CN1301968A - Land and sea compatible and three-dimensional imaging radar altimeter system and its design method - Google Patents
Land and sea compatible and three-dimensional imaging radar altimeter system and its design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1301968A CN1301968A CN99127340A CN99127340A CN1301968A CN 1301968 A CN1301968 A CN 1301968A CN 99127340 A CN99127340 A CN 99127340A CN 99127340 A CN99127340 A CN 99127340A CN 1301968 A CN1301968 A CN 1301968A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to aerospace microwave remote sensing technology. The novel radar altimeter is designed for observation deflecting from zenith by 1.5-2 deg in limited beam working mode and by using uperture synthesis technology, twin antenna coherent technology, etc. in azimuth. It has accurate distance finding capacity itself and thus needs no other distance finding equipment. The altimeter of the present invention may be used in the observation of ocean, sea ice and land, the measurement of average surface height and 3-D landform, military plotting and reconnaissance.
Description
The invention belongs to space flight microwave remote sensing technique field.
First spaceborne radar altitude gauge carries on No. 17 spaceships of Appolo and carried out preliminary experiment in the world.And then the spaceborne altitude gauge on " skylab-193 " (73 years) of the U.S. has been obtained preliminary success, and altimetry precision is about 1 meter.Altitude measuring high precision on Geos-3 (U.S.) had reached 50 centimetres in 75 years.Altitude gauge on the Geosat (U.S. Navy) of altitude gauge on the U.S. seasat Seasat-A in 1978 and emission in 1985 b referred to as third generation altitude gauge, and they have adopted chirp to go oblique technology entirely, make measuring accuracy greatly improve.For example altimetry precision has reached 10cm.Entered since the nineties, altitude gauge on ERS-1 that European Space Agency successively launches (91 years) and the ERS-2 (95 years), altitude gauge on altitude gauge on the Topex/Poseidon satellite of emission in 92 years and the former Geosat/TP satellite (postpone emission) that schedules emission in 1996 and the altitude gauge on the ENVISAT-1 satellite of emission in 2000 belong to the 4th generation altitude gauge.Wherein the altitude gauge on the Topex/Poseidon satellite has adopted double frequency (13.6GHz and 5.3GHz).Altimetry precision has reached 2 centimetres, and can carry out the ionospheric error self calibration.Dispose the microwave radiometer of a plurality of wave bands in addition, therefore can carry out Atmospheric corrections simultaneously.Nearly 2 years the U.S. Johns Hopkins university Experiment of Applied Physics chamber (APL) R.Keith Raney etc. a kind of new radar altimeter has been proposed, thereby promptly utilize the orientation to the characteristics of Doppler frequency displacement echoed signal carry out synthetic processing of non-focusing and obtain along the orientation to the radar altimeter of higher resolution.According to result of theoretic analysis, this altitude gauge is very effective to the observation of sea ice.In the later stage eighties, the C.ELACHI of JPL etc. once proposed the scanning radar altitude gauge, but did not have height tracing, was different from native system and did not put into practice.
The radar altimeter of all lift-offs up to now all can only be used for oceanographic observation, and can not be used for land more can not imaging.
List of references is seen C.Elachi, K.E.Im, F.K.Li, and E.Rodriquez, " Globaldigital topographic mapping with a synthetic aperture scanning radaraltimeter, " International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1990, vol.11, no.4 585-601.
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of novel can three-dimensional imaging and can be China's national defense and economic construction service simultaneously with the New Type Radar altitude gauge of Yu Haiyang and land observation and 3 D topographic surveying.
The principle of work of the novel compatible three-dimensional imaging radar altimeter in extra large land may be summarized to be the following aspects:
(1) depart from 1.5 ° to 2 ° observations of zenith point, adopt the limited working method of wave beam, can increase the ground swath, can obtain simultaneously distance to resolution.
(2) in the orientation to adopting bore diameter synthesizing technology, improve the orientation to resolution.
(3) adopt the double antenna coherent technique, obtain the elevation information that coherence messages also therefrom obtains resolution elements.
(4) height measurement method of the traditional altitude gauge of employing adopts the pulse restricted manner to obtain the average face of land (sea, land) height and sea level significant wave height information.
(5) employing departs from focus point height tracing algorithm (Off-set Center of Gravity, OCOG) design and the irrelevant height tracing device of echo model, the extra large land compatibility of realization altitude gauge.
Accompanying drawing 1 has provided system principle diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 has provided system's most preferred embodiment theory diagram.
Technology realizes approach
(1) antenna adopts the incision paraboloid reflecting antenna, with obtain distance to the orientation to different beam angles and high-gain.
(2) adopt in the imaging processor non-focusing bore diameter synthesizing technology improve the orientation to resolution.
(3), change the bandwidth that transmits according to ocean, three different mode of operations of sea ice and land.The ocean model signal bandwidth is the wideest, and the sea ice pattern is taken second place, land pattern bandwidth minimum.
(4) main channel and accessory channel receiver are broadband receiver, and bandwidth is 320MHz.Require the phase place of two passages consistent in whole bandwidth.
(5) tracker utilizes high-speed dsp to carry out FFT, and adopts software to realize.
(6) height tracing adopts real-time mode, and three-dimensional imaging is handled the non real-time mode that adopts.
The course of work of the present invention:
Broadband Chirp (linear FM signal) 5 provides and launches through main antenna 1, after certain time-delay (antenna is to the round trip path delay of terrain object), main antenna 1 and auxilliary antenna 2 receive signal and enter main channel broadband receiver 4 and secondary channels broadband receiver 3 respectively through switch.The intermediate-freuqncy signal of main channel broadband receiver 4 and 3 outputs of secondary channels broadband receiver produces two-way numeral IQ signal by the high-speed a/d Direct Sampling.Numeral IQ signal is when entering mass storage, enter DSP and carry out FFT, by carrying out analysis of spectrum, thereby digital I/O mouth is operated the gain (being AGC control) of control main channel broadband receiver 4 and secondary channels broadband receiver 3 according to its amplitude information with the irrelevant 8 pairs of digital IQ signals of tracker of echo model.With the data output of the irrelevant tracker 8 of echo model be exactly the data (accurate height metrical information is provided) of traditional altitude gauge.Enter the digital IQ signal of mass storage, after aerial mission is finished, carry out post-processed.After accessory channel imaging processor 6 and 7 processing of main channel imaging processor, obtain the dried raw image of corresponding two parafacies.Two images enter image registration again and phase correction processor 9 carries out image registration and phase correction, separate the phase place winding through phase unwrapping around handling 10 then, obtain the complete complex pattern of same ground region (being that each pixel all has phase place (poor) and amplitude information in the image).At last each pixel in the image is carried out phase differential-height conversion 11 and handle, just can finally obtain three-dimensional image.
Compared to Figure 1 Fig. 2 has increased and has looked processing unit 15 and 16, self-adaptation variable bandwidth unit 17 more. Look processing unit 15 and 16 more, respectively processing is carried out looking in main channel and secondary channels image more, eliminate speckle noise, improve image quality.Self-adaptation variable bandwidth unit 17 changes corresponding transmitted signal bandwidth according to ocean, sea ice and land mode of operation.
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has:
(1) possess the compatible and three-dimensional imaging ability in extra large land, and the normal radar altimeter can only be used for Oceanographic observation;
The microwave remote sensor that (2) can carry out at present 3 D topographic surveying only has relevant SAR. But Be that relevant SAR does not have accurate range measurement ability, need other auxiliary Distance-sensing Device. And the radar altimeter itself that the present invention proposes has possessed accurate range measurement ability, like this The auxiliary distance measuring equipment that does not just need other.
The altimeter that the present invention proposes can be used Yu Haiyang, sea ice and land observation, measures fifty-fifty The table height, 3 D topographic surveying, and military mapping and scouting.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method for designing that can realize the altitude gauge of extra large land compatibility and three-dimensional imaging radar is characterized in that:
(1) depart from 1.5 ° to 2 ° observations of zenith point, adopt the limited working method of wave beam, can increase the ground swath, can obtain simultaneously distance to resolution;
(2) in the orientation to adopting bore diameter synthesizing technology, improve the orientation to resolution;
(3) adopt the double antenna coherent technique, obtain the elevation information that coherence messages also therefrom obtains resolution elements;
(4) height measurement method of the traditional altitude gauge of employing adopts the pulse restricted manner to obtain the average face of land (sea, land) height and sea level significant wave height information;
(5) employing departs from focus point height tracing algorithm (Off-set Center of Gravity, OCOG) design and the irrelevant height tracing device of echo model, the extra large land compatibility of realization altitude gauge; Technology realizes approach
(1) antenna adopts the incision paraboloid reflecting antenna, with obtain distance to the orientation to different beam angles and high-gain;
(2) adopt in the imaging processor non-focusing bore diameter synthesizing technology improve the orientation to resolution;
(3), change the bandwidth that transmits according to ocean, three different mode of operations of sea ice and land.The ocean model signal bandwidth is the wideest, and the sea ice pattern is taken second place, land pattern bandwidth minimum;
(4) main channel and accessory channel receiver are broadband receiver, and bandwidth is 320MHz.Require the phase place of two passages consistent in whole bandwidth;
(5) tracker utilizes high-speed dsp to carry out FFT, and adopts software to realize;
(6) height tracing adopts real-time mode, and three-dimensional imaging is handled the non real-time mode that adopts.
2, the compatible also altitude gauge system of three-dimensional imaging radar in a kind of extra large land, it is characterized in that by as the main antenna that transmits and receives, receive only the auxilliary antenna of not launching, the accessory channel broadband receiver, the main channel broadband receiver, transmitter, accessory channel imaging processor, main channel imaging processor, with the irrelevant tracker (adopting the OCOG algorithm to realize) of echo model, image registration and phase correction processor, phase unwrapping is around processor, phase differential-height conversion unit, tradition altitude gauge data cell, three-dimensional image unit, platform parameter unit (attitude for example, movement locus, speed etc.) form; The course of work is that broadband Chirp (linear FM signal) transmitter provides and launches through main antenna, after certain time-delay (antenna is to the round trip path delay of terrain object), main antenna and auxilliary antenna receive signal and enter main channel broadband receiver and secondary channels broadband receiver respectively through switch.The intermediate-freuqncy signal of main channel broadband receiver and the output of secondary channels broadband receiver produces two-way numeral IQ signal by the high-speed a/d Direct Sampling.Numeral IQ signal is when entering mass storage, enter DSP and carry out FFT, by digital IQ signal being carried out analysis of spectrum, thereby digital I/O mouth is operated the gain (being AGC control) of control according to its amplitude information with irrelevant tracker main channel broadband receiver and the secondary channels broadband receiver of analogue echoes.With the data output of the irrelevant tracker of analogue echoes be exactly the data (accurate height metrical information is provided) of traditional altitude gauge.Enter the digital IQ signal of mass storage, after aerial mission is finished, carry out post-processed.After accessory channel imaging processor and main channel imaging processor processing, obtain the dried raw image of corresponding two parafacies.Two images enter image registration again and the phase correction unit carries out image registration and phase correction, separate phase place through 10 then and twine, and obtain the complete complex pattern of same ground region (being that each pixel all has phase place (poor) and amplitude information in the image).At last each pixel in the image is carried out phase differential-height conversion and handle, just can finally obtain three-dimensional image.
3, the compatible also altitude gauge system of three-dimensional imaging radar in a kind of extra large land according to claim 2, it is characterized in that behind accessory channel imaging processor and main channel imaging processor, increasing respectively looking processing unit more, respectively processing is carried out looking in main channel and secondary channels image more, eliminate speckle noise, improve image quality.With self-adaptation variable bandwidth unit, change corresponding transmitted signal bandwidth according to ocean, sea ice and land mode of operation.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100458830C (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2009-02-04 | 哈里公司 | Bare earth digital elevation model extraction for three-dimensional registration from topographical points |
| CN100504436C (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Radar altimeter used for detecting and landing in rail |
| CN100507599C (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-07-01 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Flood and field compatible satellite radar height-finding instrument tracker |
| CN101614810B (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2012-01-11 | 电子科技大学 | Method for merging resolutions of linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radars |
| CN103513237A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Broadband coherent polar region deep-layer ice penetrating radar system |
| CN105353369A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Height measurement method for mountainous region under wide radar beam |
| CN107679476A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-09 | 南京大学 | A kind of Sea Ice Types Classification in Remote Sensing Image method |
| CN109085584A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-25 | 电子科技大学 | Multiple-input and multiple-output borehole radar high efficiency imaging method based on high-freedom degree |
| CN111913179A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-10 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Method for improving offshore observation capability of satellite-borne radar altimeter |
| CN112014838A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-01 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Integrally designed altimeter radiometer system |
| CN112083414A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Double-frequency detection method for radar altimeter and satellite-borne equipment |
-
1999
- 1999-12-30 CN CN99127340A patent/CN1301968A/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100458830C (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2009-02-04 | 哈里公司 | Bare earth digital elevation model extraction for three-dimensional registration from topographical points |
| CN100504436C (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Radar altimeter used for detecting and landing in rail |
| CN100507599C (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-07-01 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | Flood and field compatible satellite radar height-finding instrument tracker |
| CN101614810B (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2012-01-11 | 电子科技大学 | Method for merging resolutions of linear array three-dimensional imaging synthetic aperture radars |
| CN103513237A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Broadband coherent polar region deep-layer ice penetrating radar system |
| CN105353369A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Height measurement method for mountainous region under wide radar beam |
| CN107679476A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-09 | 南京大学 | A kind of Sea Ice Types Classification in Remote Sensing Image method |
| CN107679476B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-10-09 | 南京大学 | Sea ice type remote sensing classification method |
| CN109085584A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-25 | 电子科技大学 | Multiple-input and multiple-output borehole radar high efficiency imaging method based on high-freedom degree |
| CN111913179A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-10 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Method for improving offshore observation capability of satellite-borne radar altimeter |
| CN111913179B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-11 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Method for improving offshore observation capability of satellite-borne radar altimeter |
| CN112014838A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-01 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Integrally designed altimeter radiometer system |
| CN112083414A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-15 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Double-frequency detection method for radar altimeter and satellite-borne equipment |
| CN112083414B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-11-14 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Dual-frequency detection method for radar altimeter and satellite-borne equipment |
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