CN1317183C - Process for producing wet method phosphoric acid by medium low grade phosphorus mine - Google Patents
Process for producing wet method phosphoric acid by medium low grade phosphorus mine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a wet method for producing phosphoric acid by medium-grade and low-grade phosphate ores, which adopts two-stage reaction and multistage countercurrent extraction and comprises the specific steps: in the first stage reaction, in a multistage extraction tank, excessive phosphoric acid is used for decomposing phosphate ores in a countercurrent mode to generate a calcium biphosphate solution, and then a residue is removed through liquid-solid separation to obtain an extraction clear liquid; in the second stage reaction, in a reaction tank, the extraction clear solution reacts with sulfuric acid to generate calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals and a phosphoric acid solution, and through liquid-solid separation, phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum in the filtering stage are obtained; most of the phosphoric acid in the filtering stage is returned and used for decomposing the phosphate ores, and a small part of the phosphoric acid is output as finished products. The method directly produces the phosphoric acid with the medium-grade and low-grade phosphate ores, has high yield of the phosphoric acid, and has a certain inhibiting effect on extraction rate of impurities in the ores, and the method does not generate calcium sulfate wrapping films passivating reaction, can separate the residue from the phosphogypsum, and obtain high-quality phosphogypsum. The comprehensive utilization way is wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the phosphoric acid production field, relate to a kind of processing method of utilizing mid low grade phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid by wet process.
Background technology
Phosphoric acid by wet process is the basic intermediates of multiple fertile industry of phosphorus and phosphate industry, has important status, is in great demand.Domestic and international at present production phosphoric acid all is to use the higher-grade phosphorus ore, and (grade for phosphorus ore does not have strict standard at present, and the insider is divided into traditionally: higher-grade: P
2O
5〉=30%, middle grade: 24%≤P
2O
5＜30%, low-grade: P
2O
5＜24%.Company standard is given for the phosphorus ore of wet processes and answers 〉=28%P
2O
5), along with the exploitation of phosphorus ore rich ore is petered out, production cost increases gradually, and the utilization of mid low grade phosphate rock attracts much attention.
The Wet-process Phosphoric Acid Production method has two water laws, half water law etc.Traditional phosphoric acid production method is phosphorus ore and sulfuric acid to be added extraction tank (circle, circular concentric, the many cells of rectangle an etc.) step simultaneously make the slip that contains phosphoric acid and terra alba, filters with vacuum filter and obtains filtration grade phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum.The characteristics of mid low grade phosphate rock one of are to be that acid non-soluble substance impurity (A, I) content is high especially, and it almost all enters in the phosphogypsum when generating phosphoric acid with traditional phosphoric acid production method, and the phosphogypsum quality is reduced greatly, cause its comprehensive utilization difficulty.And owing to foreign matter content height in the mid low grade phosphate rock, it is low that phosphorus ore resolution ratio appears in regular meeting, generates the calcium sulfate parcel and make the reaction passivation, generates calcium hydrophosphate crystal and make P
2O
5Loss increases, and bad being difficult to of crystal of calcium sulfate separated problems such as finished product phosphoric acid quality difference.
Patent 9110859.7 " tower Wet-process Phosphoric Acid Production method and apparatus " mentions that also its method can be the raw material production phosphoric acid by wet process with the mid low grade phosphate rock, but its used phosphorus ore grade P
2O
5〉=25%, grade phosphorus mine standard in reaching substantially, and this method adopts three-step reaction: the first step generates Ca (H
2PO
4)
2, second step generated H
3PO
4And CaSO
4H
2O, the 3rd step was converted into CaSO
42H
2O; Extraction process adopts tempering tank+single-stage extraction tower, transforms with extraction to finish in same tower, and residue is sneaked in the phosphogypsum, and filter acid concentration is 32%.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at China's higher-grade phosphorus ore rareness and the more relatively reality of mid low grade phosphate rock, but there are many shortcomings in traditional phosphoric acid production method when adopting mid low grade phosphate rock, so grade phosphorus mine quality of production finished product phosphoric acid and obtain the method for high-quality byproduct phosphogypsum preferably in a kind of can directly utilization of proposition.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical measures:
The method of low-grade production phosphoric acid by wet process in a kind of the utilization, its technical process comprises that phosphorus ore decomposes, the biphosphate calcium solution extracts systems engineering Technologies such as (extraction), slurry filtration separation, monocalcium phosphate conversion, terra alba crystallization and phosphoric acid extraction, washing tail gas, acid storage, the characteristics of this method are to adopt " two-stage reaction, multi-stage counter current extraction " new technological process to produce phosphoric acid by wet process, and wherein two-stage reaction is:
First section reaction be in the multi-stage solvent extraction groove with excessive phosphoric acid adverse current decomposing medium and low grade, generate the biphosphate calcium solution, remove residue through liquid-solid separation and obtain extracting clear liquid;
Second section reaction is will extract clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction in reactive tank, generates terra alba crystallization and phosphoric acid solution, obtains filtration grade phosphoric acid and byproduct---phosphogypsum through liquid-solid separation; Filtration grade phosphoric acid major part is returned extraction tank and is used for decomposing phosphate rock, and small portion is exported as finished product.
Below introduce concrete grammar of the present invention in detail:
1, the first step is gone decomposing medium and low grade with phosphoric acid earlier with reflux type in the multi-stage solvent extraction groove, generates the biphosphate calcium solution, removes residue through liquid-solid separation and makes the extraction clear liquid.
Its main chemical reactions is:
The P of mid low grade phosphate rock
2O
5Content 18～26wt%, MgO≤2.0wt%, Fe
2O
3+ Al
2O
3≤ 3.5wt% is 18～24wt%P with concentration
2O
5During phosphorolytic cleavage, liquid-solid ratio=13～21 in the extraction slip, 60～95 ℃ of temperature of reaction, total reaction time 2～4h.
Ca (the H that reaction generates
2PO
4)
2(with concentration is 18～24wt%P in the condition of being controlled
2O
5During phosphorolytic cleavage, liquid-solid ratio=13～21 in the extraction slip, 60～95 ℃ of temperature of reaction, total reaction time is a liquid phase 2～4h) times, can not form crystallization and cause P
2O
5Loss.The SO that rephosphorization acid is brought into
4 2-Can generate a spot of CaSO
42H
2The O crystallization does not make phosphorus ore decompose passivation but can not form fine and closely woven wrap film.With the phosphorolytic cleavage phosphorus ore than using sulfuric acid decomposing phosphate rock, Fe
2O
3And Al
2O
3Decomposition can decrease, thereby can improve the quality of finished product phosphoric acid.
Adopt multi-stage counter current extraction can improve the reaction impellent, help improving speed of response and the degree that reacts completely.
2, second step extraction clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction in reactive tank, generate terra alba crystallization and phosphoric acid solution, obtain filtration grade phosphoric acid and byproduct---phosphogypsum through liquid-solid separation, most of phosphoric acid (accounting for the 80-90% of total amount) returns extraction tank with washing lotion and is used for decomposing phosphate rock, and small portion phosphoric acid (accounting for the 10-20% of total amount) is exported as finished product.
Its main chemical reactions is:
When extraction clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction made the biphosphate calcium solution be converted into the terra alba crystallization, the sulfuric acid consumption transformed liquid-solid ratio=15～20 in the slip, 60～85 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2～4h for pressing 103～108% of reaction formula stoichiometric quantity.Phosphoric acid concentration 20～24wt%P
2O
5
The reaction of second step is liquid-liquid phase reaction, and the generalized case reaction is carried out easily and reacted more complete.The problem that traditional method occurs usually is: react inhomogeneous regional area and can generate citric soluble CaHPO
4Crystallization is discharged with phosphogypsum when filtering and is caused P
2O
5Loss.This process using has many lattice conversion tank of overfall function, can create the different condition of crystallization and growing the grain, controls lower Ca
2+And SO
4 2+The ion degree of supersaturation reduces CaHPO as far as possible
4The eutectic loss, and help generating neat thick CaSO
42H
2The O crystallization, the strainability of raising slip.
3, in order to realize that multi-stage solvent extraction just need carry out multistage liquid-solid separation, also have residue to separate in addition and separate with phosphogypsum, their common feature is that the slip solid content is little and inventory is big, handles acquiring a certain degree of difficulty in engineering design.The mode that liquid-solid isolating method adopts centrifugal settling and vacuum filtration to combine in this technology can be dealt with problems effectively.Centrifugal settling and vacuum filtration separately independently technology be those of ordinary skills' known technologies.
4, phosphorus ore decomposes and the monocalcium phosphate conversion process has fluoro-gas and (contains SiF
4, HF, water vapor, acid mist etc.) overflow, must be handled during suitability for industrialized production.This process using has the mature technology washing gas now, can guarantee that discharging tail gas meets environmental protection requirement, recyclable utilization of gained fluorine containing waste water or treated back up to standard discharging.
The counter current multi-stage extraction groove that this technology adopts ladder to arrange when extraction; Adopt conversion tank during conversion with overfall function.
The filter acid that this method obtains is a dilute phosphoric acid, and filtration grade phosphoric acid is finished product phosphoric acid usually, then need be if obtain strong phosphoric acid through concentrating, and this moment, finished acid was a strong phosphoric acid.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, can use mid low grade phosphate rock, enlarge the phosphorus ore source of supply, alleviate the higher-grade phosphorus ore supply problem of petering out.
2, directly use mid low grade phosphate rock to simplify or save the phosphorus ore enrichment process fully, can reduce the wasting of resources, reduce the cost of raw material phosphorus ore.
3, the transformation efficiency and the P of the phosphorus ore percentage extraction of this technology, monocalcium phosphate
2O
5All higher (the P of the rate of recovery
2O
5Percentage extraction 〉=97%, P
2O
5Transformation efficiency 〉=95%, phosphoric acid concentration 20～24%P
2O
5), good when using mid low grade phosphate rock than traditional method.
4, the characteristics of mid low grade phosphate rock one of are to be that acid non-soluble substance impurity (A, I) content is high especially, and it almost all enters in the phosphogypsum when generating phosphoric acid with traditional method, and the phosphogypsum quality is reduced greatly, cause its comprehensive utilization difficulty.This technology is separated extraction residue and phosphogypsum, does not mix mutually each other, and acid non-soluble substance all enters residue and discharges separately.Therefore, the purity of phosphogypsum improves greatly, can obtain the snow-white byproduct phosphogypsum of more purified outward appearance, for utmost point advantageous conditions has been created in its comprehensive utilization.
5, can suppress Fe in the phosphorus ore to a certain extent
2O
3, Al
2O
3The percentage extraction of impurity increases the quality of finished product phosphoric acid.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Wherein: 1, extraction tank 2, centrifugal settler 3, vacuum filter 4, reactive tank (conversion tank).
Embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Adopting this Technology is that raw material carries out 80,000 tons of/year P with Sichuan Cheng Yuan company mid low grade phosphate rock (composition sees Table 1)
2O
5The long run test of suitability for industrialized production phosphoric acid has obtained the better result of expection.
Concrete technical process is: mid low grade phosphate rock is added in multistage (3 grades) counter-current extraction groove 1 of ladder arrangement, adding excessive concentration is 21.5%P
2O
5(WT) phosphoric acid adverse current decomposing phosphate rock, liquid-solid ratio=16.2 in the extraction slip, 75 ℃ of temperature of reaction, total reaction time 3h, generate the biphosphate calcium solution, adopting the mode that centrifugal settling and vacuum filtration combine (centrifugal settler 2 adopts hydrocyclones, and vacuum filter 3 adopts the turntable type vacuum filters, down with) to carry out liquid-solid separation removes residue and obtains extracting clear liquid; To extract clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction in the reactive tank 4 with overfall function, the sulfuric acid consumption is 104% of a stoichiometric quantity, and control transforms liquid-solid ratio=17 in the slip, 75 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 3h, phosphoric acid concentration 21.5%P
2O
5, generate terra alba crystallization and phosphoric acid solution, adopt centrifugal settling to carry out obtaining filtration grade phosphoric acid and byproduct phosphogypsum liquid-solid the separation with the mode that vacuum filtration combines; Filtration grade phosphoric acid 80% returns extraction tank and is used for decomposing phosphate rock (rephosphorization acid composition sees Table 1), and 20% as finished product output (finished product phosphoric acid also can further be condensed into strong phosphoric acid).Adopt Venturi scrubber and whirlwind tower system water washing gas (prior art) to guarantee that discharging tail gas meets environmental protection requirement, recyclable utilization of gained fluorine containing waste water or treated back up to standard discharging.
Table 1
| P 2O 5 | CaO | MgO | Fe 2O 3 | Al 2O 3 | A、I | |
| Phosphorus ore is formed (wt%) | 21.56 | 30.81 | 0.49 | 0.42 | 0.77 | 42.2 |
| (wt%) formed in rephosphorization acid | 21.50 | 0.39 | 0.76 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.017(SO 3) |
The relevant effect of embodiment 1:
During extraction, P
2O
5Percentage extraction 97.16%, Al
2O
3Percentage extraction 29.0%, Fe
2O
3Percentage extraction 87.3%, P in the residue
2O
5Washing rate 95.93%; Ca (H
2PO
4)
2Be converted into H
3PO
4Transformation efficiency 95.22%, P in the gypsum
2O
5Washing rate 99.49%; Phosphogypsum intensity filter 350～400kg (dried slag)/m
2H.
Also estimate initial cost and production cost in addition, economic benefit of enterprises is proved, its main result is as follows:
1, the plant area area is 1.5 hectares
2, plant personnel required 62 people
3, plant investment estimation: unit (ten thousand yuan)
Equipment is installed construction work, and other amount to
3886.8 1449 1685.47 1934.49 8955.76
4, production cost estimation (factory cost) 2876.6 yuan/tP
2O
5
5, static economy benefit (being processed as S-NPK (sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer) certainly) by phosphoric acid
Gross profit: 4581.22 ten thousand yuan/year;
Net profit: 3069.417 ten thousand yuan/year;
Annual earnings: 3666.467 ten thousand yuan/year;
After-tax profit and tax investment ratio: 34.27%;
Annualized return: 40.94%;
Pay back period of investment: 2.443.
Embodiment 2
Adopting this Technology is the better result that small-sized long run test that raw material carries out 1000 tons of/year suitability for industrialized production phosphoric acid has obtained expection with Yichang mid low grade phosphate rock (composition sees Table 2).
Concrete technical process is: mid low grade phosphate rock is added in multistage (3 grades) counter-current extraction groove 1 of ladder arrangement, adding excessive concentration is 22%P
2O
5(WT) phosphoric acid adverse current decomposing phosphate rock, liquid-solid ratio=16.3 in the control extraction slip, 76 ℃ of temperature of reaction, total reaction time 3.2h, generate the biphosphate calcium solution, adopt centrifugal settling and the mode that vacuum filtration combines to carry out liquid-solid the separation and remove residue and obtain extracting clear liquid; To extract clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction in having square many reaction grids groove 4 of overfall function, the sulfuric acid consumption is 104.5% of a stoichiometric quantity, and control transforms liquid-solid ratio=16.7 in the slip, 74.5 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 3h, phosphoric acid concentration 21.8%P
2O
5, generate terra alba crystallization and phosphoric acid solution, adopt centrifugal settling to carry out obtaining filtration grade phosphoric acid and byproduct phosphogypsum liquid-solid the separation with the mode that vacuum filtration combines; Filtration grade phosphoric acid 80% returns extraction tank and is used for decomposing phosphate rock (rephosphorization acid composition sees Table 2), and 20% as finished product output (finished product phosphoric acid also can further be condensed into strong phosphoric acid).Adopt Venturi scrubber and whirlwind tower system water washing gas (prior art) to guarantee that discharging tail gas meets environmental protection requirement, recyclable utilization of gained fluorine containing waste water or treated back up to standard discharging.
Table 2
| P 2O 5 | CaO | MgO | Fe 2O 3 | Al 2O 3 | A、I | |
| Phosphorus ore is formed (wt%) | 18.36 | 26.30 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.64 | 35.20 |
| (wt%) formed in rephosphorization acid | 21.80 | 0.38 | 0.59 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.020(SO 3) |
The relevant effect of embodiment 2:
During extraction, P
2O
5Percentage extraction 97.40%, Al
2O
3Percentage extraction 32.0%, Fe
2O
3Percentage extraction 86.4%, P in the residue
2O
5Washing rate 96.40%; Ca (H
2PO
4)
2Be converted into H
3PO
4Transformation efficiency 96.10%, P in the gypsum
2O
5Washing rate 99.38%; Phosphogypsum intensity filter 330～410kg (dried slag)/m
2H.
Claims (6)
1, utilize mid low grade phosphate rock to produce the method for phosphoric acid by wet process, comprise phosphorus ore decomposition, extraction, slurry filtration separation, washing tail gas and sour storage process, it is characterized in that adopting " two-stage reaction, multi-stage counter current extraction " flow process to produce phosphoric acid, concrete steps are as follows:
First section reaction be in the multi-stage solvent extraction groove with excessive phosphoric acid adverse current decomposing medium and low grade, generate the biphosphate calcium solution, remove residue through liquid-solid separation and obtain extracting clear liquid;
Second section reaction is will extract clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction in reactive tank, generates terra alba crystallization and phosphoric acid solution, obtains filtration grade phosphoric acid and byproduct phosphogypsum through liquid-solid separation; Filtration grade phosphoric acid major part is returned extraction tank and is used for decomposing phosphate rock, and small portion is exported as finished product.
2, according to the described method of utilizing mid low grade phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid of claim 1, it is characterized in that the quality of mid low grade phosphate rock is: P
2O
5Content 18～26wt%, MgO≤2.0wt%, Fe
2O
3+ Al
2O
3≤ 3.5wt%.
3, according to the described method of utilizing mid low grade phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid of claim 1, processing condition are when it is characterized in that extracting: with concentration is 18～24wt%P
2O
5Phosphorolytic cleavage the time, the extraction slip in liquid-solid ratio=13～21,60～95 ℃ of temperature of reaction, total reaction time 2～4h.
4, according to the described method of utilizing mid low grade phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid of claim 1, when it is characterized in that extracting clear liquid and sulfuric acid reaction and making the biphosphate calcium solution be converted into the terra alba crystallization, the sulfuric acid consumption is 103～108% of a stoichiometric quantity, transform liquid-solid ratio=15～20 in the slip, 60～85 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 2～4h, phosphoric acid concentration 20～24wt%P
2O
5
5, according to the described method of utilizing mid low grade phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid of claim 1, the counter current multi-stage extraction groove that adopts ladder to arrange when it is characterized in that extracting; Adopt conversion tank during conversion with overfall function.
6, according to the described method of utilizing mid low grade phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid of claim 1, it is characterized in that the isolation technique that liquid-solid separation adopts centrifugal settling and vacuum filtration to combine.
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