CN1307407A - Pulse signal transmitting method in power line - Google Patents

Abstract

The pulse signal transmitting method includes positioned transmission in AC voltage period, clock control and transmitting and receiving sync. Zero crossing time of AC voltage is used as reference in determining the internal clock of signal network. The transmitted pulse signal may be jump signal limited in the low voltage area near 0V or pulse carrying high frequency signal in the whole period. The communication network transmits and receives pulse signal by means of pulse transmitter connected to power line in various sites. The present invention provides the technological way for developing the communication resource of power line.

Description

A kind of method that transmits pulse signal with power line

The present invention relates to a kind of method that transmits pulse signal in the single-phase loop of power line, this method utilizes the clock pulse pulse signals to position (numerical control), utilizes alternating voltage to cross 0 (V) point as synchronous base, and carries out transmission with a kind of pulse conveyer.

Electric force lines distribution is extensive, is a kind of potential communication resources, but owing on the power line peak value alternating voltage is arranged, the electrical network distribution area is big, is subject to disturb, and is difficult to upload transmission information with existing mechanics of communication at power line.The main direction of developmental research is to load high frequency carrier on power line in this respect both at home and abroad, realizes message transmission with the modulating/demodulating technology, as US-5246334, and US-4479215, DE-2039409, existing development has: utilize power line to take on the telephone; Domestic power department is conversed with power line and is implemented administration of power networks etc.Because the anti-interference difficulty of this class technology is big, also do not obtain so far can extensive use technological achievement.

The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of power line that can utilize and transmit pulse signal, technical method that can be compatible again with existing light-current system.This method does not repeat the old road of carrier frequency technology, but makes full use of the achievement of modern pulse technique, creates the condition of apply pulse technology in alternating voltage.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: pulse signal injects power line with two kinds of forms: the one, and the voltage jump that DC power supply produces through high-speed switching circuit control, the 2nd, the high frequency carrier pulsed is written into the carrier wave " fragment " of formation; In the power line alternating voltage cycle, signal transmission/receiving position is located with the conveyer internal clocking; Cross 0 (V) pulse with voltage in the signal net internal clocking is established synchronous base, the reception of pulse signal is synchronous with transmission; Receiving circuit receive window processing signals and interference; Each signal site all use pulse conveyer and power line as signal be connected, transmitt or receive signal.Be further elaborated below.

One, the pulse signal delivering position of alternating voltage in the cycle

Pulse signal (no matter the voltage jump formula still is a high frequency is written into formula) transmits on power line, all is to carry out on the delivering position of setting in voltage cycle.The delivering position of voltage jump signal (being regular pulse) is distributed in the particular section in alternating voltage cycle, the low pressure section that specifically refers to crest voltage both sides in the positive and negative half cycle of voltage, this is the microcosmic dc low-voltage section in macroscopical alternating voltage, voltage jump signal (pulse) is clipped between the alternating voltage crest and transmits near the 0V position from injecting here.High frequency carrier formula signal then is a kind of with the injection form of carrier frequency under signal pulse control, and delivering position is not limited to by the high-low pressure section, can transmit in alternating voltage complete period scope.

The signal delivering position is the time period with one tens microsecond of internal clocking setting, allows voltage that a saltus step takes place in this time period, or is written into one section carrier wave, becomes signal " 1 "; As not having change in voltage in the section between at this moment, be signal " 0 ".Pulse signal only occurs in the delivering position in transmission on the power line, and the both no signal transmissions of other time do not receive any signal yet.The position pulse control that delivering position is provided by computer.

With regard to the corresponding signal of a signal delivering position, the position pulse that computer provides can be regarded a kind of lock-out pulse that transmits as signal as.

Two, the internal clocking system of pulse conveyer

Be provided with the internal clocking system in the pulse conveyer, there is counter that clock pulse is counted, half alternating voltage cycle of every mistake, clock pulse counter resets once, reset obtains a clock pulse sequence at every turn, and the reset signal of counter is crossed the zero-crossing pulse that 0 (V) point obtains from detecting alternating voltage in the internal circuit.Like this, each clock pulse sequence all is from 0V, finishes to next 0V, and length is consistent with the half period.The sequence number of each pulse also begins sequential organization from 0V in the sequence, till next 0V.The pulse sequence number is used for setting signal transmission/receiving position and high voltage blocking position etc., and set point will be as the positioning control data storing in computer.

Three, internal clock pulse is synchronous

In the power line loop, one 0 electric current moment all appears in each transformation of alternating current direction, voltage is 0, the transformation of this sense of current is simultaneous in the full loop scope, in the loop, have the quality of time reference so voltage is crossed 0 (V) point, can be used as the internal clocking synchronization basic standard.The circuit feature of 0V also is convenient to detect, and the high speed circuit of many detection voltage over zero is arranged now, under the detection frequency of 100HZ, only needs tens nanoseconds just can obtain zero-crossing pulse.Like this, be distributed in each signal site in same loop, because their internal clock pulse counter is all to cross 0 (V) pulse reset and startup, their internal clock pulse sequence is crossed 0 (V) impulsive synchronization, and the pulse of each sequence inside, site, owing to be prescribed the use same frequency,, also can be considered synchronous as long as be not less than microsecond in the pulse period.

Per half period of clock pulse counter is refreshed once, and the time error of impulsive synchronization can not accumulate in the sequence; Simultaneously, the every half cycle of crossing of clock sequence is just crossed 0 (V) pulse renewal, so electric power system power frequency shakiness also can be to bringing influence synchronously.

Four, the reception of pulse signal and transmission are synchronously

The reliability that the reception of power line signal pulse and signal transmission can the raising synchronously signal transmit and the influence of suppress interference.Receiving circuit in the receiving terminal conveyer is to receive with the design implementation of receive window is synchronous.

Receive window is a gating circuit, and strobe pulse is the position pulse that inner computer provides, because the position pulse of the position pulse of receiving terminal and transmitting terminal is synchronous, so the open hour of receive window and signal sending time are synchronous.Not at signal sending time, receive window is all closed any signal on the power line (comprising interference).

Five, the interference in the receive window is handled

Pulse conveyer receive window and signal send open synchronously working method, interference effect on the power line is limited in the window ranges, interference problem in the window is meant when receiving a high level signal and will judges: whether disturb the high level so the processing of the interference in the window that cause at first are whether to judge the existence of interference signal, disturb if exist, then the high level signal of window reception can not be used, and should resend.High level of interference in the receive window can be divided into two classes: a class is that roomy type disturbs, and a class is that the superelevation type disturbs.Because the width of signal pulse and highly all be changeless, and only exist in the window, so all window pulse signals outer or that exceed the normal level scope that extends all should be considered as interference.Judge that the circuit design that roomy type disturbs is to be provided with one on the receive window side to pay window, when two adjacent window apertures obtain high level signal simultaneously, be considered as existing roomy type to disturb; Judge that the circuit design that the superelevation type disturbs is to detect the superelevation level signal in the open hour simultaneously at window, when obtaining high level in the window, detect again when having the superelevation level signal, be considered as existing the superelevation type to disturb.If the situation of interference takes place to continue, communication will continue to interrupt, but the signal of can not misinformating.

Can also handle according to the pulse character of signal and the alternation character of interference signal (majority is an electromagnetic wave).

Six, pulse conveyer

The pulse conveyer is that this method is implemented the isolated plant that signal transmits on power line, and all sites all need to be equipped with, are the unique and direct-connected devices of power line on the site.The computers of transducer, instrument, actuator, operation keyboard and the control centre of the following connection field control equipment of pulse conveyer etc. all are the devices of light current category.Main circuit unit and function thereof are as follows in the pulse conveyer:

1, pulse signal transmitting element: the position pulse that receiving computer provides, and to power line transmission pulse signal; Have the pulse power (or carrier-fequency generator) in this unit and inject the power component of signal to power line.

2, pulsed signal unit: under position pulse control, receive the pulse signal on the power line, after disturbing the full lattice of inspection, send Computer Processing; When detecting interference, send the signal that stop signal is handled to computer;

3,0 (V) voltage detection unit: the detection alternating voltage is crossed 0 (V) and is put and obtained 0 (V) pulse, as clock pulse counter reset signal and internal clocking synchronizing datum signal;

4, frequency division-counting unit: to the time main pulse carry out frequency division, to clock pulse count.Counter in the frequency dividing circuit was also used 0 (V) pulse reset, to improve the synchronization accuracy of clock pulse;

5, high pressure blocking circuit:, prevent the voltge surge of high voltage to inner circuit elements device in the high voltage section in alternating voltage cycle.Decide with both sides low-pressure area scope on the border in high pressure blocking-up district, by the computer control blocking-up time;

6, computer control unit: being the core of conveyer, is external synchronization signal with the clock pulse, mainly bears following task:

A, provide position pulse, be used for determining that signal sends and receiving position.The rising edge of position pulse and trailing edge position are all demarcated with pulse data in clock pulse sequence, become the unified key technology data of using in the signal net, and the computer in each conveyer has only according to identical data just can provide synchronous position pulse.Position pulse is being controlled the transmitting-receiving of signal and synchronously; When needs send " 1 " signal, just provide a position pulse to transtation mission circuit, the control pulsatile once injects, and receiving circuit receives synchronously in the other end; When needs sent " 0 " signal, computer did not provide position pulse, does not have pulse signal on the power line, but the receiving circuit of other end obtains " 0 " still in position pulse position received signal;

B, accept the weak electric signal of this site subordinate's equipment, computer will be handled according to predetermined protocol, the flesh and blood of configuration information, and send to provide/not provide the position pulse mode to carry out signal by transtation mission circuit.The protocol package of signal processing is contained in the software, is a kind of dedicated program that the field data content is carried out analysis-by-synthesis and the design of conclusion back;

C, the signal that receiving circuit is sent here carry out decipher, and convert the computer output signal to, are sent to relevant devices;

D, when receiving the notice of exist disturbing, stop to handle the signal of receiving circuit, and send the request command that resends signal with sending to signal.

Seven, signal pulse

1, voltage jump signal pulse (regular pulse)

Under the power line loading condition, carry out reliable and economic pulse and transmit, require signal pulse to have higher hop rate and narrow as far as possible pulse duration.The level comparison method is adopted in signal identification, 2 times of the desirable low-pressure area background voltage of impulse level peak, promptly when the low-pressure area scope is 0-A (V), the pulse power is with 2A (V), the comparison value of identification pulse level is got 1.7A (V), and superelevation level comparison value is got 2.3A (V).The pulse power is a duplicate supply, and positive half cycle positive supply sends positive pulse; Negative half period sends negative pulse with negative supply.

Positive and negative signal pulse also can be taken from higher-order of oscillation power supply, and the vibration electric wave becomes the single positive and negative half-wave that conforms to the signal pulse recognition feature through halfwave rectifier, separation, uses as positive negative pulse stuffing under position pulse control.

2, the carrier frequency pulse formula is written into signal

A kind of signal form that signal pulse location method for implanting combines with ZAP, be not directly to inject signal pulse but load one group of carrier frequency cycle (can arrive several less even a cycle) under signal pulse control on the signal delivering position promptly, continuous carrier becomes discontinuous carrier frequency " fragment ".Sort signal anti-phase sine voltage signal of available 50HZ in receiving circuit is synthetic with it, as long as the fluctuation of 50HZ residual voltage just can be separated carrier signal less than half of carrier voltage.

Replenishing of several problems

1, about transmitting the low-pressure area scope of voltage jump signal

Operating on low voltage district scope one end is the boundary with 0V, and the boundary voltage value of the other end is set according to actual conditions, and the service area is big more, and the boundary voltage value is high more, and for the needs of signal pulse level identification, this boundary value is advisable with half that is no more than pulse voltage.When being 20V as the pulse power, the boundary voltage value should not surpass 10V.The relation of the time width in operating on low voltage district and boundary voltage value can be represented by the formula:

If: low-pressure area one end is 0V, and the other end is A (absolute value) V, and time width is t second, and in 50HZ alternating voltage circuit, the pass of low-pressure area time width t and boundary voltage A is $t=\frac{\arcsin \left(\frac{A}{110\sqrt{2}}\right)}{2\mathrm{\π}\×50}$

To be alternating voltage change to the radian value of AV (or becoming) in the other direction from 0V to molecular moiety in the formula, and denominator is that radian total in the second changes numerical value.According to calculating, when low-pressure area boundary voltage A gets different value, obtain following relation table:

Low-pressure area time width t and boundary voltage value A relation table

Boundary voltage A	????10V	????5V	????3V	????1V
					Low-pressure area width t	?204.9us	????102.4us	????61.5us	?20.5?us

As seen, if when the low-pressure area scope is made as 0-10V, time width is 204us in the table.If power line pulse conveyer only transmits a signal at each low-pressure area, there are two in the half cycle, transmit 200 signals each second.

2, about the clock pulse frequency value

The value magnitude relationship of clock pulse frequency number of pulse signals and positioning accuracy in the half period, when having 500-1000 clock pulse to be used to locate in the voltage half cycle, the clock frequency is 50K-100KHZ, be 20-10us clock cycle.

3, about the utilization of three phase mains

Method of communicating signals of the present invention is to carry out in the single-phase loop of power line, and three phase mains has three loops can supply to utilize.When signal is regular pulse, owing to only utilize low-pressure area, voltage cycle to have 2/3rds above times idle under the high pressure blocking state.Because even in time poor the opening of the low-pressure area in three loops of phase place official post of three phase mains is that the pulse signal in three loops of a cover machine processing has been created time conditions.Because of signal transmission density is bigger, the loop is busy when signal transmits in the carrier frequency mode, and computer is difficult to deal with simultaneously the signal processing amount in three loops, can separately set up three independent signal nets.

4, disturb about the signal between the user

If at same current supply circuit two above users are arranged, for example the present invention is used for the occasion of household electrical appliances intelligent management system, and signal can the phase mutual interference.Solution one is in the porch of supply line of family an inductor to be installed; The 2nd, the custom system in the interference effect scope adopts the signal delivering position that staggers mutually.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is summarized.

The application drawing of figure one (A) this patent in the equipment operation monitoring

The application drawing of figure one (B) this patent in the household electrical appliances intelligent management

Figure two (A) pulse signal distribution map

Figure two (B) pulse mode and timing diagram thereof

Figure three signal pulse transmitting element electrical schematic diagrams

Figure four receptions of impulse and anti-interference unit electrical schematic diagram

Figure five power line pulse signal conveyor structures block diagrams

Figure one (A) is the example that this patent is applied to the electromechanical equipment management, and organize content has ON/OFF control, and project is patrolled and examined in the normal range of operation monitoring of electric current, voltage and temperature etc.The weak electric signal of control centre and controlled plant transmits on power line after the extra pulse conveyer is handled, and handles through conveyer to receiving terminal again, transfers conventional weak electric signal to; Figure one (B) lining is in Modern Family, a kind of intelligent management system of apartment building.Signal is obtained from socket with power supply.The pulse conveyer is designed to small and exquisite device, is positioned on the socket, also can directly replace socket position, and permanent fixation on the wall.This intelligent supervisor makes household electrical appliance that intelligence services such as timing ON/OFF in 24 hours are provided by easy user program.

Figure two is the delivering position key diagram of pulse signal.Figure two (A) has represented the distribution of signal in the voltage cycle, and the top of figure two (A) is the voltage jump signal that is distributed in the low-pressure area, and pulse height all is 2A (V), and symbol L, H indicate low-pressure area and higher-pressure region respectively.The middle part of figure is a clock sequence, and sequence length is consistent with the half period, and each sequence is a starting point with voltage 0V all.Between the internal clocking system of each site, owing to all used 0 (V) pulse to make the reset signal of counter from frequency division to counting, frequency is identical again, so the clock synchronization of each site in the signal net.The wherein clock of two sites that only draws among the figure, numeral " 0123 " expression clock pulse numbering direction, J, K are that rise the higher-pressure region, stop, also are high pressure blocking-up time control points.The bottom of figure two (A) has shown that carrier frequency pulse is written into the distribution of signal, is not subjected to placing restrictions on of height nip.Figure two (B) has represented clock pulse (a), computer position pulse (b) and signal pulse (c, d) sequential relationship between and their form; Wherein (c) is voltage jump signal (dotted line is the single half-wave that rectification, separation obtain), (d) is written into signal for carrier frequency; This group signal has been passed on the data message (e) of " 101 ".

Figure three is the signal transmitting unit electrical schematic diagram, and the figure on top has represented that in low-pressure area pulse power voltage (2A) is higher than loop voltage (0-AV), has formed the pulse power carries out pulsed discharge to the loop voltage conditions.Left figure shows that in positive half cycle positive pulse power supply power supply generation positive pulse right figure is a negative half period negative pulse power supply power supply generation negative pulse.The pulse power injects power line by the good switching circuit of frequency characteristic, represents a switching circuit with triode T among the figure.The control signal of switch is a position pulse, is provided by computer, is added on the switching circuit control end through photoelectrical coupler.Figure three bottoms are pulsing unit electrical schematic diagrams, are the schematic diagram of high pressure blocking circuit in the frame of broken lines.

Figure four receives and anti-interference unit electrical schematic diagram for signal pulse.Loop voltage is through behind the blocking circuit, and its sine-shaped high pressure section is reduced to 0V, and the power voltage line signal amplitude after the rectification has only 0-A (V), but signal pulse level height wherein reaches about 2A (V).This unit to the identification first step of signal level be level ratio, consider the decay of signal on power line, the authenticating value of signal pulse is dropped to 1.7A (V).From comparator A1 output among the figure is all voltage signals that reach and surpass pulse signal high level standard on the power line.Next circuit comes detecting signal with one with door I2 simulation gating circuit with receive window detecting signal pulse synchronously under position pulse control among the figure, and the service time of window is controlled by strobe pulse a (position pulse).If do not disturb, can send computer to carry out signal processing with the output of door I2.

There are three to be used for received signal with door and handle to disturb among the figure four: to be signal receiving end with the d end of door I2, to be roomy type Interference Detection end, be superelevation type Interference Detection end with the c end of door I1 with the e end of door I3.Constitute the receive window of paying of checking roomy type disturbing pulse with door I3, window service time and width are by strobe pulse b control, and strobe pulse b equates with a width, but both positions in clock pulse sequence are adjacent before and after being.So, the d end signal is cancelled retransmits when the output d with door I2 receives high level signal, when also obtaining high level with door I3 output e, handles by existing roomy type to disturb.To detect circuit that the superelevation type disturbs and be earlier with comparator A2 be comparison value with 2.3A (V) detects all above the signal of normal level height from low-pressure area, uses with door I1 and the further inspection of window strobe pulse a at receive window whether the superelevation level signal was arranged in the open hour again.When signal receiving end d is a high level, when also being high level, handle signal repetition by existing the superelevation type to disturb with the superelevation type Interference Detection end c of door I1.

Figure five is circuit structure block diagrams of pulse conveyer.This conveyer of expression is connected A phase electric power loop among the figure, and power supply enters after the system one the tunnel and removes internal electric source, and one tunnel voltage detection unit that zero-suppresses obtains to send frequency division and counting unit behind the zero-crossing pulse, and this unit can be in computer, also can be external.The Third Road power supply advances the high voltage blocking circuit, and this circuit is a low-pressure channel, and the transmission of signal pulse and reception are all through this passage.Computer is the core of system, and it will carry out time control according to the locator data in the clock pulse sequence, more will bear information handling task.

Communication resources, the Development of New Generation control equipment of the present invention for excavating power line provides new technological approaches, for computer technology has been opened another application; The present invention in the open air, the equipment centralized management in mine and farmland, the aspects such as intelligent management of Modern Family's household electrical appliances can show unique using value.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of method of utilizing the clock pulse location to transmit pulse signal on power line is characterized in that:

A. utilize the single-phase loop of power line to transmit pulse signal;

B. send and receive on the desired location of pulse signal in the alternating voltage cycle with the power line transmission, transmission and receiving position are located computer control with internal clock pulse;

C. utilize to detect power line current direction breakover point, promptly detect mistake 0 (V) pulse that alternating voltage 0V obtains reset signal as clock pulse counter, and be used for power line signal net internal clocking synchronously;

D. the transmission of pulse signal and be received in positioned internal pulse control and carry out synchronously down;

2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized by the pulse signal that transmits with power line is a kind of voltage jump signal;

3, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized by the pulse signal that transmits with power line, be the carrier wave that is written into of high frequency carrier pulsed " fragment ";

4, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized by and utilize that near the low-voltage section the 0V of two ends transmits one or more pulse signals in the power line alternating voltage half cycle;

5, in accordance with the method for claim 1, each site that it is characterized by in the signal net need be connected as signal with power line by a pulse conveyer, and conversion of signals and signal transmit.

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