The production method of Nucleotide
The present invention is relevant with the technology that with the nucleosides is the raw material synthesizing ribonucleotide, and is especially relevant with the extensive synthesis technique of Nucleotide.
The basic substance of dna replication dna is 5 '-ribonucleoside triphosphote (abbreviation Nucleotide).POCl such as Yoskihawa
3With nucleoside phosphorus acylated obtain based on 5 '-product of dichloro phosphoric acid nucleoside.Slotin etc. is at neutral aqueous solution subsequently, handle in ammoniacal liquor and the ethanolic soln to obtain 5 '-nucleosides monophosphate, 3 ', 5 '-a series of products such as nucleosides cyclic phosphoric acid.Ludwig finds 5 '-the dichloro phosphoric acid nucleoside can be in neutral anhydrous DMF solution reacts the product nucleus guanosine triphosphates with excessive tetra-sodium three positive fourth ammoniums.
Known Nucleotide synthetic method mainly contains:
1, Ott method, with 5 '-the positive fourth ammonium salt of nucleosides list tricresyl phosphate and excessive 1,1 '-carbonyl two acyl imidazoles react 1hr under room temperature, and activation generates 5 '-nucleosides list phosphinylidyne imidazoles.Unreacted 1,1 '-carbonyl two acyl imidazoles remove with methyl alcohol.Generate 5 '-nucleosides list phosphinylidyne imidazoles and pyrophosphate salt reaction generation 5 '-ribonucleoside triphosphote.
Reaction product DEAE anion fiber resin chromatography column separating purification.Adopt 0-0.4mol carbon triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid ammonium to carry out gradient elution, gained Nucleotide triethylammonium salts dissolve with methanol, as go into sodium perchlorate and make the transition into sodium salt.
2, Ludwig method, 0.26mmolPOCl
3, join in 0.5ml trimethyl phosphite 99 and the 0.20mmol nucleosides suspension, 0 ℃ is stirred 1.5hr.The DMF solution and the 0.2mlBu that add 2ml 0.5M tetra-sodium three positive fourth ammonium salts in the reaction mixture
3N, vigorous stirring rapidly.The carbon triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid ammonium damping fluid hydrolysis that adds pH=7.5 after one minute.Reaction product is separated with DEAE fibre resin chromatography, and eluent is the carbonic acid triethylammonium salts, and the 0-0.4mol gradient elution gets the Nucleotide triethylammonium salts.
The shortcoming of currently known methods:
Ott method technical process complexity, must at first cut 5 '-nucleosides list ammonium phosphate salt, use the secondary chromatographic separation, and adopt DEAE fibre resin chromatography to separate, technology is difficult to amplify, and is difficult to obtain high purity product, must be with high pressure liquid chromatography separation and purification once more.
The reaction of Ludwig method is simple, but adopts the DEAE resin isolation to be difficult to equally amplify, and can only be amplified within the 1g scope, and yield is extremely low, has only about 5%; In addition, Nucleotide is used for duplicating of DNA, requires not contain pyrophosphate salt, because tetra-sodium can complexing Ca
2+, Mg
2+, and Ca
2+, Mg
2+Be the cofactor of archaeal dna polymerase, so will influence the catalytic activity of archaeal dna polymerase if there is pyrophosphate salt to exist in the product.This method is used too much tetra-sodium fourth ammonium salt, must use HPLC to separate and remove pyrophosphate salt, and HPLC is difficult to amplify and cost is quite high.
It is simple to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of technology, synthesizing ribonucleotide on a large scale, product yield height, purity height, the production method of the Nucleotide that production cost is low.
The present invention is achieved in that
The production method of Nucleotide of the present invention comprises POCl
3Be added in trimethyl phosphite 99 and the nucleosides suspension and react, add pyrophosphate salt in the reaction mixture, stir the back and go up the resin column separating purification, get nucleoside triphosphate salt with the carbonate solution gradient elution.It is characterized in that described resin column is an ion exchange resin GJ0l post, the preparation method of GJDl post is as follows:
(1) gelatin is added in the deionized water, heated and stirred forms the aqueous gelatin solution of 0.5-1.0% weight to 50-70 ℃;
(2) in aqueous gelatin solution, add the benzoyl peroxide of 0.5-1.0% weight successively, the gasoline of 10-20% weight and dioxane, the vinylbenzene of 10-30% weight, the divinylbenzene of 1-5% weight, granular size and hardness are observed in sampling at set intervals, treat the particle hardening, be warming up to 70-90 ℃ and be incubated 5-10 hour, filter water washing, dry, sieve and get 100-120 order Archon;
(3) with the Archon chloromethylation, the chloromethyl methyl ether that 1-5 kilogram Archon adds 2-3 times of weight soaked swelling 1-3 hour;
(4) stirring of swelling Archon is warming up to 30-60 ℃;
(5) zinc chloride of adding Archon weight 10-50% continues to stir 2-6 hour, filter, and washing with acetone, vacuum-drying is sieved and is collected 100-120 order chloromethyl resin;
(6) 1-5 kilogram chloromethyl resin is added in the dioxane mixture of the 40% diethanolamine aqueous solution of 1-5 times of weight and 1-4 times of weight, stirring at normal temperature 10-24 hour, filter, washing with acetone, washing, drying is sieved and is collected 100-120 order GJ01 resin.
With the pre-treatment of GJ01 resin column, its method is before use in the present invention: with 1 kilogram of GJ01 resin and the 1500 ml waters 9 centimetres of chromatography columns of diameter of packing into, soaked 24 hours, with distilled water washing 1 time, hydrochloric acid, each washing of sodium hydroxide are once, and is standby with distilled water washing back again.
Pyrophosphate salt of the present invention is the tetra-sodium three second ammoniums of 0.1-0.5M, and the volume ratio of itself and trimethyl phosphite 99 is 1-5: 2-4.
The preparation method of tetra-sodium three second ammoniums of the present invention is as follows:
(1) trisodium phosphate is dissolved in distilled water, gets the trisodium phosphate aqueous solution of 2.0-6.0% concentration,
(2) with Dowex50 (acid type) ion exchange column of solution by the 20-100 kilogram, washing exchanges sodium ion and hydrogen ion, generates tetra-sodium, merge to collect liquid,
(3) will collect the liquid concentrating under reduced pressure,
(4) in concentrated solution, add the triethylamine of 1-4 times of volume, react tetra-sodium three second ammoniums, evaporate to dryness adds dry DMF to 1-4 times of volume.
The preparation method of nucleoside triphosphate of the present invention is as follows:
(1) nucleosides 0.5-1mol is suspended in 2.0-4.0 and rises in the trimethyl phosphite 99, stir, after ice-water bath cooling 10-40 branch is planted, slowly add 40-120 milliliter POCl
3Stir generated in 1-4 hour based on 5 '-mixture of single phosphoric acid nucleoside,
(2) add 0.1-0.5M tetra-sodium three second ammonium 1-5 and open, violent stirring 10-120 minute, generate based on 5 '-mixture of nucleoside triphosphate,
(3) add 0.5-1.5M ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution 2-6 liter, underpressure distillation adds 500-1000 ml water solution to doing,
(4) with GJ01 post on the aqueous solution, at first with the washing of 5-10 premium on currency, use the ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution gradient elution of 0-0.8M again, collect product flow part, underpressure distillation to crystal is separated out, and filters, and washs the dry nucleoside triphosphate ammonium salt that gets,
(5) the nucleoside triphosphate ammonium salt is dissolved in 1000-4000 milliliter distilled water,, and washs with 1000-2000 milliliter distilled water by 1000-2000 milliliter Dowex50 (sodium-ion type) ion exchange column, merge effluent liquid, underpressure distillation, lyophilize gets white nucleoside triphosphate sodium salt.
The present invention can use the pyrophosphate salt of equivalent to add in the suspension.
Nucleosides in (1) of the present invention is 0.54mol, and trimethyl phosphite 99 is 2.8 liters, and ice-water bath cooling time is 20 minutes, adds POCl
3, trimethyl phosphite 99 is 2.8 liters, ice-water bath cooling time is 20 minutes, adds POCl
3It is 60 milliliters, the violent stirring time is 50 minutes, (3) add 3 liters of 1M ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solutions in, add the dissolving of 1000 ml waters, (4) go up the GJ01 post in and at first wash, use the ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution gradient elution of 0-0.2M again, in (5) the nucleoside triphosphate ammonium salt is dissolved in 3000 milliliters of distilled waters with 10 premium on currency, by 1000 milliliters of Dowex50 ion exchange columns, and with the washing of 1000 milliliters of distilled waters.
Nucleosides of the present invention is 2 '-Desoxyadenosine or 2 '-deoxythymidine or 2 '-pancreatic desoxyribonuclease or 2 '-Deoxyribose cytidine or adenosine or uridine or guanosine or cytidine or 2 ', 3 '-ddAdo or 2 ', 3 '-videx or 2,3 '-dideoxyguanosine or 2 ', 3 '-dideoxycytidine or base structure modify 2 '-nucleosides that deoxynucleoside or base structure are modified or base structure modify 2 ', 3 '-dideoxyribonucleoside.
The present invention compares with known synthetic method, have easy, efficient, be suitable for advantages such as mass-producing.Nucleosides and POCl
3In the trimethyl phosphite 99 solvent systems, react; formation 5 '-single phosphorylated product; then with equivalent pyrophosphate salt reaction and prolong triphosphoric acid time product nucleus thuja acid, product is with the macroporous weak base ion exchange resin absorption of development voluntarily and with ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution gradient wash-out.Warp
31The P magnetic resonance detection, do not contain in the product pyrophosphate salt, 5 '-nucleosides list phosphoric acid and 5 '-nucleoside diphosphate.Product amount is in hectogram, and yield is about 10-15%.
The present invention has following principal feature with the currently known methods comparison:
1, the present invention is extensive synthesizing ribonucleotide technology, and product amount is in hectogram; And that currently known methods only adapts to is on a small scale synthetic, and its product is only in mg, ug;
2, adopt improved Ludwig method, reaction feed ratio, temperature of reaction and reaction times are all different.Use the pyrophosphate salt of equivalent, the Zeitigung that prolongs triphosphoric acidization obtains higher yield.Because the tetra-sodium usage quantity is little, for next step separation and purification has brought convenience.
3, reactant is not with the hydrolysis of carbon triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid ammonium damping fluid, but uses the ammonium bicarbonate soln hydrolysis;
4, product adopts the macroporous weakly basic anion exchange resin absorption of development voluntarily, and makes gradient elution separation purifying Nucleotide with the ammonium bicarbonate soln of 0-0.8M, can obtain product through the flash liberation purifying.
5, carry out ion acquisition transition ribonucleotide sodium salt with the Dowex50 strong-acid cation-exchange resin.
Following is accompanying drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a production scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow sheet of preparation ion exchange resin GJ01.
Following is that enforcement of the present invention is fallen:
The preparation of embodiment 1:dATP
1, the preparation of tetra-sodium three second ammoniums:
The 4.5 kilograms of trisodium phosphates that can buy from the market (100mol) are dissolved in 100 liters of distilled waters, and by Dowex50 (50 liters, acid type) ion exchange column, 100 premium on currency are washed, and merge to collect liquid.Be evaporated to 10 liters, add 10 liters of triethylamines, evaporate to dryness adds dry DMF to 40 liter, and the solution that is mixed with 0.25M is standby in 4 ℃ of preservations.
2, the preparation of ion exchange resin GJ01:
100-120 order Archon: 400 gram gelatin add in 40 kilograms of deionized waters, heated and stirred to 70 ℃, treat that gelatin all dissolves, add 400 gram benzoyl peroxides, 8 kilograms of gasoline and dioxane, 10 kilograms of vinylbenzene, 2 kilograms of divinylbenzenes (content 50%) successively, observe granular size and hardness every sampling in 10 minutes, and reconcile stirring velocity.Treat the particle hardening, be warming up to 90 ℃ and be incubated 8 hours.Filter, water washing is dried, and sieving, it is standby to get 100-120 order Archon.
Chloromethylation: 5 kilograms of 100-120 order Archons add 15 kilograms of chloromethyl methyl ethers, and soaking solution 2 hours stirs and is warming up to 50 ℃, add 2300 gram zinc chloride, continue to stir 4 hours, filter, washing with acetone, vacuum-drying is sieved and is collected 100-120 order chloromethyl resin.Cl content 15%.
Tertiary amineization: 1 kilogram of chloromethyl resin adds in 5 kilogram of 40% (weight concentration) diethanolamine aqueous solution and the 4 kilograms of dioxane mixtures, and stirring at normal temperature 12 hours is filtered, washing with acetone, and washing, drying is sieved and is collected 100-120 order GJ10 resin.
3, the pre-treatment of GJ10 post:
1 kilogram of GJ10 resin and the 1500 ml waters 9 centimetres of chromatography columns of diameter of packing into soaked 24 hours, 3000 milliliters of distilled waters washings 1 time, 3000 milliliters of 2N hydrochloric acid, each washing of 2N sodium hydroxide once, 3000 milliliters of distilled waters washing backs are standby.
4, the preparation of dATP:
2 '-(135 grams 0.54mol) are suspended in 2.8 liters of trimethyl phosphite 99s Desoxyadenosine, stir and cool off with ice-water bath.After 20 minutes, in reaction mixture, slowly add 60 milliliters of POCl
3, continue to stir 2 hours.Add 0.25M tetra-sodium three second ammoniums (2000 milliliters), violent stirring was poured 1M ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution (3 liters) into after 50 minutes, underpressure distillation is to doing, add the dissolving of 1000 ml waters, last GJ10 post at first washs with 10 premium on currency, use the ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution gradient elution of 0-0.2M again, collect product flow part, underpressure distillation to crystal is separated out, and places 12 hours, filter, wash the dry 28 gram dATP ammonium salts that get.25 gram dATP ammonium salts are dissolved in 3000 milliliters of distilled waters,, and wash with 1000 milliliters of distilled waters by 1000 milliliters of Cowex (sodium-ion type) ion exchange column, merge effluent liquid, underpressure distillation, cooling drying, get white dATP sodium salt (29.5 grams, yield 10.2%).Purity>98% (HPLC method);
31P-NMR(D
2O+NaOD):-8.734(d,J=19Hz);-10.302(d,J=18Hz);-19.102(t=J=18Hz)。
The preparation of embodiment 2:dTTP: '
The same dATP of technology, 2 '-deoxythymidine consumption 122 grams, yield 15%; Purity>98% (HPLC method);
31P-NMR (D
2O+NaOD) :-8.347 (d, J=19Hz);-10.829 (d, J=19Hz);-21.238 (t, J=19Hz).
The preparation of embodiment 3:dGTP:
The same dATP of technology, 2 '-pancreatic desoxyribonuclease consumption 144 grams, yield 10%; Purity>98% (HPLC method);
31P-NMR(D
2O+NaOD):-8.356(d,J=19Hz);-10.735(d,J=19Hz);-21.646(t,J=19Hz)。
Embodiment 4:dCTP
The same dATP of technology, 2 '-pancreatic desoxyribonuclease consumption 144 grams, yield 10%; Purity>98% (HPLC method);
31P-NMR(D
2O+NaOD):-8.694(d,J=20Hz);-10.934(d,J=20Hz);-21.818(t,J=20Hz)。