The invention is further illustrated below with reference to process flows and examples.
And (2) uniformly mixing hydrocyanic acid and the first part of corresponding alcohol in an inert solvent, cooling to a specified temperature, introducing a hydrogen halide gas, maintaining the reaction temperature, maintaining the temperature until imine salt is separated out, adding the second part of corresponding alcohol after the imine salt is completely separated out, adjusting the pH value of a reaction solution to be 0.5-3.0, keeping the temperature to be 30-60 ℃, reacting for 24-72 hours, removing ammonium halide after alcoholysis is finished, evaporating the solvent, and rectifying to obtain a finished orthoformate product.
Example one reaction mass molar ratio was hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid 1: 3.5: 1.1.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content of which is 99 percent, converted into pure 216kg and 8kmol), 443.8kg of absolute ethyl alcohol (the content of which is 99.5 percent, converted into pure 441.6kg and 9.6kmol) and 2000L of solvent oil into a reactionkettle, uniformly stirring, cooling to-10 ℃, uniformly introducing 712.8kg of hydrogen bromide gas, maintaining the temperature between-10 ℃ and-20 ℃ in the reaction process, maintaining the temperature after the reaction is finished, completely separating out the imine salt, adding 850.6kg of absolute ethyl alcohol (the content of which is 99.5 percent, converted into pure 846.4kg and 18.4kmol) into the reaction kettle, adjusting the pH of the reaction solution to 0.5-3.0, maintaining the temperature to 50-60 ℃, reacting for 48 hours, removing ammonium bromide after alcoholysis is finished, distilling off the solvent to obtain 984.67kg of triethyl orthoformate, determining the content of which is 99.20 percent by chromatography, converted into pure 976.8kg and obtaining the yield of 82.5 percent.
Example two reaction feeds were in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid of 1: 3.8: 1.2.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99%, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 517.7kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 515.2kg, 11.2kmol), cooling to-5 ℃, introducing 777.6kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at the temperature of-5 to-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after introduction is finished, adding 887.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 883.2kg, 19.2kmol) after the imine salt is completely separated out, keeping the temperature at 40-50 ℃, reacting for 24 hours to obtain 964.84kg of a finished product of the triethyl orthoformate, determining the content by chromatography to be 99.03%, the purity is 955.5kg, and the yield is 80.7%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The molar ratio of the reaction mass of example three was 1: 3.75: 1.25 hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99%, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 499.2kg of anhydrous ethanol (thecontent is 99.5%, the purity is 496.8kg, 10.8kmol), using cyclohexane as an inert solvent, cooling to 5 ℃, introducing 810kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at 5-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after introducing is finished, adding 887.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 883.2kg, 19.2kmol) after the imine salt is completely separated out, maintaining the temperature at 30-40 ℃, and reacting for 36 hours to obtain 919.24kg of a finished triethyl orthoformate product, the content is 98.92%, the purity is 909.3kg, and the yield is 76.8%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example four reaction feeds were in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid of 1: 4.0: 1.3.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, pure 216kg, 8kmol), 554.7kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, pure 552.0kg, 12.0kmol) as a first part, cyclohexane as an inert solvent, cooling to-10 ℃, introducing 842.4kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at-10 to-20 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, completely separating out the imine salt, adding 924.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, pure 920.0kg, 20.0kmol) as a second part, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and reacting for 60 hours to obtain 925.43kg of a finished triethyl orthoformate product, wherein the content is 98.77%, the content is 914.0kg, and the yield is 77.2%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example five the molar ratio of reaction mass was 1: 3.6: 1.25 hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99%, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 480.8kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 478.4kg, 10.4kmol), reducing the temperature to-5 ℃ by using cyclohexane as an inert solvent, introducing 810kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at the temperature of-5 to-10 ℃,maintaining the temperature after introducing is finished, completely separating out imine salt, adding 850.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 846.4kg, 18.4kmol), maintaining the temperature at 30-40 ℃, and reacting for 24 hours to obtain 905.77kg of triethyl orthoformate finished product, the content is 98.56%, the purity is 892.7kg, and the yield is 75.4%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example the molar ratio of the six reaction feeds was hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid 1: 3.75: 1.2.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99%, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 462.3kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 460.0kg, 10.0kmol) in the first part, cooling to-5 ℃, introducing 777.6kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at the temperature of-5 to-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after introducing is finished, adding 924.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 920.0kg, 20.0kmol) in the second part after imine salt is completely separated out, keeping the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and reacting for 72 hours to obtain 948.3kg of a finished product of triethyl orthoformate, the content is 99.01%, the purity is 938.9kg, and the yield is 79.3%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example seven reaction feeds were prepared in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid of 1: 3.8: 1.1.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 480.8kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, purity 478.4kg, 10.4kmol) as a first part, cooling to-5 ℃ by using n-heptane as an inert solvent, introducing 712.8kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at-5 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, completely separating out imine salt, adding 924.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, purity 920.0kg, 20.0kmol) as a second part, keeping the temperature at50-60 ℃, and reacting for 60 hours to obtain 957.4kg of triethyl orthoformate finished product, 99.05%, purity 948.38kg and 80.1% of yield. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example eight reaction feeds were in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid of 1: 4.0: 1.25.
218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99 percent, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 480.8kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5 percent, the purity is 478.4kg, 10.4kmol), n-heptane is used as an inert solvent, the temperature is reduced to-10 ℃, hydrogen bromide gas is introduced into the mixture at 810.0kg, the reaction temperature is-10 to-15 ℃, after the introduction is finished, the temperature is maintained, after the imine salt is completely separated out, 998.5kg of anhydrous ethanol (the content is 99.5 percent, the purity is 993.6kg, 21.6kmol) is added into the mixture, the temperature is maintained at 40-50 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 48 hours, so that a finished triethyl orthoformate product 984.4kg, the content is 98.98 percent, the purity is 974.4kg, and the yield is 82.3 percent is. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example nine the molar ratio of reaction mass was hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid 1: 3.8: 1.2.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 480.8kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, purity 478.4kg, 10.4kmol) as a first part, cooling to 0 ℃ by using n-heptane as an inert solvent, introducing 777.6kg of hydrogen bromide gas, reacting at 0-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, and after imine salt is completely separated out, adding 924.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, purity 920.0kg, 20kmol) as a second part, keeping the temperature at 30-40 ℃, and reacting for 36 hours to obtain 965.0kg of triethyl orthoformate finished product, 98.56%,purity 931.8kg, and yield 78.7%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example the molar ratio of reaction mass was 1: 3.75: 1.3 hydrocyanic acid to ethanol to hydrobromic acid.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 499.2kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, purity 496.8kg, 10.8kmol) are added, the temperature is reduced to-5 ℃, 842.4kg of hydrogen bromide gas is introduced, the reaction temperature is-5-10 ℃, after introduction is finished, the temperature is maintained, after the imine salt is completely separated out, 887.6kg of anhydrous ethanol (content 99.5%, purity 883.2kg, 19.2kmol) is added, the temperature is maintained at 30-40 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 24 hours, so that 917kg of the finished triethyl orthoformate product is obtained, the content is 98.64%, the purity 904.5kg and the yield is 76.4%. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example eleven the molar ratio of reaction mass was hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid 1: 3.5: 1.1.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content of which is 99 percent, converted into pure 216kg and 8kmol), 308.7kg of anhydrous methanol (the content of which is 99.5 percent, converted into pure 307.2kg and 9.6kmol) and 2000L of solvent oil into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, cooling to-10 ℃, uniformly introducing 321.2kg of hydrogen chloride gas, maintaining the temperature to be-10 to-20 ℃ in the reaction process, maintaining the temperature after the reaction is finished, adding 591.7kg of anhydrous methanol (the content of which is 99.5 percent, converted into pure 588.8kg and 18.4kmol) after the imine salt is completely separated out, adjusting the pH of a reaction solution to be 0.5-3.0, maintaining the temperature to be 50-60 ℃, reacting for 48 hours, removing ammonium chloride after alcoholysis is finished, distilling to remove the solvent to obtain 646.4kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished products, measuring the content of which is 99.03 percent by chromatography, converted into pure 640.2kg and obtaining the yield of 75.5 percent.
Example twelve reaction streams are in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid of 1: 3.8: 1.2.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99%, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 360.2kg of anhydrous methanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 358.4kg, 11.2kmol), cooling to-5 ℃, introducing 350.4kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at-5 to-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after introducing is finished, adding 617.4kg of anhydrous methanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 614.4kg, 19.2kmol) after the imine salt is completely separated out, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, reacting for 24 hours to obtain 647.84kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished products, determining the content by chromatography to be 98.56%, the purity is 638.5kg, and the yield is 75.3%. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example thirteen the molar ratio of reaction mass was hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid 1: 3.75: 1.25.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 347.3kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 345.6kg, 10.8kmol) as a first part, cyclohexane as an inert solvent, cooling to 5 ℃, introducing 365kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at 5-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after introducing is finished, adding 617.4kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 614.4kg, 19.2kmol) as a second part after imine salt is completely separated out, maintaining the temperature at 30-40 ℃, and reacting for 36 hours to obtain 640.4kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, 98.78%, purity 632.6kg and yield 74.6%. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example fourteen reaction masses were mixed in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid of 1: 4.0: 1.3.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, pure 216kg, 8kmol), 385.9kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, pure 384.0kg, 12.0kmol) as the first part, cyclohexane as the inert solvent, cooling to-10 ℃, introducing 379.6kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at-10 to-20 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, completely separating out the imine salt, adding 643.2kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, pure 640.0kg, 20.0kmol) as the second part, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and reacting for 60 hours to obtain 661.1kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, 98.90%, 653.8kg of pure orthoformate and 77.1% of yield. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example fifteen the molar ratio of reaction mass was hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid 1: 3.6: 1.25.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 334.4kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 332.8kg, 10.4kmol), cyclohexane as an inert solvent, cooling to-5 ℃, introducing 350.4kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at-5 to-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after completing introduction, completely separating out the imine salt, adding 591.7kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 588.8kg, 18.4kmol), maintaining the temperature at 30-40 ℃, and reacting for 24 hours to obtain 669.3kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, 99.20%, purity 663.9kg and yield 78.3%. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example sixteen reaction materials were fed in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid of 1: 3.75: 1.2.
Feeding 218.18kg of HCN (the content is 99%, the purity is 216kg, 8kmol), 321.6kg of anhydrous methanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 320.0kg, 10.0kmol), cooling to-5 ℃, introducing 350.4kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at the temperature of-5 to-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after introducing is finished, and after the imine salt is completely separated out, adding 643.2kg of anhydrous methanol (the content is 99.5%, the purity is 640.0kg, 20.0kmol), maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and reacting for 72 hours to obtain 688.5kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, the content is 98.77%, the purity is 680.1kg, and the yield is 80.2%. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example seventeen the molar ratio of the reaction mass was hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid 1: 3.8: 1.1.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, pureness 216kg, 8kmol), 334.4kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, pureness 332.8kg, 10.4kmol) as a first part, cooling to-5 ℃ by using n-heptane as an inert solvent, introducing 321.2kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at-5 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, completely separating out the imine salt, adding 643.2kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, pureness 640.0kg, 20.0kmol) as a second part, maintaining the temperature at 50-60 ℃, and reacting for 60 hours to obtain 695.8kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, 99.44%, 691.9kg of pureness and 81.6% of yield. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example eighteen the molar ratio of reaction mass is hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid 1: 4.0: 1.25.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 334.4kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 332.8kg, 10.4kmol) as a first part, cooling to-10 ℃ by using n-heptane as an inert solvent, introducing 365.0kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at-10 to-15 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, completely separating out the imine salt, adding 694.6kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 691.0kg, 21.6kmol) as a second part, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and reacting for 48 hours to obtain 656.5kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, 98.68%, purity 647.8kg and yield 76.4%. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example nineteen reaction masses were prepared in a molar ratio of hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid of 1: 3.8: 1.2.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, pureness 216kg, 8kmol), 334.4kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, pureness 332.8kg, 10.4kmol) as a first part, cooling to 0 ℃ by using n-heptane as an inert solvent, introducing 350.4kg of hydrogen chloride gas, reacting at 0-10 ℃, maintaining the temperature after the introduction is finished, and after imine salt is completely separated out, adding 643.2kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, pureness 640.0kg, 20kmol) as a second part, keeping the temperature at 30-40 ℃, and reacting for 36 hours to obtain 667.2kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished product, the content 99.00%, the pureness 660.5kg and the yield of 77.9%. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.
Example twenty the molar ratio of reaction mass was hydrocyanic acid to methanol to hydrochloric acid 1: 3.75: 1.3.
218.18kg of HCN (content 99%, purity 216kg, 8kmol), 347.3kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 345.6kg, 10.8kmol) are added, the temperature is reduced to-5 ℃, 379.6kg of hydrogen chloride gas is introduced, the reaction temperature is-5 to 10 ℃, after introduction is finished, the temperature is maintained, after the imine salt is completely separated out, 617.4kg of anhydrous methanol (content 99.5%, purity 614.4kg, 19.2kmol) is added, the temperature is maintained at 30 to 40 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 24 hours, so that 678.5kg of trimethyl orthoformate finished products, the content 98.35%, purity 667.3kg and the yield 78.7% are obtained. The rest is the same as the eleventh example.