of more oval-shaped reversing/ring-type element/ring-type element change of shape, form paraboloidal framework changeably, this shape conversion can be used for changing the shape or the size of the array of any element, be not only those surperficial framework is provided, and be the framework of solid.

The present invention also can implement in wheel and tire construction: as a kind of reversing/annular wheel body, toroidal with the center hub be not with, and be by directly contacting with bottom surface or relying on other to take turns or roller is operated in the above or driven the parts that rotate, shown in Figure 102; And as a kind of tire construction, it comprises that the circular array that multiple annular reverses supporting element is connected to form toroidal, shown in Figure 103 and 104.

The structure of annular wheel body is the framework of annular torsional element, as Figure 19, shown in 87 and 88, is self-supporting, and can constitute flexible to adapt to the scrambling on surface.In the advanced form of this embodiment of the present invention, the annular wheel body needs not to be round, and its shape can be controlled continuously by inner drive, and those shown in Figure 89 to 91 are to be fit to surface and driving mechanism.The cirque wheel body frame can directly be used as annular wheel body, or is enclosed within the shell, shown in Figure 102.Without shell, framework annular wheel body can be at soil, sand, and snow, or operate on the bottom surface of its discrete material composition.

Tire construction can be used as the liner in the tire, shown in Figure 105, directly is combined in the structure of tire body or tyre carcass(-se), shown in Figure 103, or is connected to a kind of center band, shown in Figure 103, or receives a kind of and forms the wheel hub structure of wheel construction completely.The purpose of this embodiment of the present invention is, provides the on-inflatable support to wheel, as the part of the tire or the wheel itself of on-inflatable, its available other gas, fluid, or mechanical device assists, and comprises those devices in the loop configuration pipe of the present invention.Though the invention provides a kind of tire braced structures of on-inflatable, what it also can be with inflation, fluid filled, or other buffer element uses together.The open inside of the ring pipe of tire braced structures also allows to comprise the loop configuration of other type in ring pipe, as shown in figure 34, and other application of permission wheel and other tire construction.

From other ring-type element, as be shown in Figure 19,24 and 25 annulus is constructed the method for any known ring-type element framework, originates in the parts curvature of determining the annular that requires, thereupon with the planning of annular framework.For example, the toroidal in a kind of plane will only have a kind of radius of curvature, the radius of annular.More complicated annular, the elliptical ring shown in Figure 35 and 36 will have more than a kind of radius of curvature, and its number depends on parts number and the approximate tight ness rating of using in the structure of elliptical curvature to requiring.To the crooked annulus of this complexity, the number and the radius of curvature of element interknit.Figure 106 is the structure of annular framework that the planning of ills is used for comprising with expression the less ring-type element 151 of size number.Structure to the known annular framework of the pipe that has the approximate circle cross section, wherein, the torus radius is RT, the ring pipe radius is Tr, parts number is n, the angle of the arc that a kind of element occupies is Phi=360/n, and the radius of ring-type element is r, and the relation of the angle of mark and length is as follows among Figure 106: RO=RT+Tr; RI=RT-Tr; Ro=RO-r; Ri=RI+r; Sin (Theta)=r/Ri; Sin (Psi)=r/Ro; Li=r/Tan (Theta); Lo=r/Tan (Psi); X=Ro*Sin (Phi-Psi), (* refers to the multiplication between adjacent amount); Ld=Ro*Cos (Phi-Psi)-Li; Tan (Alpha)=(x-r)/Ld; Ej (dia)=(x-r)/Sin (Alpha), for known RT, Tr, n and r, these relational expressions can be used to obtain Li, Ej (dia) and Alpha.And be enough to be used in the planning of annular framework together.This group relational expression can be obtained digital solution by the mathematical method of standard, and will be called the algorithm that the ring-type element framework is planned from now on.The structure of annular framework comprises multiple radius of curvature, in addition in more than a kind of plane, by the relation of every kind of similar round framework of each part of finding the solution annular framework,, can make same planning.By preparing a kind of model/pressing mold that is used for setting element, this model/pressing mold has constituted the annular framework that furnishes an explanation with ring-type element framework planning algorithm then.The ring-type element that the location is formed in model/pressing mold, and connect so composition ring-type element of location, can carry out the structure of ring-type element framework structure.For example,, drawn up the planning shown in Figure 106 on this plane by in plane surface, inserting a series of pins 152, the position that element 151 has been drawn in the position of pin, the simple model/pressing mold of annular framework is prepared on available a kind of plane.Element can be placed between the pin in the position of such delineate and couple together then.The position of element also can be by triangle or rectangular block, or the retainer of other type or anchor clamps or other planning according to the annular frame structures of structure keeps between element or other positioner delineate of predetermined angle.This other device also is included in the pit that forms in the planning surface that can cooperate element.Positioner also can be regulated the planning with the annular frame construction of the various sizes that are fit to have variable element.Available then artificial or adorning static or move with having, the automation equipment of the model/pressing mold of rotation or other ring-type element connects.

Model/pressing mold also can use the above-mentioned same principle of structure for this reason to be used for non-flat surface, and difference is when at correct angle place pin being set to the section of non-flat surface, during with the ring-type element that correctly is located by connecting, must count the curvature of added size.

Process with ring-type element structure dome is shown as the circle item that has the ring-type element interlayer among Figure 99 to 101.The method of constructing this dome rises from the shape of determining the dome basis.This basis may be circular or be made of the more complicated curve that the piecewise approximation of the parts with different curvature is represented.Figure 107 and 108 is the schematic diagrames with the structure of the dome framework of the ring-type element 163 that shows the amount of size that comprises.Vertical plane 161 and 162 just is used to show the size of dome framework and constitutes relation between its ring-type element 163 in the drawings.For constructing known spherical dome framework, the basic annular parts number in there is n, the radius of ball is S, the horizontal cell angle is f=360/n, the deviation on basis is t, and the perpendicular elements angle is e, and the element engagement angle is p, the angle and the relation between length that mark in Figure 107 and 108 are as follows: element radius, R=S*Sin (e/2); Last base radius; Ur=Cos (t+e); Last height of foundation Uh=S*Sin (t+e); Following base radius, Lr=S*Cos (t); Following height of foundation Lh=S*Sin (t); And the relational expression between among e and the p is given by following homogeneous equation:

Can obtain the digital solution of this set of equations with the standard mathematical method, and will be called the planning algorithm of annular domed framework from now on.Can revise the algorithm of annular domed framework, to help the planning of the annular domed framework of the interlayer of the sphere structure that is used in fact having any base shape or the elevation angle and lamination.

Then by on the device of the described ring-type element of planning the algorithm appointment with the annular domed framework, navigate to composition ring-type element there, the ring-type element of algorithm given size is planned in connection with annular domed, can carry out the construction of dome frame construction, by the model/pressing mold of the manual that provides by annular domed framework planning algorithm is provided, and connecting the composition ring-type element of location like this, work can be simplified.Then, these connections can add with artificial or automation equipment.These domes also can relatively connect to form completely or the spheroid structure of part with their basis places.Under the situation of high building structure, be shown in Figure 87 and 88 as those, building method will carry out equally.

And the present invention is open aspect preferred embodiment, be appreciated that not attempt limit the invention to the embodiment of specific demonstration, but intention covers various alternatives and the equivalent constructions that is included in the spirit and scope of appended claims.

Accompanying drawing summary Fig. 1 is by the plan view of two kinds of hookups at two kinds of rectangle torsion elements of opening of same orientation connection.Fig. 2 is the exploded view that is shown in the rectangle torsion element of the opening connection of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the torsion element of Fig. 1.Fig. 4 is the exploded view that the rectangle torsion element of opening shown in Figure 3 connects.Fig. 5 is the plan view that two kinds of rectangle torsion elements of opening are connected in opposed orientation by torsion element in the middle of a kind of by four kinds of hookups.Fig. 6 is the exploded view that is shown in the rectangle torsion element of the opening connection of Fig. 5.Fig. 7 is the phantom drawing of torsion element among Fig. 5.Fig. 8 is the exploded view that is shown in the rectangular loop element of the opening connection of Fig. 7.Fig. 9 is the plan view that the torsion element of two kinds of ' M ' shapes is connected in opposed orientation by torsion element in the middle of a kind of by four kinds of hookups.Figure 10 is the phantom drawing of torsion element among Fig. 9.Figure 11 is rectangle torsion element that two kinds of ' U ' shapes are opened is connected into certain angle in opposed orientation by two kinds of hookups a phantom drawing.Figure 12 phantom drawing Figure 13 that to be the rectangle torsion element opened of two kinds of ' U ' shapes connect into certain angle by four kinds of hookups in opposed orientation by torsion element in the middle of a kind of be 6 kinds of connections of the rectangle torsion element opened to being linked to be the phantom drawing of linear array, each is to being linked to be certain angle each other by two kinds of hookups.Figure 14 be 32 to ' U ' shape torsion element by four kinds of hookups when opposed orientation is linked to be certain angle, connect into the phantom drawing that circular array forms annulus by a kind of intermediate annular element.Figure 15 is two kinds of annular torsional elements are linked to be certain angle by a kind of hookup a phantom drawing.Figure 16 is the lateral view of annular torsional element among Figure 15.Figure 17 is the plan view that is shown in the annular torsional element of Figure 15.Figure 18 is the upward view that is shown in the annular torsional element of Figure 15.Figure 19 is that 32 pairs of annular torsional elements that are shown in Figure 15-18 are linked to be the phantom drawing that circular array forms annulus.Figure 20 is that two kinds of annular torsional elements do not have the outer type device to be linked to be the phantom drawing of certain angle.Figure 21 is the lateral view of annular torsional element among Figure 20.Figure 22 is an annular torsional element plan view among Figure 20.Figure 23 is the upward view of annular torsional element among Figure 20.Figure 24 is that 64 pairs of annular torsional elements that have the angle to connect are linked to be the plan view that circular array forms annulus.Figure 25 is the phantom drawing of the annulus shown in Figure 24.Figure 26 is the lateral view of two kinds of annulus, and annulus is a kind of of the inner connection of hookup as shown in Figure 24, is to be connected by a kind of multiple ring-type element that has alternative immediate ring-type element.Figure 27 be among Figure 26 between annulus the exploded view of inner join domain.Figure 28 is the another kind of lateral view that is shown in two kinds of annulus of Figure 26.Figure 29 be among Figure 20 to 23 between annulus the exploded view of inner join domain.Figure 30 be among Figure 28 two kinds of annulus at the view of the direction of arrow.Figure 31 be among Figure 30 between annulus the exploded view of inner join domain.Figure 32 be among Figure 30 two kinds of annulus at the phantom drawing of the direction of arrow.Figure 33 is the exploded view that is shown in inner join domain between the annulus of Figure 32.Figure 34 is the phantom drawing of the annulus that formed by two kinds of tubular type donuts, all is that 32 pairs of annular torsional elements shown in Figure 20 to 23 are linked to be the annulus that circular array forms inside and outside a kind of donut, but has the right different angles orientation of ring-type element.Figure 35 is that 20 pairs of annular torsional elements shown in Figure 20 to 23 are linked to be the plan view that oval-shaped array forms a kind of annulus.Figure 36 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the annulus that is formed by oval-shaped array of Figure 35.Figure 37 is the phantom drawing that has the ring-type element of round screw thread pipe, its pipe is that they are combinations by the coaxial annular element adjacency of less tubular type diameter, constraint or be connected to the center annular element in other mode.Figure 38 is by seven kinds of mutual plan views of the ring-type element formed of the ring-type elements of link, and its pipe can be combination, and is constraint or otherwise connected to one another.Figure 39 is the sectional view of ring-type element among Figure 38.Figure 40 is the phantom drawing of ring-type element among Figure 38.Figure 41 is the lateral view of ring-type element among Figure 38.Figure 42 is the right phantom drawing of multiple ring-type element that is shown in Figure 20 to 23, and they are linked to be linear array to form straight cylindrical bar, pillar or pipe.Figure 43 is linked to be linear array to form the right cylindrical bar, the right phantom drawing of multiple ring-type element of pillar or pipe, and they have with those comprise structure shown in Figure 42 and different the dihedral orientation are arranged.Figure 44 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the linear array of Figure 42, and it is connected to and seals coaxially the linear array that shows among Figure 43.Figure 45 is the phantom drawing that has the ring-type element of two kinds of opposite semiellipse sides and two kinds of opposite straight flanges.Figure 46 to 49 is illustrated in various connections between the ring-type element (the expression plan view of even number and odd number is represented phantom drawing).Figure 50,51 and 52 is the phantom drawings that have the hookup of spline anchor clamps, two kinds of elements shown in its expression connect, and are respectively hookup, the compression bands of opening, and institute adds the hookup of the closure that compression is with.Figure 53,54,55 and 56 is the phantom drawings that have the hookup of spline anchor clamps, it be used for connecting axle to oblique ring-type element, hookup is opened in expression respectively, the compression band, be with closed hookup with added compression,, and between clamp shaft with the hookup (also using added compression band) at any angle.Figure 57 to 58 is the ring-type element phantom drawings that have two kinds of spline collars at the element relative side, these two kinds of spline collars be attached to comprise they ring-type element on.Figure 59 is the lateral view of element of construction, and this assembly comprises that three kinds of ring-type elements connect to form triangle.Figure 60 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the element of construction of Figure 59.Figure 61 is the lateral view of linear array that is shown in 8 element of construction of Figure 59, and it forms pillar, the bar structure of beam or triangular-section.Figure 62 is the vertical view that is shown in the linear array of Figure 61.Figure 63 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the linear array of Figure 61.Figure 64 is the lateral view of element of construction, and it comprises that the ring-type element of six kinds of connections is to form rectangular box.Figure 65 is the phantom drawing of element of construction among Figure 64.Figure 66 is the lateral view of linear array that is shown in 8 element of construction of Figure 64, and it forms pillar, beam, or the structure of the bar of square-section.Figure 67 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the structure of Figure 66.Figure 68 is shown in Figure 64, two width phantom drawings of 3 layers of vertical linear arrays of 8 element of construction of formation i iron or girder construction.Figure 69 is the phantom drawing that is linked to be the semicircle arrays of 45 rectangular configuration assembly three width of the annular torsional element that semicircle matrix-like overarches.Figure 70 is the phantom drawing of 90 rectangular configuration assemblies that is linked to be the annular torsional element of circular array.Figure 71 is the plan view of cutting open of hexagon ring-type element, has the inside rotating shaft of 2 groups of 3 rotation combinations, and one group in per half relative hexagon.Figure 72 is office's broken-open perspective view of ring-type element among Figure 71.Figure 73 is office's cutaway side sectional view of ring-type element among Figure 71.Figure 74 is shown in two kinds of lateral views that the hexagon ring-type element has the angle to connect by a kind of hookup among Figure 71.Figure 75 is the plan view of two kinds of ring-type elements among Figure 74.Figure 76 is the upward view of two kinds of ring-type elements among Figure 74.Figure 77 is the phantom drawing of ring-type element among Figure 74.Figure 78 is a ring-type element phantom drawing as shown in figure 24, and it is connected to the similar annular concentric element of its inside, and the radius of ring-type element comprises equal inside-and-outside ring element.Figure 79 is the phantom drawing that is shown in the ring-type element of 32 pairs of annular torsional elements formation among Figure 21, they are linked to be circular array and are connected on the same intracardiac ring-type element that is formed by the annular torsional element that has the angle to connect shown in Figure 22 by 32 pairs of orientations, are linked to be circular array.Two classes that Figure 80 and 81 is expressed as two kinds of ring-type elements of different angles are connected (even number is represented plan view, and odd number is represented phantom drawing) with one heart.Figure 82 is the vertical schematic diagram of dome structure that the interlayer in succession of annulus of the upwards diameter reduction of equal number forms, each annulus is being connected on 6 o'clock on those annulus that bound by similar dome structure adjacency than minor diameter, to form compound dome structure.Figure 83 is the vertical schematic diagram of the spherical structure that forms of two kinds of dome structures that the layer in succession of ring-type element of the diameter that upwards dwindles of equal number forms, each ring-type element is connected on 4 o'clock that those are adjacent, is linked to be on the ring-type element of opposite polarity orientation.The sphere that Figure 84 is made up of the ring-type element of 20 kinds of connections/dodecahedron structure lateral view, its space is by the ring-type element shove joint than minor diameter, be connected to ring-type element the highest in the structure in proportion with one group of element shown in Figure 85, be connected to first group of ring-type element the highest similarly in proportion with a kind of similar group similar connection.Figure 85 is the ring-type element of one group of 6 connection, comprises the top part of sphere/dodecahedron structure among Figure 84.Figure 86 is the phantom drawing that is formed the high building structure by the orthogonal array of the prismatic shape element of construction of the connection of the minification that makes progress.Figure 87 is the vertical schematic diagram of the conical high building structure that forms of the interlayer in succession by the annulus of the upwards diameter reduction of equal number, and every kind of annulus connected those adjacent annulus on 4 o'clock.Figure 88 is the vertical schematic diagram of the conical high building structure that forms of the interlayer in succession by the annulus of the upwards diameter reduction of equal number, and every kind of annulus connected those adjacent annulus on 6 o'clock.Figure 89,90 and 91 is the phantom drawings with driving two element hookup of spline anchor clamps, the back is for two kinds to be illustrated in to connect the motor that is used for each spline anchor clamps in the body, transmission device, the broken away view of driver.The plan view of Figure 92 and a series of ring-type element change shape of 93 expressions, the shape from the shape of the circular array of 40 ring-type elements forming annulus to a kind of oval array that forms elliptical ring.Figure 94 to 98 expression is by the intermediate structure of smaller size smaller, and the shape conversion of a series of long ball structures is to a kind of signal elevational view of developing stage of oblate spheroid structure.Figure 99 is the phantom drawing of the circular horizontal arch of 20 ring-type elements.Figure 100 is that phantom drawing Figure 101 of the structure that forms of the two kinds of interlayers by the horizontal arch of circle shown in Figure 99 is the phantom drawing of the structure that forms of the three kinds of interlayers by the horizontal arch of circle shown in Figure 99.Figure 102 is the broken-open perspective view that is enclosed within the framework of the annular wheel body in the shell.Figure 103 is that wheel and tire construction (five kinds of minimum elements represent that in detail all the other elements diagrammatize) are embedded in the broken-open perspective view in a kind of matrix.Figure 104 is the phantom drawing that wheel and tire construction (five kinds of elements of minimum kind represent that in detail all the other elements diagrammatize) are supported by a kind of public band.Figure 105 has the wheel installed and the tire phantom drawing of tire construction in Figure 104.Figure 106 is that a kind of mathematics figure shows the relation between a kind of point of planning view and the length, is used for representing with less ring-type element the structure of the ring-type element framework of the amount of size that comprises.Figure 107 is the phantom drawing of signal mathematics figure of the dome of expression amount of size, to show the relation between a kind of point of planning view and the length, is used for the structure of annular domed framework.Figure 108 is the vertical schematic diagram of signal mathematics figure of the dome of expression amount of size, to show the relation of a kind of point of planning view and length, is used for the structure of annular domed framework.

Carry out best mode of the present invention

Best mode is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and utilizes the ring-type element of the torsion element structure that adopts annular. Use the preferred embodiment of annular torsional element to utilize system with the compression of majority structure, pulling force and bending load turn to On the torsional load of the torsion element that comprises to structure. Use the annular torsional element to make being constructed to of annulus of self-supporting May.

Industrial applicability

Purposes of the present invention comprises the structure that each can be imagined: bridge, high building, furniture, aircraft, ground and Waterborne vehicles, apparatus, instrument, building, dome, dirigible, space structure and vehicle, planet and the residence space The settlement. By this system quantitative range that consider and that structurally and economically become possible this structure from Smallly be stretched over huge structure. Use possible structure of the present invention to be not limited to any specific design, and very To being freely formed.

Some version can be used under the unstable foundation condition and builds building, and can stand ground motion and mistake Effect. Main purpose of the present invention is: 1, provides a kind of omnipotent structural system, be used for comprising the reversing of connection/ring-type element and have an attach structure complete The property, intensity, all types of motionless and the mobile structure of efficient and flexibility. 2, provide a kind of structural system wherein to compress, the structural load of the form of stretching and bending is converted into and consists of turning round of it Turn to the torsional load of element, therefore this torsion element bears the largest portion of structural load. 3, provide a kind of structural system wherein reverse/structure that ring-type element consists of is uniform load, thereby consists of this The material of torsion element is uniform stressed, thereby obtains high strength-weight ratio. 4, provide a kind of structural system, wherein load suitably be distributed in all and reverse/ring-type element on. 5, provide a kind of structural system, it is complete, noticeable in appearance, is convenient to the annular torsional of self-supporting The aesthetic design of element, warp architecture wherein, architectural be nature. 6, provide a kind of structural system, have dynamic shape conversion and load by structure connection adjustable and/or that drive The performance of dynamic reallocation, keep simultaneously structural strength and integrality. 7, provide a kind of structural system, it is economical, is suitable for Automated Design, automatically processing and structural, and In the limit assembling of its smallest elements and maximum component form, be suitable for. 8, provide a kind of structural system, wherein all architectural features of all elements can accurately be scheduled to, and design is given Go out. 9, provide a kind of structural system, wherein traditional structural detail such as crossbeam, I-beam, the deck, truss etc. can by Reverse/the ring-type element formation, and be combined in the traditional structure as conventional components. 10, provide a kind of structural system, what wherein various reversing/ring-type element can be with all sizes, material and load spy Levy standardization and deposit database in, in order to provide the automatic selection of parts to be used for its structural design. 11, provide a kind of structural system and traditional structural system compatibility.

Claims

1. a structural system comprises: (a) multiple reversing/ring-type element, and (b) connect and to reverse/device of ring-type element.

2. structural system according to claim 1, wherein reverse/ring-type element is firmly held in the appropriate location each other in connection.

3. a structural system comprises multiple reversing/ring-type element and connects to form structure.

4. structural system according to claim 3, wherein reverse/ring-type element is firmly held in the appropriate location each other in one or more plant to connect.

5. a structural system comprises reversing/ring-type element of multiple connection, so that in one or more connect, reverse/ring-type element is firmly held in the appropriate location.

6. a structural system comprises: (a) multiple torsion element, and the device that (b) connects torsion element.

7. according to the structural system of claim 1, wherein torsion element is firmly held in the appropriate location each other in connection.

8. a structural system comprises multiple torsion element, is connected to form a kind of structure.

9. structural system according to claim 8, in one or more connected, wherein torsion element was firmly held in the appropriate location each other.

10. a structural system comprises: the torsion element of multiple connection, so that torsion element is firmly held in the appropriate location in the connection of one or more.

11. a structural system comprises: (a) multiple ring-type element, and the device that (b) connects ring-type element.

12. structural system according to claim 1, wherein ring-type element is firmly held in the appropriate location each other in connection.

13. a structural system comprises multiple ring-type element, is connected to form a kind of structure.

14. structural system according to claim 13, wherein in the connection of one or more, ring-type element is firmly held on the appropriate location toward each other.

15. a structural system comprises the ring-type element of multiple connection, plants at one or more to connect, they are firmly held in suitable position toward each other.

16. non-dome comprise: (a) multiple ring-type element, and the device that (b) connects ring-type element with structural system non-spherical structure.

17. structural system according to claim 16, wherein ring-type element is firmly held in suitable position toward each other in connection.

18. a non-dome and structural system non-spherical structure comprise multiple ring-type element and are connected to form a kind of structure.

19. structural system according to claim 18 is planted in the connection at one or more, wherein ring-type element is firmly held in suitable relative position toward each other.

20. a non-dome and structural system non-spherical structure comprise the ring-type element of multiple connection, helps planting at one or more connecting, they are firmly held on the suitable position.

21. a sphere and dome-shaped ring-type element structural system comprise: (a) multiple ring-type element; (b) described arrangements of elements is on a kind of surface of imaginary dome; (c) most described elements are connected on four kinds of other described elements; And (d) described element arrangement is expert in the layer of shape, and first kind of such layer is the framework in architecture basics place structure, and each layer in succession is attached to the framework that the direction of the utmost point of structure forms cheese or spherical structure.

22. the structural system of the ring-type element of cheese and spherical structure comprises: (a) multiple ring-type element; (b) described arrangements of elements is on a kind of surface of imaginary dome; And (c) described element is connected on other described element in a kind of mode of going the shape layer, and first kind of such layer is the framework in the place, basis of structure structure, and each layer in succession is attached to the framework that the direction of the utmost point of structure forms dome or spherical structure.

23. a structural system that is used for the ring-type element of cheese and spherical structure comprises: (a) multiple ring-type element; And the device that (b) connects ring-type element; (c) described element comprises the layer in succession of multiple element, and (d) from the basis of structure to the top, described layer is an arranged in succession, each described layer is arranged on the closed curve, so that each described layer forms the horizontal arch that spreads all over its scope, it is from cambered outwards by the area of every layer closed curve sealing, described lowermost layer is at the place, basis of structure, and every kind of layer in succession is arranged on the closed curve, it comprises the tie point of every kind of element bottom of this layer, forms the framework of dome or spherical structure with the element of front successive layer.

24. a structural system that is used for the ring-type element of cheese and spherical structure comprises:

(a) multiple ring-type element; And

(b) device of connection ring-type element;

(c) described element comprises multiple element successive layer, is arranged in succession from the basis of structure to extremely described layer, each described layer is to arrange like this, so that first kind of most ring-type element is connected in the arc of architecture basics plane curve abreast, while and adjacent ring-type element are close together and point to the center of curvature of arc; The position of wherein said ring-type element is located along the basis that arc of horizon is fixed on them, causes the capable shape layer of ring-type element to be arranged on the surface of the imaginary hemisphere that overlaps with structure; Described position determined by the layout of each described ring-type element, thereby they laterally are connected above the described arc periphery of curve and inner to form cheese or spherical structure framework.

25. according to the structural system of any claim of claim 21 to 24, wherein the size of ring-type element changes.

26. according to the structural system of any claim of claim 21 to 24, wherein the element in the size of every kind of ring-type element of each described layer and every layer is basic identical.

27. according to the structural system of any claim of claim 21 to 24, comprising the size of the ring-type element of each described layer size less than the ring-type element of next successive layer.

28., wherein be higher than basal layer and be lower than the most ring-type elements of the most close top layer and be connected four kinds of other ring-type elements, formation cheese, the framework of hemispherical or spherical structure according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 21 to 24.

29., wherein mostly be higher than the basis and be lower than that the ring-type element of the layer of the close utmost point is connected six kinds of other ring-type elements, formation cheese, the framework of hemispherical or spherical structure according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 21 to 24.

30. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, the wherein connection that does not produce from link or the element that intersects.

31. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, wherein one or more plant that to connect be adjustable, thereby one or more positions of planting described element can change in a kind of the connection.

32. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, promptly this element is the not remarkable motion in the connection in connection.

33. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, this element that promptly is positioned at connection will not move in connection significantly.

34. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, and promptly connects this element that is positioned in the connection and will not move significantly in connection by regulating.

35. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, any motion of this element in connection will be connected by this to be regulated.

36. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, promptly this element can move in connection, and this motion will be connected by this and regulate.

37. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, this element can move in a kind of connections and this motion will connect adjusting by this, and consequently after this described element can not have significant motion in addition in connection.

38. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, after this element motion, this motion will be connected by this to be regulated, so that after this described element will can not have significant motion in addition in promptly connecting.

39. according to the structural system of arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, promptly this element in this connects by connect move after, this motion will be regulated by connecting, so that after the described element, significant motion can not arranged in addition, unless connect mobile by this.

40. structural system according to arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, it is so wherein connecting, be that this element can be moved by a kind of connection, remain on the position that produces by this motion by this connection then, so that described element will not have significant motion in connection, move unless connected by this again.

41. structural system according to arbitrary claim of claim 1 to 24, wherein drive one or more and plant connection, so that one or more this elements can be moved by a kind of connection, remain on the position that this motion produces by this connection then, thereby, described element will not have significant motion in connection, unless move by connecting again.

42. construct the method for any known ring-type element framework comprises with other ring-type element: the parts curvature of determining the annular of requirement; With ring-type element framework planning algorithm planning annular frame; Locate the ring-type element of forming by described planning algorithm regulation; And the composition ring-type element of the such location of connection.

43. the method with ring-type element structure dome comprises: the shape of determining domed shape and dome basis; With annular domed framework planning algorithm planning annular domed framework; Locate the ring-type element of forming in accordance with regulations by described planning algorithm; The ring-type element that connects location like this and position with the described ring-type element of described planning algorithm appointment on.

44. according to the method for claim 41 or 42, wherein follow first two steps and added for the 3rd step, this method comprises to be utilized described planning algorithm to prepare a kind of model/pressing mold with the manual that provides to be used to locate ring-type element.

45. according to the method for claim 41 or 42, wherein follow first two steps and added for the 3rd step, this method comprises the ring-type element that preparation utilizes described planning algorithm given size.

46. ring-type element framework planning algorithm comprises: the figure that Figure 106 represents is presented at the geometrical relationship between angle and the length; And for known RT, Tr, n and r are with the following relationship formula order of magnitude Li of standard mathematics program solution, Ej (dia), and Alpha; Wherein the torus radius is RT, and the ring pipe radius is Tr, and component number is n, and the angle that is occupied circular arc by a kind of element is Phi=360/n, and the radius of ring-type element is r:RO=RT+Tr; RI=RT-Tr; Ro=RO-r; Ri=RI+r; Sin (Theta)=r/Ri; Sin (Psi)=r/Ro; Li=r/Tan (Theta); Lo=r/Tan (Psi); X=Ro*Sin (Phi-Psi), (* refers to the multiplication between adjacent amount); Ld=Ro*Cos (Phi-Psi)-Li, Tan (Alpha)=(x-r)/Ld; Ej (dia)=(x-r)/Sin (Alpha).

47. an annular domed framework planning algorithm comprises: the figure that is shown in Figure 107 and 108 represents, the geometrical relationship between angle and length; And, ask quantity e and p, and all dependent variables by standard mathematics program solution relational expression; Wherein the number of basic ring-type element is n, and the radius of ball is S, and the horizontal cell angle is f=360/n, the drift angle on basis is t, and the perpendicular elements angle is e, and the combination of elements angle is p, angle and the relational expression between the length at Figure 107 and 108 marks are as follows: ask the element radius, R=S*Sin (e/2); Ask base radius, Ur=Cos (t+e); Ask height of foundation, Uh=S*Sin (t+e); Ask down base radius, Lr=S*Cos (t); Ask height of foundation, Lh=S*Sin (t); And the relational expression between e and p is provided by following homogeneous equation: e=2ArcSin[Tan (0.5f) Tan (45-0.5p)]

48. provide utilize reverse/method of ring-type element structure comprises: process multiple reversing/ring-type element; And connect reverse/ring-type element is so that form structure.

Utilize the method for torsion element structure to comprise 49. provide: to process multiple torsion element; And connect torsion element so that form structure.

Utilize the method for ring-type element structure to comprise 50. provide: to process multiple ring-type element; And connect ring-type element so that form structure.

51. horizontal arch comprises multiple reversing/ring-type element, they are connected in the arc of curve in the horizontal plane abreast, tilt to be close together with described adjacent reversing/ring-type element, point to the center of curvature of arc; The fixed-site that it is characterized in that described reversing/ring-type element is at their place, basis along arc of horizon, and therefore total shape of horizontal arch is described thus; Described position is by the decision of the layout of each described reversing/ring-type element, thus its side to be connected described horizontal arch camber line periphery above and inner.

52. an annular wheel body comprises the annular architectural configurations of the torsion element of connection.

53., it is characterized in that the shape of annular wheel body is controlled continuously by the driving that torsion element connects according to the described annular wheel body of claim 51.

54. on-inflatable wheel and tire construction comprise: (a) multiple support annular torsion element is connected and forms annular in the circular array, and wherein the axis normal of each annular torsional element is in the axis of the described circular array of the described annular of formation.(b) it is characterized in that the annular torsion element of described support the wheel and the described annular of tire construction radially in be flexible, so that by radially inwardly point to wheel and and the described annular torsional support component at tire construction center, the load-bearing of wheel and tire construction the annular torsion element of support.

55., it is characterized in that the annular brace element is connected by the matrix that is imbedded in the elasticity measurement material according to described on-inflatable wheel of claim 53 and tire construction.

56. according to described on-inflatable wheel of claim 53 and tire construction, it is characterized in that the annular brace element is connected on a kind of being with by attachment mechanism, and this band is the position that is positioned in the inside place, the most closely footpath of every kind of annular brace position of components in wheel and the tire construction.

57. the on-inflatable of claim 53 wheel and tire construction is characterized in that the annular brace element is to be used to receive a kind of axle by being interconnected to the center hub structure.

58. on-inflatable wheel and tire construction comprise: (a) multiple self supporting type annular torsional element; And (b) the be connected to each other device of described annular torsional support component.(c) it is characterized in that described annular torsional support component is connected formation annular in the circular array, wherein the axis of every kind of annular brace element is heavy directly in the axis of the described circular array that forms annular annular torsional element; And (d) it is characterized in that the annular brace element radially is flexible in the wheel and the described annular of tire construction; So that, carry described annular and turn round the shape element by radially inwardly compressing the load that described annular torsional element sensing wheel and tire construction center make wheel and tire construction.

59. a location that is used to construct the ring-type element framework reverses/and the model/pressing mold of ring-type element comprises: (a) a kind of surface plate; And (b) on surface plate, be used to locate and reverse/device of ring-type element; Cause to reverse/ring-type element remains on the position of drawing up like this so that the ring-type element that is connected to form.

60. a location that is used to construct the ring-type element framework reverses/and the model/pressing mold of ring-type element comprises: (a) a kind of surface plate; And (b) stops reverse attached to drawing up on the surface plate/surface plate of ring-type element position on; So that reverse/ring-type element remains on the position of drawing up like this so that be connected to form ring-type element.

61. according to claim 58 or 59 described model/pressing molds, it is characterized in that being used to reversing/manual of ring-type element location provides by using ring-type element framework planning algorithm.