A kind of processing method of symmetrical stepped gear axle and equipment thereof
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method and the equipment thereof of symmetrical stepped gear axle, be suitable for the occasion of symmetrical stepped gear axle processing.
(2) background technique
At present, the modal method of processing gear shaft is a cutting, its processing method is: rough forging, and---------------smart gear hobbing---fine finishing---check for its shaping new method of middle spool gear axle is: rough forging, and------tooth portion finish forge---------check for tooth portion and axial region friction welding to forge after-baking by postwelding semi finishing---fine finishing---in axial region roughing in semi finishing to roll bastard in axial region roughing to forge after-baking.Above-mentioned production technology is complicated, stock utilization low (only about 50%), and energy consumption is big, and productivity is low, the cost height.
In addition to the above methods, the processing method of gear shaft also has: gear shaft finish forge and cold hobbing.Its mold cavity complexity of gear shaft finish forge and cold hobbing, design and accuracy of manufacturing are strict, corner is full of difficulty in the course of working, plastic force is big etc., exist the lubricated in the forming process simultaneously, a series of correlation technique problems such as the no pattern draft lower gear demoulding, especially middle spool gear axle does not still have development.
It as notification number 2311610 french patent application, a kind of wedge shape rolling forming device and method that is used to make the stepped gear axle disclosed, this equipment comprises bolster, mould and regulate the up and down spacing between the mould by thread mechanism up and down equally, blank is put into the up and down die cavity between the mould, by the to-and-fro motion of mould up and down with the blank rolling forming.Wherein mould also is a wedge shape up and down, and they have the tilt angle.The quantity of wedge shaped projection corresponding with the quantity of ladder (twice).
It as notification number 856633 Russian Patent application, disclose a kind of wedge shape rolling forming equipment, mould wherein also has the wedge shape tooth bar, and this tooth bar can be used for forming tooth portion in the roll extrusion process, the both sides of this tooth bar have wedge shaped projection equally, are used to form the shoulder of multidiameter shaft.
The defective that exists is: can process tooth portion and shoulder, but can not process multi-ladder successively, can only be in die cavity the gear shaft of the single shoulder of time processing, also need to process many shoulders once more, machining period is long.
(3) summary of the invention
For the processing method that overcomes existing symmetrical stepped gear axle can not process multi-ladder, the long deficiency of machining period successively, the invention provides a kind of processing method and the equipment thereof that can process multi-ladder successively, shorten a kind of symmetrical stepped gear axle of machining period.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of processing method of symmetrical stepped gear axle may further comprise the steps:
(1), according to the upper and lower mould of size Selection of gear size, profile of tooth and the ladder of the symmetrical stepped gear axle of moulding to be processed, the lengthwise position of upper and lower mould is provided with wedge shape tooth bar and wedge shaped projection, the wedge shaped projection that is symmetrical in tooth bar on the mould is order in the axial direction and arranges, wedge shaped projection quantity is the twice of gear shaft symmetry ladder number, upper and lower mould is respectively installed on the upper and lower template, by radially spiral regulator, axial screw regulating device are regulated;
(2), blank heating is to forging temperature, places in the die cavity that the mould up and down that is in intervening portion forms, in opposite directions during to-and-fro motion, blank is rolled into shape in die cavity about mould is done up and down.
As preferred scheme, in described (2), concrete step is:
(2.1), blank enters die cavity through guiding, through the distortion of rolling of mould front pilot, makes blank from green diameter D
0To D
1
(2.2), blank diameter reaches D
1After, first pair of wedge shaped projection incision of axial order, the tooth top of wedge shape tooth bar is pressed into blank gradually, and the tooth base part metals that contacts with tooth bar produces plastic deformation and Radial Flow under the effect of pressure, and makes rolling movement with tooth bar, forms profile of tooth gradually; The blank two ends make blank from diameter D under first pair of wedge shaped projection effect
1Be gradient to D
2
(2.3), the section diameter reaches D about blank
2After, second pair of wedge shaped projection incision of axial order, shaping axle journal diameter D
3, the wedge shape tooth bar is fade-in the smart district that is shaped, and the amount of being pressed into reduces gradually, enters calibration portion at last, makes it final shaping.
As preferred another kind of scheme: in described (2), concrete step is:
(2.1), blank enters die cavity through guiding, through the distortion of rolling of mould front pilot, makes blank from green diameter D
0To D
1
(2.2), blank diameter reaches D
1After, first pair of wedge shaped projection incision of axial order, under the effect of wedge shaped projection, axial compression power makes plastic deformation and axial flow, and the wedge shaped projection place is rolled into required diameter, and the remaining part blank is from diameter D
1Be gradient to D
2Increment part blank and tooth bar are made rolling movement simultaneously, form profile of tooth gradually;
(2.3), blank intermediate section diameter reaches D
2After, second pair of wedge shaped projection incision of axial order, shaping axle journal diameter D
3, the wedge shape tooth bar is fade-in the smart district that is shaped, and the amount of being pressed into reduces gradually, enters calibration portion at last, makes it final shaping.
In described (2), hot forging temperature is 1000 ℃---1200 ℃.In described (2), the warm forging temperature is 800 ℃.
A kind of process equipment of symmetrical stepped gear axle, comprise upper and lower template, upper and lower mould, radially spiral regulator, axial screw regulating device, upper and lower mould is respectively installed on the upper and lower template, and the lengthwise position of upper and lower mould is provided with wedge shape tooth bar and wedge shaped projection, and wedge shaped projection quantity is the twice of gear shaft symmetry ladder number, be die cavity between the upper and lower mould, the wedge shaped projection that is symmetrical in tooth bar on the mould is order in the axial direction and arranges.
Symmetrical stepped gear axle forming process of the present invention is not have the movement process of sideshake engagement between mould and the blank under certain pressure by tooth bar and cylindrical gears, belong to the chipless processing that becomes principle by model, form the profile of tooth that requires by the plastic flow of metallic material gradually; Be that transverse rolling becomes with the gear model in the combination and the creationary processing technology that applies to gear shaft of processing technology.Wedge shaped projection order is in the axial direction arranged, and a plurality of end differences are shaped successively.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: 1, can process multi-ladder successively, the gear shaft manufacturing process is simplified greatly; 2, manufacture cost obviously reduces; 3, the gear shaft inherent quality behind the finished product is not because of the metal fibrous tissue in the gear is cut off, and makes the technical orders such as fatigue strength, wear resistance of gear improve about 20%;
3, the invention belongs to no cutting, raw material on average save 20~30%.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is of the present invention to becoming the processing method schematic diagram of stepped gear axle.
Fig. 2 is the blank to the processing method that becomes the stepped gear axle of the present invention at the key plan between mould up and down.
Fig. 3 is the shaping embodiment schematic representation to the processing method that becomes the stepped gear axle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is another shaping embodiment schematic representation to the processing method that becomes the stepped gear axle of the present invention.
(5) embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of processing method of symmetrical stepped gear axle may further comprise the steps:
(1), according to size Selection upper die tooling 6, the bed die 8 of gear size, profile of tooth and the ladder of the symmetrical stepped gear axle of moulding to be processed, the lengthwise position of upper die tooling 6, bed die 8 is provided with wedge shape tooth bar 10 and wedge shaped projection 11, the wedge shaped projection 11 that is symmetrical in tooth bar on the mould is order in the axial direction and arranges, protruding 11 numbers of blocks of wedge shape are twices of gear shaft symmetry ladder number, upper die tooling 6, bed die 8 are respectively installed on upper die plate 1, the lower plate 9, by radially spiral regulator, axial screw regulating device are regulated; (2), blank 7 is heated to forging temperature, places in the die cavity that the mould up and down that is in intervening portion forms, in opposite directions during to-and-fro motion, blank 7 is rolled into shape in die cavity about mould is done up and down.
Two horizontal positioned of plate-type wedge rolling machine and attachment face bolster 1 in opposite directions, to-and-fro motion in opposite directions about 9 works, bolster 1, install on 9 and the corresponding mould 6 up and down of symmetrical stepped gear axle shaping, 8, mould 6 up and down, 8 separately lengthwise positions are provided with wedge shape tooth bar and wedge shaped projection, radially spiral regulator is by voussoir 2, spiral 3, locking nut 4 and handle 5 are formed, be used for the radial dimension of regulating tooth wheel shaft and compile being coefficient, the axial screw regulating device is by spiral 3, locking nut 4 and handle 5 are formed, and are used to adjust the left and right sides relative position of mould 6 and 8; Blank 7 enters by in the die cavity that mould 6,8 forms up and down, mould 6,8 to-and-fro motion in opposite directions up and down, and blank 7 is rolled into shape, promptly is processed as symmetrical stepped gear axle.
Blank 7 is positioned at the die cavity of the partial closure that upper die tooling 6 and bed die 7 surrounded, and regulates the radial dimension that voussoir 2 in the middle of upper die tooling 6 and the upper die plate 1 can obtain needed gear shaft.
In the gear working method that present embodiment provides, at first blank 7 is heated to uniform temperature (about 1000 ℃ of forge hot---1200 ℃, about about 800 ℃ of warm forging, decide on concrete material), place in the die cavity of the formation of mould up and down that is in intervening portion, in opposite directions during to-and-fro motion, workpiece blank is rolled into shape in die cavity about up and down mould is done, and concrete steps are as follows:
A. blank enters die cavity I-I through guiding, rolls through the mould front pilot and is out of shape, and makes blank from green diameter D
0To D
1(D
1Determine according to volume invariance principle before and after the profile of tooth shaping);
B. blank diameter reaches D
1(II-II) after, first pair of wedge shaped projection, 11 incisions of axial order, stop the profile of tooth material to be shunted to the left and right, then the tooth top of wedge shape tooth bar is pressed into blank gradually, the tooth base part metals that contacts with tooth bar, under the effect of pressure, produce plastic deformation and Radial Flow, and make rolling movement, form profile of tooth gradually with tooth bar.The blank two ends make blank from diameter D under the wedge shaped projection effect
1Be gradient to D
2
C. the section diameter reaches D about blank
2(III-III) after, second pair of wedge shaped projection, 11 incisions of axial order, shaping axle journal diameter D
3, and the wedge shape tooth bar is fade-in the smart district that is shaped, the amount of being pressed into reduces gradually, enters calibration portion at last, makes it final shaping.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, the upper die tooling 6 of present embodiment is different with embodiment 1 with the die cavity of the partial closure that bed die 7 is surrounded, and all the other structures are identical with embodiment 1.
The concrete steps of the rolling forming of present embodiment are as follows:
A, blank 7 enter die cavity I-I through guiding, roll through the mould front pilot and are out of shape, and make blank from green diameter D
0To D
1(D
1Determine according to volume invariance principle before and after the profile of tooth shaping);
B, blank 7 diameters reach D
1(II-II) after, first pair of wedge shaped projection, 11 incisions of axial order stop the profile of tooth material to be shunted to the left and right, then under the effect of wedge shaped projection 11, axial compression power makes plastic deformation and axial flow, and wedge shaped projection 11 places are rolled into required diameter, and the remaining part blank is from diameter D
1Be gradient to D
2Increment part blank and tooth bar are made rolling movement simultaneously, form profile of tooth gradually;
C, blank intermediate section diameter reach D
2(III-III) after, second pair of wedge shaped projection, 11 incisions of axial order, shaping axle journal diameter D
3, the wedge shape tooth bar is fade-in the smart district that is shaped, and the amount of being pressed into reduces gradually, enters calibration portion at last, makes it final shaping.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, a kind of process equipment of symmetrical stepped gear axle, comprise upper and lower template 1,9, upper and lower mould 7,8, radially spiral regulator, axial screw regulating device, upper and lower mould is respectively installed on the upper and lower template, the lengthwise position of upper and lower mould 7,8 is provided with wedge shape tooth bar 10 and wedge shaped projection 11, wedge shaped projection 11 quantity are twices of gear shaft symmetry ladder number, between the upper and lower mould 7,8 is die cavity, and the wedge shaped projection 11 that is symmetrical in tooth bar on the mould is order in the axial direction and arranges.
Two horizontal positioned of plate-type wedge rolling machine and attachment face bolster 1 in opposite directions, to-and-fro motion in opposite directions about 9 works, bolster 1, install on 9 and the corresponding mould 6 up and down of symmetrical stepped gear axle shaping, 8, mould 6 up and down, 8 separately lengthwise positions are provided with wedge shape tooth bar and wedge shaped projection, radially spiral regulator is by voussoir 2, spiral 3, locking nut 4 and handle 5 are formed, be used for the radial dimension of regulating tooth wheel shaft and compile being coefficient, the axial screw regulating device is by spiral 3, locking nut 4 and handle 5 are formed, and are used to adjust the left and right sides relative position of mould 6 and 8; Blank 7 enters by in the die cavity that mould 6,8 forms up and down, mould 6,8 to-and-fro motion in opposite directions up and down, and blank 7 is rolled into shape, promptly is processed as symmetrical stepped gear axle.