CN1308883C - Radio frequency certification communication system and searching method thereof - Google Patents

Radio frequency certification communication system and searching method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1308883C
CN1308883C CNB031482945A CN03148294A CN1308883C CN 1308883 C CN1308883 C CN 1308883C CN B031482945 A CNB031482945 A CN B031482945A CN 03148294 A CN03148294 A CN 03148294A CN 1308883 C CN1308883 C CN 1308883C
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reader
response
radio frequency
response device
communication system
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CN1567339A (en
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廖栋才
李新洲
陈务新
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Sunplus Technology Co Ltd
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Sunplus Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a radio frequency certification communication system and the searching method thereof. The system of the present invention realizes the communication between a reader and multiple responsers by searching and reading instructions between the reader and the responsers. Each responser generates a mixed value to compare the mixed value with a received searching instruction; if the mixed value is equal to the received searching instruction number, then send out response requirements; accordingly, the reader can read data in a responser sending out the response requirements.

Description

Radio frequency certificate communication system and method for searching thereof
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of radio frequency certificate communication system, refer to a kind of radio frequency certificate communication system and method for searching thereof especially.
Background technology
Fig. 1 shows radio frequency certificate (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) main element in the communication system, be respectively reader (Reader) 11 and respond device (Transponder) 12, its principle of work is that reader 11 is sent the instruction that is loaded with on carrier wave matchmaker and the carrier wave to responding device 12, after responding device 12 reception carriers, be to utilize carrier wave to come rectification to go out direct supply, and utilize its inner detuner (Demodulator) to solve instruction on the carrier wave, so that for reader being given a response (Response) or sends required data according to this instruction.
Because it is comparatively complicated that radio frequency certificate communication system is grown up fast and its application becomes, so the communication mode that tradition is two pairs can't satisfy existing application, for example a reader might communicate with a plurality of response devices, Fig. 2 shows a plurality of response devices 22,23,24,25 synoptic diagram of communicating by letter with a reader 21, when this responds device 22,23,24,25 when sending response to this reader 21 simultaneously, with making signal to each other interfere with each other, take place and produce collision (Collision) situation.
Mainly contain three class settling modes at present and prevent that the situation of colliding from producing, it is respectively three kinds of spatial mode (Spatial Domain), frequency type (Frequency Domain) and time type (Time Domain), and relevant above-mentioned settling mode please be with reference to Fig. 2.In the spatial mode settling mode, be each response device 22,23 of hypothesis, 24,25 at intervals, and utilize the space to separate each and respond device 22,23,24,25, this type settling mode is mainly used in the microwave system usually, and utilizes oriented antenna (Directional Antenna) effectively to distinguish each object, yet in the communication system of non-microwave, and be not easy design.In the frequency type settling mode, reader 21 can be responded device 22 to this at fixed frequency point (section) transmission carrier wave and instruction, 23,24,25, and should respond device 22,23,24,25 all have the frequency that plural groups can return, the specified wherein passback frequency of the instruction that itself and foundation solve sends its certificate sign indicating number that includes (ID code) to reader 21, because each responds device 22,23,24, therefore the frequencies of 25 passbacks are different, can solve the problem of collision, yet this kind design cost is high and be only limited to specific application.In the time type settling mode, be should respond device 22,23 by the mode of arranging, 24,25 efflux times are poor, make each respond device 22,23,24,25 and can transmit the data of oneself in time range separately.
In addition, the most common traditionally mode of avoiding colliding generation is to utilize poll (Polling) to search, that is utilizes roll-call mode one to one search, but this kind mode respond the device number many in, the non-constant of efficient.Therefore; the mode that mainly solves collision at present is to adopt the binary search algorithm in the time type to solve; to obtain the certificate sign indicating number that all respond device apace; or adopt random number method; promptly utilize and respond the random number of device oneself generation; and decide the time of responding the device transmission according to this unrest number; because each responds the random number difference that device produced; therefore the time of its response is also different; so as long as random number space is more a lot of greatly than responding the device number; the probability that the response device interferes with each other will significantly reduce; make the certificate sign indicating number of the response device in read range all can be read out, and, can increase the instruction of some readers usually in order to increase the reading efficiency of random number method; for example: allow the response device that correctly reads the certificate sign indicating number enter silent mode by quiet instruction, to reduce the response device quantity that reader is faced.
The operating principle of binary search method and random number method below will be described.Please be about the binary search method in the lump with reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 3 shows the search synoptic diagram of binary search method, Fig. 4 shows the communication synoptic diagram between reader 41 and the response device 42, if with four bits is example, the certificate sign indicating number of supposing the desire search is respectively 0000 and 0011, and determine lowest bit (LSB) in regular turn from higher bit (MSB), collision has then taken place when the penult bit, when reader 41 is found the situation of collision, is that the hypothesis first three bits is 000 earlier, and continue down to search, to find 0000 complete certificate sign indicating number, then, reader 41 supposes that again first three bits is 001, and continue down to search, to find 0011 complete certificate sign indicating number.Though, the binary search method is quite succinct and speed is very fast, but between reader 41 and response device 42, but need a lot of communications, make reader 41 and the switching of responding between the device 42 that the defence time (Guard Time) must be arranged, cause unnecessary mistake when avoiding switching, cause the binary search method must waste this defence time and reduce whole efficiency.
Fig. 5 shows in the random number method that each responds the response sequential chart of device, and each is responded device and all produces a random number, and reader sets a response cycle, then decides each to respond the cycle length of device by these random numbers afterwards.For example: the response cycle that reader is set is 4, be to pass once in per 4 cycles, and decide difference cycle length of transmission with random number, so make each transmitter will stagger in the transmission time, can correctly be read so that each responds certificate sign indicating number because of the transmission cycle asynchronism(-nization).In Fig. 5, the certificate sign indicating number of responding device C will be read earlier, and the certificate sign indicating number of then responding device A can be read, and being only the certificate sign indicating number of responding device B at last can be read.Though, in some random number method, be to utilize the value that random number comes and reader sets to compare, if identical, then transmit the action of certificate sign indicating number, otherwise then can not transmit the certificate sign indicating number.Yet adopt random number method can cause for some time without any responding the device back-signalling, and time point that this section period takes place and length thereof are difficult for prediction usually, and cause temporal efficient not high, all waste as the Tc1 among Fig. 5, Tc2, Tc3, Tc4, Ta2, Ta3 and Ta4 equal time.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is that a kind of radio frequency certificate communication system and method for searching thereof are being provided, so that can improve time efficiency.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of radio frequency certificate communication system and method for searching thereof are being provided, in order to do reducing reader and responding communication unnecessary between the device and the blank time shortening of switching, the unnecessary defence of minimizing time and feasible transmission.
According to a characteristic of the present invention, a kind of radio frequency certificate communication system that is provided is characterized in that, mainly comprises:
One reader is in order to producing at least one searching instruction, and this searching instruction is transmitted in the communication zone; And
A plurality of response devices, each responds utensil one first receiving element, one first delivery unit, a counting unit, a random number generation unit and one first control module, and each responds device and all have one and include data,
Wherein, when this response device enters this communication zone, each random number generation unit of responding device produces a random numerical value, then each counting unit of responding device begins to count the number of this searching instruction that its receiving element receives, to obtain a count value, in the middle of, if this count value equals this unrest numerical value, first control module that then should respond device transmits a response by this first delivery unit and requires to this reader, so that after supplying this reader to receive that this response requires, stop to transmit this searching instruction, and send at least one reading command, to read the data that includes of this response device;
In addition, respond devices and send it and respond when requiring to produce a collision when at least two to this reader, this reader stops to send this at least one reading command, then transmit plural searching instruction again, and this response device also produces a new random numerical value by its random number generation unit, and its counting unit of resetting, to carry out the search of second leg.
According to another characteristic of the present invention, the method for searching of a kind of radio frequency certificate communication system that is provided is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
One search step is to search at least one response device by plural searching instruction with a reader in a communication zone;
One responds the device setting up procedure, starts this at least one response device in this communication zone, to produce a random numerical value and to receive this searching instruction, so that for the counting searching instruction that it received, to obtain a count value;
One comparison step is compared this unrest numerical value and this count value, if this unrest numerical value equals this count value, then transmits one and responds requirement to this reader; And
One read step, send at least one reading command to this communication zone with this reader, send the data that includes that it has so that make this response device that transmits this response requirement, other response devices that do not send this response requirement then stop counting, when this response device transmits it and includes data and finish, the response device that does not send this response requirement then repeats and receives the searching instruction that this searching instruction and counting received in this response device setting up procedure, this comparison step and this read step, to read the data that includes that each responds device, when at least two response devices bump, then reader stops to send this at least one reading command immediately, and this reader continues to transmit plural searching instruction again, make this response device can produce a new random numerical value again, the New count of laying equal stress on is to continue to carry out this comparison step and this read step.
Description of drawings
For further specifying technology contents of the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is done following description, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of radio frequency certificate communication system.
Fig. 2 is the communication scheme of a plurality of response devices and a reader.
Fig. 3 is the search synoptic diagram of known binary search method.
Fig. 4 is the communication synoptic diagram of known binary search method.
Fig. 5 is each response sequential chart of responding device in the known random number method.
Fig. 6 is the system architecture synoptic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the action flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the reader of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the sequential synoptic diagram of each response device.
Embodiment
Relevant preferred embodiment of the present invention, be to be that example is illustrated with personnel gate inhibition's control system, Fig. 6 shows system architecture synoptic diagram of the present invention, it is by a reader 61 and three response devices 62,63,64 form, wherein, have main members such as delivery unit 611, control module 612 and receiving element 613 in the reader 61, all have main members such as receiving element 621, delivery unit 622, meter destiny unit 623, random number generation unit 624, comparer 625 and control module 626 in each response device 62.
In present embodiment, reader 61 is that device is in important gateway, this responds device 62,63, the 64th, the smart card of representing each personnel to be held on one's body, and all have one in each response device 62 and include data (for example: employee's number, certificate sign indicating number), the The built-in mode can store the data of including by mnemon, or represent that by the voltage that outside pin position receives it includes data, for read this response device 62 by reader 61,63,64 the data that includes is reached personnel's import and export management.
Above-mentioned reader 61 has the sensing capability of a communication zone, make the response device 62 in this communication zone can be read the response data that device 61 searched and read this response device 62, that is reader 6 is striven out a magnetic field, make the coil that will have by itself when responding device 62 enters this magnetic field respond to the generation power supply, begin to move to start response device 62.How relevant reader 61 searches this response device 62,63,64 and how to read the explanation that it includes data, will be explained orally in following.
Next, the action flow chart of the present invention that shows with reference to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 in the lump please, control module 612 in the reader 61 is to send plural searching instruction constantly to its communication zone by delivery unit 611, to search the response device 62 in its communication range, 63,64, wherein, each searching instruction is represented a time slot (Time Slot), and the time shaft so that reader 61 is continued to send this searching instruction cuts into many time slots (step S701).
If there are this moment three response devices 62,63,64 to enter this communication zone (for example: the time personnel of upper and lower class pass in and out frequently) simultaneously, then each response device 62 will be produced enough power supplys by the magnetic field in the communication zone, operate beginning.Each responds device 62 after starting its power supply, the random number generation unit 624 of its inside will produce a random numerical value earlier, for example: to respond the random numerical value that device 62 produces be 3, respond random numerical value that device 63 produces is 5 and to respond the random numerical value that device 64 produces be 5, reads sequence number (step S702) with what respond device 62 as each.
Each is responded device 62 and begins to receive searching instruction by receiving element 622, and counter 623 counted the searching instruction that it received, to obtain a count value.Then, utilize comparer 625 to judge whether count value equals random numerical value (reading sequence number), if count value equals random numerical value, the control module 626 that then should respond device 62 produces one and responds requirement (Response), and deliver to reader 61 by its delivery unit 622, for example: when the counting unit 623 of responding device 62 count down to 3, find that its count value is identical with random numerical value (reading sequence number), then respond device 62 and send response requirement (step S703).
At this moment, after the receiving element 613 of reader 61 received and responds requirement, learning had the existence of responding device 62 in its communication zone, and then the control module of reader 61 produces the reading command of at least one time slot to its communication zone (step S704).
This responds device 62,63,64 all can see the reading command that (reception) sent by reader 61, sent the response requirement owing to respond device 62, so the time reading command only effective to responding device 62, the control module 626 of therefore responding device 62 includes data with it and is sent to reader by delivery unit 622.And other response device 63,64 do not send the response requirement, so reading command is invalid for them, therefore should respond device 63,64 can will not include data transmission to reader 61, and,, make its count value all be parked in 3 state (step S705) so will suspend the counting of searching instruction because do not receive searching instruction this moment.
Responding device 62, to send the duration of the data of including be the shared time slot of reading command that sends according to reader 61 and deciding, and for example: reader 61 sends the reading command of 4 time slots, then responds device 62 and send the time of the data of including and accounted for 4 time slots.Reader 61 is being sent reading command, and begin to receive respond device 62 include data the time, whether have crash scenario produce, if the collisionless situation produces, then after receiving the data of including, carry out the data error detection if can detect.In present embodiment, the data error detection is to adopt Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) detecting, that is reader 61 will be sent predefined a certain number of reading command to this response device 62, make that responding 62 pairs of reading command that received of device is counted, if the reading command number of counting equals predefined number, then represent the crc value computing correct, promptly transmit successfully, then this response device 62 enters silent mode (step S706), so that reader 61 can attentively read the data that includes of the response device 63,64 that does not successfully read.
Then, reader 61 is sent at least one searching instruction once again to its communication zone (step S707), make to respond device 63,64 and count action once more, and its count value be by the count value of preceding time-out begin, promptly its count value all begins counting by 3.When the count value of responding device 63,64 is 5 o'clock, because its count value equals its random numerical value, so response device 63,64 is sent simultaneously to respond and is required to reader 61, makes reader 61 send reading command, include data to reader 61 in order to do sending it, promptly produce the situation of collision this moment for response device 63,64.(crc value operation mistake) takes place in the situation that detects the data mistake when reader 61, or collision is when producing, and reader 61 stops to transmit reading command, and the control module 612 of reader 61 sends searching instruction once again, makes the data transmission interrupt.Owing to respond device 63,64 do not include data transmission with it finishes, and receive searching instruction once more, therefore this response device 63,64 is learnt and is bumped or the data transmission mistake, so stop its data transmission, and produce a new random numerical value once more, for example: the random numerical value of responding device 63 generations is 0, and the random numerical value of responding device 64 generations is 2, then counter is reset (making zero), to count again.Afterwards, respond device 63,64 send the action of the data of including and above-mentioned steps S703, S704, S705 and S706 just order with, to finish the data that includes that reader 61 reads this response device 62,63,64, about reader 61 and response device 62, communication situation between 63,64 can be with reference to synoptic diagram shown in Figure 8.
If it is serious that reader 6 is striven existing crash scenario, then the control module 612 of reader 61 produces random number length instruction to its communication zone, to increase these responses. device 62,63, the space of the 64 random numerical value that produce is in order to do the probability that reduces collision.If this no response time (blank time) of responding device 62,63,64 is long, then reader 61 is sent random number length instruction and is reduced the random number space that this responses device 62,63,64 is produced, with the shortening blank time.
By above explanation as can be known, the present invention mainly utilizes two types instruction between reader and a plurality of response device, be searching instruction and reading command, reach the whole process that reads, make that responding device requires and include the data except sending to respond, do not need additionally to transmit other information, therefore the process of whole communication does not need complicated communication, and do not need any defence time, reader also can be adjusted the length of the random numerical value that random number generation unit produced and reduce blank time according to the situation of collision, the time efficiency that reads with raising.
The foregoing description only is to give an example for convenience of description, and the interest field that the present invention advocated should be as the criterion so that claim is described certainly, but not only limits to the foregoing description.

Claims (13)

1. a radio frequency certificate communication system is characterized in that, mainly comprises:
One reader is in order to producing at least one searching instruction, and this searching instruction is transmitted in the communication zone; And
A plurality of response devices, each responds utensil one first receiving element, one first delivery unit, a counting unit, a random number generation unit and one first control module, and each responds device and all have one and include data,
Wherein, when this response device enters this communication zone, each random number generation unit of responding device produces a random numerical value, then each counting unit of responding device begins to count the number of this searching instruction that its receiving element receives, to obtain a count value, in the middle of, if this count value equals this unrest numerical value, first control module that then should respond device transmits a response by this first delivery unit and requires to this reader, so that after supplying this reader to receive that this response requires, stop to transmit this searching instruction, and send at least one reading command, to read the data that includes of this response device;
In addition, respond devices and send it and respond when requiring to produce a collision when at least two to this reader, this reader stops to send this at least one reading command, then transmit plural searching instruction again, and this response device also produces a new random numerical value by its random number generation unit, and its counting unit of resetting, to carry out the search of second leg.
2. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein, each responds device is to have a comparer, so that for passing through this comparer relatively this count value and this unrest numerical value.
3. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein, this reader has one second control module, one second delivery unit and one second receiving element, this second control module is in order to produce this searching instruction and this at least one reading command, and this second delivery unit is in order to transmit this searching instruction and this at least one reading command to this communication zone.
4. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein, this response device is to start power supply by magnetic field induction, with start this first receiving element, this first delivery unit, this counting unit, generation unit is counted in this unrest and this first control module operates.
5. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein, sending this responses device that this response requires is to receive at least one reading command, and the number of this at least one reading command of foundation includes data with it and is sent to this reader by this first delivery unit.
6. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, wherein, after this forwarder is sent it and included data, is to carry out the debugging action, enters silent mode then.
7. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein, this response device that does not send this response requirement is after this reader sends these reading command, suspend the counting of its counting unit, when this reader was reissued plural searching instruction, this response device was proceeded counting by the count value of suspending.
8. radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein, this reader also produces at least one random number length instruction, so that the random numerical value bit number that supplies the random number generation unit of this response device of control to be produced.
9. the method for searching of a radio frequency certificate communication system is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
One search step is to search at least one response device by plural searching instruction with a reader in a communication zone;
One responds the device setting up procedure, starts this at least one response device in this communication zone, to produce a random numerical value and to receive this searching instruction, so that for the counting searching instruction that it received, to obtain a count value;
One comparison step is compared this unrest numerical value and this count value, if this unrest numerical value equals this count value, then transmits one and responds requirement to this reader; And
One read step, send at least one reading command to this communication zone with this reader, send the data that includes that it has so that make this response device that transmits this response requirement, other response devices that do not send this response requirement then stop counting, when this response device transmits it and includes data and finish, the response device that does not send this response requirement then repeats and receives the searching instruction that this searching instruction and counting received in this response device setting up procedure, this comparison step and this read step, to read the data that includes that each responds device, when at least two response devices bump, then reader stops to send this at least one reading command immediately, and this reader continues to transmit plural searching instruction again, make this response device can produce a new random numerical value again, the New count of laying equal stress on is to continue to carry out this comparison step and this read step.
10. the method for searching of radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, wherein, in this read step, send the response device of responding requirement and receive at least one reading command that this reader sends, then this response device is sent it according to this at least one reading command and is included data to this reader, and carries out the debugging action after transmitting end, enters silent mode then.
11. the method for searching of radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, wherein, in this read step, when this response device transmits it and includes data and finish, this reader is sent plural searching instruction again, and does not send the count value continuation counting of the response device of this response requirement by time-out, to carry out this comparison step and this read step again.
12. the method for searching of radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, wherein, when bumping or during the debugging mistake, then this at least one response device is carried out this response device setting up procedure, producing a new random numerical value, and carry out this comparison step and this read step according to this new random numerical value.
14. the method for searching of radio frequency certificate communication system as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, wherein, if the frequency that bumps surpasses a preset value, then this reader sends at least one random number length instruction to this at least one response device, to change the length of its random number.
CNB031482945A 2003-07-02 2003-07-02 Radio frequency certification communication system and searching method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN1308883C (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003022422A (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-24 Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The Reader-writer for noncontact ic card
JP2003141461A (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-16 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Ic card

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003022422A (en) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-24 Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The Reader-writer for noncontact ic card
JP2003141461A (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-16 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd Ic card

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