CN1311602C - Multiple communications protocols in a protective relay - Google Patents
Multiple communications protocols in a protective relay Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1311602C CN1311602C CNB008005621A CN00800562A CN1311602C CN 1311602 C CN1311602 C CN 1311602C CN B008005621 A CNB008005621 A CN B008005621A CN 00800562 A CN00800562 A CN 00800562A CN 1311602 C CN1311602 C CN 1311602C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- relay
- communication
- information
- protocol
- protection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
A protective relay and power system protection method which incorporates multiple user-selectable communications protocols over multiple communications ports. The relay can support multiple communications protocols over a single communications port, and can support simultaneous formatting and communication over multiple communications ports using different protocols. By supporting a full array of communication protocols in each relay, protective control functionality is enhanced.
Description
Background of invention
The present invention is about the digital protective relay of electric power distribution system and protection control substantially.More precisely, the invention relates to the digital protective relay of communication capacity.
The intelligent protection relay comprises the digital microprocessor that is used to electric power distribution system that protection control is provided.Some digital protective relay has communication function.But these communication functions are normally relatively limited, and it may comprise that for example, one is passed through RS485 in data link layer UART, application layer protocol such as the ModusRTU or the ASCII of RS232 or the communication of other optical fiber physical layer interfaces.The numerical protection agreement that typically has communication function is only supported an application layer communication protocol, even this relay comprises a plurality of communication port.
U.S.Patent 5,680, and 324 disclose the communication processor of electric power substation.This communication processor comprises that has 17 independent communication ports, 4 quadrature UART equipment that are respectively applied for 4 ports, with a control program by storage, the electronic network system of the processing that order is provided with and command logic is controlled and the microprocessor of control data flow process.Relay, instrument, or other smart machines are connected to certain port and RTU (remote terminal unit), regional computer, and perhaps a demodulator is connected on the master port.Communication processor has the ability of getting in touch with various port equipment with the ASCII communication format.Processor can be supported a plurality of equipment and user's synchronous communication.Yet processor is one and protection relay, and instrument separates and the different communication equipments of concentrating with other port devices.Therefore, ' 324 patents do not lay particular emphasis on the communication capacity of relay or the setting of other ports.
For the further effectiveness that strengthens digital protective relay, and provide the more fully protection control of electric power distribution system, just need the communication capacity of improvement digital protective relay.More precisely, be that the protection relay of supporting a plurality of communication protocols and a plurality of communication network patterns will be arranged.Protection relay also should be at dissimilar communications network systems, concurrent communication and by same communication port exchanging in proper order in different agreements in the local area network (LAN) (LANs) as everyone knows, wide area network (WANs) and the Internet (Internet).Relay is also assented family allowable and is selected agreement or communication pattern.Known protection relay can not satisfy these demands fully.
The invention summary
The present invention has overcome the problems referred to above; and have other advantages; by the protection relay that relay is connected to the connection of electric distribution system that provides to comprise operability; have at least a communication port to be used for of the interchange of relay information at communication network; treatment circuit is monitored electric distribution system by connecting; wherein treatment circuit provides protection control for electric distribution system; be created in the relay information that exchanges in the communication protocol, and a relay information format in a plurality of communication protocols.Communication network can be LAN, WAN, Internet, perhaps other suitable networks.Communication protocol can be selected by the user, and relay can use different communication protocol to exchange on the communication port of separating simultaneously, and continuous interchange on a single communication port.
By the communication capacity of great reinforcing relay, the present invention can be electric power distribution system more advanced protection control is provided.
The accompanying drawing summary
By conjunction with figs. and the reading of hereinafter describing in detail can more fully understand performance of the present invention and advantage, the element of same reference number TYP, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows is the schematic diagram of the communication protocol supported of some industrial communication system;
What Fig. 2 showed is some schematic diagram based on the communication protocol of the communication system support of Profibus;
What Fig. 3 showed is some communication protocol schematic diagram of supporting based on the communication system of Ethernet;
What Fig. 4 showed is the schematic diagram of the present invention to the support of 7 layers of communication protocols;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram according to the relay of one embodiment of the present of invention support Fig. 4 communication pattern;
Fig. 6 is an exemplary exploded of showing traffic class and subclassification;
Fig. 7 shows the protocol hierarchy schematic diagram of demonstrating in the relay;
Fig. 8 shows is schematic diagram in the flow process situation of the middle-and-high-ranking data of relay communication subsystem of Fig. 5; And
What Fig. 9 showed is the detailed maps of the inter-process assembly of Fig. 5 relay.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
With reference to Fig. 1, showed the protocol stack or the communication pattern of an industrial communication system.This known system is supported application layer protocol, as Modbus or DNP3.0, and a data link layer protocol, as UART (with 8, position of rest, and do not have check digit) and a physical layer protocol, as RS232, RS485 or optical fiber communication.As shown in Figure 1, the general communication system (presentation layer, dialogue layer, transport layer, network layer) in the remaining layer of seven layers of OSI pattern of ISO is not to be performed or unwanted in typical industrial communication system.
Fig. 2 shows is communication pattern based on the communication system of Profibus.This system supports the application layer protocol in FMS or the DP form, data link layer protocol FDL and a physical layer protocol RS485 that a kind of chip of producing by Siemens Company is realized.The Profibus system also supports LLI agreement (being used for presentation layer and dialogue layer) and FMA agreement (being used for transport layer and network layer).
The protocol stack of traditional Ethernet (Ethernet) communication system (both according to the IEEE802.3 standard) that shown in Figure 3 is.Protocol stack comprises the application layer protocol as Modbus or DNP3.0, according to data link layer protocol and physical layer protocol according to IEEE 802.3 standards (or 10BaseT/5/2/FL) of IEEE 802.2 standards (or CSMA/CD).Transport layer and network layer be by TCP/IP or udp protocol support, and in the system based on Ethernet being does not need or carry out presentation layer and dialogue layer.
Example shown in Fig. 1-3 does not support that in all layers of the OSI7 of ISO layer network pattern the communication format of separating is more satisfactory.With reference now to Fig. 4,, showed protocol stack according to a relay of one embodiment of the present of invention.Protocol stack comprises application layer form MMS, and presentation layer form RFC1006 represents, dialogue layer form RFC1006 dialogue, transport layer form TP4 and network layer form CLNP, data link layer IEEE 802.3 standards.By supporting whole seven layers of ISO/OSI pattern, the communication potential of each protection relay also has the protection controlled function of networked relay all to be significantly increased.
What Fig. 5 showed is the frame diagram that is fit to the demonstration relay of communicating by letter shown in Figure 4 in any one or more agreements.Relay 10 comprises the connection 12 of the connection relay of an operability to electric distribution system 14.Relay 10 comprises that also one or several transmits the communication port 16 of relay information (as monitored electric current and voltage parameter, or other electric power system datas) by communication network 18.Communication network 18 is a peer-to-peer communications network preferably, can also use other suitable communication networks.Relay 10 also comprise one for suit the requirements sequencing microprocessor 20; be used to monitor various parameters by connecting the 12 electric distribution systems that produce; provide electric distribution system 14 (as; operate a contactor or implement other protection behaviors) protection control, produce the relay information that also format is transmitted by communication network 18.Microprocessor any one relay information format in a plurality of communication protocols of determining in Fig. 4.
Microprocessor further by suitable programming so that execution concurrence communication on identical or different communication channel; That is to say, microprocessor 20 can: 1) formatted data is used for the several data form can being selected by the user in the separately transmission of communication port; 2) by the Format Type between identification and the district office's receipts data, receive data on the single communication port in a plurality of data formats; Identical or the several data form of synchronous use transmits or receives data on a plurality of communication port.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it has realized the support of 20 pairs of ICP/IP protocol of microprocessor.The data that this well-known agreement is used for Internet transmit, and the support to ICP/IP protocol in each relay allows any relay relevant with electric power distribution system that the device access of Internet communication capacity can be arranged.What thus, the data of electric power system can be long-range receives in any or all of protection relay relevant with electric power distribution system.In addition, the setting of each relay and operation also can lean on any Internet communication equipment remotely to adjust.Just, the communication network among Fig. 5 18 comprises Internet.For the integrality of network, security firewall (as the setting of discerning of cryptoguard) can be carried out the undelegated change that prevents relay setting and operation in the relay processor.
The port one 6 of Fig. 5 is configurable, by processor 20, comes independently or the synchronous different communication protocol of support, and stack, physical layer interface is as Ethernet or RS485.Processor 20 supervisory communications port ones 6 also can make Ethernet (as UDP Datagram socket, TCP socket) go up different transfer mechanisms and be virtualized and make them can be regarded as physical port, allow asynchronous serial protocol to operate on Ethernet.
According to the example that Fig. 6 shows, relay communication can be carried out by the classification of two basic class Com_Port and Com_Application.Simultaneously, each of these classes is instantaneous is selected to carry on an agreement by processor 20.
Com_Port is categorized as specific serial hardware definition physical layer requirement, or " virtual " serial port (as TCP or UDP master port).Interface to the Com_Port class generally meets RFC 1006 standards, and records and narrates in being entitled as " ISO Transport Service on Top of theTCP " literary composition, and its complete expression is contained in this as a reference.This part document definition the connection guiding interface of a standard support ICP/IP protocol.It also is provided with the connection of support nothing by the pattern of a processor 20.But in " virtual " serial port, have a plurality of protocol layers and carry out in Com_Port (as the TCP/IP/Ethernet of RFC 1006) lining, these protocol layers are hidden, and being embodied in user's object in front like this has been exactly a simple serial port.
The senior rank of Com_Application class definition special agreement.According to employed specific protocol, can there be several operating system interface layers in the Com_Application object, to define.
Com_Application and Com_Port class are preferably write as in software can allow Any Application to use in any port.In addition, some protocol type can be carried out as the Com_Application class that is free of attachment on the port by as being the communication information storehouse of separation that the protocol stack of oneself is arranged.
Usually, the setting of physical port 16 and initialization are finished by the Com_Port class.Each Com_Port object appends on the Com_Application object when an agreement is assigned to port.
Wherein in the process, it has just had reference for Com_Application object identification like this between two objects.Therefore the Com_Application object can be in the Com_Port class function of use, vice versa.
As shown in Figure 6, the Com_Port communication class comprises following classification:
COM_Com1Port (communication on COM1 RS 485); COM_Com2Port (communication on COM2 RS 485); COM_UdpPort (using the communication of UDP slot); COM_TcpPort (as the use TCP slot communication of in RFC 1006, recording and narrating); Comprise following classification: COM_ModbusApplication (Modbus agreement) with COM_RS232Port (on the RS232 serial port, communicating by letter) .Com_Application class; COM_DnpApplication (DNP agreement); And COM_MmsApplication (MMS (Microsoft Media Server) Protocol).
Fig. 7 shows is protocol hierarchy schematic diagram in the relay; Just, the layer of Com_Application class.Because relay 10 has two physical ports 16, microprocessor 20 can be configured to port one 6 serial port of Ethernet port or physics, and microprocessor 20 can also dispose relay on the physical port 16 that is configured according to MMS, Modbus, or DNO3.0 communication.Certainly the present invention had better not be limited in the application of special communication protocol shown in Figure 7, and principle of the present invention also can be applied in other the communication protocol.
With reference to figure 8, showed the schematic diagram that high-level data flows into and flows out in the communication subsystem of relay shown in Figure 5.Process in this schematic diagram is further decomposed in the part that meets with basic class (Com_Application and Com_Port), also can decompose in other parts of classification.In the data flow table of Fig. 8, " event signal " stream can comprise following signal specific: Rx Frame signal, and Tx Done signal, timeout signal and is connected signal.
With reference to Fig. 9, showed the detailed diagram of the internal processing unit of Fig. 5 relay.This relay from current transformer and voltage transformer input 22, receive current transformer and transformer sampling (, as each electric power system circulation 64 sampling are arranged).These sampling are processed in digital signal processor 24, and carry out the principle of electric power system parameter and calculate, as phasor, frequency, RMS numerical value, or the like, be used for carrying out the acquisition and the calibration of electric current and voltage signal.DSP24 and microprocessor 20 exchange various data (can be in one implementation, to be PowerPC), as the DSP firmware, configuration data, sampling and maintenance data, the oscillographic method sampling, etc.Processor 20 is relevant electric power system, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and metering, logout, oscillographic method and other suitable functions provide protection and control.
Microprocessor 20 provides digital output data for digital follower 26, and receives digital input data from digital loader 28.Microprocessor 20 is further received such as those synchronizing signals according to the IRIG-B standard from time-code generator 30, PC or Supervised Control and data-acquisition system (SCADA) 30 by RS485 or an Ethernet communication port 16 and an outside communicate with Modbus or DNP agreement.Long-range input/output module can be connected to communication network by other protection relay.
Relay 20 also comprises a user interface panel processor 36 and passes through input keyboard 38 receiving subscriber datas, and user data is offered microprocessor 20.User interface panel processor 36 also receives from microprocessor 20 and shows and LED control data and data are shown to the user by LEDs 38 and numeral demonstration 40.
Although foregoing has comprised a lot of details, they only are used for illustrating, rather than limit to scope of the present invention.More than the special example of Zhan Shiing can be made various modifications under the situation that does not depart from the scope and spirit of the present invention, and is described as following claim and legitimate claim thereof.
Claims (24)
1. protection relay comprises:
Be operatively connected the connection of relay to an electric distribution system;
At least one transmits the communication port of relay information on communication network; With
Treatment circuit is supervised electric distribution system by connecting, and protection control is provided in electric distribution system, and the relay information that generation will transmit on communication network is used to select to be applied to the device of the communication protocol on the described relay information; And
Treatment circuit formats relay information according to an agreement in a plurality of communication protocols.
2. the protection relay of claim 1, wherein communication network comprises Local Area Network.
3. the protection relay of claim 1, wherein communication network comprises wide area network (WAN).
4. the protection relay of claim 1, wherein communication protocol is ICP/IP protocol.
5. the protection relay of claim 4, wherein communication network comprises the Internet.
6. the protection relay of claim 1 wherein has two communication port at least, and its repeat circuit exchanges relay information simultaneously at least two communication port.
7. the protection relay of claim 6 is wherein formatted according to different communication protocol in the cocommutative relay information of each communication port.
8. the protection relay of claim 1, wherein treatment circuit uses different communication protocol to exchange relay information on one of described at least one communication port.
9. the protection relay of claim 1, wherein treatment circuit allows the user to select one or more in a plurality of communication protocols.
10. one kind is used for information is sent to the method for remote equipment from protection relay in communication network, comprises step:
In protection relay, produce relay information;
Select at least one will be applied to communication protocol on the described relay information;
In the communication protocol of selecting according to the user each formats relay information; With
In the agreement of selecting according to the user via the one or more communication port in the protection relay on communication network each is come sending filter information.
11. the method for claim 10 further comprises step:
By one or more communication port receiving relay information from communication network;
Determine the communication protocol of institute's receiving relay information; With
According to the relay information operating of receiving.
12. the method for claim 10, wherein a plurality of at user option communication protocols comprise ICP/IP protocol.
13. the method for claim 10, wherein communication network comprises the Internet.
14. the method for claim 10, wherein communication network comprises Local Area Network.
15. the method for claim 10, wherein communication network comprises wide area network (WAN).
16. the method for claim 10, wherein forwarding step is finished by while sending filter information on the different communication port.
17. the method for claim 16 wherein gives the relay information of different communication port formatted according at user option different communication protocol.
18. a protection relay comprises:
Be placed in the connection on the protection relay, these connect the permission relay and are operationally connected to electric distribution system;
Can be connected at least one communication port on the digital communications network, this communication port is transmission relqy information on digital communications network;
Be included in the treatment circuit in the protection relay; this treatment circuit is programmed by connecting monitoring and providing the protection of electric distribution system is controlled; so that produce relay information; be used to select at least one to be applied to the device of the communication protocol on the described relay information, and format relay information according to one in a plurality of communication protocols.
19. the protection relay of claim 18, one in wherein a plurality of communication protocols is ICP/IP protocol.
20. the protection relay of claim 18 wherein has two communication port at least, and its repeat circuit exchanges relay information simultaneously at least two communication port.
21. the protection relay of claim 20 is wherein formatted according to different communication protocol in each cocommutative relay information of at least two communication port.
22. one kind is used for information is sent to the method for remote equipment from protection relay in communication network, comprises step:
Produce the relay information of one or several parameter of the indication electric distribution network relevant with protection relay;
Select at least one will be applied to communication protocol on the described relay information;
According to each the format relay information in the communication protocol of user's selection; With
In the communication protocol of selecting according to the user at least one of a plurality of communication port that are connected to communication network each is come sending filter information.
23. the method for claim 22, wherein forwarding step is finished by transmit relay information at least simultaneously on two of a plurality of communication port.
24. the method for claim 23, wherein the relay information that sends on of at least two communication port is first data format that conforms to first communication protocol, and the relay information that wherein sends on second of at least two communication port is second the data form that conforms to second communication protocol.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11981999P | 1999-02-12 | 1999-02-12 | |
| US60/119819 | 1999-02-12 | ||
| US43713799A | 1999-11-10 | 1999-11-10 | |
| US09/437137 | 1999-11-10 | ||
| PCT/US2000/003417 WO2000048282A1 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2000-02-11 | Multiple communications protocols in a protective relay |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1302464A CN1302464A (en) | 2001-07-04 |
| CN1311602C true CN1311602C (en) | 2007-04-18 |
Family
ID=26817735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008005621A Expired - Fee Related CN1311602C (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2000-02-11 | Multiple communications protocols in a protective relay |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1072076A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002537746A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100716357B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1311602C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU773185B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0004792A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2326396A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA00009928A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL343760A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000048282A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2818454B1 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2003-02-14 | Alstom | PROTECTION FOR AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK HAVING A SHORT-DISTANCE RADIO LINK, SAID "BLUETOOTH" |
| EP2210325B1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2017-04-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for protecting, controlling or monitoring an electrical switchgear or power supply station |
| RU2514208C2 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2014-04-27 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Extended automated power supply system |
-
2000
- 2000-02-11 WO PCT/US2000/003417 patent/WO2000048282A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-11 KR KR1020007011163A patent/KR100716357B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-11 CN CNB008005621A patent/CN1311602C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-11 JP JP2000599109A patent/JP2002537746A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-11 AU AU38574/00A patent/AU773185B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-02-11 MX MXPA00009928A patent/MXPA00009928A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-11 PL PL00343760A patent/PL343760A1/en unknown
- 2000-02-11 EP EP00917624A patent/EP1072076A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-02-11 CA CA002326396A patent/CA2326396A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-11 BR BR0004792-9A patent/BR0004792A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3857400A (en) | 2000-08-29 |
| KR100716357B1 (en) | 2007-05-11 |
| CN1302464A (en) | 2001-07-04 |
| EP1072076A1 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
| AU773185B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
| KR20010042524A (en) | 2001-05-25 |
| MXPA00009928A (en) | 2003-07-14 |
| PL343760A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 |
| WO2000048282A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
| BR0004792A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
| JP2002537746A (en) | 2002-11-05 |
| CA2326396A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3301785B1 (en) | Software-defined realization method based on protection and control system for intelligent substation | |
| Clarke et al. | Practical modern SCADA protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and related systems | |
| Pigan et al. | Automating with PROFINET: Industrial communication based on Industrial Ethernet | |
| Baigent et al. | IEC 61850 communication networks and systems in substations: An overview for users | |
| US8996739B2 (en) | Electricity system configuration method and computer program for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) confirgured for dynamic or static modes via converted description file | |
| US20080080543A1 (en) | Network switch with controller i/o capability | |
| KR101083925B1 (en) | Apparatus and Method for defending against security threats, and Recording medium thereof | |
| EP2622496B1 (en) | System and method for controlling access to a plant network | |
| Lozano et al. | Digital substations and iec 61850: A primer | |
| Gonzalez et al. | Passive scanning in Modbus networks | |
| Verhappen et al. | Foundation Fieldbus | |
| CN1311602C (en) | Multiple communications protocols in a protective relay | |
| Kim et al. | A study on IEC 61850 based communication for intelligent electronic devices | |
| CN109167768A (en) | It is a kind of industry Internet of Things in industrial field data remote access and tamper resistant systems | |
| Zhang et al. | Iec 61850-communication networks and systems in substations: an overview of computer science | |
| Pruthvi et al. | Analysis of utility communication protocol IEC 61850 for substation automation systems | |
| Gupta et al. | Recent advancements in substation automation systems based on information and communication technologies | |
| Kay et al. | Basics of communication networks for electrical engineers in the forest products industries | |
| Jun-ping et al. | Substation automation high speed network communication platform based on MMS+ TCP/IP+ Ethernet | |
| CN1523832A (en) | Message mirror method for non-broadcast type port of network apparatus | |
| Apostolov | Communications in IEC 61850 based substation automation systems | |
| Adewole et al. | Substation Automation and Control | |
| Udren | IEEE (ANSI) Device Number 16–Ethernet Switches and Routers | |
| Sink | Industrial Ethernet | |
| GIRAL-RAMÍREZ | A REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN POWER SYSTEMS |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |