CN1323950A - Hydraulic turbine system - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydraulic turbomachine system has a hollow base seat and a flow charging tube to be communicated to the water with pressure storage at the upper part of the hollow base seat. There is a horn shape out flow outlet above the flow charging opening and there is a floatable and sliding needle valve built in the hollow base seat to open or close the liuqid flou of the out flow outlet. The turbomachine rotatory wheel connected with the generator via vertical transmission shaft is installed in the out flow outlet and many turbine blades are quiped at down end of the transmission shaft and the adjacent place of out flow outlet with the upper edge of the turbine wheel blade to be shaped as a paraboloid. An out flow runner ring similar as horn out flow tube shape will be connected around the outer edges of blade middle section and elongated into the out flow tube and partial blades and runner rings are immerged in the water break canal to reinforce the air oozing and mixing of the drained water flow.

Description

Hydraulic turbine system

The present invention is an a kind of water turbine system.

The source that the hydroelectric turbine system has been used as electric power for a long time.As U. S. Patent 4,441, in 029 and 5,780,935 state that the efficient of this mechanical device improves to some extent year by year.

, used by valve and vane operation in the existing system, the structure that generator drive axle is placed in the liquid stream still has its certain shortcoming.Permeation and upgrade that to flow through anoxic and other deficiencys in the water of system by deep water place behind the dam are somes in their shortcomings effectively.More clearly, they can not be effectively permeation and mix and stir the water of outlet simultaneously.This is because existing system has not correctly been installed the relevant position of turbine disc and tailrace and will have been used up all kinetic energy irrelevantly.

The defective of water turbine system is difficult the adjustment effectively to be applicable to different working orders of blade on the runner in another existing technology.An other shortcoming of existing system is that they comprise that the surface of a lot of overtopings causes very big fish kills.

Therefore a main purpose of the present invention provides runner bucket that a water turbine system makes it and partly is immersed in the tail underwater permeation and turbulent flow stir to reach to greatest extent.

Further aim of the present invention provides a water turbine system constructs in a parabola its blade upper limb camber line, and blade stage casing outer rim makes the loss that blade is stable and minimizing is leaked round a chute ring.

Further object of the present invention provides on the water turbine system wave current direction and form the outside overflow of diffusion gradually between the antigravity acceleration direction is by equidistant blade.

Further object of the present invention provides blade upper limb structure that a water turbine system makes it and resides in the parabola and improve theoretic recover kinetic energy rate to supply with a height, and with power partly to outlet fluid permeation.

Further object of the present invention provides the operating position that a buoyant flow control needle-valve makes it and controlled by a displacement pump.

Further object of the present invention provides a water turbine system makes it can be easy to M R.

Further object of the present invention provides a water turbine system, and it does not have the edge of sharp-pointed overtoping basically, and then reduces the death of fish.

This machinery is particularly to the patent No. 5,780, an improvement of 935.

The entity of these and other is clear and definite to those the skilled people of this process aspect.

On the base component of water turbine of the present invention, there are an inflow port and one to go out head piece, go out head piece above inflow port, so be provided with and cause fluid upwards to flow out pedestal partly.Have one have on, the vertical rotation axle of lower end and perpendicular elongate axis, this rotatingshaft normally hold by generator shaft is negative.The below device of rotatingshaft goes out the position of head piece on the pedestal part.Device has the runner of several pieces arc shaped blades on the rotatingshaft, and they are by device and extend to out within the head piece.The upper limb of blade forms parabola shaped cambered surface.

The big up and small down wedge shape in interlobate space causes the outlet fluid passage of diffusion gradually.The surface that the arc inner edge of blade is installed in rotatingshaft forms the hand of spiral one.The location of blade can impel liquid upwards to flow from flowing out perpendicular to the parabolic cambered surface that is formed by upper limb.

One and gradually the chute ring that matches of the outflow tube of divergent contour be used to device on the outer rim in blade stage casing.

Installed a needle-valve that can slide up and down at the hollow portion of pedestal, it can be moved upwards up to from the position of extreme lower position fluid inlet standard-sized sheet and will go into the head piece Close All.Fluid can be introduced the position that is used for adjusting needle-valve in the needle-valve bottom base from a pipeline.The bottom that is connected pedestal also has another stream pipe, and it is to be used for balance hydraulic pressure between the two at any time.

Use the method for this turbo machine to comprise the turbine some is immersed in tail underwater, below, water storage dam, some extends in the tail water top, so can cause the blade jet to spray water droplet band gas and enter in the tail water body, the blade partly of subduction at the same time causes the rotation turbulent flow to mix.So the turbulent flow operation of mixing is to design the method for water aeration of allowing.The formation of water droplet reentry water body and underwater bubble all can increase the surface of contact of water and air, promotes the permeation effect effectively.

One of directly relevant with hydroelectric power main Environmental Problems is its influence to downstream water quality.Retaining can cause that sizable water quality transition make it different with original natural river water quality.The most tangible change of water quality is the stratification by temperature in the reservoir and water oxygen level.When hydroelectric power plant is fetched water from reservoir bottom (Hypolimniondepth: the depth of water is below 10 meters or 30 feet), generally be this way, it is the most outstanding to the water quality impact in downstream, and this is because general anoxic or do not have dissolved oxygen all in the layer end water at all.According to the situation of locality, in the water of such degree of depth, generally all contain the very nitrogen of a large amount.The how unrestrained current of traditional hydroelectric power system enter underwater by the undercurrent mode from the water intake to the afterbay.Do like this and seriously limited the possibility of discharging the aeration of current and removing saturated gas.

In this turbo machine 10, water passes runner to the upper reaches and freely exports in the atmosphere that enters the afterbay 14 nearly waters surface 16.This basic design changes, and has strengthened the natural aeration process, and air input and turbulent flow stir and then increase the suction and the over-saturation gas of dissolved oxygen, such as the discharge of nitrogen, to help the water quality of improvement downstream current.

For the bubble input of reaching optimum efficiency and the stirring of empty G﹠W, the blade 80 of turbo machine need be immersed in the water surface below 16, and part is exposed in the atmosphere, shown in the image pattern 3.Part that turbine disc 77 exposes and blade 80 allow the formation of water droplet 144 (Fig. 3), increase the surface of contact of empty G﹠W.When water droplet was returned in the entry, they were brought bubble 116 (Fig. 3) into and strengthen the air input in tail water 14.The turbine blade portion in the water of being immersed in produces the action (consulting arrow 118 among Fig. 3) that turbulent flow stirs with the action and the remaining fluid dynamic energy of blade.The so further process that increases the contact of empty G﹠W and strengthen air-breathing and degasification.

Because liquid stream is direction upwards in turbine 10, it may obtain some superiority.One of them is that it can reduce to the remaining kinetic energy in the outlet current inferior limit and improve hydroelectric efficient.For reaching similar part recover kinetic energy, traditional system needs not only long but also expensive draft tube.The present invention itself just can allow the function of partly water outlet reclaim.When design this runner-diffuser, basic consideration is not produce current not separate from the blade surface of runner.In hydrokinetics, the theory that can be used to design this diffuser comprises that energy does not subtract principle in critical layer separation theorem and the gravity flow field.

The critical layer separation theorem can simply be narrated as the back: when the critical layer inherence disappeared perpendicular to the current gradient value (y=0) of liquid flow path direction, liquid stream had promptly reached its separation point. ${\left[\frac{\∂V_x}{\∂Y}\right]}_{y=0}=0$

V herein _xThe flow velocity of=x-direction, x is perpendicular to the y-direction.

By the application of this theory on the horizontal pipe streaming system, be limited to not exceed 7 to 9 degree at liquid flow path direction angle of flare.In the system under liquid flows to, this angle is subjected to bigger restriction.This help is interpreted as the hydroelectric power system what tradition goes out stream downwards need could reclaim bigger kinetic energy with very long draft tube from turbine water-dis-placing liquid stream.Because fluid in turbo machine 10 to the upper reaches, basic energy do not subtract principle can be used for preventing the liquid flow point from.Therefore, though the energy in fluid system may be a potential energy, kinetic energy, and/or elasticity (pressure) can combination, and their may since the change of liquid stream situation from a kind of energy form partly or all be transformed into another kind of form, and it is constant to keep its total amount. $[\mathrm{\ρgz}+\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}{v}^2}{2}+P]=K$ The density of mass of ρ=water herein;

G=gravity aceleration pulse;

The Z=absolute altitude;

The V=flow velocity;

P=pressure; And

When K=definite value constant passed through the turbine disc of an excellent in design when current, contained pressure head all converted the work to turbine one generator institute in the current.Based on this principle, people can estimate that flow velocity reduces, with the function relation (kinetic energy converts potential energy to) or the vice-versa of absolute altitude increase.When water upwards flows through turbine disc can with as after relation:

[flow velocity decrement] ²=[Z * gravity acceleration * absolute altitude increment]

Δ (V) ²=2g Δ z is Δ=increment size herein;

The V=flow velocity

G=gravity aceleration pulse; And

This equation of Z=absolute altitude can be used in the proposal plan by blades adjacent 80 formed diffused liquid chunnels.The unique device that is applicable to of this relation is at nearly free surface of water, and upwards the reacton turbine of overcurrent as shown in Figure 10.In the picture hydroelectric power system of those traditional types, fluid is in the turbine under the stopped pipe type operational circumstances by limited flow section, and it is inapplicable.

In the actual design process of turbine disc 77, people can estimate that maximum is filled with the conservation of mass principle and be permitted out the head piece area.This principle is used continuity equation usually, expresses with flow section with perpendicular to the flow velocity of this section.Its form can be write as:

[flow velocity * area] _{At section i}=[flow velocity * area] _{At section i}

[V _n×A] _i=[V _n×A] _e

V herein _n=perpendicular to liquid flow section A velocity component

Flow and product of areas at admission section-i place are the water supply situations that depends on the hydroelectric power plant.The flow velocity at outlet section-e place can calculate with above-mentioned conservation of energy principle.The area of only remaining outlet section-e is a unknown number, and can be easy to decision this moment.What this area that calculates was given is the limiting value of outlet section.Select an outlet stream interface more less, under most situation, can automatically satisfy the requirement of critical layer separation theorem and liquid stream in gravity field than calculated value.In case after exit velocity was known, the reuse efficiency of kinetic energy also can determine.

Parabolic linear side edge 82 and circular edge on the blade 80 are compared, can determine blade 80, its edge 82 can form a parabola shaped curved surface, produces higher exit velocity, and that especially leans on the center goes out stream partly, may give the spraying of more effective water like this.In addition, the turbine central part of parabola shaped vault does not have spheroidal vault emersion tail water face so high, does not therefore sacrifice so much effective head.

The vault of half garden shape provides bigger area of efflux, therefore, less goes out water speed, can reach theoretical recover kinetic energy rate [{ 1-(1/21.73) } * 100=95.4%] approximately.This is more taller with the recover kinetic energy rate of [{ 1-(1/16) } * 100=94%] design than traditional draft tube.From another point of view, with the blade 80 of parabola shaped vault design, under similar turbine size and size situation, give a theoretical recover kinetic energy value: [{ 1-(1/8.65) } * 100=89.4%].This meaning is that the latter has more remaining kinetic energy and mixes acting for improvement downstream water quality permeation and turbulent flow.

Needle-valve is being seen with efficient operation under liquid stream situation widely.10 li of turbines, needle-valve 56 is that design is used in Vertical direction operation and becomes the integrated part of even radially direct influent stream.Bottom little pressure tube 50 of empty chamber 38 usefulness of needle-valve 56 itself is connected with the turbine liquid fluid system, and needle-valve 56 can be balanced to the floating state of nature that is close to.Make needle-valve 56 to operate like this with very little external hydraulic pressure.The hydraulic fluid (available water) that need be used for operating needle-valve 56 is to be supplied with by displacement pump 44 from stream pipe 42 and 46.

When operation that needle-valve is opened, the hydraulic pressure below the needle-valve drum can progressively be pumped by the displacement pump 44 footpath pipelines 46 of reversible operation formula.Can cause the bottom part vacuum of sky chamber 38 like this.Allow the atmospheric pressure that acts on needle-valve 56 tops valve be pushed to the position of opening downwards.So guarantee that further needle-valve is easy to operate with minimum external force.

The traditional water force generating system enters the turbine generation unit by high pressure water round the transmission shaft between turbine and the generator.This arrangement need be used high pressure seal in case leak to Dynamo Room around rotatingshaft, and the sealing material in will periodically reset " filling box ".Depend on the ad hoc approach that adopts in the former design, this periodic maintenance work can be frequently and difficulty, and cause unwelcome power failure.Owing to adopt the arrangement that goes out stream and free surface of water draining vertically upward, the generator drive axle of turbo machine 10 is to be installed in the turbine disc top and to exceed usual tail water face 16.This new design provides quite a lot of tangible advantages.It has eliminated high pressure water along the possibility of transmission of power rotatingshaft to the Dynamo Room infiltration.It provides easier passage to system by dress and maintenance.It has increased the flexibility of modular construction system.

Owing to allow the draining of no draft tube free surface of water, this novel turbine system does not have the erosion of liquid gas.Be exposed in the turbo machine outlet draft tube that fluid dynamic is impacted and cavitation erosion (partly vacuum) is the injured and main causes of death of fish that cause by the water turbine system.

The fish kills relevant with hydroelectric power may be the comprehensive of multiple factor, and it comprises wound (impinging upon picture turnstile and so on hinders on the parts of liquid stream), anoxic in internal injury (by the cavitation erosion low pressure area) and the downstream water.The bubble illness that causes owing to the nitrogen supersaturation also is a kind of possible reason by citation.By the elimination that the parts that reduce obstruction liquid stream use and cavitate, turbo machine 10 will reduce wound and the internal injury of fish.Owing to the water quality of having improved by aeration and stripping gas in the channel of downstream, fish kills also will reduce.In view of the improvement on these basic designs, the minimizing of fish kills can be expected.

From above, minimum all purposes of declaring of reaching it of visible the present invention.

Description of drawings:

Figure one is a perspective view of the present invention;

Figure two is small scale exploded views;

Figure two A are large scale turbine blade device perspective views;

Figure two B are that face is looked in the selection that figure two A prolong the 2B-2B line, show the blade upper limb;

Figure two C are that face is looked in the selection that figure two A prolong the 2C-2C line, show the blade root edge;

Figure two D are perspective views of chute ring, and in complete unit was installed, its fixing device was on blade;

Figure three is top of the present invention sections, shows partly submergence and working order;

Figure four is the vertical amplification profiles of the present invention, shows as shown in figure six, when the position of needle-valve in the maximum opening;

Figure five is the general sections of image pattern four, shows that needle-valve closes fully;

Figure six is sections that turbo machine of the present invention dwindles guide, shows that it is installed in situation in the tail water environment at the water power dam site.

Embodiment:

Digital code 10 is indicated water turbine of the present invention and is illustrated among the figure one to figure six.Shown in figure six, this water turbine 10 is the belows that are installed in water storage dam 18, above the ground 12 in the tail water 14.Traditional dam 18 is typically storing water 20, arrives the horizontal plane 22 higher than the water surface 16.Digital 24 are indicating alphabetical H is used for representing head between water surface 22 and 16.

Dynamo Room 26 devices are equiped with traditional generator 28 in the unit room on grade slab 27.Generator 28 has a vertical input shaft 30.

Turbo machine 10 comprises a hollow garden cylindrical base 32 and chassis 34 (Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).Pedestal 32 has a flange plate, and it is fixed on (Fig. 1) on the pedestal 32 with a lot of traditional screw and nuts 37.There is an empty chamber 38 (Fig. 3) of garden post cylindrical base inside, garden, and there is individual base plate 40 (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) empty chamber.The bottom of the empty chamber 38 of garden post and a fluid line 42 communications and liaison mutually in the pedestal 32, but this pipeline link with the malleation movable pump 44 of an inverse operation again, it is again then lead to the stream source via stream pipe 46.Pump 44 can be controlled its operation with traditional method, and the direction of pump stream can be controlled with artificial or computer.On the stream pipe 42 valve 48 is housed.Valve 48 also can be as the remote control of pump 44.

Discuss being connected between empty 38 bottoms 40, chamber of garden post and the turbine fluid inlet herein, one section little tubule 50 of valve 52 is housed.Valve 52 can be same with valve 48 maneuver.The caliber of tubule 50 is compared with caliber 48 generally about in the of 3/8 inch, and the latter is between 3/4 inch to 1 inch.

Needle-valve central shaft 54 is by the center portion 34 of device at pedestal 32.Needle-valve 56 itself can pass hole, a vertical garden 58 along central shaft 54 and slide up and down.The top 60 of needle-valve 56 is middle concave, between all wall interfaces 64 of concave curved surface and vertical garden a seal ring 62 around whole garden week is arranged in this.

The influent stream pipe 66 and the garden cylindrical base 32 of a garden annular combine, and this can be from Fig. 3, sees clearly Chu among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Empty chamber 38 of garden ring influent stream pipe 66 and garden post and influent stream pipe 68 interlink, and the other end of influent stream pipe 68 is switched in the reservoir 20 in the check dam 18.

With reference to Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, be installed in the upright screw 72 in garden ring influent stream pipe 66 tops and be used for connecting chute 72 flange in the bottom dishes 74.The top of chute 72 expand outwardly be toroidal 76 and form turbo machine go out stream partly.Fig. 4 demonstrates the position that needle-valve is opened, and Fig. 5 demonstrates the position that needle-valve is closed.The position that needle-valve can move to Fig. 5 from the position of Fig. 4 via, at first close the valve 52 on the little tubule 50, open the valve 48 on the stream pipe 42 again.At this moment pump 44 begins to operate and the fluid force feed is gone into the bottom of the empty chamber 38 of garden cylindricality.Impelling needle-valve 56 to rise in the empty chamber 38 of garden cylindricality along needle-valve axle 54 slides.Needle-valve 56 can rise to any ground portion that wants, up to the highest position of closing shown in the image pattern 5.When needle-valve moved to the position of wanting, valve 48 just closes to be closed, and valve 52 is opened, and so can allow the mutual balance of hydraulic pressure in stream pipe 66 and the empty chamber 38.Needle-valve 56 can move to the position of opening Fig. 4 from the position of closing shown in Figure 5 and use and above opposite step, wherein, preceding valve 52 on the little tubule 50 is closed, and the valve 48 that stream is managed on 42 is opened, and pump 54 is anti-phase extracts liquid out from empty chamber 38.When the position that needle-valve arrival is wanted, pump shuts down, and valve 48 is closed, and simultaneously valve 52 is opened.

Referring to figs. 1 through shown in Figure 6, the runner 77 of turbo machine has a vertically disposed transmission shaft 78, and several pieces turbine blade 80 usefulness welding or additive method are fixed on the axle.Shown in Fig. 5, there is a recessed garden awl mouth 79 bottom of axle 78, and it just in time combines with the cone that protrude needle-valve axle 54 upper ends.

Turbine bucket 80 (Fig. 2 A) upper limb 82 is parabolic camber line shape.Parabola cambered surface of the common formation of all blade upper limbs.Digital 84 indicate the upper limb of blade.The inner edge 86 of blade extends downwardly into lower end 88 by its upper limb with helical.The outer surface of the helical path saequential transmission moving axis 78 of blade inner edge extends downwards.Blade has a lower edge 90, and it is from the lower end 88 outside horizontal-extendings of inner edge 86.The stage casing outer rim 92 of each blade is toroidal along chute 72 surface 76 (Fig. 2) is made progress by outer lower end 90, stretches out.Digital 94 indicate low end of blade upper limb 82.

Grooved ring 95 (Fig. 2 D) is to be installed on the stage casing outer rim 92 of blade 80 with any method easily.Grooved ring 95 has a flaring surperficial 95A, and it matches with the flared surface of exporting chute 72.Grooved ring 95 has a center that opens wide.Grooved ring 95 makes blade 80 obtain reinforcing, and reduces possible leaking.Make peace the greatly length of stage casing outer rim 92 of blade 80 of the degree of depth of grooved ring 95 is similar.

Shown in Fig. 2 B, arrow 96 is indicated the radially perimeter distance of contiguous two blades, 80 upper limbs 84 of variate.Same, arrow 98 (Fig. 2 C) is indicated blade 80 lower edges 88 perimeter distance.The distance that the distance of arrow 98 representative is indicated than arrow 96 is little, thus the spatial volume between two blades adjacents increase to the upper end gradually from the bottom because upper limb 82 radial lengths 99 Fig. 2 B) than the big cause of radial length 99A (Fig. 2 C) of lower edge 90.

Exist the space 99B (Fig. 2 B and Fig. 2 C) of a wedge shape between contiguous blade 80, it is the parabola by blade upper limb 82, the surface of blade, and by the plane of blade root edge 90, and the surface of exposing to the open air between two helixes 86 on the transmission shaft forms.Therefore, one the end of to the top make progress gradually, the runner 99B that expands outwardly has just formed.

The lower end of the input shaft 30 of generator can be connected with the take-off (propeller) shaft 78 of a habitual connector 100 and turbo machine (Fig. 1).

Claims (7)

1, water turbine comprises a pedestal part that inflow port is arranged;

In pedestal inflow port above the head piece that goes out of the outside flare that makes progress is arranged, and be placed in and can allow the position of fluid from pedestal top outlet;

A vertical drive shaft and the perpendicular elongate axis that top and bottom are arranged is supported on the method for transmission shaft near liquid outlet one end;

The arc shaped blade of one group of several pieces each interval, upper rim are fixed on the transmission shaft of fluid outlet, and edge, stage casing and upwards, outwards the shape that goes out head piece of flare is symmetrical;

And one and outwards flare to go out head piece symmetrical, be fixed on edge, blade stage casing, and partly extend into out the chute ring in the head piece.

2, in the water turbine according to claim 1 machinery device, it is characterized in that this arc shaped blade has an arc inner edge that is fixed on the rotating drive shaft, it also extends to the hand of spiral at the outer surface of this transmission shaft.

3, in the water turbine machinery device according to claim 1, the lower edge radial length that it is characterized in that this blade is shorter than this upper limb, therefore the space of a wedge shape just delimited and closed between the blade at two, and limit the top in this space and limit the bottom in this space by the horizontal plane of this lower edge by parabola, the area that this space comprised with top greater than the bottom, therefore form one by the bottom to the top gradually upwards with to the liquid chunnel of external diffusion.

4, in the water turbine machinery device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this blade is positioned in the feasible liquid that makes progress from this pedestal in position of fluid outlet from the direction outflow perpendicular to the parabola shaped sphere of being delimited by the blade upper limb.

5, in the water turbine machinery device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this arc shaped blade has upper limb and lower edge, its lower edge is made the guiding angle of blade, also have one to be connected near extendible member on the blade lower edge transmission shaft and to move the angle of deflection of this extensible member and then change blade lower edge with this transmission shaft.

6, in the water turbine machinery device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that pedestal partly has the empty chamber of a garden cylindricality below fluid inlet, a vertical needle-valve is housed in this sky chamber, it can be suitably move to from the position that lower is opened mentions the position that eminence that this inflow port closes is closed with top, and below inflow port and this needle-valve, be provided with a connecting tube make this above needle-valve and below hydraulic pressure balance roughly.

7, in the water turbine machinery device according to claim 6, having it is characterized in that installing a liquid pump is connected the empty chamber below a liquid source point and this needle-valve in the intercommunication of liquid stream, and then be injected with the liquid of pressure and from this sky chamber, extract liquid out to this sky chamber respectively, make this needle-valve in this sky chamber, rise respectively and descend, cause closing and opening of inflow port respectively.

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