CN1319201C - 两级混合气压调节器 - Google Patents

两级混合气压调节器 Download PDF

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CN1319201C
CN1319201C CNB038192659A CN03819265A CN1319201C CN 1319201 C CN1319201 C CN 1319201C CN B038192659 A CNB038192659 A CN B038192659A CN 03819265 A CN03819265 A CN 03819265A CN 1319201 C CN1319201 C CN 1319201C
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pressure regulator
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罗纳德·J·凯利
斯蒂文·D·普拉特
西瓦库马·穆图斯瓦米
罗伯特·潘尼斯
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Google Technology Holdings LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2026—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means
    • G05D16/2033—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means with a plurality of throttling means the plurality of throttling means being arranged in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/30—Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7781—With separate connected fluid reactor surface
    • Y10T137/7793—With opening bias [e.g., pressure regulator]
    • Y10T137/7795—Multi-stage

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Abstract

气压调节器(100)包括机械式第一级(102)，其优选的包含弹簧阀；还包括电子第二级(104)，其优选的包含微电机压力调节器。机械式第一级和电子第二级的组合适用于当为低功率燃料电池系统提供燃料时，遇到的近似零流速时相对精确的低压，同时具有合理的能耗率。

Description

两级混合气压调节器
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及气压控制器和设备，更具体的，涉及适于在其中使用的两级混合气压调节器。
背景技术
机械气压调节器已经使用了多年，用于降低当气体从高压燃料源流向最终用途气体消耗设备时的气压。一种目前被应用到便携式电子装置上的气体消耗设备是便携式燃料电池。燃料电池控制着充电之间便携式电子装置扩展操作时间的希望，因为它们具有高能量密度，比常规的可充电电池高10倍。
不幸的是，用于便携式设备的燃料电池对于通用机械气体调节器可能发生某些问题。一个问题是，此种燃料电池需要在大范围供给压力上维护精确的低气压。第二个问题是，未带负荷的燃料电池可能要求近似零的气流，而调节器仍然必须维持该精确的低气压。机械式调节器不提供较好的精确度，特别是在近似零气流时。近来，开发出了能够提供燃料电池所需的精确性以及对于流动的低灵敏性的电子调节器。然而，当被用于降低标准高压燃料源到燃料电池所需的精确低压时，对于多数便携式电子应用来说，电子调节器需要较多能量。
附图说明
附随附图中，相同参考标记在各个附图中指的是相同或功能相似的元件，附图和下面的详细说明一起被结合到说明书中并形成说明书的一部分，这些附图用于进一步显示不同的实施例，并说明根据本发明的不同原理以及优点。
图1是根据本发明的示例两级混合气压调节器的框图。
图2是根据本发明的连接到供气以及电力负荷的示范性燃料电池系统的框图。
图3是根据本发明的、具有多个电子第二级的两级混合气压调节器的示范替换实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
提供本公开从而进一步以开放方式说明实现和使用根据本发明的不同实施例的最佳模式。进一步提供本公开从而增强对本发明的发明原理以及优点的理解和评价，而不是以任何方式限制本发明。本发明仅由附随的权利要求限定，包括本申请未决期间做出的任何修正、以及公布的权利要求的所有等效物。
术语“一个”，如在此使用的，定义为一个或多于一个。术语“多个”，如在此使用的，定义为两个或多于两个。术语“另一个”，如在此使用的，定义为至少第二个或更多。术语“包括”和/或“具有”，如在此使用的，定义为包含(即开放语言)。术语“连接”，如在此使用的，定义为连接，虽然不必是直接的或机械的。术语“程序”，如在此使用的，定义为设计用于在计算机系统上执行的指令序列。程序或计算机程序可包括子程序、函数、程序、对象方法、对象实现、可执行应用程序、JAVA程序、伺服程序、源代码、目标代码、共享库/动态装载库和/或其他设计用于在计算机系统上执行的指令序列。
本公开论述了一种用于调节燃料电池和其它类似设备的气体供应的设备，该设备有利的在包括近似零流速的所有期望气流速率提供必需的压力精度，同时操作在用于便携式电子应用的足够低的功率电平或能量消耗率。
参考图1，该框图显示了根据本发明的示范两级混合气压调节器100，其包括供气输入106，供气输入106连接到具有第一级输出108的机械第一级102。第一级输出108连接到具有第二级输出110的电子第二级104。机械第一级102优选的包括通用弹簧阀，例如单向阀，如由新柏林西自由巷17400，WI53146的Airtrol Components Inc.制造的R800系列调节器阀。电子第二级104优选的包括微电机(micromachined)压力调节器，其包括微电机阀和微控制器。此种微电机压力调节器的一个例子是1619Neptune Drive，San Leandro，CA94577的TiNi Alloy Company公司制造的TiNi微阀。应当理解，可将其它类似类型的机械和电子调节器阀用于机械第一级102和电子第二级104。
当被应用到燃料电池系统时，机械第一级102以及电子第二级104的组合产生了有益的结果，如下面将进一步说明的。首先，用于便携式应用设备的燃料电池要求精确受控的气压，例如用于正常操作的0.5至1.0磅/平方英寸(0.34至0.69牛顿/平方厘米)。其次，燃料电池要求甚至当近似零的气流通过调节器(当燃料电池没有电力负荷操作时会发生)时，也要精确的维持该压力。两级机械式调节器可为燃料电池在额定操作气流条件下提供充足的精确性。然而在近似零气流情况下，两极机械式调节器丧失精确度到了对于便携式应用的燃料电池来说不可接受的程度。
另一方面，电子调节器能够在近似零气流时维持足够的精确性。不幸的是，电子调节器消耗太多能量，例如，当操作在通常由已知燃料电池供气系统(诸如氢化物燃料系统)提供的高入口压力时，是一瓦特。
根据本发明的机械式第一级102和电子第二级104组合的优点是，机械式第一级102提供了从最大供给压力(例如200磅/平方英寸(138牛顿/平方厘米))到降低的中间压力级别(例如20磅/平方英寸(13.8牛顿/平方厘米))的粗调整。降低的中间压力级别允许电子第二级104操作在低得多的功率电平，例如100毫瓦，从而更适于便携式电子装置，同时维持所需的精确度。该组合的第二个优点在于，机械式第一级102不必非常精确，允许机械式第一级102使用便宜的结构，例如简单的弹簧阀或单向阀。第三个优点在于，电子第二级104可以和机械式第一级102物理分离，从而促进了超微化。例如，机械式第一级102可直接连接到储氢罐，而电子第二级104可直接连接到燃料电池。可以使用常规管材，例如铜管连接这两级。在一个实施例中，电子第二级104优选的包括连接到燃料电池通风系统(plenum)的微电机阀。
参考图2，框图200显示了根据本发明的示范燃料电池系统，它连接到气体供应206以及电力负载208。该燃料电池系统包括两级混合气压调节器100，其通过第二级输出110连接到常规气体动力(gas-powered)燃料电池202，例如在2001年7月31日授权给Kelley等的美国专利6268077以及2000年10月3日授权给Pratt等的美国专利6127058中说明的燃料电池或燃料电池系统之一，在此上述专利都转让给相同受让人。应当理解，也可将其它类似燃料电池用于燃料电池202。
参考图3，该框图显示了根据本发明的两级混合气压调节器的示范替换实施例300，其包括多个电子第二级302，304，306。该多个电子第二级302，304，306有利的允许对电池组或阵列中对应的多个燃料电池(未示出)进行直接、独立的气压调节，同时仅使用一个机械式第一级102。该配置还有利的将机械式第一级102与多个电子第二级302-306分离，该分离对于最佳超微化可能是必需的。虽然图3显示三个电子第二级302-306，应当理解根据本发明可使用任意数目的电子第二级。
因此，从上述公开中可以看出，本发明提供了一种用于调节为燃料电池和其它类似设备供气的设备。有利的，该设备在所有期望气流提供必要的精确性，同时对于便携式电子应用操作在非常低的功率电平。
本公开试图解释怎样制造和使用根据本发明的不同实施例，而非限制本发明真实的、期望的以及公平的范围和精神。上述说明不是穷举的，也不是将本发明限制在公开的精确形式之中。根据上述教导可以作出修改和变化。选择并描述实施例从而对本发明原理及实际应用给出最佳说明，并使本领域普通技术人员使用本发明的不同实施例以及适于期望的特定用途的不同修改。当根据公正、合法以及合理授权的权利要求的宽度来解释时，所有这些修改和改变都在附随权利要求及其等同物所确定的本发明的范围内，权利要求在本申请未决期间可能修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种两级气压调节器，包括：
用于调节气压的机械第一级；以及
耦合到所述机械第一级并且包括微电机压力调节器的电子第二级。
2.根据权利要求1的气压调节器，其中，包括微电机压力调节器的所述第二级包括微电机阀和微控制器。
3.根据权利要求1的气压调节器，其中，所述第二级和第一级是物理分离的。
4.根据权利要求1的气压调节器，进一步包括多个电子第二级。
5.根据权利要求1的气压调节器，进一步包括和第一级物理分离的多个电子第二级。
6.一种气压调节器，包括：
包括弹簧阀的机械第一级，用于调节气压；以及
耦合到所述机械第一级并且包括微电机压力调节器的电子第二级。
7.根据权利要求6的气压调节器，进一步包括包含有微电机压力调节器的多个电子第二级，该微电机压力调节器包括微电机阀和微控制器，该多个电子第二级和第一级物理分离。
8.一种便携式燃料电池系统，包括：
燃料电池；以及
两级气压调节器，其包括：
用于调节气压的机械第一级；以及
耦合到所述机械第一级并且包括微电机压力调节器的电子第二级。
9.根据权利要求8的便携式燃料电池系统，
其中，所述第一级包括弹簧阀，以及，
包括微电机压力调节器的所述第二级包括微电机阀和微控制器，所述第二级和第一级是物理分离的。
CNB038192659A 2002-08-15 2003-07-31 两级混合气压调节器 Expired - Lifetime CN1319201C (zh)

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CN1185213A (zh) * 1994-08-30 1998-06-17 谢里克斯工业有限公司 改进的两级压力调节器
WO2002037588A1 (en) * 2000-11-02 2002-05-10 International Fuel Cells, Llc Method for increasing the operational efficiency of a fuel cell power plant

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WO2004017149A3 (en) 2004-10-14
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CN1675789A (zh) 2005-09-28
WO2004017149A2 (en) 2004-02-26
AU2003265332A8 (en) 2004-03-03
US7264896B2 (en) 2007-09-04
AU2003265332A1 (en) 2004-03-03
KR20050042159A (ko) 2005-05-04

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