CN1306610A - 带有发光二极管的光源 - Google Patents

带有发光二极管的光源 Download PDF

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CN1306610A
CN1306610A CN00800939A CN00800939A CN1306610A CN 1306610 A CN1306610 A CN 1306610A CN 00800939 A CN00800939 A CN 00800939A CN 00800939 A CN00800939 A CN 00800939A CN 1306610 A CN1306610 A CN 1306610A
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light
reflector
light source
axle
parallel
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T·马沙尔
M·D·帕施利
S·赫尔曼
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/04—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S10/00—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
    • F21S10/02—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect changing colors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/37—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
    • F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
    • F21S43/33—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • F21V7/30—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
    • F21S43/31—Optical layout thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
    • F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

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Abstract

一种沿着一个反射器(20)的长度设置多种颜色的LED光源(10)的直线阵列,把该反射器设置成可以包含在光源(10)的半锥体角内的基本上所有光线,并把它的形状做成沿着它的宽度可以基本上均匀地照明。可以把反射器(20)的构形做成一个平滑的Lambertian表面,或者做成由一系列平的镜面反射段近似的一条曲线。

Description

带有发光二极管的光源
本发明设计有反射装置的光源，该反射装置使来自多色的发光二极管(LED)阵列的光混合起来，更具体地说，设计一种不引人注目(low-profile)的光源，它由一个直线的LED阵列产生白光。
一种用来安装在天花板中的标准的不引人注目的光源采用有荧光涂层的管状放电灯，这些涂层决定了发射光的光谱。这些灯一般是不能变暗的，并且，使用者对于颜色温度没有任何控制。
多种颜色中的每一种颜色的LED阵列提供了产生一种可以在任何功率水平上控制颜色温度的光源的可能性，从而可以获得一种灯，它可以变暗，并且，可以在任何功率水平下发射出均匀的白光。
日本专利JP-A-06237017的英文摘要公开了一种多色发光二极管灯，它有两种类型的发光二极管的3×3阵列，第一种类型有发射红光和蓝光的元件，而第二种类型有发射红光和绿光的元件。该专利说明的目的是混合颜色，使得混合后的颜色在任何方向上为相同的颜色，但是，没有采取任何光学措施使混合变得容易。它是简单地在用树脂充满的灯箱中的一个二维LED阵列，该装置比提供一定的弥散做得可能稍微多一点。
在1999年3月26日申请的美国申请序列号No.09/277645公开了一种有一个反射器的光源，该反射器将来自一个多色的LED阵列的光混合起来。把该阵列设置在一个反射管的入口孔中，该阵列最好向外发光，朝着像一个喇叭的出口孔，并且，该阵列有方形的截面或其它非圆形的截面。该专利的目的是产生点光形式的准直的白光光束。然而，该设计不适宜于用作大致弥散发光的不引人注目的光源。
本发明的目的是提供一种不引人注目的光源，它由一个多色的LED阵列产生白光，并且，可以在所有功率水平上控制色温并改变色温，也可以变暗。
按照本发明的光源采用了光入射器的一个直线阵列，它包括多种颜色中每一种，典型地为红色、绿色和蓝色的至少一个光入射器。每个入射器有一个带各自颜色的LED，并有一个设计的光学装置，用来把所发射的光线限制在半角为θs的锥体内。所述阵列平行于x-y-z坐标系中的y轴，并把它设置成使基本上所有光线在x和z的正方向上发射。
位于光入射器阵列旁边的一个反射器的形状由x-z平面中在x和z的正方向上的一条曲线确定。所述表面由所述曲线平行于y轴的投影形成，把所述表面设置成接纳基本上所有在阵列中的入射器的半角θs内的光线。
按照本发明的光源的优点为颜色温度可以调节，这是因为可以单独地控制阵列中的每种颜色的LED的功率。同样，该光源可以完全变暗，这是因为可以一致地控制不同颜色的LED的功率。
优选的光源也有两块平面镜，它们在表面的端部平行于x-z平面。它们的目的是包容来自入射器和主反射器的光，并使光的方向指向主反射器或指向出口孔。
反射器最好有一个Lambertian表面，这是一种弥散表面，对于它，反射光的强度基本上与方向无关(理想的弥散表面为Lambert表面)。一种磷光粉涂层可以产生95-99％的反射，而涂刷的铝表面可以产生75％的反射。表面可以有部分的镜面反射能力，从而它有部分定向的反射光。这样的光源可以用作一种壁灯，其中，一部分光指向地面，用于步行的照明，而其余的光给出大致弥散的照明。
该光源最好也包括一块盖板，它对于主反射器提供机械上的保护，并确定出口孔。此板可以是透明的，或者，它可以提供任何所要求程度的弥散。可以把它设计成一个透镜，该透镜与有不均匀强度的一个反射器合作使用。
要注意到，在这里用来确定光源的几何形状所使用的直角坐标系统是人为设定的，它可以是任何其它的坐标系统。然而，对于光学设备在美国传统的方式是把光表示为在负z方向上发射，由正到负。
图1为按照本发明的一种不引人注目的光源的示意性透视图；
图2A为该光源的示意性端视图，示出了其几何形状；
图2B为确定图2A中的参数的表；
图3为一个示意性端视图，示出了带有一个盖板的光源，把该盖板的构形做成一个Fresnel透镜；
图4示出了采用一个主反射器的一种设计变型，把该反射器设计成平行于y轴的一系列镜面反射板条。
参见图1，按照本发明的光源包括一个直线阵列的LED源或入射器10，一个特殊弯曲的Lambertian反射器20，两个镜面反射平面侧壁30，和一个透明的盖板40。LED源10和反射器20的设计参数是相关的。没有单一的最佳设计，而是在像厚度、总光通量输出以及在盖板上颜色混合的程度(所有颜色在一定距离处很好地混合)这样一些参数之间的一组折衷。为了在盖板上获得好的颜色混合，应该使不同颜色的LED分布得尽可能均匀。
光源的宽度为W、长度为L、而厚度为T(分别为x,y和z方向的尺寸；画出的是一个左手坐标系)。对每个尺寸的限制是不同的，这些限制取决于应用，但是，一般地说，宽度为100-400毫米，厚度为宽度的10-25％，而长度可以由大约100毫米变到几米(对长度没有限制)。
每个源10是一个或多个LED芯片加上主光学装置的组装体，组成一个“入射器”。这些入射器的位置在沿着该光源的长度的一个大致直线的阵列中(平行于y轴，靠近x=0)。每个入射器发出的光在半角为θs的一个锥体中，该半角由一个反射器确定，反射器比如为一个复合的抛物面集聚器(CPC)或其它的光学装置。Wolford和Winston(Academic Press,1989)在“高收集能力的成像光学装置”中讨论了CPC。该半角应当为5-30度，典型的值为15度。该锥体的轴线在x-z平面中，并且由x轴线朝向z轴线旋转一个角度θs，使得极端的光线处在x-z平面中(在z=0处)，与x轴平行。
如上面所提到的，反射器20是一个Lambertian反射器，它使弥散达到最大。把该反射器20的形状做成使得入射器或者沿着x方向均匀地照亮该反射器或者最一般地按照一种特别的(非均匀的)图案照亮该反射器。图案的选择取决于应用(见下面采用一种非均匀分布的示例)。由在x-z平面中的一条曲线确定反射器的形状，该形状实现了这种照明图案。该曲线在y方向上的平行投影确定该表面。重要的是要注意到：这样产生的表面相当容易制造。开始的材料(例如玻璃或铝)可以为平面材料，随后把它做成适当的形状，而没有任何“褶皱”。有许多适用的方式可以形成在x-z平面中的曲线的形状。
图2示出了一种方法，其中把入射器发光锥体的全角2θs分成(2n个)间隔，这些间隔的边界为(2n+1个)光线。把第一根光线(r1)选择成该入射器的一根极端的光线，使2θs角度含有x轴。把表面的开始点(x1,y1)选择在x1=αW，离开入射器的中心(在x=0处)有一个任意的距离，并且，z1=z0+αWtan(2θs)，从而使发自入射器的一根极端光线与这一点相交。α典型地大约为0.05，但是，它可以作为一个设计参数改变。z0为入射器的出口孔在z轴的投影。把下一个点(x2,y2)选择成使它在下一根光线(r2)上，在x方向上的距离与对于该x坐标所希望的光通量份额φ1的倒数成正比。要注意到，对于均匀分布的情况，对于所有的i,φi=1/(2n)。在所有情况下，用光通量加权的系数φ1是归一化的，即，∑φi=1。通过重复这一步骤确定后面的各点(见在图2中导出的公式)，随后，把这一组点连接起来，并使曲线适当地平滑。对于适当地起作用来说，平滑的细节并不重要。也可以经验性地设计曲线，或者通过实验，或者采用一个光线跟踪程序。可以用尝试的方式改变有图2的大致形状的反射器，直到在盖板上(或在离开该盖板的某个中间距离)的分布有所要求的分布，均匀分布或另外的分布。
主反射器20的边界为两块平面镜30(在y=0和y=L处，与x-z平面平行)。这两块镜子30在z方向上的边界为x-y平面(在z=0处)和主反射器表面。它们的目的是包容光线(来自LED源的光线、来自主反射器的光线以及由盖板反射的光线)并使光线重新取向到或者主反射器或者出口孔。
透明的盖板40向主反射器20提供机械上的保护，并形成出口孔。该盖板也可以是塑料或玻璃的。此盖板可以是一块平滑的平板(即，于净透明的)，或者，它可以有任何所希望数量的弥散(例如，研磨的玻璃、棱柱玻璃、波纹状玻璃等等)。盖板的具体性能将影响光源的外观，并在一定程度上影响光输出的整体分布。对于运行的原理而言，盖板不是本质性的，而容许有设计上的改型。
最基本的可以改变的参数为入射器的发射图案和方向。入射器决定像光源的宽度和厚度、近场颜色混合的程度(即，在出口孔处看到的情况)，以及对于给定的出口孔面积的总光通量输出这样的参数。
作为入射器如何影响光源的尺寸以及如何影响对于给定的光源尺寸的总光通量输出的一个示例，考虑参数θs，即，入射器的发光的角度的宽度。由于étendue的不变性，角度θs越大，入射器的出口孔可以越小。较小的入射器可以有更高的组装密度(因此，对于给定的光源长度可以有更多的光通量输出)。但是，如果θ2s必须较大，就必须增加光源的厚度(如考虑图2可以看到的那样)。在另一方面，较大的θs使得近场颜色可以有较好的横向混合，这是因为光束在反射器上有更大的重叠。
一个可能的设计变型是：可以使每个入射器的位置为使它的锥体轴线由x-z平面旋转一个特别的角度θt。例如，可以把离开光源的中点的入射器旋转到稍微朝向中心的点(一个“前束”角度)。
此外，每个入射器可以把光发射进一个椭圆形的锥体中，在x-y平面中较宽，半角可以高达45度，而在x-z平面中较窄。这样使混合和尺寸达到最佳，但是，代价是一定程度上增加了设计的复杂性。
另一种变型是设置两排或更多排入射器。这样的好处是增加了可用光的数量，也改进了混合(因为多于一个的LED可以照亮反射器相同的区域)，而在一定程度上使主反射器的设计变得复杂，并增加了厚度。
在又一种变型中，可以把主反射器制作成有部分反射率/部分Lambertian反射率(靠几种技术中任何一种)。这样的光源可以有部分定向的光束。一个示例性的应用是一种壁灯，在这种光源中，把光的一部分指向地面，用作步行的照明，而其余的光给出弥散的照明。
图3示出了一种应用的一个示例，它采用横截着出口孔的一种非均匀的强度分布。可以把主反射器设计成在中心有一个强度很高的峰值(即，把更多的光集中在x-y平面中靠近x=W/2的线)。透明的盖板40是一个圆柱形的Fresnel透镜，在x-z平面中的输出分布将集中在-z方向附近。在y-z平面的分布将保持为Lambertian分布。
图4示出了一种变型，其中，用一系列平的镜面反射部段32近似弯曲的主反射器30，用不接收光的中间部段34把这些反射部段连接起来。部段32的取向使得可以获得任何希望方向的反射光，在这里所示出的为所有光线平行于z轴。因为存在有强烈的非各向同性的散布性的金属反射器，对于这种类型的反射器有相当大的设计自由度。
上面所述内容为示意性的，并不想限制下面的权利要求书的范围。

Claims (10)

1．一种光源，其包括：
光入射器的一个直线阵列，它包括至少一个入射器(10)，用来发射多种颜色中的每一种颜色的光，每个入射器在一个半角为θs的锥体中发射光线，所述阵列平行于x-y-z坐标系中的y轴，并把它设置成使得基本上所有所述光线在x和z的正方向上发射；以及
一个反射器(20)，它的表面的形状由x-z平面中在x和z的正方向上的一条曲线确定，所述表面由所述曲线平行于y轴的投影形成，把所述表面设置成接纳基本上所有在阵列中的入射器的半角θs内的所述光线。
2．如权利要求1所述的光源，其特征在于，所述反射器(20)为一个Lambertian反射器。
3．如权利要求2所述的光源，其特征在于，所述反射器的所述表面涂有一种磷光物质。
4．如权利要求3所述的反射器，其特征在于，所述表面为涂刷的铝。
5．如权利要求1所述的光源，其还包括一对平面的反射侧壁(30)，它们平行于x-z平面，并且是反射器(20)的表面的边界。
6．如权利要求1所述的光源，其特征在于，反射器(20)的形状使得入射器(10)在x方向上均匀地照明。
7．如权利要求1所述的光源，其特征在于，所述光线包括一对极端的光线，它们是在x-z平面中由所述阵列发射的光线的边界，所述极端光线之一在z=0处平行于x轴，另一根所述极端光线在z=z0处以相对于x轴有2θs的角度发射。
8．如权利要求1所述的光源，其特征在于，每个入射器(10)包括一个LED，它发射各自颜色的光，并包括一个设计的光学装置，用来把所发射的光线限制在半角为θs的锥体内。
9．如权利要求1所述的光源，其特征在于，所述直线阵列包括至少两排光入射器(10)。
10．如权利要求1所述的光源，其特征在于，所述曲线由一系列平段(32)近似，把这些平段设置成与y轴平行，并使它们的取向为对于每一根板条随着x坐标改变。
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