CN1342360A - Communication systems using Hadamard coding - Google Patents

Communication systems using Hadamard coding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1342360A
CN1342360A CN00804381A CN00804381A CN1342360A CN 1342360 A CN1342360 A CN 1342360A CN 00804381 A CN00804381 A CN 00804381A CN 00804381 A CN00804381 A CN 00804381A CN 1342360 A CN1342360 A CN 1342360A
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China
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hadamard
signal
column
single row
row
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CN00804381A
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Chinese (zh)
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D·J·格恩霍
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007—Code type
    • H04J13/004—Orthogonal
    • H04J13/0048—Walsh
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/14—Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations, e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms
    • G06F17/145—Square transforms, e.g. Hadamard, Walsh, Haar, Hough, Slant transforms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/10—Code generation
    • H04J13/12—Generation of orthogonal codes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A communication system determines the elements of an individual row or column of a Hadamard matrix without storing the entire Hadamard matrix. In a transmitter portion, the values of the calculated row or column are used to encode a portion of a digital signal. In a receiver portion, the values of the calculated row or column are used to decode the portion of the digital signal to recreate the digital signal.

Description

Use the communication system of Hadamard coding
The present invention relates to the coded digital communication field, wherein digital information signal is decoded after receiving being encoded before the transmission.
It is well-known in the art that can m*m hadamard matrix: H of following generation 0=[0] H 1 = 0 0 0 1 H 2 = 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
H is the benefit of H.That is, if the value of the element of H is 0, then the respective element value of H is 1, if perhaps the value of H element is 1, then the value of the respective element of H is 0.
Notice that each row of m*m hadamard matrix and difference of other row in this matrix accurately are m/2.Except first row, other every row 0 is identical with 1 number.These row are called as (mutually perpendicular) of quadrature, because if these row are represented as the line by the origin of coordinates of m-dimensional space, then these lines are all orthogonal.The row of this hadamard matrix is identical with this matrix column, so above explanation is applicable to the row of this hadamard matrix too.
Hadamard matrix is generally used for binary digital data (value is 0 or 1 the sequence that is called bit) is encoded.For example, in the IS-95 standard, numerical data is divided into 6 bit parts.Each 6 possible bit partly is assigned with one from 1 to 64 different decimal value, and utilizes this to be worth a corresponding row selecting the 64*64 hadamard matrix.For each 6 bit part of numerical data, send the row of selected 64 bits according to the value of this 6 bit part.Which decimal value each 64 bit of the row that the comparison of IS-95 receiver is sent represent to determine it.
In the communication system formerly, hadamard matrix is stored in the memory, and with the value of needed row from memory copy to a Hadamard coding device, a digital signal encoding is become the digital signal of Hadamard coding.
Those skilled in the art can quote with reference to following.United States Patent (USP) 5,159,608 use the row or column of hadamard matrix to come the data in the communication system are carried out encoding and decoding as orthogonal code.At United States Patent (USP) 5,297, in 161, the signal energy of this travelling carriage is estimated by the orthogonal code that is sent by a travelling carriage in the base station, and receiver sends it back this travelling carriage with the transmission of power grade of control from travelling carriage with control code.The public publication EP 0752736 of european patent application 96304973.9 has described and has utilized orthogonal intersection code signal calibration phased array system.
Above-mentioned list of references all comprises as a reference at this.
The inventor finds need not the element that definite whole hadamard matrix just can be determined this hadamard matrix, and for small-sized communication system such as cellular wireless system, advantageously calculate the element of the delegation of hadamard matrix as required, rather than whole hadamard matrix is stored in the memory.For being used for the desirable bigger hadamard matrix of false noise coding (a hundreds of element), needed memory capacity be matrix size square.Needed algorithm of each element and the interim memory capacity of judging matrix are far smaller than matrix itself.
In the present invention, communication system need not to store the element that whole hadamard matrix just can be judged the single row or column of this hadamard matrix.In transmitter of the present invention, use the value of calculated row or column to come the part of a digital signal is encoded.In receiver of the present invention, use the value of calculated row or column to come this part of this digital signal is decoded to reduce this digital signal.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that by below with reference to the accompanying drawing description of preferred embodiments that the accessory claim feature is shown, can know the present invention and other purpose of the present invention and advantage.
Fig. 1 represents the each several part of communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents the each several part of hadamard calculator of the present invention.
In following accompanying drawing is described, because the row of hadamard matrix are identical with the row of this matrix, so the use of row only is discussed.
Fig. 1 represents the each several part of communication system 100 of the present invention.In hop of the present invention, convert the analog output signal in the transmission line 101 to digital output signal by modulus (A/D) transducer 102.If this output signal has been the binary form such as computer data, then do not need this analog to digital converter.Encode by 103 pairs of digital output signals of pseudo noise (PN) encoder and to carry out spread spectrum with transmission to this signal.PN generator 104 offers the PN encoder with a PN sequence, and this PN encoder comprises one in order to merge the modulo 2 adder of this digital output signal and this PN sequence.The PN generator can be linear feedback shift register or a hadamard calculator as described below.Unless just need the PN encoder when needing spread spectrum broadcasting.Carry out Hadamard coding by 105 pairs of PN codings of Hadamard coding device output signal, so that a Hadamard coding output signal to be provided.Hadamard calculator 106 is determined the value of each element or the row of hadamard matrix, and the value of described element or row is offered the Hadamard coding device.Described this calculator in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2, and being used to of can realizing describing below calculated the algorithm of each element value of hadamard matrix.In the Hadamard coding device, the encode value of delegation of the part of output signal and this hadamard matrix of PN is carried out mould 2 and added.
Connect switch 107 between storage or broadcasting Hadamard coding signal, to select.If switch 107 is set to broadcast the hadamard signal, then modulator 108 is modulated these signals, and uses antenna 109 to send this signal.Modulator is modulated a radio-frequency carrier signal with this Hadamard coding signal.Use antenna with this modulated signal by air avenue (airways) broadcasting, in addition, can replace this antenna to connection with one such as the broadband network (not shown) of cable television network.Otherwise,, then carry out chnnel coding, and be written on the CD 111 by write head by 110 pairs of these Hadamard coding signals of channel encoder if switch 107 is set to store the Hadamard coding signal.Channel encoder is gone up the needed form of storage with this conversion of signals Cheng Zaipan, for example is no more than the sign indicating number of two companies zero.
At receiving unit of the present invention, switch 120 determines that the Hadamard coding input signal is from the memory reception or from broadcast reception.If switch 120 is set to from broadcast reception, then receive the Hadamard coding input signal by antenna 121 and demodulator 122.Otherwise,, then receive the Hadamard coding input signal by channel decoder 125 from coiling 123 by read head 124 if switch 120 is set to read from memory.
Hadamard decoder 126 converts the Hadamard coding input signal to the PN coded input signal.If the receiving unit of communication system is the part of the equipment identical with hop, then can use hadamard calculator 106 to determine each row of hadamard matrix or the value of each element, and the value of these row or element is offered hadamard decoder 126.Otherwise,,, then provide an independently hadamard calculator (not shown) if hop perhaps is not provided if receiving unit is independently.The specific Hadamard coding device of this embodiment uses modulo 2 adder that the value of hadamard row is removed from input signal.
If input signal was encoded by PN before transmission, then will be encoded by PN, and need PN decoder 127 that this PN coded input signal is converted into digital input signals from the signal of hadamard decoder.Reusing modulo 2 adder removes PN from this input signal.If desired, then use digital-to-analogue (D/A) transducer 128 that this digital input signals is converted into analog input signal.
For example, in cell phone, A/D converter 102 comprises the increment-summation modulator that is used for analogue voice signal is converted into digital voice signal, and D/A converter 128 comprises the increment-summation demodulator that is used for digital voice signal is converted into analogue voice signal.
Transmitter part and receiver section can be the various pieces of identical device as shown in the figure, and perhaps they also can be arranged in different equipment.Here, can divide combination to use receiver section well known in the art and transmitter part of the present invention, also can divide combination to use transmitter part well known in the art and transmitter part of the present invention.A plurality of receiver sections can be used for identical system with a plurality of transmitter parts, base station such as cell phone system, in this case, in these transmitters some can be transmitters of the present invention, and the other previous known transmitter that is this area, and some in the receiver can be receivers of the present invention, and the other previous known receiver that is this area.
The each several part of the hadamard calculator 106 of Fig. 2 presentation graphs 1.This calculator comprises processor 201 and memory 202, and this memory contains the program module 203 of the element that is useful on the delegation of calculating hadamard matrix.This program module realizes following algorithm.
In order to find arbitrary element h of hadamard matrix Ij:
1. make b=0.
2. make m=(log 2The last integer of (max (i, j))).M then *M hadamard matrix H contains h IjThe hadamard matrix of minimum dimension.
3. which quadrant of determining H contains h IjIf this quadrant is a right lower quadrant, then b is got its complement (that is, if the b value is 0, then get 1, if the b value is 1, then get 0); Otherwise,, then do not change b if this quadrant is not a right lower quadrant.
4. specify the H wherein h that serves as reasons again IjThe matrix that constitutes for the quadrant that found in the step 3.
5., then forward step 3 to, otherwise forward step 6 to if the size of H is greater than 1*1.
6.h Ij(b is h to=b IjValue).
Those skilled in the art abovely discloses the present invention, and described the inventor and realized the optimal mode that the present invention considers, so that can use the present invention with reference to specific preferred embodiment.Under the condition that does not depart from spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make amendment and adds these embodiment.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only limited by following claim.

Claims (6)

1. communication system comprises:
An input (101) that is used to obtain input signal;
A Hadamard coding device (105) is used for input signal is encoded producing the Hadamard coding signal, and comprises and be used to ask each element of hadamard matrix or the device of single row or column;
A calculation element (106), be used to calculate each element or the single row or column of hadamard matrix, and need not to calculate whole hadamard matrix, and, element or the row that is calculated offered described Hadamard coding device according to request for each element or single row;
A transmitter (108,110) that is used for described Hadamard coding signal is sent to medium;
A receiver (122,123) that is used for receiving the Hadamard coding signal from medium;
A hadamard decoder (126) is used for described Hadamard coding signal is decoded producing output signal, and comprises and be used to ask each element of hadamard matrix or the device of single row or single row; And
An output (130) that is used to provide output signal.
2. according to the communication system of claim 1, wherein:
This system also is included in the false noise coding device (103) that Hadamard coding is encoded input signal before;
This system also is included in the pseudo noise decoder (127) that the hadamard decoding is decoded to code signal afterwards;
Described medium comprises record carrier (111), and described transmitter comprises channel encoder (110) and is used to read the write head (112) of the driver of this record carrier;
Described medium comprises record carrier (123), and described receiver comprises the read head (124) of the driver of channel decoder (125) and this record carrier;
Described medium comprises air avenue, and described transmitter comprises a modulator and an antenna that is used for the Hadamard coding signal is sent to air avenue;
Described medium comprises air avenue, and receiver comprises an antenna (121) and a demodulator (122) that is used for receiving from air avenue the Hadamard coding signal;
Described input signal is an analog signal, and this system also comprises the analog to digital converter (102) that is used for analog input signal is converted into digital input signals;
Described output signal is an analog signal, and this system also comprises the digital to analog converter (128) that is used for digital output signal is converted into analog output signal; And
Each row or column of Hadamard coding device request Hadamard codes.
3. communication system transmitter comprises:
An input that is used for input signal;
A Hadamard coding device is used for input signal is encoded producing code signal, and comprises and be used to ask each element of hadamard matrix or the device of single row or column;
Calculation element, be used to calculate each element or the single row or column of hadamard matrix, and need not to calculate whole hadamard matrix, and, element or the row or column of being calculated offered this Hadamard coding device according to request for each element or single row or column from the Hadamard coding device; And
A transmitter that is used for code signal is sent to medium.
4. communication system receiver comprises:
One is used for from the receiver of medium received encoded signal;
A hadamard decoder is used for code signal is decoded producing output signal, and comprises and be used to ask each element of hadamard matrix or the device of single row or column;
Be used for according to calculating each element or the single row or column of hadamard matrix from the request of Hadamard coding device, and the device that the element that calculated or row or column are offered the hadamard decoder; And
An output that is used to provide decoded signal.
5. the Hadamard coding equipment of communication system comprises:
An input that is used to provide input signal;
A Hadamard coding device is used for input signal is encoded to produce code signal, also comprises being used to ask each element of hadamard matrix or the device of single row or column;
Be used to calculate each element or the single row or column of hadamard matrix, and need not to calculate whole hadamard matrix, and according to from the request for each element or single row or column of Hadamard coding device, the device that the element that calculated or row or column are offered the Hadamard coding device; And
An output that is used to provide code signal.
6. the hadamard decoding device of communication system comprises:
An input that is used to provide code signal;
A hadamard decoder is used for code signal is decoded to produce output signal, also comprises being used to ask each element of hadamard matrix or the device of single row or column;
Be used for according to each element or the single row or column of calculating hadamard matrix from the request of Hadamard coding device, and element or the row or column of being calculated offered the hadamard decoder, and need not to calculate the device of whole hadamard matrix; And
An output that is used to provide decoded signal.
CN00804381A 1999-12-29 2000-12-14 Communication systems using Hadamard coding Pending CN1342360A (en)

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US47429899A 1999-12-29 1999-12-29
US09/474,298 1999-12-29

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WO (1) WO2001050700A1 (en)

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US9929437B2 (en) * 2014-04-03 2018-03-27 Gotion Inc. Use of reactive ionic liquids as additives for electrolytes in secondary lithium ion batteries
US11825462B2 (en) * 2019-12-20 2023-11-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus for sequence design based on subsampling

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US5159608A (en) * 1991-08-28 1992-10-27 Falconer David D Method and apparatus for using orthogonal coding in a communication system
US5297161A (en) * 1992-06-29 1994-03-22 Motorola Inc. Method and apparatus for power estimation in an orthogonal coded communication system
CA2180051C (en) * 1995-07-07 2005-04-26 Seth David Silverstein Method and apparatus for remotely calibrating a phased array system used for satellite communication

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JP2003519964A (en) 2003-06-24
KR20010108277A (en) 2001-12-07
WO2001050700A1 (en) 2001-07-12

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