CN1309890A - 矮败小麦改良群体及有关技术体系 - Google Patents

矮败小麦改良群体及有关技术体系 Download PDF

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CN1309890A
CN1309890A CN 00102735 CN00102735A CN1309890A CN 1309890 A CN1309890 A CN 1309890A CN 00102735 CN00102735 CN 00102735 CN 00102735 A CN00102735 A CN 00102735A CN 1309890 A CN1309890 A CN 1309890A
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wheat
colony
recurrent selection
dwarf
male sterile
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刘秉华
王山荭
杨丽
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INST OF CROP BREEDING AND CULT
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INST OF CROP BREEDING AND CULT
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Abstract

矮败小麦改良群体及有关技术体系属作物育种技术领域。矮败小麦是理想的群体改良工具。根据轮回选择的一般原理和方法,结合矮败小麦的特点,经过反复实践,提出一套简单易行的轮回选择方法,并建立起矮败小麦改良群体。在改良群体中,抗倒性、抗病性、产量和品质等性状得到较大幅度提升,选出优良品种的几率大大增加。轮回选择的特色技术体现在基础群体组建、外界种质引入、可育株淘汰、不育株收获诸多方面。

Description

矮败小麦改良群体及有关技术体系
所属技术领域:作物育种技术
轮回选择是一种先进的育种方法,已经被玉米等异花授粉作物群体改良的实践所证实(吴兆苏,1990;刘秉华,1994)。自花授粉作物要成功地开展轮回选择,有效地进行群体改良,必须具有适宜的工具材料。雄性不育是大规模生产杂交种的工具材料,但核质互作雄性不育材料的后代,都携带有雄性不育细胞质,显然不适合用作遗传改良工具。大麦、小麦和大豆等自花授粉作物都有利用隐性核不育材料开展轮回选择的实例(Athwal,D.S.et al,1967;Ramage,R.T.,1977;Thompson,R.K.et al,1980),但由于隐性核不育后代群体中不育株达不到要求的的比例,同时不育株的异交特性不够理想,因此影响轮回选择效果的提高。太谷核不育小麦是一个显性核不育材料,后代总是有一半不育株和一半可育株(邓景扬等,1980)。前些年,利用太谷核不育小麦开展轮回选择比较普遍,近几年有所萎缩。纠其原因,主要有二:在抽穗至开花短短几天时间内识别出群体中的可育株与不育株,并作出标记,存在较大困难;轮选群体株高逐轮升高,影响轮回选择效果。
矮败小麦是有矮秆基因标记的太谷核不育小麦。在矮败小麦后代群体中,有一半矮秆不育株和一半非矮秆可育株,二者的株高差异十分明显,在起身拔节期就能够鉴别开来。矮败小麦保留了太谷核不育小麦的优点,克服了太谷核不育小麦之不足,发挥了矮变一号的特长,是理想的群体改良工具。
根据轮回选择的一般原理和方法,结合矮败小麦的特点,经过反复实践和思考,我们逐步摸索出一套简单易行的群体改良方法,并建立起矮败小麦改良群体。在矮败小麦改良群体中,抗倒性、抗病性、产量和品质等性状得到较大幅度提升,从中选出优良品种的几率大大增加。利用矮败小麦开展轮回选择(群体改良)的特色技术主要包括:选用15-20个矮败型的亲本材料组成轮回选择基础群体;通过控制授粉,持续不断地将优异种质引入群体,每轮引入的种质占群体遗传份额的10-20%;每轮淘汰不良可育株的百分比平均为5-10%;收获种子的矮秆不育株一般不少于不育株总数的50%(多在60-80%之间),选收不育株的指标是株形、丰产性、抗病性和成熟期等。
矮败小麦是我国特有的遗传资源,我们首先在国内外建立起矮败小麦改良群体及有关技术体系。矮败小麦改良群体的综合性状显著优于太谷核不育小麦轮回选择群体,同时采用的方法(技术)也方便实用,易于操作。

Claims (2)

  1. 矮败小麦是理想的群体改良工具。根据轮回选择的一般原理和方法,结合矮败小麦的特点,提出一套简单易行的轮回选择方法,并建立起矮败小麦改良群体。在改良群体内,抗倒性、抗病性、产量和品质等性状得到了较大幅度提升,从中选出优良品种的几率大大增加。利用矮败小麦开展轮回选择(群体改良)的特色技术主要包括:选用15-20个矮败型的亲本材料组成轮回选择基础群体;通过控制授粉,持续不断地将优异种质引入群体,每轮引入的种质占群体遗传份额的10-20%;每轮淘汰不良可育株的百分比平均为5-10%;收获种子的矮秆不育株一般不少于不育株总数的50%(多在60-80%之间),选收不育株的指标是株形、丰产性、抗病性和成熟期等。
    请求权利保护的范围:
    1、矮败小麦改良群体;
  2. 2、利用矮败小麦开展轮回选择的特色技术。
CN 00102735 2000-02-23 2000-02-23 矮败小麦改良群体及有关技术体系 Pending CN1309890A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100493341C (zh) * 2005-03-11 2009-06-03 中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所 一种选育小麦新品种的方法
CN103270935A (zh) * 2013-02-07 2013-09-04 马士芳 一种培育蓝色矮败小麦的方法
CN108094189A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-01 沧州市农林科学院 一种开放式聚合轮回选择育种方法
CN111084095A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-05-01 河北理查德农业科技有限公司 一种采用矮败小麦高效育种方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100493341C (zh) * 2005-03-11 2009-06-03 中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所 一种选育小麦新品种的方法
CN103270935A (zh) * 2013-02-07 2013-09-04 马士芳 一种培育蓝色矮败小麦的方法
CN108094189A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-01 沧州市农林科学院 一种开放式聚合轮回选择育种方法
CN111084095A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-05-01 河北理查德农业科技有限公司 一种采用矮败小麦高效育种方法

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