CN1307435C - Method and apparatus for collecting layer character by nuclear magnetic resonance measure - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for collecting layer character by nuclear magnetic resonance measure Download PDFInfo
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- CN1307435C CN1307435C CNB200310120742XA CN200310120742A CN1307435C CN 1307435 C CN1307435 C CN 1307435C CN B200310120742X A CNB200310120742X A CN B200310120742XA CN 200310120742 A CN200310120742 A CN 200310120742A CN 1307435 C CN1307435 C CN 1307435C
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Abstract
A method is provided for gathering information on the pore pressure in an earth formation surrounding a wellbore. The method includes the initial steps of selecting at least one suitable property (e.g., porosity, drilling fluid composition, etc.) of the drilling environment (which is defined by the wellbore and the surrounding formation) and at least one NMR parameter (e.g., T2 distribution) in an NMR measurement response. The method selects a suitable property for which values over a plurality of wellbore depths can be correlated with the characteristics or behavior of the pore pressure in the earth formation. The method further includes conducting an NMR measurement at a plurality of wellbore depths, thereby generating an NMR response from the drilling environment. The measured values of the NMR parameter in the NMR response are then correlated with values of the suitable property. Next, the values of the suitable property are compared over the plurality of depths, and then the correspondence between the property values is correlated with the behavior of the pore pressure over the plurality of depths. In this way, the characteristics of the pore pressure in the earth formation over the plurality of wellbore depths are determined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to and a kind ofly is used for carrying out drill-well operation on the stratum or gathers method and apparatus about the information of formation properties around the pit shaft or feature.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of like this apparatus and method, it adopts nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to measure, assess, predict or gather some character on stratum.
Background technology
In the advantageous applications of the present invention of being introduced, can from measuring, NMR draw information here about the pore pressure in the stratum around the pit shaft.This pore pressure information can play an important role in the process of drill-well operation.For example, help to optimize type and composition, the especially fluid density (" mud weight ") of used drilling fluid (being commonly referred to " mud " or " mud system ") about the knowledge of the pore pressure characteristic in the stratum.Specifically, be very important avoiding there is bigger pressure differential between mud column and the resident fluid during the drill-well operation.Excessive pressure in the mud column can cause the stratum that undesirable breaking taken place, and causes drilling fluid to lose in large quantities.On the other hand, the lower pressure in the mud column makes resident fluid enter into mud system to also it produces interference.If resident fluid arrives ground place in uncontrolled mode, be commonly referred to " blowout ", both of these case all can cause and more not wish the consequence that takes place so.
Adopted several technology to estimate pore pressure in the stratum, but its successful degree is had nothing in common with each other.For example, can adopt sound measurement and seismic surveying to transmit information about pore pressure, this is based on following principle, and promptly the speed of sound in fluid increases with the increase of pressure.The method of another kind of Estimated pore pressure is to measure the mud volume at ground pump pressure and different pressures place.In any case, do not attempt as yet or suggestion adopts the NMR measuring technique to gather information about the pore pressure in the stratum around the pit shaft.
Yet know that the nuclear magnetic resonance that carries out (NMR) is measured and can be provided about architectonic different kinds of information in pit shaft.In the past, this measurement is carried out after having got out pit shaft usually.Now, can when drilling well, carry out NMR and measure (well logging while drilling or LWD), thereby save the time and valuable real-time information about the stratum is provided when carrying out drilling well.For example, this information can indicate the relative volume of hole, the relative volume of movable fluid, the total porosity on stratum and the permeability on stratum, or the like.
Can adopt the commercially available logging tool of several types to carry out the NMR measurement.These instruments generally include one or more static magnetic field B that are used to produce
0Big permanent magnet or electromagnet, place near the antenna the stratum to be analyzed, and can conduct RF output pulses sequence in the stratum, to cause the RF magnetic field B through antenna
1Circuit.This circuit also comprises the receiver that can detect the signal that causes because of RF pulse train in antenna.Can measure the signal that caused then and it is handled, so that the information needed about formation properties to be provided.
As a rule, the NMR logging tool is tuned to and can detects the hydrogen resonance signal hydrogen resonance signal of water or hydrocarbon (for example from), and this is because proton is maximum and detected easily.In general, by being static magnetic field B
0Provide a period of time to being in basically and B
0The water on the direction of alignment and the spin proton of hydrocarbon polarize, just can be to carrying out NMR measurement with the proton related phenomena in the stratum.By applying RF pulse train to cause RF field B
1, just can change proton magnetization and static magnetic field B
0Between angle.As a rule, the pulse train that is adopted comprises a RF pulse (being driving pulse), and its intensity and duration are chosen to redirect nuclear magnetisation, make it with because of B
0And the orientation that obtains (being initial cross magnetization) forms about 90 degree.Apply a series of continuous RF pulse (i.e. counter-rotating or focusing pulse again) after the time of one section selection, the intensity of each pulse and duration are chosen to redirect the spin axis of nuclear, make it to form about 180 degree with they orientation before.Redirect the frequency (being Larmor frequency) and static magnetic field B of the required RF field of nuclear magnetisation
0Intensity be associated by gyromagnetic ratio γ, gyromagnetic ratio γ is exclusive to various isotopes.
Because in magnetic field B
0In exist inhomogeneously, the spin in the vertical plane in (x, y plane) can be lost their phase coherence usually, this can cause the fast signal decay very soon.After the RF pulse of each 180 degree, spin is reorientated, and makes them regain its phase coherence, and this makes that signal is spin echo reappearing.The measurement of the speed (being the speed that self-rotating nuclear is lost its aligning in transverse plane) of spin echo decay is called relaxation, or T
2Measure.As is known in the art, T
2Measure relevant with the chemistry and the physical property on stratum.For example, the proton in the viscous oil has the relatively short relaxation time, and the proton in the light oil has the relatively long relaxation time.Similarly, the proton in the free water has the longer relaxation time than the proton in the irreducible water (for example clay-bound water) usually.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to adopt the NMR measuring technique to gather information about the pore pressure in the stratum around the pit shaft.
In one aspect of the invention, providing a kind of is used for adopting the NMR measuring technique to gather method about the information of the pore pressure on the stratum around the pit shaft.This method comprises initial step: select drilling environment (by pit shaft and on every side the stratum constitute) at least one suitable character (for example factor of porosity, permeability, hydrogen index, drilling fluid become to grade) and at least one NMR parameter in responding of NMR measurement (T for example
2Distribute).This suitable character is chosen to its value on a plurality of mine shaft depths and can be associated with the feature or the characteristic of pore pressure in the stratum.This method also is included in a plurality of mine shaft depths place and carries out the NMR measurement, thereby produces the NMR response from drilling environment.Measured value with the NMR parameter in the NMR response is associated with the value of suitable character then.Follow the value of this suitable character on more a plurality of degree of depth, the characteristic with the pore pressure on a plurality of degree of depth of the consistance between these property value and this is associated then.So just can determine the feature of the pore pressure on a plurality of mine shaft depths in the stratum.In a modification of the inventive method, the value of selecting the NMR parameter on a plurality of degree of depth also is associated with the value of suitable character (at first to measure the characteristic of this suitable character), characteristic that then will this suitable character is associated with the characteristic of pore pressure.
In another aspect of this invention, method of the present invention comprises initial step: at least one suitable character of selecting drilling environment, make can be associated with the change of pore pressure in the stratum in the change of the suitable character of mine shaft depth at interval, and the curve map (for example passing through historical information or preliminary measurement) of this suitable character of prediction mine shaft depth at interval.In addition, select at least one NMR parameter, make the value of the NMR parameter on this depth interval to be associated with the value of suitable character on this depth interval.After the NMR measurement mechanism is provided, just drill-well operation can be begun so that begin the pit shaft that is shaped.
In drilling process, a certain degree of depth place work of NMR measurement mechanism in pit shaft produces the NMR response from drilling environment, and the NMR parameter of NMR in answering measured.By repeating this process at a plurality of mine shaft depths place and being provided at the value of the NMR parameter at these degree of depth places, just can set up the actual curve figure of this suitable character.Then the change of the pore pressure in the deviation between actual curve and the prediction curve and the stratum is associated.
In said method, some in the selected suitable character can be the character such as the compositions of the character of factor of porosity, permeability, hydrogen index, drilling fluid such as composition, resident fluid, or their combination.In an application-specific, selected suitable character is the degree of depth of fluid invasion, and the NMR surveyingpin carries out the nearly shaft area of drilling environment.
In another aspect of this invention, the present invention is a kind of method that gets out pit shaft in the stratum.The method comprising the steps of: adopt the drilling fluid with fluid composition to begin to get out pit shaft in the stratum, the pore pressure in the stratum when drilling well around the monitoring pit shaft.Monitoring step also comprises at least one suitable character of selecting drilling environment, makes the deviation of this suitable character on mine shaft depth to be associated with the change of pore pressure in the stratum.Obtain NMR then at a plurality of mine shaft depths place and measure, thereby on a plurality of mine shaft depths, produce response from the NMR around the pit shaft.Determine the characteristic of this suitable character on the mine shaft depth from this NMR response, the characteristic with the pore pressure in the characteristic of this suitable character on the mine shaft depth and the stratum is associated then.
In another aspect of this invention, providing a kind of is used for adopting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement to gather system about the information of the pore pressure on the stratum around the pit shaft, wherein pit shaft and on every side the stratum formed drilling environment, described system comprises: the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device, and it is used for carrying out Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement at a plurality of mine shaft depths place and receives NMR response from drilling environment; Be arranged to communicate with the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device so that therefrom receive the microprocessor of NMR response data, this microprocessor comprises executable program, this application configuration becomes can select the suitable character of drilling environment, make the value of the described suitable character on a plurality of mine shaft depths to be associated with the feature of pore pressure in the stratum, and at least one nuclear magnetic resonance parameter in the metering NMR response, and the characteristic of the described suitable character on the value of the nuclear magnetic resonance parameter on described a plurality of degree of depth and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated, thereby the characteristic of the pore pressure on the value of nuclear magnetic resonance parameter and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated; And tangible media, it can show the characteristic of the described suitable character on described a plurality of mine shaft depth.
Description of drawings
In order more completely to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and with reference to following introduction, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is pit shaft and the rough schematic view that is used for carrying out at pit shaft the system of NMR measurement;
Fig. 2 is the simplified electrical circuit diagram that is used for system shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 has shown the process flow diagram that is used to gather the method for pore pressure information according to of the present invention;
Fig. 3 A is suitable for the representative log that uses with the whole bag of tricks according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 has shown the process flow diagram that is used to carry out the method for drill-well operation according to of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram that has shown according to other method of the present invention; With
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram that has shown according to another method of the present invention.
Embodiment
In one aspect of the invention, provide a kind of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement (NMR) that utilizes to assess, determine, predict, or characterized the method for the pore pressure curve map (pore pressure is with respect to the curve map of the degree of depth) in the pit shaft stratum on every side.This pore pressure information can side by side be gathered during drill-well operation (for example measurement while drilling/well logging) or with it, perhaps gathers after drill-well operation is finished.In another aspect of this invention, this method has been utilized the pore pressure information that collects like this in the process of actual well drilled operation.In LWD uses, during drill-well operation, collect pore pressure information important advantage can be provided, comprise the security and the efficient that improve drill-well operation.As described below, find to exist overvoltage or negative pressure condition can guarantee to change drill-well operation in many ways, comprise that requirement stops drill-well operation immediately to deal with blowout danger and/or mud system is regulated.
Various aspects of the present invention for convenience of description, accompanying drawing and introduction thereof will concentrate on the exemplary process of information, the especially pore pressure of gathering pit shaft formation properties on every side.Yet should be appreciated that scope of the present invention has extended beyond these representational methods, and the various aspects of the inventive method or method itself other information-related application of being applicable to and gathering drilling environment and/or drill-well operation.In any case Fig. 1 and 2 has shown a kind of representational NMR measurement mechanism that can adopt these methods to carry out the NMR measurement.Fig. 3-6 is used to help that collection pore pressure information is described or utilizes this NMR measurement and pore pressure information to carry out the method for drill-well operation, and they have embodied various aspects of the present invention.
The rough schematic view of Fig. 1 has been described the NMR measurement mechanism, and its form is the logging tool 10 that rope transmits.Logging tool 10 is designed for that exploration is passed or is positioned at the one or more stratum or the area near the stratum 12 the pit shaft 14.In a kind of typical case uses, logging tool 10 tied up to hang on the sheathed cable 16 in the pit shaft 14, its length has been determined the relative depth of logging tool 10 basically.Cable length is controlled by the cylinder and the capstan arrangement 18 at any proper device such as place, ground.
NMR measurement mechanism or logging tool 10 can be any suitable down-hole NMR logging equipments that is applicable to that wireline logging is used or well logging while drilling (LWD) is used.Obviously, method of the present invention can be applicable to any application wherein comparably.Logging tool 10 comprises and is used in the volume of being paid close attention to 19 on stratum producing static magnetic field B
0Permanent magnet, electromagnet or magnet array, one or more RF antennas (for example solenoid antenna, tours antenna, saddle type antenna etc.), and be configured to produce the RF output pulses in the stratum, to cause the RF magnetic field B
1And the circuit of reception detected spin echo from the stratum.
Fig. 2 has shown relevant with logging tool 10 with the block diagram form of simplifying and has been configured to produce a representative embodiment of the electric circuit in well of RF pulse and detection spin echo.As a rule, circuit produces the RF signal, and this signal can be launched to cause RF magnetic field in the stratum through antenna.Detect the spin echo signal that is produced by RF magnetic field by antenna, they or be stored or be sent out go back to ground to be noted by ground recording system 20.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that under the prerequisite that does not depart from the scope of the present invention, can use other embodiment of circuit.
As shown in Figure 2, electric circuit in well comprises processor subsystem 210, and it has relevant storer, timing circuit, interface and periphery that some are selected is provided with (not illustrating individually).Processor subsystem 210 with can link to each other with the telemetric circuit 212 that ground recording system 20 communicates.Processor subsystem 210 can comprise or operationally be associated with programmable device, is used to carry out with the processing of NMR data conversion one-tenth about the useful information of drilling environment character.
Pulse shaping circuit comprises variable frequency oscillator 214, and it can produce the alternation RF signal of required frequency under the control of processor subsystem 210.The output terminal of oscillator 214 links to each other with modulator 218 with the phase shifter 216 that impulse phase control can be provided, and they all are under the control of processor subsystem 210 the required pulse phase place with generation RF field.The output terminal of modulator 218 links to each other with RF antenna 222 through power amplifier 220.Q-switch 224 also optionally is set, and it is used for the RF antenna system is attenuated to lower antenna vibration.
Shown in the circuit, antenna 222 can send the RF pulse causing the RF field in the stratum, and detects because of applying the echo signal that the RF field produces.Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, antenna 222 also links to each other with receiving unit by diplexer or switch 226, and the output terminal of diplexer or switch 226 links to each other with reception amplifier 228.In transmission and vibration reducing mode, switch 226 can protect reception amplifier 228 not to be sent to the influence of the high power pulse on the RF antenna 222.In receiving mode, diplexer 226 is as 228 Low ESR connects from antenna 222 to reception amplifier.The output terminal of reception amplifier 228 links to each other with two-phase responsive detectors 230, and this detecting device 230 also receives signal from oscillator signal as benchmark.The output terminal of detecting device 230 links to each other with analog to digital converter 232, and the output of analog to digital converter 232 is digital signals of having represented detected NMR signal.
Be shown as whole or single device though should be appreciated that logging tool 10 in Fig. 1, it also can comprise independent parts and can survey also with other that instrument combines.In addition, though in Fig. 1, shown rope tool, yet for example in LWD uses, also can use other form physical support and and ground between communication link.Also have, represented that the digital signal of detected spin echo can send in the ground recording system 20 when instrument 10 is in the down-hole.Perhaps, digital signal can be stored in the storer by processor subsystem 210, and supplies retrieval afterwards when instrument 10 turns back to ground.
Use logging tool, as shown in Figure 1 instrument for example, just can measure some NMR parameters, therefrom can obtain the character of drilling environment.For example, most of NMR well loggers can be arranged to measure spin-dot matrix (vertically) relaxation time (T of proton
1) and/or spin-spin (laterally) relaxation time (T
2).This measurement obtains like this, promptly at first proton is exposed to static magnetic field B
0In make its polarization, apply under the Larmor frequency that is tuned at the proton of being paid close attention to then and RF pulse (inceptive impulse) that length is calibrated, to obtain the magnetized 90 degree rotations of spinning.
In U.S. Patent No. 6246236, introduced a kind of LWD instrument of the present invention (the incorporated herein by reference and formation a part of this disclosure of this patent) that is applicable to.
With reference now to Fig. 3,, shown process flow diagram 300 among the figure, it has been described the stratum around the pit shaft substantially or gathered method about the information of pore pressure at least in the residing stratum of pit shaft.This method relate on depth interval measure free pit shaft and on every side the NMR in formed zone, stratum or location (" drilling environment ") respond.Drilling environment can be contained in a uniform formation or the area, or passes a plurality of stratum or area.As each example by the inventive method was further detailed, the pore pressure near the stratum the pit shaft can influence the character of drilling environment.Putting before this, the method according to this invention adopts the NMR measuring technique to be evaluated at certain character of the drilling environment of mine shaft depth at interval, and obtains in the assessment from then on and the pore pressure relevant information of same mine shaft depth at interval.
A preferred initial step in the inventive method is to select the one or more suitable character (chemical property or physical property) (302) of drilling environment.This suitable character must be can be with given mine shaft depth measured value or the value of the pore pressure on characteristic direct or indirect one and the same mine shaft depth interval or the character that characteristic is associated at interval.Particularly, determine that for some character, the change of these values on this depth interval is attributable to the change of pore pressure.For example, certain mine shaft depth factor of porosity characteristic at interval can be associated with the pore pressure characteristic in the stratum on the same depth interval.As a rule, factor of porosity will descend with the increase of the degree of depth, and this is because higher pressure trends towards compacted formation.Conventional therewith trend or the opposite situation of curve map are to increase sharp at mesoporosity, homogeneous area degree, and this may mean the area that exists pressure to increase.
In addition, aforesaid formation porosity (or total porosity) can be divided into two components: constrain fluids volume (BFV) and free fluid volume (FFV).For method of the present invention, can select a kind of this suitable character that is used as drilling environment in these two components individually.BFV represents the relative share of restrained total porosity, and FFV is the share that does not retrain.More particularly, BFV has represented the percent with the tight interactional factor of porosity of solid particle especially clay particle (being total porosity).In many application, can be with total porosity convenient and more advantageously monitor BFV and/or FFV.In any case as used herein such, term " factor of porosity " can mean total porosity, BFV, FFV or their any or all of combination.
Similar with the total porosity value, the BFV value trends towards reducing with the increase of the degree of depth, especially in shale formation, but increases in the overvoltage area.Therefore, the situation that trend is opposite therewith, promptly the increase of BFV may mean that pore pressure increases suddenly in other homogeneous area.
Factor of porosity is one of SOME PROPERTIES that is determined the drilling environment that is applicable to method shown in Figure 3.Other character that can be used for using with the method according to this invention comprises: permeability; Pore size (deciding) by the constraint diffusion; The character of drilling fluid comprises composition; The character of resident fluid comprises composition; The invasion character of drilling fluid/resident fluid; And the combination of these character.
As another initial step, this method preferably includes selects suitable NMR parameter (304).As mentioned above, NMR measure to produce for the NMR signal at environment or object be exclusive response.This NMR response can be characterized by one group of exclusive parameter, yet may need to control this response so that observe and assess better some parameter.Known have multiple suitable technology can realize this purpose.In the application of the inventive method, one or more these parameters (or NMR data) are identified as has certain value, and the value or the characteristic of these values and the given mine shaft depth selected suitable character at interval exist certain related.More particularly, selected NMR parameter is to be worth the parameter that characterizes by some at interval of given mine shaft depth, the value or the characteristic of the selected character of the drilling environment on the identical depth interval with this of these values exist certain related, therefore can therefrom draw the characteristic or the value of pore pressure.
With respect to factor of porosity, used preferred NMR parameter is the T in the NMR response
2Distribute.The T of the NMR of salt solution
2It is relevant with pore size distribution to distribute.Specifically, the short relaxation time is relevant with more closely knit or littler pore size.As T
2What distribute is additional, can also select T
1Distribute (not being subjected to the influence of coefficient of diffusion).
Again with reference to figure 3, this method for optimizing requires to carry out NMR a plurality of mine shaft depths place (for example certain mine shaft depth at interval on) and measures, thereby produces the NMR response (306) from drilling environment.Measurement can be carried out on this depth interval continuously, or periodically carries out on the certain hour or the degree of depth.As a rule, can obtain a large amount of geological informations about the feature that gets out residing each area of pit shaft or stratum.What wherein attract people's attention is the residing degree of depth of transitional region between area or stratum.The frequency of these transitional regions and position can influence the scope of depth interval in step 306, and under the situation of periodic measurement, it can influence the quantity and the frequency of measurement.The qualitative remarkable change that has nothing to do with overvoltage or negative pressure is very general in this change place; Therefore, not must be noted that and to judge by accident disconnected or response in advance this change.Under any circumstance, the depth interval of in step 306, being mentioned can be for example in the pit shaft entire depth in the homogeneous area or extend to well-chosen interval in the whole folding degree of depth of passing some areas and stratum.
And the type that NMR measures can change according to the drilling environment character of being sought.For example, when target is the value of factor of porosity or permeability, should carries out NMR and measure to produce from the response at layer depth place peripherally.The NMR measuring technique and the equipment that are applicable to this measurement have introduction in U.S. Patent No. 6246236 and No.6232778, they are all incorporated herein by reference, and constitute a part of this disclosure.
Further introduce like that as following institute, it is interior or carry out on every side that NMR measures the zone of the drilling environment that also can find the interface between resident fluid and the drilling fluid therein usually.This regional center can be in from the pit shaft outside surface be between about 1 " to 2 " Anywhere, and be commonly referred to nearly shaft area.Nearly shaft area is subjected to the intrusion of drilling fluid easily, owing to exist with respect to the much bigger pressure in the stratum in pit shaft, so drilling fluid is subjected to displacement resident fluid or mixes with it.Therefore, the intrusion forward position (invasion front) in the pit shaft changes with the degree of depth and differential pressure.Being directed to this regional NMR measuring technique and equipment has introduction in U.S. Patent No. 6246236, it is incorporated herein by reference, and constitutes a part of this disclosure.Can utilize the NMR measurement of these types to gather the information of the character relevant, comprise that the composition of drilling fluid and drilling fluid invade usually by degree and speed in the occupied zone of resident fluid with drilling fluid.Also can from the measurement that is directed to resident fluid (being formation fluid property), draw the character of drilling fluid.Specifically, the composition of the resident fluid in the nearly shaft area and the character that drilling fluid can be disclosed in the position.Below will be at introduce the use of the NMR measurement of these types in the present invention in other method shown in Fig. 5 and 6.
Best, the value of NMR parameter and the character of drilling environment output in as shown in Figure 3A the drill log or well data display screen.When processor subsystem (seeing Fig. 1 and 2) received the value of NMR parameter, these values just were input in the computer software/program that resides in wherein.Computer program can be presented as any (312) that are used for some known treatment that the NMR parameter value is associated with the value of selected drilling environment character.Best, software or program implementation have produced the value of the drilling environment character on depth interval.These values and NMR parameter output in the drill log 350, as shown in Figure 3A together then.Be applicable to T
2The example of the processing that the value that distributes is associated with the value of factor of porosity or permeability has introduction in United States Patent (USP) (or SPE file) SPE30560 and SPE49010, they are all incorporated herein by reference, and constitutes a part of this disclosure.
As shown in Figure 3, may must carry out repeatedly NMR and measure the value that is used for the sufficient amount of this suitable character with foundation, perhaps as an alternative, set up in some curve maps or the trend (step 308) that have on the enough illustrative depth interval.This allows drilling people or some other users or automatic processor to come the measured value or the actual value of this suitable character of comparison on this depth interval, thereby assesses the characteristic of this suitable character.What attract people's attention especially is, whether measured value is relatively stable, perhaps increases step by step or reduces, or change sharp on the degree of depth.Carry out related with the characteristic of pore pressure comparison between these values or related mode then.For example,, can determine that so pore pressure also increases with the degree of depth with normal mode on known homogeneous area, and can not be subjected to the influence that unexpected pressure changes if the actual value of factor of porosity increases gradually with the degree of depth.On the other hand, be subjected to the interference that a part reduces suddenly or increases, can determine that so the pore pressure on this depth interval is subjected to the interference in overvoltage or negative pressure area respectively if other progressively increases (curve).In process flow diagram shown in Figure 3, to the value of this character on the depth interval compare be equivalent to determine or the prediction stratum in the step (312) of pore pressure feature.
The value of the character of NMR and the character of drilling environment preferably outputs in the example drill log as shown in Figure 3A.In a LWD used, these values were noted during being preferably in drilling well, made to monitor this character in whole drill-well operation, thereby can monitor pore pressure.During drilling well, demonstrate drill log on continuous form that can print or the digital display screen, therefore allow to carry out real-time or almost simultaneously monitoring.In another embodiment, well logging software also can be equipped with reports to the police or indicating device, and to monitor some undesirable characteristic of this suitable character and pore pressure, perhaps monitoring has surpassed the value of the predeterminated level of this suitable character or pore pressure.In " embodiment " part, term " drill log " has referred to reflect any demonstration or the observable expression of the value of the character of NMR parameter, drilling environment and other well information.
The drill log of Fig. 3 A is the simplicity of illustration that is applicable to the suitable drill log 350 of methods, devices and systems of the present invention.Drill log 350 provides the value of gamma-ray well logging and well depth respectively in recording channel 1 and 2.Shown that in recording channel 3 selected NMR parameter is T
2Distribute.Selected suitable drilling environment character is factor of porosity, and its value is shown in the recording channel 4.In one aspect, the diagram of drill log 350 for simplifying, this is that various NMR parameters can be noted with three factor of porosity character and permeabilities commonly used because in more general application.This one group of NMR data also can adopt other physical measurement to obtain by classic method with the value that comes from the character of NMR.So just can obtain more accurate or more trouble-free monitoring to the state of the state at drilling environment place and pore pressure.After having read " embodiment " part and/or having consulted each accompanying drawing, the technician in geology, rock physics or other correlative technology field can know that method, device or system utilize the mode of these different resources.
In this representational drill log 350, the T2 on the some known area on this stratum and the value of factor of porosity have been write down.BFV value or curve 354 record individually in recording channel 6.This value meets the curve (shown in dotted line 356) of expection on first three area, and the BFV value reduces gradually with the degree of depth before near area transitional region 358.The feature and the projecting point of these area transitional regions 358 are, its T
2Distribute and FFV value existence sudden change (seeing 360).Yet, along with carrying out drilling well in that tape relay subsequently is continuous, BFV value progressively reduce interruption.Specifically, the BFV value begins to increase sharp at about 14000 feet degree of depth places, thereby shows that pore pressure increases suddenly.In drill log 350, this increase suddenly by identify 364 and sign 366 highlight out.Particularly, sign 366 is a warning marker (for example red audible alarms), and may there be overpressure conditions in the warning user.
In LWD uses, when this thing happens, should stop drill-well operation.In some applications, can carry out extra measurement or further investigation confirm whether there is overpressure conditions.Can handle this overpressure conditions by adjusting drilling technique (for example density or reduction pump discharge) then by increasing the drilling fluid composition.
The use of drill log 350 (and process flow diagram shown in Figure 3) provides feature how to determine the pore pressure on a certain depth interval and the example that how to utilize this information when carrying out drill-well operation.In order to highlight the variation of pore pressure, drill log 350 can also carry out extrapolation method calculating to prediction or normal pressure value, thereby sets up prediction curve or normalized curve.The dotted line (356) that prediction curve is expressed as the actual curve of measurement or actual BFV value (actual curve 354) extends.When there were deviation in actual curve 354 and prediction curve 356, two curves all presented and are retained in the well-logging, and deviation between the two highlights out (for example using redness).This allows the user to assess also even can quantize the departure degree of actual value and normal value, thereby assesses the degree of overvoltage.
Fig. 4 provides a kind of a kind of modification of the universal method with respect to process flow diagram shown in Figure 3.Particularly, the method that embodied of the flow process among Fig. 4 400 has been used the comparison of prediction curve with the actual curve that draws of the drilling environment character on certain depth interval from NMR measures.And the flow process 400 among Fig. 4 has shown that a kind of NMR of employing measurement comes the method for drilling well.
In the initial step 402 of this method, select the suitable character of drilling environment.According to the present invention, selected this suitable character makes the change of this property value on the mine shaft depth interval to be associated with the pore pressure in the stratum.As mentioned above, even in drilling well with carry out NMR and just can obtain bulk information before measuring about this stratum.From the record of historical information, can obtain the expection or the prediction curve (414) of the physical property on the given mine shaft depth interval.This prediction curve has been represented the desired or normal characteristic of this character on depth interval, and as the baseline of monitoring pore pressure.Therefore, in many application, prediction curve the expression pore pressure situation, can design drill-well operation by it.If actual curve is directly corresponding with prediction curve, so drill-well operation can such as plan ground carry out.
Prediction curve is preferably in as shown in Figure 3A the drill log 450 and shows.Different depth place and the prediction curve on different areas in the pit shaft can be provided.As a rule, the curve in each area is unique to this area, and may be irrelevant with other area.Therefore, in one aspect, prediction curve can be regarded as the set of the prediction curve on a plurality of areas.
In another initial step of this method, select at least one suitable NMR parameter (406).Suitable NMR parameter is characterised in that the value on the depth interval can be associated with the value of selected suitable character.Particularly, the NMR parameter is chosen to make and can be associated with the change of this character on the same depth interval in the change of the NMR parameter value of mine shaft depth at interval.Like this, can from measuring, NMR draw the characteristic of this suitable character.If select factor of porosity, so preferably select the T in the NMR response as this physical property
2Distribution is as this NMR parameter.
After above-mentioned initial step is finished, begin to carry out drilling well (408).Then, adopt NMR measurement mechanism (preferably adopting the LWD instrument in this case) to come on certain mine shaft depth interval, to measure (410).As mentioned above, NMR measures and can periodically carry out at continuous depth interval place or carry out at the time cycle place that increases progressively, and perhaps carries out continuously on the mine shaft depth interval.For method shown in Figure 4, mentioned mine shaft depth means in the area at interval or pass the depth interval in a plurality of areas, the perhaps depth interval that extends on whole mine shaft depth.
NMR response is best to send to abovegroundly through traditional telemetering device, and received by the processor subsystem of ground recording system.As described in the process flow diagram of Fig. 3, can adopt known relevant and treatment technology to come from the NMR parameter value that records, to obtain the value of this physical property as above-mentioned pin.Value with NMR parameter and physical property outputs on the drill log 450 then.By the value of a plurality of these physical propertys of record on initial depth interval, just can set up the actual curve (416) of this physical property.
As shown in Figure 3A, actual curve 354 can be recorded in the same recording channel with prediction curve 356, so it is superimposed upon on the prediction curve 356.In many application, this will greatly promote two curves are compared whether (418) and definite actual curve exist deviation or variation (420) with expecting curve subsequent step.If actual curve really and expecting curve have deviation or variation, so according to the present invention, this deviation or change can be associated with the change of pore pressure (426).As a rule, when this thing happens, can further analyze, and carry out extra measurement and test (for example from ground) drill log (may comprise other NMR data and measurement).Like this, operating personnel can determine or confirm whether detected overvoltage area (428).
With reference to the drill log 350 shown in the figure 3A, can express by the obvious deviation of prediction curve and to have overvoltage or negative pressure area.If confirm to have this overvoltage/negative pressure state, just should adjust drill-well operation to compensate or otherwise to handle the problem (430) in this overvoltage or negative pressure area.But suspending a well operation in some cases.In many cases, can handle the problem in this overvoltage or negative pressure area by the fluid composition of regulating in the drilling fluid.For example, can add loading agent to gain in weight and fluid density.In addition, can change pump discharge, reduce the drilling well that bit speed or control are carried out.Can stop drilling well in some cases and lay framework (compare plan earlier).Under any these situations, will there be deviation in adjusted drilling well with original scheme.In addition, can carry out other measurement such as seismic survey, so that further assess the drilling well situation.Can restart drill-well operation (408) afterwards, carry out other NMR afterwards at follow-up degree of depth place and measure (410).
In another aspect of this invention, method of the present invention has considered that expecting curve will adjust (424) during drill-well operation, thereby the monitoring of drill-well operation more accurately is provided.Specifically, by combining, just can regulate expectation curve with the NMR parameter at previous degree of depth place and the actual measurement of suitable character.Preferably should regulate prediction curve in real time and side by side with the actual curve of well logging.Therefore for example, owing to have unexpected variation in the geologic model, what the increase of the factor of porosity on different depth may be than initial predicted is rapider or quicker.Given this, the scalable prediction curve is to reflect real curve.
For certain physical character such as factor of porosity and permeability, can from historical information, draw prediction curve.For example, can adopt the ground surface technology for example earthquake or sound measurement come the factor of porosity in preliminary record object stratum or area.Perhaps, can from historical information, draw prediction curve about the stratum around similar area or stratum, the especially additional well.In addition, can be by in the homogeneous area, carrying out initial measurement and infer initial curve on this area remainder, thus set up prediction curve.
Selected drilling environment character can be the character relevant with drilling fluid, for example the composition of drilling fluid.In some applications, selected drilling fluid character relate to drilling fluid in the nearly shaft area and stratum liquid between interact (for example drilling fluid invade the degree of depth or speed).In these cases, prediction curve or datum curve can be reflected in and be almost constant value on the shorter depth interval.Adopt method of the present invention to come the rapid deviation of monitoring from this constant curve then.In these numerous situations, can be by setting up prediction curve in the measurement of wellbore surface place with conventional apparatus.Perhaps, can adopt the NMR of drilling fluid or resident fluid to measure near ground or ground, to measure.On the mine shaft depth interval curve that obtains in this way being carried out extrapolation method by means of perpendicular line (for example seeing the line 370 in the drill log 350) then calculates.Fig. 5 and 6 process flow diagram concentrate on a kind of modification of the inventive method, have wherein adopted the selected suitable character method relevant with drilling fluid or resident fluid.In these cases, the character relevant with resident fluid content in the shaft area is the character of drilling fluid in essence, and this is because it has disclosed and invaded the relevant situation in forward position usually.
With reference now to process flow diagram shown in Figure 5,, shown the method that is used to carry out drill-well operation among the figure.Specifically, the initial step of this method is that at least one suitable character (502) of the interior drilling environment that is provided of nearly shaft area of drilling environment is provided.Specifically, selected character is the degree of depth that resident fluid is invaded.In drilling process, the balance multilated of the fluid in the stratum.As a rule, the mud pressure in the pit shaft is higher than the pressure (overbalance drilling well) of prime stratum fluid.This pressure differential causes drilling fluid or mud to invade in the stratum, and zone (being called the invaded zone) the prime stratum fluid around pit shaft is replaced by mud filtrate.This invaded zone is in the nearly shaft area of the object of measuring as NMR.Invade mud and contain trickle particulate matter usually, it is leached into soon on the pit shaft side and has formed the layer that is called " mud cake ".It is needed effect that the mud cake of gained gathers, and this is because it has reduced connection between stratum and the mud column, thereby prevents from or hindered mud further to flow in the stratum.In the overvoltage area, mud can not invade in the stratum, but resident fluid trends towards entering into mud column.This yes undesirable result, this is because mud system can be diluted, thereby has changed the weight and the density of mud.
Modern NMR survey instrument has adopted from instrument usually towards the earth-attenuation magnetic field of (being called gradient design).This instrument allows the NMR signal in operating personnel's survey instrument shell on every side.By selecting can be that required separation distance (or degree of depth) locates to finish Larmor's resident appropriate frequency that resonates at the distance instrument, just can select the position of shell.Therefore, can carry out NMR at the different depth place of exploration measures.Because the pressure differential between mud and the resident fluid can influence curve and the speed of invading, can provide valuable information with respect to the measurement of the mud filtrate content of the degree of depth, thereby provide valuable information about pore pressure about invasion procedure.In a kind of modification, invade curve measurement over time and also can produce valuable information.Higher reservoir pressure is expressed in slower intrusion, and vice versa.Can adopt similar method, promptly be used to combine with the rock property measurement that comes from NMR, so that Estimated pore pressure from the intrusion curve of different technologies (resistivity) and its.In any case the degree of depth that convection cell can be invaded or the change of more specifically saying so to the pore pressure in the measurement of the change of the fluid invasion depth on the mine shaft depth and the stratum on every side are associated.
In another initial step of the inventive method shown in Figure 5, select at least one NMR parameter (504), so the change of the degree of depth that can invade with fluid of the change of the NMR parameter on the depth interval is associated.Preferably can select one group of NMR parameter.The T2 that the NMR parameter generally includes on the gradient fields distributes, so as the prime stratum fluid and invade the existence of drilling fluid such as mud filtrate or volume between distinguish.Like this, can assess the invasion depth at certain depth place.
On certain mine shaft depth interval, wish that invasion depth keeps relative stability.Therefore, the prediction of the resident fluid invasion depth on this mine shaft depth interval or the perpendicular line (for example seeing the line 370 among Fig. 3 A) (seeing step 506) that datum curve is almost stable.Yet should be appreciated that in the resident fluid invasion depth and exist that (non-unexpected) change is very common, this is that for example the degree of depth of Zeng Jiaing and pressure gather because exist and overvoltage or the irrelevant small effect of negative pressure.
As a rule, prediction or datum curve obtain can measuring from the initial NMR of ground or its vicinity, carry out extrapolation method then on the mine shaft depth interval and calculate.After setting up prediction or datum curve, begin to carry out drilling well (508).In subsequent step 510, then carry out the NMR measurement continuously or periodically at a plurality of mine shaft depths or depth interval place.As mentioned above, preferably adopt the gradient type instrument to carry out NMR and measure, to produce NMR response from nearly shaft area.Particularly, the NMR response will be invaded place, forward position or the nearly shaft area around it from comprising.After the NMR parameter value of collecting sufficient amount and invasion depth value, on this mine shaft depth, compare the value of NMR parameter and invasion depth.As a rule, this information will provide on drill log, and its form is the diametral curve on the degree of depth.More particularly, relatively these are worth continuously in whole drilling process, so that monitoring is with respect to the sharp deviations (512) of datum curve.
Shown in the step 514 in the process flow diagram 500, whether inquiry has increased a lot (514) than the value at previous mine shaft depth place in the value of the current mine shaft depth NMR of place parameter (or suitably character).These value descends, may there be the overvoltage area in particularly unexpected decline ordinary representation.Therefore, the next step in this method is further assessment or the possibility (516) of confirming to exist the overvoltage area.If further assessment confirms to exist overpressure situation, just drilling variable (520) is operated and/or adjusted to suspending a well as described above.In addition, if do not detect the remarkable decline or the increase of these values, so just proceed drill-well operation, its NMR of a stepping Xingqi that goes forward side by side measures as usually.
If the pressure of the pressure ratio mud column of resident fluid much higher (overvoltage), resident fluid just will flow in the mud column so.This can influence NMR measures, and is similar to movement of tool or diffusion.Specifically, can detect short T
2The variation of distribution and echo shape.Therefore, select T usually
2Distribution and echo shape are as suitable NMR parameter.With respect to echo shape, the influence in the methods of the invention of side direction movement of tool is very little, and this is because the NMR instrument of LWD is symmetrical, makes the opposite effect of instrument both sides offset to high level very much each other.Yet fluid inside (resident fluid enters into pit shaft) or flowing of outside (invading fast or circulation loss) can not produce this counteracting, and be therefore more remarkable to the influence of echo shape.
In the drill log shown in Fig. 3 A 350, recording channel 6 provides the invasion depth record (DOI) on the degree of depth.From about 14000 feet, DOI increases sharp, thereby shows and may have the overvoltage area.This situation is indicated by overvoltage warning 374 and 376.
The another way of the intrusion of test fluid from the stratum to the pit shaft is near the analysis tool the mud or the composition of drilling fluid.Because resident fluid has the NMR character different with mud, therefore adopt classic method can determine easily that mud is by the dilution of resident fluid.In addition, this measurement can be carried out in the place that is in close proximity to NMR instrument place, makes signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) very big, and this is very favourable.Adopt this technology when resident fluid begins to enter well, to provide very valuable early warning about possible " well kick situation " to the early detection of mud change of properties.The method in the flow process 600 shown in Figure 6 of being embodied in has shown collection and the use to this information.
Reference flowchart 600, the initial step of this method are to select the character of drilling environment, are the character of drilling fluid such as the composition of drilling fluid (602) in this case.In one type application, the NMR measurement concentrates on the formation of resident fluid (for example the assessment degree of invading and/or by the dilution of drilling fluid).In Another Application, the NMR measurement concentrates on the formation of drilling fluid (for example assessment invade and/or by degree that resident fluid diluted).In great majority were used, target was resident fluid and the drilling fluid zone in the nearly shaft area.
Then, select suitable NMR parameter (604), it is the parameter relevant with the character of drilling fluid.Equally, can select many NMR parameters, comprise T
2(it can be regarded as some T for distribution and echo shape
2Obtain in the character).The value of this NMR parameter on the mine shaft depth interval or the characteristic or the change that should be worth at least are relevant with the change of drilling fluid composition.In a subsequent step of this method, draw the prediction or the datum curve (606) of fluid properties.This prediction or datum curve are regarded as being made of " benchmark " of NMR parameter or " normally " value.Best, " benchmark " is worth on ground or its vicinity obtains, and carries out extrapolation method then on the mine shaft depth interval and calculates.When seeking the diametral curve of resident fluid-drilling fluid, should " benchmark or normalized curve " will be unconverted relatively curve on given depth interval at the different depth place.
After having finished above-mentioned initial step, continue beginning drill-well operation (608).As above-mentioned method, then carry out NMR and measure (610) at a plurality of mine shaft depths place.These NMR measure and will carry out in containing the nearly shaft area of drilling fluid, mud filtrate or resident fluid.The purpose that NMR measures provides the monitoring to the NMR parameter relevant with drilling fluid (basic drilling fluid, mud filtrate or resident fluid).
When the NMR with sufficient amount measures, the actual value of NMR parameter (and so and next drilling fluid character) can be compared (612) with " normally " or " benchmark " value.This step can be considered the comparison equivalence of introducing with method shown in above-mentioned relative Figure 4 and 5 that the actual curve of NMR parameter or drilling fluid character and prediction or datum curve are carried out.
Subsequent operation 614 in this method depends on the comparison of actual value and normal value.Specifically, whether the inquiry actual value has departed from much with normal value.If be actually this situation, so just there is the possibility (618) of overvoltage.If do not observe significant deviation, just can be as ending drill-well operation as described in the above-mentioned method and/or adjusting drilling variable (620).By suitable adjustment, can proceed drill-well operation and monitoring pore pressure.
Though the embodiment at some has introduced the present invention, yet the technician in geology, rock physics or other correlative technology field is appreciated that after having understood advantage of the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not break away from scope of the present invention disclosed herein, can design other embodiment.For example, it is contemplated that, the various aspects of the inventive method can be applied to and relate to during collection uses about other of the information on the stratum around drilling environment or the pit shaft.These other methods can be directed to one or more NMR parameters are associated with the pore pressure characteristic, or are directed to another physics or the chemical property of drilling environment.Therefore, scope of the present invention should only be limited by claims.
Claims (22)
1. one kind is used for adopting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement to gather method about the information of the pore pressure on the stratum around the pit shaft, described pit shaft and described around the stratum formed drilling environment, described method comprises step:
(a) select at least one suitable character of described drilling environment, make the value of the described suitable character on a plurality of mine shaft depths to be associated with the feature of pore pressure in the described stratum;
(b) at least one nuclear magnetic resonance parameter of selecting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement to respond;
(c) carry out Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement at a plurality of mine shaft depths place, thereby produce NMR response from described drilling environment;
(d) value with the nuclear magnetic resonance parameter in the described NMR response is associated with the value of described suitable character; With
(e) determine the feature of the described pore pressure on described a plurality of mine shaft depths in the described stratum by the value of the described suitable character on more described a plurality of degree of depth, and the characteristic of the described pore pressure on the consistance between these values and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (e) comprises that the value with the selected nuclear magnetic resonance parameter on a plurality of degree of depth is associated with the value of described suitable character, and the value of the described suitable character on described a plurality of degree of depth is associated with the characteristic of described pore pressure.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (a) comprises selects described suitable character from one group of suitable character, and described one group of suitable character comprises: factor of porosity; Permeability; Hydrogen index; The degree of depth that drilling fluid is invaded; The character of drilling fluid; The character of resident fluid; And their combination.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (b) comprises selects described nuclear magnetic resonance parameter from one group of nuclear magnetic resonance parameter, and described one group of nuclear magnetic resonance parameter comprises: T
2Distribute; T
1Distribute; T
2Acquisition parameter; And their combination.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (b) comprises selects T
2Distribution is as described nuclear magnetic resonance parameter, and described step (a) comprises selects factor of porosity as described suitable character, and like this, described step (e) comprises the described T that observes on described a plurality of degree of depth
2The change of the factor of porosity in the change that distributes and the described stratum is associated, and is associated with the change of described pore pressure on described a plurality of degree of depth.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method also is included in described step (a) and begins the step of drill-well operation with initial formation pit shaft before, makes described drill-well operation can utilize the drilling fluid in the nearly shaft area of described drilling environment in drilling process; And described step (a) is included at least one suitable character of selecting described drilling fluid in the drilling process, wherein said step (c) comprises carries out Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement to produce NMR response from described nearly shaft area, makes described step (e) comprise that the change with the described pore pressure on the change of the described drilling fluid character in the drilling process and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described step (c) comprises provides gradient type Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device, and operates described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device and guide gradient signal into described nearly shaft area on every side.
8. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described step (a) comprises that the invasion depth of layer fluid selectively is as described suitable character.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described step (e) comprises that foundation can illustrate that the resident fluid of the invasion depth on described a plurality of degree of depth invades curve, and the change of the pore pressure on the change of described fluid being invaded curve and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described step (e) comprises that the deviation with described fluid intrusion curve is associated with the existence in overvoltage area.
11. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (d) comprises the measured value of the nuclear magnetic resonance parameter of comparison on described a plurality of degree of depth, and sets up the actual curve of described suitable character relatively from this.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described method also comprises step:
Predict the curve of the described suitable character on a plurality of degree of depth; With
Described step (d) comprises compares described actual curve with described prediction curve; With
Described step (e) comprise with the deviation of described actual curve and described prediction curve with described around the change of pore pressure in the stratum be associated.
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described step (d) is included in a plurality of degree of depth place has carried out revising described prediction curve after the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement, so that make it at least in part based on described actual curve.
14. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described method also is included in and proceeds described step (c), (d) and (e) after the step of revising described prediction curve.
15., it is characterized in that described method also comprises step according to each described method in the claim 1 to 14:
In described step (a) before, in described stratum, begin to carry out drill-well operation so that initially form pit shaft;
Carry out described step (c) during described drill-well operation, each degree of depth place that described step (c) is included in described a plurality of mine shaft depths is positioned described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device in the described pit shaft; With
Record described actual curve of each bar and described prediction curve during described drilling well.
16. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises step:
In described step (a) before, in described stratum, begin to carry out drill-well operation so that initially form pit shaft;
Carry out described step (c) during described drill-well operation, each degree of depth place that described step (c) is included in described a plurality of mine shaft depths is positioned described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device in the described pit shaft; With
In response to adjusting described drill-well operation by the change of the determined described pore pressure of described step (e).
17. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the well logging while drilling that the includes described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device instrument that provides is provided described step (c), and at each degree of depth place of described a plurality of mine shaft depths described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device is positioned in the described pit shaft.
18. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method also is included in described step (c) and carries out the step of drill-well operation with initial formation pit shaft before, described step (c) comprises the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device that the rope transmission is provided, and locatees described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device at each degree of depth place of described a plurality of mine shaft depths.
19. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (c) is included on the mine shaft depth interval and operates described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device continuously, makes described step (d) be included in described mine shaft depth and goes up the continuous NMR response of observation at interval.
20. one kind is used for adopting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement to gather system about the information of the pore pressure on the stratum around the pit shaft, described pit shaft and described around the stratum formed drilling environment, described system comprises:
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device, it is used for carrying out Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement at a plurality of mine shaft depths place and receives NMR response from described drilling environment;
Be arranged to and can communicate so that therefrom receive the microprocessor of NMR response data with described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurement device, described microprocessor comprises executable program, described application configuration become can:
Select the suitable character of described drilling environment, make the value of the described suitable character on described a plurality of mine shaft depth to be associated with the feature of pore pressure in the described stratum;
Measure at least one nuclear magnetic resonance parameter in the described NMR response; With
The characteristic of the described suitable character on the value of the described nuclear magnetic resonance parameter on described a plurality of degree of depth and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated, thereby the characteristic of the described pore pressure on the value of described nuclear magnetic resonance parameter and the described a plurality of degree of depth is associated; And
Tangible media, it can show the characteristic of the described suitable character on described a plurality of mine shaft depth.
21. system according to claim 20 is characterized in that, described tangible media is a drill log, and described drill log can show:
The curve of the described suitable character on described a plurality of mine shaft depth; With
The datum curve of the predicted value of the described suitable character on described a plurality of mine shaft depth is provided.
22. system according to claim 21 is characterized in that, described tangible media comprises the indication that is used for the pore pressure situation on described a plurality of degree of depth.
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|---|---|---|---|
| US30895702P | 2002-12-03 | 2002-12-03 | |
| US10/308957 | 2002-12-03 |
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| CA (1) | CA2450598C (en) |
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| CN101581222B (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2012-11-21 | 重庆奥能瑞科石油技术有限责任公司 | Petroleum drilling fluid nuclear magnetic resonance while-drilling analytic |
| CA2753347C (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2017-09-26 | Statoil Asa | Method of adjusting properties of drilling fluids and apparatus for use in such methods |
| CN101793147B (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2012-10-10 | 苏州纽迈电子科技有限公司 | Online nuclear magnetic resonance type analysis and detection device of oil content of drilling fluid |
| CN102297828B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-07-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Reservoir pore structure classification method based on nuclear magnetic three-component percentage |
| CN102042011B (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2014-10-01 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Method for constructing pseudo nuclear magnetic T2 spectrum by using conventional logging data |
| GB2560840B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2021-10-13 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Multiple depth of investigation nuclear magnetic resonance logging for determining the porosity and pore type of subterranean formations |
| CN108519624A (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Underground 3-D scanning NMR imaging instrument device radio-frequency antenna method of reseptance and device |
| CN108956417B (en) * | 2018-06-09 | 2019-09-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Analyze the Isotopes magnetism method of the invalid water absorption of blowhole |
| CN117871582A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Self-drilling nuclear magnetic resonance and side pressure soil body in-situ testing device and method |
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| EP0908722A2 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-04-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Evaluating a geological formation |
| US6069477A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-05-30 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method for improving the accuracy of NMR relaxation distribution analysis with two echo trains |
| US6181132B1 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2001-01-30 | Shell Oil Company | NMR logging assembly |
| US6297632B1 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-10-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Detecting tool motion effects on spin echoes obtained with nuclear magnetic resonance measurements |
| US6326784B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-12-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nuclear magnetic resonance logging with azimuthal resolution using gradient coils |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6069477A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-05-30 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Method for improving the accuracy of NMR relaxation distribution analysis with two echo trains |
| EP0908722A2 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-04-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Evaluating a geological formation |
| US6181132B1 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2001-01-30 | Shell Oil Company | NMR logging assembly |
| US6326784B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-12-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Nuclear magnetic resonance logging with azimuthal resolution using gradient coils |
| US6297632B1 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-10-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Detecting tool motion effects on spin echoes obtained with nuclear magnetic resonance measurements |
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| MXPA03010645A (en) | 2004-06-14 |
| NO332870B1 (en) | 2013-01-28 |
| CA2450598C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
| CA2450598A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| RU2003135131A (en) | 2005-05-10 |
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