CN1328972C - Composite feed for simple-stomach farm animal - Google Patents
Composite feed for simple-stomach farm animal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1328972C CN1328972C CNB001373382A CN00137338A CN1328972C CN 1328972 C CN1328972 C CN 1328972C CN B001373382 A CNB001373382 A CN B001373382A CN 00137338 A CN00137338 A CN 00137338A CN 1328972 C CN1328972 C CN 1328972C
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- corynebacteria
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Abstract
A composite includes the feed for simple-stomach farm animal and the coryneform bacteriaovide.
Description
The present invention relates to the fodder compound of a kind of simple stomach domestic animal, wherein the protein fish meal is substituted by the corynebacteria microorganism.
What at present, the protein feeds of simple stomach domestic animal used is bean powder and fish meal.Soy meal is main protein feeds.But because the primary amino acid equal size of bean powder is low, fish meal often and bean powder is mixed uses.But fish meal is very expensive, uses fish meal to cause the production cost of forage mixture to increase.
Can use protein, because they are cheap protein feeds raw materials from microorganism.The example of this part comprise methyl alcohol-assimilation yeast (poultry science (Poult.Sci.), 1039-42 (1974)) and lactic acid bacteria (JP-A-58-053829 May 53 (3):; Term used herein " JP-A " refers to " not examining disclosed Japanese patent application ").
Simultaneously, people know that the composition that contains corynebacteria cell membrane component can be used as prevention and the white diarrhea of treatment domestic animal, poultry and pet etc. and the reagent (JP-A-3-173826) of diarrhoea.But, up to the present also do not report and use the corynebacteria microorganism as the protein feeds substitute of fish meal particularly, because corynebacteria microorganism existing problems in digestion.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of feed of cheapness, substitute expensive at present protein feeds, fish meal with other cheap protein raw material to the simple stomach domestic animal.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and other purpose are to be reached by the composition that has comprised simple stomach feed stripped and corynebacteria microorganism.
Fig. 1 represents is the alternative ratio of fish meal and raises relation between 35 days the body weight that is suitable for roasting chicken of processing.
The inventor has carried out careful research, found that the composition of corynebacteria microorganism is similar to the composition of fish meal. This corynebacteria microorganism is applied to the simple stomach domestic animal with the replacement fish meal, the result, the body weight of this simple stomach domestic animal increases, and therefore finds that the corynebacteria microorganism can be used as protein raw material. For this reason, the present invention finishes on the basis of above-mentioned discovery.
In the present invention, term " simple stomach domestic animal " refers to the domestic animal with an independent stomach, such as pig, poultry etc.
Term " corynebacteria " comprises the bacterium that is sorted in brevibacterium, but they also are incorporated in (Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol., 41:255 (1981)) in the Corynebacterium now, and the bacterium of brevibacterium is very similar to the bacterium of Corynebacterium.Except wild bacterial strain, can also use other mutation.The example of this part comprises the mutation of drug resistance, medicine, auxotroph etc.; Acquisition or disappearance and amino acid or nucleic acid related compound produce the mutation of ability; Use technique for gene engineering to strengthen mutation of plurality of enzymes activity or the like.
This coryneform example comprises:
Corynebacterium acctoacidophlum (Corynebacterium aeetoacidophilum)
Vinegar paddy rod bacillus (Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum)
Alkanol rod bacillus (Corynebacterium alkanolyticum)
U.S. excellent bacillus (Corynebacterium callunae)
Corynebacterium glutamicum (Corynebacterium glutamicum)
Lily hedysarum scoparium bacillus (Corynebacterium lilium) (corynebacterium glutamicum)
Corynebacterium melassecola
Heat is produced amino excellent bacillus (Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes)
Man of great strength's rod bacillus (Corynebacterium herculis)
Extension brevibacterium (Brevibacterium divaricatum) (Corynebacterium glutamicum)
Brevibacterium flavum (Brevibacterium flavum) (Corynebacterium glutamicum)
Brevibacterium immariophilium
Brevibacterium (Brevibacterium lactofermentum) (Corynebacterium glutamicum)
Rose-colored brevibacterium (Brevibacterium roseum)
Brevibacterium saccharolyticum (Brevibacterium saccharolyticum)
Give birth to sulphur brevibacterium (Brevibacterium thiogenitalis)
Brevibacterium ammoniagene (Brevibacterium ammoniagenes) (product ammonia rod bacillus: Corynebacteriumammoniagenes)
Brevibacterium albus (Brevibacterium album)
Brevibacterium cerinus (Brevibacterium cerinum) and
Have a liking for ammonia microbacterium (Microbacterium ammoniaphilum).
Specific example comprises:
Corynebacterium acctoacidophlum ATCC 13870
Vinegar paddy rod bacillus ATCC 15806
Alkanol rod bacillus (Corynebacterium alkanolyticum) ATCC 21511
U.S. excellent bacillus ATCC 15991
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13655, ATCC 13826 and ATCC 13869
Lily hedysarum scoparium bacillus ATCC 15990
Corynebacterium melassecola ATCC 17965
Heat is produced amino excellent bacillus (Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes) FERM BP-1539
Man of great strength's rod bacillus ATCC 13868
Extension brevibacterium (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 14020
Brevibacterium flavum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13826 and ATCC 14067
Brevibacterium immariophilium ATCC 14068
Brevibacterium (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13665 and ATCC 13869
Rose-colored brevibacterium ATCC 13825
Brevibacterium saccharolyticum ATCC 14066
Give birth to sulphur brevibacterium ATCC 19240
Brevibacterium ammoniagene (producing ammonia rod bacillus) ATCC 6871 and ATCC 6872
Brevibacterium albus ATCC 15111
Brevibacterium cerinus ATCC 15112 and
Have a liking for ammonia microbacterium ATCC 15354.
In coryneform cultivation, usually,, just can use any nutrient as long as bacterium can assimilate.The example of this part comprises the ordinary culture medium that adds nutrient.The example of nutrient comprises carbon source, carbohydrate (as glucose, sucrose etc.) for example, alcohol (as ethanol, glycerine etc.), organic acid (as acetate, propionic acid etc.), soybean wet goods; Nitrogenous inorganic nutritive element (as YE, peptone, meat extract, corn immersion liquid, ammonium sulfate, ammoniacal liquor etc.); Inorganic nutritive element (as phosphate, magnesium, iron, manganese, potassium etc.); Vitamin (as biotin, thiamines etc.) or the like.The pH4.0-9.5 of control nutrient medium cultivated 12 hours to 5 days down at 20-40 ℃.
The microorganism that cultivation obtains can separate with culture medium, for example by centrifugation, and then uses them.But, preferably with microbial lytic.The microorganism for the treatment of cracking can be that active microorganism also can be the microorganism of pasteurize.Carry out this cracking by enzyme process or physics method.
In enzyme process, the microorganism after the cultivation is dissolved in water, suspends in water, for example physiological saline, digestion then.Here the example of employed enzyme includes the enzyme (as lysozyme etc.) of dissolution, plant-derived albumen enzyme (as papain, bromelain etc.), the various protease that produce by microorganism such as fungi, bacterium etc., protease that produces by the animal digestion organ or the like.Reaction condition is selected according to known method.
The example of physics method comprises with processing such as extruder, French process for zine extraction, ultrasonic degradation machines.
Enzyme process and physics method can also be used in combination.As long as the digestibility of the protein that obtains in this microorganism can improve, can utilize any microbial treatment method.Dry treated microorganism.Dried microorganism can be selected to grind.
Table 1 expression fish meal, corynebacteria microorganism (Brevibacterium lactofermentum) and as the analysis data of the typical protein raw material bean powder of feed.Table 1 shows that the protein content of this corynebacteria microorganism is higher than fish meal, compares with typical protein raw material bean powder, and it is similar to the composition of fish meal.But also find that the amino acid of this corynebacteria microorganism is formed also similar to fish meal.But the methionine of this corynebacteria microorganism and the content of lysine are lower slightly than fish meal.Therefore, in the present invention, can control amino acid balance effectively by adding amino acid such as FE-5, methionine etc.
Table 1
The composition of fish meal and corynebacteria microorganism
(representing) with % weight
| Fish meal | Corynebacteria | Bean powder (reference) | |
| Total nitrogen | 9.68 | 11.10 | 5.92 |
| Thick protein | 60.50 | 69.40 | 37.00 |
| Threonine | 2.50 | 3.00 | 1.50 |
| Serine | 2.25 | 2.10 | 2.17 |
| Glycine | 4.19 | 2.90 | 2.00 |
| Valine | 3.23 | 3.30 | 1.80 |
| Methionine | 1.78 | 1.10 | 0.51 |
| Isoleucine | 2.85 | 2.50 | 2.00 |
| Leucine | 4.50 | 4.40 | 2.80 |
| Tyrosine | 1.98 | 1.60 | 1.20 |
| Phenylalanine | 2.48 | 2.30 | 1.80 |
| Lysine | 4.83 | 2.60 | 2.40 |
| Histidine | 1.46 | 1.20 | 0.89 |
| Arginine | 3.79 | 3.20 | 2.80 |
| Calcium | 5.11 | 0.75 | 0.25 |
| Phosphorus | 2.88 | 1.18 | 0.58 |
| Sodium | 0.41 | 0.63 | 0.12 |
| Potassium | 0.77 | 1.32 | 1.61 |
Contain fish meal with the feed of the mixed simple stomach domestic animal of corynebacteria microorganism, this fish meal is substituted by the corynebacteria microorganism.Usually, this feed can also contain at least a cereal (as corn, barley, wheat, rye, Chinese sorghum, soybean, soy meal etc.), soya-bean cake and bean powder, soybean protein, grease, skimmed milk, meat meal tankage, blood meal, plasma protein, whey, rice chaff, wheat bran, sucrose, glucose, mineral matter, vitamin, sodium chloride etc., they can use separately or mixed the use.
Preferably the corynebacteria microorganism with 70% weight or less amount substitutes fish meal.Under the microorganism situation that is untreated, this substitution value is preferably 35% weight or still less.When using the corynebacteria microorganism of high mixing ratio, can obtain cheap feed.The use of preferred corynebacteria microorganism is than being 1.5% weight or more.Therefore, do not have under the special situation about handling in microorganism, based on the total amount of fish meal and corynebacteria microorganism, the content of this corynebacteria microorganism is preferably 1.5% to 70% weight and 1.5% to 35% weight.
The corynebacteria microorganism can be added in the above-mentioned feed or be gone to keep fowls after mixed with feed.Particularly preferably be, the corynebacteria microorganism is used as the substitute of fish meal.Therefore, this corynebacteria microorganism can be used for any feed that contains fish meal.For example, poultry feed be divided into early stage feed and late period feed, and the corynebacteria microorganism can be added in this feed of two types.The mixing ratio of this corynebacteria microorganism is restriction especially not, as long as the total amount of fish meal and corynebacteria microorganism is in the common employed scope of feed.And dosage of using and frequency do not limit especially yet, and they depend on the variation of animal varieties, age, weight and other condition etc.
When giving the simple stomach domestic animal particularly poultry is used feed, of the present inventionly substitute the method for fish meal in the feed and be useful with the feed of the alternative fish meal of this corynebacteria microorganism with the corynebacteria microorganism.
According to the present invention, the corynebacteria microorganism can be used as the protein feeds of the cheapness of simple stomach domestic animal.Especially, the corynebacteria microorganism is effectively as the substitute of the protein raw material fish meal of costliness.For improving digestion than the corynebacteria microorganism is handled, thereby the mixing ratio of this microorganism obtains increase.
More details of the present invention is set forth with reference to following embodiment, and unless otherwise indicated, all percentage all by weight among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Preparation corynebacteria method of microorganism
After Alfalaval BRPX510 centrifugation, this concentrate cleans with 10KL water, follows centrifugation once more, obtains the microorganism aqueous concentrate of 1.4kL to the 12KL fermentation broth of cultivating preparation with corynebacteria (brevibacterium) in ordinary culture medium.Then, utilize rotary drum dryer (contact area: 22.5m
2) under 140 ℃ with 2.25L/ minute dry this microorganism aqueous concentrate, the microorganism that obtains doing (hereinafter being called " untreated microorganism ").The untreated microorganism that obtains thus is suspended in the water, and making concentration is 100g/L, adds 0.1% lysozyme and 0.2% papain subsequently, leaves standstill reaction 16 hours under 30 ℃.Enzyme solutions to gained under above-mentioned identical condition carries out drying, obtains the microorganism that dry enzyme handles and hereinafter is called " microorganism that enzyme is handled ").Above-mentioned untreated microorganism carries out the physics fragmentation with Laboruder Mark2 (by Japanese Steelwork, the extruder that Ltd. makes).The service condition of this extruder is: main shaft speed is 200rpm, and the primary heater temperature is 100 ℃, and the secondary heater temperature is 140 ℃, and the 3rd heter temperature is 180 ℃, and the amount of adding water based on the microorganism that does is 12%.Use Cross Beater Mill 182300SK1 (making) to grind the microorganism that obtains grinding (hereinafter being called " microorganism of physical treatment ") again with the microorganism that this extruder (Laboruder Mark2) is handled by Mitamura Riken Kogyo.
Embodiment 2
Every part of microbiological specimens to preparation carries out the artificial digestion test:
In order to evaluate the degree that every part of microbiological specimens is broken, utilize trypsase to carry out the artificial digestion test.Especially, trypsase 250 aqueous solution (being made by DIFCO) of 5ml 3.0g/L are added in the 50mM-kaliumphosphate buffer (PH8.2) of 20ml, microbiological specimens with the above-mentioned 0.2g that makes adds again, makes this mixture leave standstill reaction 16 hours under 37 ℃.2N hydrochloric acid cessation reaction with 10ml.Reacted solution is filtered by the 5C filter paper, with the Kjeldahl method filtrate of gained is carried out nitrogen analysis.Be defined as total digestibility through the nitrogen of trypsase reaction dissolving and the ratio of nitrogen pool, measure the total digestibility of each sample.The result shows that the total digestibility of the microorganism (with lysozyme and papain) that microorganism of untreated microorganism, extrusion process (microorganism of physical treatment) and enzyme are handled is respectively 24.0%, 28.5% and 36.5%.
Embodiment 3
Raise the test that is fit to roasting chicken of processing:
Carry out 4 and take turns nursing, every group has 4 chickens.That is to say every kind of corresponding 16 chickens of condition.These chickens are placed in the unlimited poultry house 35 days, and water arbitrarily is provided simultaneously.In this test, fish meal is substituted by 3 kinds of microorganisms, and they comprise the untreated microorganism of preparation among the embodiment 1, the microorganism of physical treatment and the microorganism that enzyme is handled.Fish meal is 8.67% at the mixing ratio of whole feeds.Fish meal is 0%, 33%, 67% and 100% by 4 alternative ratios that the corynebacteria microorganism substitutes.Therefore, the mixing ratio of microorganism is respectively 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% in feed.Form the comparison of forming with the amino acid of corynebacteria microorganism according to the amino acid of fish meal, add the amino acid of shortage etc. respectively.Table 2 and 3 shows the composition of early stage feed and the composition of later stage feed respectively.
Table 2
The composition of early stage feed
(all samples are represented with %)
| Mixing ratio | 0 | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 |
| Corn | 56.63 | 56.63 | 56.63 | 56.63 |
| Rice chaff | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Bean powder | 21.00 | 21.00 | 21.00 | 1.00 |
| Meat meal tankage | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Fish meal | 8.67 | 5.78 | 2.89 | 0.00 |
| Corynebacteria | 0.00 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.50 |
| Bone meal | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.50 |
| Palm oil | 5.40 | 5.49 | 5.58 | 5.67 |
| The DL-methionine | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
| L-lysine | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Lime stone | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.30 |
| The vitamin and minerals mixture | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Total amount | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Table 3
The composition of later stage feed
(all samples are represented with %)
| Mixing ratio | 0 | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 |
| Corn | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 | 60.00 |
| Rice chaff | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Bean powder | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 |
| Meat meal tankage | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Fish meal | 8.67 | 5.78 | 2.89 | 0.00 |
| Corynebacteria | 0.00 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.50 |
| Bone meal | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.50 |
| Palm oil | 2.43 | 2.49 | 2.54 | 2.60 |
| The DL-methionine | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.16 |
| L-lysine | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 |
| Sodium chloride | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Lime stone | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.50 |
| The vitamin/mineral mixture | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Total amount | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
What table 4 was represented is to use the corynebacteria microorganism to raise various corynebacteria microorganisms and the mixing ratio of food consumption and the relation between the body weight after 35 days.The alternative ratio of fish meal and the relation between the body weight when Fig. 1 represents 35 days.In Fig. 1, symbol " ◆ ", " ▲ " and " ● " represent the microorganism of untreated microorganism, physical treatment and the microorganism that enzyme is handled respectively.By with fish meal to substitute up to about 35% untreated microorganism or to handle (microorganism of handling with lysozyme and papain) or alternative with the microorganism of physical treatment (microorganism of handling with extruder) with enzyme up to about 70%, at the 35th day, the body weight after the raising was almost identical with (promptly only adding fish meal) without the corynebacteria microorganism.These results show that the corynebacteria microorganism can substitute fish meal.
Table 4
Raise the result (35 days) who is fit to roasting chicken of processing
| With than (%) | Food consumption (g) | Body weight (g) | |
| Untreated microorganism | 0.0 | 2772±315.4 | 1605±68.7 |
| 2.5 | 2815±488.3 | 1519±156.0 | |
| 5.0 | 3026±126.2 | 1353±23.1 | |
| 7.5 | 2506±2352 | 1188±94.1 | |
| The microorganism of physical treatment | 0.0 | 2866±172.8 | 1598±45.1 |
| 2.5 | 2775±352.3 | 1553±126.4 | |
| 5.0 | 2954±191.2 | 1472±44.6 | |
| 7.5 | 2891±208.2 | 1285±154.5 | |
| The microorganism that enzyme is handled | 0.0 | 2612±371.5 | 1613±32.3 |
| 2.5 | 2610±308.7 | 1553±101.5 | |
| 5.0 | 2884±97.8 | 1531±120.6 | |
| 7.5 | 2644±43.7 | 1392±120.0 |
Claims (3)
1. composition that comprises the feed of simple stomach domestic animal, said feed comprises fish meal, wherein with the corynebacteria microorganism substituted fish meal of 33%-70% part by weight.
2. according to the composition of claim 1, wherein said feed comprises at least a of cereal, soya-bean cake and bean powder, soybean protein, oil and fat, skimmed milk, meat meal tankage, powder, plasma protein, whey, rice chaff, wheat bran, sucrose, glucose, mineral matter, vitamin and sodium chloride.
3. the corynebacteria microorganism is as the purposes of fish meal replacement.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP367264/99 | 1999-12-24 | ||
| JP367264/1999 | 1999-12-24 | ||
| JP36726499A JP2001178375A (en) | 1999-12-24 | 1999-12-24 | Method of substituting fish meal in feed for monogastric stock |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1307819A CN1307819A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
| CN1328972C true CN1328972C (en) | 2007-08-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB001373382A Expired - Fee Related CN1328972C (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2000-12-24 | Composite feed for simple-stomach farm animal |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2001178375A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1328972C (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0006240B1 (en) |
| ID (1) | ID28755A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY140766A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2014348514B2 (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2018-07-05 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Methods of feeding animals fermentation cell mass |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03173826A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-07-29 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Preventive and remedy for white diarrhea and diarrhea of domestic animal or the like |
| CN1222307A (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 1999-07-14 | 王燕军 | Biological feed protein with high methionine content and its preparation |
| JP3173826B2 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 2001-06-04 | レッキス工業株式会社 | Fusion joint method and apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-12-24 JP JP36726499A patent/JP2001178375A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-12-18 ID IDP20001102D patent/ID28755A/en unknown
- 2000-12-21 BR BRPI0006240-5A patent/BR0006240B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-21 MY MYPI20006088A patent/MY140766A/en unknown
- 2000-12-24 CN CNB001373382A patent/CN1328972C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03173826A (en) * | 1989-09-05 | 1991-07-29 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Preventive and remedy for white diarrhea and diarrhea of domestic animal or the like |
| JP3173826B2 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 2001-06-04 | レッキス工業株式会社 | Fusion joint method and apparatus |
| CN1222307A (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 1999-07-14 | 王燕军 | Biological feed protein with high methionine content and its preparation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1307819A (en) | 2001-08-15 |
| BR0006240A (en) | 2001-10-02 |
| BR0006240B1 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
| JP2001178375A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
| ID28755A (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| MY140766A (en) | 2010-01-15 |
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