CN1323958C - Method for processing urban sewage deeply - Google Patents
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- CN1323958C CN1323958C CNB200410101598XA CN200410101598A CN1323958C CN 1323958 C CN1323958 C CN 1323958C CN B200410101598X A CNB200410101598X A CN B200410101598XA CN 200410101598 A CN200410101598 A CN 200410101598A CN 1323958 C CN1323958 C CN 1323958C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a deep treatment method for urban sewage, which adopts coagulation-filtration, ozone oxidation and biological oxidation for the deep treatment of the urban sewage. Thereby, residual micro organic matters, bacteria, viruses, etc. in the second-class discharged water of the urban sewage can be removed, and the color and the smell of the urban sewage can be removed so safe recycling can be achieved. According to the different requirements of specific recycling objects of the urban sewage to the advanced treatment, the method also comprises reverse osmosis treatment or nanofiltration treatment for removing the residual organic matters and inorganic matters in water further. The present invention which is a combination technique integrating the coagulation-filtration, the ozone oxidation, the biological oxidation and the reverse osmosis can solve the problem in the urban sewage treatment and the water quality for the safe recycling; the discharged water with high quality can be obtained with low cost, and the present invention has a good performance/cost ratio. The present invention has significant operation significances for relieving the contradiction of the water shortage in a city, increasing the utilization rate of water resources, reducing environment pollution and promoting the sustainable development of society and economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of city sewage deep treatment, safe reuse.
Background technology
China is the poor relatively country of a water resources, and has the malconformation of spatial and temporal distributions, is not complementary with China local population, cultivated land resource and economic layout.Particularly along with socioeconomic fast development and quickening of urbanization process, urban water shortage and problem of environmental pollution are particularly outstanding, and water resources has become an important factor of restriction socio-economic development.Contain 0.1% the pollution substance of having an appointment with the almost equal municipal effluent of Urban water supply amount, have water yield abundance, features such as water conditioning are a kind of potential water resourcess, can be used as reliable second water source, city and be used after suitably handling.This has become various countries, the world today in the common recognition of alleviating the urban water shortage problem.Current each state has all carried out the research and the enforcement of city sewage deep treatment reuse technology, and developed countries such as the U.S. and Japan implement early to walk the prostatitis in the world, and China's starting is more past relatively.
Municipal effluent can be removed turbidity 70%～80% after traditional second-stage treatment, 40%～60% of colourity, 60%～70% of SS, BOD
525%～50%, 30%～55% of CODcr, 30%～90% of TP, but still contain harmful organic substance, bacterium and the virus etc. of difficult degradation of trace, and colourity higher, smell that flavor is outstanding, biodegradability is poor, and have bio-toxicity.Microorganism that these are residual and chemical safety are key issue and the biggest obstacles that influences its reuse.
City sewage deep treatment be exactly further remove conventional second-stage treatment these materials that can not remove fully, prior art mainly is to adopt physicochemical method, usually form by monotechnics optimum combinations such as coagulation, precipitation, filtration, charcoal absorption, membrane technique, ozone oxidation, land percolation and sterilizations, to form multistage barrier system.At present the combination process of city sewage deep treatment mainly contains with coagulation, precipitates, is filtered into main conventional processes, is treated to main combination process based on the combination process and the soil water-containing layer of gac, membrane sepn.These typical technical process are only different in form, but nearly all are the basic city sewage deep treatment technology that adopts with coagulation, precipitates, is filtered into the basis, are equipped with the special technique unit again.
Yet these conventional coagulating sedimentation filtration treatment technology commonly used at present do not have removal effect to colourity, stink and the residual organic matter etc. that exist in the secondary water outlet.And colourity, stink are the sense indexs that people pay much attention in making the process of water, and residual organic matter also can influence the biologically stable of water, and therefore, the residual of these materials will become the important factor that hinders reusing sewage in the water outlet.Though and better to organism, chromaticity removing effect based on the combination process of gac, membrane sepn, because gac, the film price is higher and regeneration of activated carbon is complicated, film easily pollutes and causes cost too high.Though the soil water-containing layer is handled organism and ammonia nitrogen are all had removal effect preferably, floor space is big, management inconvenience.Therefore, be starved of the effective regenerative use technology of a kind of economic security of exploitation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome prior art when Treating Municipal Sewage, still contain micro-harmful organic substance, bacterium, virus etc. in the secondary water outlet when using coagulating sedimentation filtration treatment reuse technology, and colourity is higher, stink is outstanding; Cost is too high when using gac, membrane sepn for main combination process, and regeneration of activated carbon complexity, film are easily polluted; And it is big to use the soil water-containing layer to handle floor space, the defective of management inconvenience, thus provide a kind of at the method design of municipal effluent secondary effluent water quality characteristic, that can effectively reduce residual organic matter content, colourity and stink, with low cost, easy to operate city sewage deep treatment.
The objective of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
The method of city sewage deep treatment provided by the invention, its technical process as shown in Figure 1, comprise and adopt coagulation and filtration, ozone oxidation, bio-oxidation to come municipal effluent is carried out advanced treatment, to remove difficult degradation micro-content organism remaining in the municipal effluent secondary effluent, bacterium, virus etc., decolouring removes smells, reach the purpose of safe reuse, specifically comprise the steps:
1) coagulation and filtration: use ordinary method, the water outlet of Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins is entered coagulation, precipitation, sand filtration or micro flocculating filter processing unit, to remove turbidity (suspended substance in the water) and partial organic substances;
Flocculation agent when adopting flocculation sediment filtration or micro flocculating filter can adopt aluminium salt, molysite etc., and when adopting polymerize aluminum chloride, its consumption is 5～15mg/L Al
2O
3, can remove 10～30% chemical oxygen demand CODs
Cr(, 80% above ss suspended solid and 70% above total phosphorus TP etc.;
2) ozone oxidation: will enter conventional ozone reaction device from top through the sewage that step 1) is handled, ozone enters from the bottom by titanium plate gas distribution, the air water adverse current is carried out ozone oxidation, the ozone-depleting amount can be 2～10mg/L according to specifically coming water water quality and purposes, hydraulic detention time (HRT) is 5～15min, utilize the strong oxidizing property of ozone to change organic molecular structure in the water, sterilization and disinfection, decolouring and deodorizing improve organic biodegradability and security in the sewage; Described ozone reaction device comprises that unstripped gas prepares peripheral equipments such as equipment, ozonizer, ozone reactor and ozone tail gas destructor;
3) bio-oxidation: will be through step 2) sewage of handling enters biological contact oxidation pond and carries out biooxidation reactions, comes degrade ozone intermediate oxidation product, remaining ammonia nitrogen and reduces sludge index (SDI), increases biologically stable; It is the above biologic packing materials such as thick quartz sand of 2mm that the filler of biological contact oxidation pond adopts gac, haydite, diameter, and an empty bed residence time (HRT) is 10～20min, obtain at last carrying out advanced treatment, can reuse water.
According to different influent qualities and water outlet requirement, can adopt different reflux ratios between ozone oxidation and the bio-oxidation unit, its ratio is between 0～0.5, to realize multi-stage oxidizing.
According to the different requirements to the specific reuse object of the municipal effluent of advanced treatment, the method for city sewage deep treatment provided by the invention also comprises:
4) reverse osmosis or nanofiltration are handled: use ordinary method, utilize reverse osmosis desalination, will further remove organism and inorganics remaining in the water through the sewage that step 3) is handled.
The water outlet of Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins is after coagulation and filtration, ozone oxidation, bio-oxidation are handled, and the treating water of this moment has higher reuse and is worth, and can be used for flushing the toilet or various view purposes etc.For the higher purposes of ask for something, because leading portion is handled and have been greatly reduced SDI (silt density index) value (a kind of index that is used to characterize the potentiality of water polluted membrane), follow-uply can directly connect reverse osmosis or nanofiltration processing unit, effluent quality is further improved on indexs such as salinity, hardness and organism.
The method of city sewage deep treatment provided by the invention has been utilized ozone (O
3) be a kind of strong oxidizer (E=2.07V), can optionally carry out decolouring and deodorizing, change organic molecule size or structure, but improve organic dirt voltinism, be again a kind of broad-spectrum high efficacy disinfectant simultaneously, the harm of comparing disinfection byproduct (DBP) with chlorine is much smaller.Therefore, ozonation technology is had in the treatment process that is applied to reusing sewage, become the powerful guarantee of improving effluent quality.Because ozone oxidation can not be the organism permineralization carbonic acid gas and water thoroughly generally, and has just changed organic character and molecular structure, generates many small molecules ozone oxidation intermediate products; So need then further these intermediate products of mineralising in subsequent biological treatment unit.The another one characteristics of ozone oxidation and bio-contact oxidation combination process are that this method can significantly reduce the SDI value of coming water, for the use of follow-up reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration membrane provides strong condition.Also have at present some with secondary effluents of municipal effluent through the coagulating sedimentation sand filtration after or directly utilize ultra-filtration membrane or microfiltration membrane to handle water is come in the back as reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration membrane Engineering Projects, but, the secondary effluent of municipal effluent derives from biological organic molecule owing to contain some, its SDI value is usually all more than 10, conventional coagulating sedimentation filtering technique is little to the reduction contribution of SDI, and the water that comes that membrane filtration technique such as ultrafiltration, micro-filtration and ozonation technology thereof all are difficult to make water outlet SDI value satisfy reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration membrane requires (SDI＜5).But as shown in table 1, the processing through ozone oxidation provided by the invention and bio-contact oxidation combination process drops to below 3 water outlet SDI value stabilization, and that can satisfy reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration membrane fully comes the water requirement.
The method of city sewage deep treatment provided by the invention is that collection coagulation and filtration, ozone oxidation, bio-oxidation and reverse osmosis are the combination technique of one, compared with prior art, its advantage is: (1) has adopted ozone Oxidation Treatment, changed organic molecular structure, can not only remove micro-content organism, the environment incretion interferent of part difficult degradation and preferentially control thing, also have sterilization and disinfection, decolouring and deodorizing function; (2) the bio-oxidation processing is carried out in the ozone oxidation water outlet, can improve organism, ammonia-N removal rate and reduction SDI index with lower cost; (3) the present invention need not regulate the pH value of Inlet and outlet water and add the biological nutrition element, has the good ratio of performance to price; (4) municipal effluent is after present method is handled, and except that conventional water-quality guideline reached national guidelines for drinking water quality, micro-content organism and bio-toxicity can reach external correlation water standard, can be used as water or industrial process waters.
In addition, use city sewage deep treatment method provided by the invention can solve the problem of municipal sewage treatment and safe reuse water quality, can obtain the high quality water outlet, have the good ratio of performance to price with lower processing cost.This is to alleviating urban water shortage contradiction, improve the utilization ratio of water resources, reduce environmental pollution and promote that continuous development of society economy all has important practical significance, particularly have more good economic benefit and environmental benefit, have the prospect of applications well for China lack of water city.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the method for city sewage deep treatment provided by the invention.
Embodiment
This example has coagulating sedimentation filtration, ozone high grade oxidation and bio-contact oxidation combination process pilot plant test device in Beijing sewage work, and is research object with this factory's two stage biological treat effluent.
The water outlet of Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins is handled through coagulation and filtration, ozone oxidation, bio-oxidation successively.The second pond water outlet enters coagulating sedimentation sand filtration processing unit, and the flocculation agent dosage is 15mg/L Al
2O
3, its water outlet is called middle water; Then water in this is entered ozone reactor from top, ozone enters from the bottom by titanium plate gas distribution, and the air water adverse current is carried out ozone oxidation, and ozone-depleting amount and hydraulic detention time (HRT) are controlled at respectively between 3～10mg/L and the 5～15min; Enter biological contact oxidation pond at last and carry out biooxidation reactions, come the ammonia nitrogen of degrade ozone intermediate oxidation product, remnants and reduce sludge index (SDI), increase biologically stable; The biological contact oxidation pond filler adopts gac, and an empty bed residence time (HRT) is 10～20min, obtain at last carrying out advanced treatment, can reuse water.
Raw water quality and experimental result are listed in table 1 and table 2.
By the listed combination process each processing unit change of water quality mean value of table 1 as can be known, the secondary sedimentation basins water outlet of this Sewage Plant (former water) obtains middle water after the coagulation and filtration cell processing, and it is to COD
Mn, DOC, NH
4 +-N, UV
254, colourity clearance be respectively 21.6%, 23.9%, 35.8%, 8% and 11%: middle water is after ozone oxidation, and DOC drops to 5.5mg/L from 6.36mg/L, and clearance reaches 13.5%; COD
MnDrop to 4.32mg/L from 6.45mg/L, clearance reaches 33%; Colourity drops to 2.5 degree from 40 degree, and percent of decolourization surpasses 93%, and decolorizing effect is obvious; UV
254Drop to 0.068 from 0.134, clearance reaches 49.3%, and this explanation ozone oxidation has been destroyed organic character and structure, thereby has improved the biodegradability of water outlet; To NH
4 +-N does not almost have effect, also can increase sometimes on the contrary, and this is because the oxidized result of organonitrogen, part NH simultaneously
4 +The removal of-N mainly is because by the result of stripping.After the biological activated carbon processing, DOC drops to 3.4mg/L, total clearance 46.5%; COD
MnDrop to 2.92mg/L, total clearance reaches 54.7%; UV
254Drop to 0.059, clearance reaches 56%; NH
4 +-N decline 1.24mg/L, clearance reaches 87.60%.By table 1 and table 2 (each unit complete water quality analysis of a certain moment combination process) as can be known, after this combination process was handled, effluent quality obviously improved, and can reach water quality standard for drinking water except that indivedual water-quality guideline.
Table 1, the combination process each processing unit change of water quality mg/L of mean value unit
| Water quality | COD Mn | DOC | NH 4 +-N | UV 254 | Colourity (degree) | SDI |
| Former water | 8.23 | 8.36 | 15.60 | 0.146 | 45 | - |
| Middle water | 6.45 | 6.36 | 10.02 | 0.134 | 40 | 7.7 |
| Ozone oxidation | 4.32 | 5.5 | 9.94 | 0.068 | 2.5 | 5.6 |
| The gac oxidation | 2.92 | 3.4 | 1.24 | 0.059 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Table 2, each unit complete water quality analysis mg/L of a certain moment combination process
| The sample title | Project | ||||||||||
| CODcr | COD Mn | TP | TN | NH 4 +-N | TDS | Volatile phenol | Turbidity (degree) | NO 3-N | DOC | Total plate count (individual/ml) | |
| Middle water | 24.1 | 6.35 | 1.64 | 30.5 | 18.6 | 702 | 0.001 | 0.30 | 9.81 | 5.11 | 300 |
| The ozone water outlet | 30.1 | 5.34 | 1.53 | 30.3 | 18.3 | 694 | nd | 0.08 | 9.88 | 4.06 | 120 |
| The gac water outlet | 22.6 | ＜5 | 1.32 | 28.1 | 2.07 | 666 | nd | 0.19 | 24.30 | 1.89 | 94 |
| pH | SP | BOD 5 | Colourity (degree) | Total hardness | Petroleum-type | Fluorochemical | Prussiate | Sulfide | LAS | Intestinal bacteria (individual/L) | |
| Middle water | 7.46 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 25 | 357 | ＜5 | 0.27 | 0.002 | 0.097 | 0.108 | 130 |
| The ozone water outlet | 7.77 | 1.41 | 8.79 | 3 | 357 | ＜5 | 0.27 | nd | 0.078 | 0.096 | nd |
| The gac water outlet | 7.74 | 1.16 | 1.0 | 3 | 359 | ＜5 | 0.27 | nd | nd | 0.099 | nd |
| Specific conductivity | Al | Fe | Mn | Total Cr | Cd | Sexavalent chrome | Pb | Cu | Zn | Excrement colibacillus group (individual/L) | |
| Middle water | 1618 | 0.3 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.009 | nd | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.12 | 0.35 | ＜20 |
| The ozone water outlet | 1605 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.029 | 0.008 | nd | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.06 | 0.382 | nd |
| The gac water outlet | 1207 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.027 | 0.008 | nd | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.03 | 0.34 | nd |
Annotate: nd represents not detect, down together.
With above-mentioned water outlet through activated carbon treatment, to handle through follow-up reverse osmosis units again, effluent quality sees Table 3, and its effluent quality index reaches tap water and Industrial Boiler water water quality standard fully, can obtain reuse and be worth higher reuse water.
Table 3, the follow-up reverse-osmosis treated unit mg/L of effluent quality mean value unit
| The water quality project | Reverse osmosis (RO) water outlet |
| COD Mn | nd |
| DOC | nd |
| TP | ＜0.05 |
| TN | 1.50 |
| NO 3-N | ＜1.0 |
| NH 4-N | ＜1.0 |
| Muriate | 2.85 |
| Turbidity | nd |
| Colourity | ＜2 |
| TDS | 18 |
| Specific conductivity (us/cm) | 38.2 |
| Total hardness | 1.96 |
| Fluorochemical | nd |
| Prussiate | nd |
| Sulfide | ＜0.175 |
| Vitriol | 0.72 |
| Volatile phenol | nd |
| Sexavalent chrome | nd |
| Cu | ＜0.02 |
| Zn | 0.08 |
| Cd | nd |
| Pb | ＜0.002 |
| Fe | 0.01 |
| Mn | 0.025 |
| Total Cr | ＜0.004 |
Use method of the present invention to containing different concns (high density 10
4～10
6Individual/L and lower concentration 10
2～10
3Individual/L) colibacillary sewage is handled, and it the results are shown in table 4, and as can be seen, the water outlet of Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins is handled through method provided by the invention, can effectively remove intestinal bacteria, to ensure the security of reuse.
Table 4, ozonization sterilising effect
| Ozone-depleting amount mg/L | High density E.coli/L | E.coli clearance % | Lower concentration E.coli/L | E.coli clearance % |
| 0.0 | 3.50E+05 | 0.00 | 9.20E+03 | 0.00 |
| 2.9 | 1.20E+05 | 65.71 | 240E+03 | 73.91 |
| 4.8 | 3.50E+03 | 99.00 | 8.00E+01 | 99.13 |
| 7.0 | 5.00E+01 | 99.99 | 2.00E+01 | 99.78 |
| 9.3 | 1.30E+02 | 99.96 | 2.00E+01 | 99.78 |
| 12.1 | 1.00E+00 | 100.00 | 1.00E+00 | 99.99 |
Use tap water through activated carbon filtration, with the use method of the present invention water that water outlet is handled to the Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins, crucian is exposed the contrast experiment, promptly utilize biological method to pass through the crucian distortion situation of continuous detecting long-term exposure under the different quality condition, thereby estimate the security of treatment process water outlet.Experimental technique is: adopt the experiment of situ flow hydrodynamic(al) attitude, the experiment water source directly adopts on-the-spot technology Inlet and outlet water, and establishing tap water (through activated carbon treatment) treatment group is control group, and middle water group is from grey water system water inlet (being the ozone water inlet), ozone and activated carbon group (O
3+ BAC) organize from treatment unit ozone and activated carbon group (O
3+ GAC) back water outlet; Experiment is selected juvenile fish then for use with fish, every group 100 tail juvenile fish, and exposing experiment periods to the open air is 2 months, claims mean body weight, average body long before exposing to the open air, random packet, per two weeks are write down its distortion situations; Water temperature is controlled at (thermostatically heating rod) more than 20 ℃, and the natural light cycle combines with external source light, bait throwing in every day (5-10% fish body weight).Its different exposure durations the distored table 5 that the results are shown in, as can be seen, can be suitable through the method for the present invention water that water outlet is handled to the Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins with the water quality of tap water, can obviously reduce crucian mutagenesis rate.
Table 5, expose to the open air the distored influence of crucian
| Two all aberration rate % | Aberration rate % all around | Six all aberration rate % | Eight all aberration rate % | |
| Tap water group | 0 | 0.00 | 1.20 | 7.69 |
| Two water that settle out | 6.67 | 12.67 | 18.00 | |
| Middle water group | 0 | 3.70 | 11.11 | 17.04 |
| The ozone and activated carbon group | 0 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 8.33 |
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of city sewage deep treatment, comprise and adopt coagulation and filtration, ozone oxidation, bio-oxidation, come municipal effluent is carried out advanced treatment, to remove difficult degradation micro-content organism, bacterium, virus remaining in the municipal effluent secondary effluent, and decolouring removes and to smell, obtain can safe reuse water outlet.
2, the method for city sewage deep treatment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described coagulation and filtration is to use ordinary method, and the water outlet of Sewage Plant secondary sedimentation basins is entered coagulation, precipitation, sand filtration or micro flocculating filter processing unit, to remove turbidity and partial organic substances; Flocculation agent when adopting flocculation sediment filtration or micro flocculating filter is aluminium salt or molysite.
3, the method for city sewage deep treatment as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described flocculation agent is a polymerize aluminum chloride, and its consumption is 5～15mg/LAl
2O
3
4, the method for city sewage deep treatment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ozone oxidation is that the sewage that will handle through coagulation and filtration enters conventional ozone reaction device from top, ozone enters from the bottom by titanium plate gas distribution, the air water adverse current is carried out ozone oxidation, the ozone-depleting amount is 2～10mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is 5～15min; Described ozone reaction device comprises that unstripped gas prepares equipment, ozonizer, ozone reactor and ozone tail gas destructor.
5, the method for city sewage deep treatment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bio-oxidation is the sewage through ozone Oxidation Treatment to be entered biological contact oxidation pond carry out biooxidation reactions, comes the ammonia nitrogen of degrade ozone intermediate oxidation product, remnants and reduces sludge index; It is the above thick quartz sand of 2mm that the filler of biological contact oxidation pond adopts gac, haydite or diameter, and the empty bed residence time is 10～20min.
6, the method for city sewage deep treatment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises reverse osmosis or nanofiltration processing.
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| CN109813647B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2021-03-12 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Stability judging and regulating method for corrosion layer of drinking water pipe network |
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