CN1319207C - High-energy static vanadium cell - Google Patents
High-energy static vanadium cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1319207C CN1319207C CNB021562296A CN02156229A CN1319207C CN 1319207 C CN1319207 C CN 1319207C CN B021562296 A CNB021562296 A CN B021562296A CN 02156229 A CN02156229 A CN 02156229A CN 1319207 C CN1319207 C CN 1319207C
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 shitosan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a static vanadium battery with high energy. The electrolyte of the static vanadium battery with high energy can be directly put in an electrode assembly, electrolyte pots are not needed additionally, and then the electrolyte does not need to be pumped in the electrode assembly by pumps, so the static vanadium battery is formed. The electrolyte of the static vanadium battery with high energy contains a vanadium ion stabilizing agent with a high concentration and an activating agent. The static vanadium battery with high energy has simple structure, and can be made into a rectangle shape or a cylindrical shape. The static vanadium battery with high energy has the advantages of high specific energy, simple structure, light weight, quick charge, long service life, etc. Thereby, the static vanadium battery with high energy is suitable for various moveable vehicles and ships, such as electric bicycles, electric scooters, battery carts, electric automobiles, electric ships and the like, is also suitable for some electric tools, such as electric mowers and the like, and is particularly suitable for solar energy and wind force power storing devices and communication energy storing devices.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy storage device.Particularly relate to the static vanadium cell of a kind of high energy storage capacity.With general liquid stream vanadium cell ratio, it has the specific energy height, and positive pole, negative pole electrolyte tank need not be set separately.Thereby volume is little, and is simple in structure.
Background technology
The application of liquid stream vanadium cell on large-scale energy storage device approved.Big characteristics in its design are that electrolyte is stored in the positive and negative electrolyte tank, are squeezed in the electrode plate assembly by pump again.Why large-scale energy storage vanadium cell will so design, and is because the concentration of vanadium ion in electrolyte has certain restriction, surpasses certain concentration limit, and pentavalent and divalent vanadium ion all can precipitate or separate out.So liquid stream vanadium cell, the concentration of vanadium ion in electrolyte generally all is no more than 2 mol.Under low like this concentration, in order to improve energy, have only with the amount that strengthens the electrolyte in the liquid tank and realize, thereby form electrolyte tank and electrode assemblie split, by pump electrolyte is squeezed in the electrode plate assembly again.Certainly, with pump electrolyte is squeezed into vanadium ion is fully contacted with pole plate, speed away then to increase the diffusion velocity and the activity of vanadium ion.So it is dynamic vanadium cell that liquid stream vanadium cell is also referred to as " vanadium liquid mobilization force battery ".Though available increasing liquid tank stores higher energy, to some small-sized energy storage devices, the required energy storage device of Move tool and vehicle particularly, but extremely inconvenient, so that during the last ten years, vanadium cell to large-scale energy storage device development as: hundreds of multikilowatt even MW class energy storage device.
Along with the development of motor vehicle and Move tool, increasing to the needs of the removable energy.Though a large amount of lead-acid batteries are selected, lead-acid battery weight is big, specific energy is low, can not deep discharge, the demand of shortcoming far can not the satisfy mobile energy such as the charging interval is long.On the other hand, the development of society makes human to the higher requirement of environmental protection proposition, and the pollution of heavy metal lead is very important.Though Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery are used gradually,, also be subjected to certain restriction owing to high other reason of price on the mobile energy.
China occupies the reserves of the vanadium more than 60% in the world, and just can make vanadium from anthracite and vanadium titano-magnetite, and cost is more much lower than world other countries.And vanadium cell is a kind of redox cell, leans on to such an extent that electronics, betatopic are finished charge and discharge, from producing, using recovery, does not have public hazards, meets environmental friendly principle.In China, energetically development of new, particularly specific energy height, vanadium cell simple in structure, that be applicable to the mobile energy be have far-reaching.
Be used for the mobile energy to vanadium cell, matter of utmost importance is to improve the specific energy of vanadium cell, promptly improves the concentration of vanadium ion in electrolyte.Then to find a kind of pentavalent and divalent vanadium ion of making to surpass the method that concentration limit is not still separated out.Also to design a kind of being suitable for and simple battery structure.Through development repeatedly, we have found a kind of method.Also designed a kind of being suitable for and simple battery structure.
Summary of the invention
1. method of making the static vanadium cell of high energy.A kind of pentavalent, divalent vanadium ion are overstepped the extreme limit in electrolyte method that concentration (approximately greater than 2.4 mol) can not precipitate or separate out, add some specifically that is in electrolyte and can make vanadium ion in electrolyte, overstep the extreme limit concentration and the material that do not precipitate or separate out, comprise organic substance or inorganic matter, liquid or solid.These materials comprise:
(1) ethanol, propyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, hydrazine hydrate, acetone, tartaric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid;
(2) ammonium citrate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulphate, sodium metasilicate, alumina silicate;
(3) carboxymethyl cellulose, lignin, shitosan, fructose, gelatin, silica gel, polyamide;
2. prevent vanadium ion from surpassing concentration limit and do not precipitate or the material of separating out be by in above (1), (2), (3) class at least two or more selections combine.To call this based composition in the following text is stabilizer.
3. this class stabilizer is added in anodal electrolyte and the negative pole electrolyte, can be same combination, also can be different combinations.
4. this class stabilizer amount in the vanadium ion electrolyte that adds is: 0.05% to 20%;
5. as required, this class stabilizer can make V electrolyte keep liquid, also can make V electrolyte form colloid, but can prevent that all vanadium ion from not precipitating when overstepping the extreme limit concentration or separate out.
6. this class stabilizer is applicable to that the vanadium ion concentration of electrolyte is 2 mol, to 6 mol.
7. the addition of this class stabilizer can increase and decrease with the vanadium ion molar concentration is different;
8. for making the static vanadium cell of high energy have high activity, we are provided with a kind of active additive, are formed by the DDW modulation.The amount of this active additive is no more than 1% of electrolyte total amount.
Description of drawings
The structure of the static vanadium cell of high energy is simpler.Figure of description is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a rectangular configuration, and wherein 1 shell, 2 carbon element positive plates, 3 compound bio barrier films, 4 carbon are moulded negative plate, 5 anodal electrolyte, 6 negative pole electrolyte, 7 dividing plates.
Fig. 2 is the garden column construction, and wherein 1 shell, the positive polar circle of 2 carbon elements, 3 compound bio barrier films, 4 carbon are moulded negative pole circle, 5 anodal electrolyte, 6 negative pole electrolyte.
Embodiment
1. prepare the tetravalent vanadium ion electrolyte (anodal electrolyte) and the trivalent vanadium ion electrolyte (negative pole electrolyte) of 2.8 mol earlier, put into the static vanadium cell positive and negative electrode of high energy respectively, the stabilizer that tartaric acid, ethylene glycol and hydrazine hydrate are formed again, 2% ratio in the V electrolyte total amount joins in the positive and negative electrode electrolyte, add 0.5% activator again, charge to reach 2.8 mol pentavalent vanadium ions and divalent vanadium ion electrolyte.
2. prepare the tetravalent vanadium ion electrolyte (anodal electrolyte) and the trivalent vanadium ion electrolyte (negative pole electrolyte) of 4.5 mol earlier, put into the static vanadium cell positive and negative electrode of high energy respectively, the stabilizer that to form by carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, phosphoric acid, 5% ratio in vanadium ion electrolyte total amount adds in the vanadium ion electrolyte, add 0.9% activator again, mix, static 24 hours, charge again to reach 4.5 mol pentavalent vanadium ions and divalent vanadium ion electrolyte.
Claims (2)
1. the static vanadium cell of a high energy is moulded negative plate, anodal electrolyte, negative pole electrolyte, dividing plate by shell, carbon element positive plate, compound bio barrier film, carbon and is formed, and it is characterized in that:
(1) the said anodal electrolyte tetravalent vanadium ion electrolyte that is 2.8 mol, negative pole electrolyte is the trivalent vanadium ion electrolyte of 2.8 mol, the amount of the stabilizer that adds in positive and negative electrolyte is 2% of a positive and negative electrode electrolyte total amount, said stabilizer is made up of tartaric acid, ethylene glycol and hydrazine hydrate
(2) amount that joins the activator in the positive and negative electrolyte is 0.5% of a positive and negative electrolyte total amount.
2. the static vanadium cell of a high energy is moulded negative plate, anodal electrolyte, negative pole electrolyte, dividing plate by shell, carbon element positive plate, compound bio barrier film, carbon and is formed, and it is characterized in that:
(1) the said anodal electrolyte tetravalent vanadium ion electrolyte that is 4.5 mol, negative pole electrolyte is the trivalent vanadium ion electrolyte of 4.5 mol, the amount of the stabilizer that adds in positive and negative electrolyte is 5% of a positive and negative electrode electrolyte total amount, said stabilizer is made up of carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, phosphoric acid
(2) amount that joins the activator in the positive and negative electrolyte is 0.9% of a positive and negative electrolyte total amount.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021562296A CN1319207C (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2002-12-12 | High-energy static vanadium cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021562296A CN1319207C (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2002-12-12 | High-energy static vanadium cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1507103A CN1507103A (en) | 2004-06-23 |
| CN1319207C true CN1319207C (en) | 2007-05-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021562296A Expired - Fee Related CN1319207C (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2002-12-12 | High-energy static vanadium cell |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1319207C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102763254A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-10-31 | 麻省理工学院 | High energy density redox flow device |
| US9786944B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2017-10-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High energy density redox flow device |
| US10236518B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2019-03-19 | 24M Technologies, Inc. | High energy density redox flow device |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100438190C (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2008-11-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院 | All-vanadium ion flow battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN100466349C (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2009-03-04 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for preparing all vanadium ion redox flow battery electrolyte |
| CN102637892B (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2014-12-10 | 朝阳华鼎储能技术有限公司 | Preparation method of all-vanadium-ion redox flow battery solution |
| CN104300168A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Inorganic ammonium phosphate-containing positive electrode electrolyte for whole vanadium flow battery |
| CN108270026B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2021-06-18 | 湖南汇锋高新能源有限公司 | High-energy gel static vanadium battery |
| CN109326795B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2021-05-14 | 湖南汇锋高新能源有限公司 | Positive and negative electrode and high-energy solid vanadium battery using same |
| CN110911722B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-06-15 | 大连博融新材料有限公司 | All-vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte capacity recovery agent, preparation method and application |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5368762A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-11-29 | Kashima-Kita Electric Power Corporation | Method for producing vanadium electrolytic solution |
| JPH07211346A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-08-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Manufacture of electrolyte for vanadium redox flow type battery and manufacture of vanadium redox flow type battery |
| JPH0864223A (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-03-08 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Electrolyte for vanadium redox flow type battery |
| CN1284208A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2001-02-14 | 凯米科有限责任公司 | Rebox flow battery system and cell stack |
-
2002
- 2002-12-12 CN CNB021562296A patent/CN1319207C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5368762A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1994-11-29 | Kashima-Kita Electric Power Corporation | Method for producing vanadium electrolytic solution |
| JPH07211346A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-08-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Manufacture of electrolyte for vanadium redox flow type battery and manufacture of vanadium redox flow type battery |
| JPH0864223A (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-03-08 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Electrolyte for vanadium redox flow type battery |
| CN1284208A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2001-02-14 | 凯米科有限责任公司 | Rebox flow battery system and cell stack |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 提高钒电池电解液的稳定性 许茜等，电源技术，第26卷第1期 2002 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9786944B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2017-10-10 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High energy density redox flow device |
| US10236518B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2019-03-19 | 24M Technologies, Inc. | High energy density redox flow device |
| CN102763254A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-10-31 | 麻省理工学院 | High energy density redox flow device |
| CN102763254B (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2015-07-08 | 麻省理工学院 | High energy density redox flow device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1507103A (en) | 2004-06-23 |
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