CN1296691C - Contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system - Google Patents
Contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1296691C CN1296691C CNB2004100965627A CN200410096562A CN1296691C CN 1296691 C CN1296691 C CN 1296691C CN B2004100965627 A CNB2004100965627 A CN B2004100965627A CN 200410096562 A CN200410096562 A CN 200410096562A CN 1296691 C CN1296691 C CN 1296691C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a diluting sampling system of tracking fixed sources at a constant velocity, which comprises a sampling head (1), a heating tube (2), a primary diluting cavity (3), a secondary diluting cavity (4), a stay chamber (5), a sampler (6), a data acquisition unit (7) and a pitot tube (8), wherein the sampling head (1) is connected with the heating tube (2) which is communicated with the primary diluting cavity (3), and the primary diluting cavity (3) is communicated with the secondary diluting cavity (4) through a flow controller (31); the secondary diluting cavity (4) is connected with the stay chamber (5); the sampler (6) is installed at the lower part of the stay chamber (5); the data acquisition unit (7) is connected with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure difference sensor and the flow controller. Through monitored pressure parameters in fixed source flues, the present invention realizes constant velocity in the entire sampling process, obtains the types, the quantities, the chemicals and the discharge regulation thereof of discharged granular substances, and provides accurate initial data for researching atmospheric environment pollution caused by smoke dust.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system, particularly a kind ofly can follow the trail of automatically and keep constant speed dilution to gather discharged particle dilution of sample sampling system stationary source discharged flue gas flow velocity.
Background technology
The soot emissions of stationary source are the important roots that causes atmospheric pollution, especially the particle that those particles are tiny, surface area is bigger, they are carrying out various complexity in long transmission course physics, chemical change cause adverse influence to health.
Monitoring for the stationary source emission gases is the formation mechanism of research atmospheric pollution, the important means of control polluted smoke emissions.At present, the monitoring device that stationary source is implemented more or less exists can not gather aerosol sample, can't carry out organic, element, ion analysis, can not carry out the flue dust particle diameter and cut apart sampling, can not measure the defectives such as true form of flue dust in being discharged into atmospheric environment.
Why needing to carry out the flue dust particle diameter and cut apart sampling, is because when particle during less than PM10, flue dust is more serious to the pollution of atmosphere, wherein the particle less than PM2.5 can directly enter the human body alveolar, virus is brought into, so, particularly important to the employing research of finely ground particles in the flue dust.
To various emission sources (comprising stationary source) when monitoring, organic aerocolloidal mensuration is unusual difficulty in the atmosphere.Its reason is: many organic compounds be present in simultaneously gas phase and gasoloid mutually in, so the ratio of gasoloid in two-phase is along with source emission variation of temperature and dilute strength in atmosphere changes.Because the temperature in the flue is very high, many organic gasoloid of existing with aerocolloidal state always is in flue and exists with gaseous state at normal temperatures, therefore can not catch gasoloid with the method for direct filtration particle from hot flue gases, but need to use specific device, flue gas is diluted processes such as the distribution between diffusion, solid phase and the gas phase of simulated flue gas in atmosphere, particle surface physics, chemical change.
Cut apart though the fixed source diluting channel sample system that Peking University develops in early days can carry out particle diameter, and catch aerosol particle, its particle diameter segmenting device assembling is complicated, is difficult to disassembly, cleaning.
In addition, measure the flue gas dust concentration and must adopt isokinetic sampling's method, promptly the flue gas speed that enters the sampling mouth should equate with the sampled point flue gas flow rate.Sampling air flow speed is greater than or less than the sampled point flue gas flow rate all will cause error at measurment.When sample rate during greater than the flue gas flow rate of sampled point, because the inertia of gas molecule is little, change direction easily, and grit inertia is big, be not easy to change direction, so the part air-flow beyond the edge of sampling mouth is drawn into the sampling mouth, and grit wherein advances by former direction, do not enter the sampling mouth, thereby cause measurement result on the low side; When sample rate during less than the sampled point flue gas flow rate, situation is just in time opposite, makes measurement result higher.
Isokinetic sampling's head of the fixed source diluting channel sample system of above-mentioned Peking University is the valve of a plurality of different-diameters, at first measure flue gas flow rate in the flue before the sampling, select suitable sampling head to assemble then, can not change in the sampling, but boiler velocity of flue gas instability in the flue system in discharge process in actual production, change frequent, so existing fixed source diluting channel sample system is difficult to the isokinetic sampling is carried out Tracing Control, be difficult to guarantee the overall process constant speed of sampling, this just makes resulting data produce deviation, existing fixed source diluting channel sample system exists bulkyly in addition, and quality is overweight, and the sampling head height is fixed, defective such as can not regulate, be difficult to be extensive use of in actual samples is used, applied sampled point is limited, the representative deficiency of resulting data.
In sum, to the tracking isokinetic sampling and the dilution change procedure of real simulated pm emission in atmosphere of stationary source discharging flue dust realization flue dust, are those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solutions thereby representative data are provided.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to adopt equipment existing deficiency and defective in the employing process that a kind of contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system is provided at above-mentioned existing stationary source fume emission, this device designs by the isokinetic sampling, optimization system structure and can be according to the variation of flue internal gas pressure, the dynamic adjustments sampling flow, guaranteed the overall process constant speed of sampling, made the loss minimum of stationary source gaseous sample.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts a kind of contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system, and this system comprises sampling head, heating tube, one-level dilution chamber, secondary dilution chamber, chamber, sampling thief, data acquisition unit and pitot tube at least; The endpiece of sampling head is connected with an end of described heating tube, the other end of this heating tube is communicated with described one-level dilution chamber, the first zero air generator and heat preservation components are installed on this one-level dilution chamber, and the gas outlet of this first zero air generator is by first mass flow controller and described one-level dilution chamber internal communication; The outlet of described one-level dilution chamber is communicated with an end of described secondary dilution chamber by flow controller; Described secondary dilution chamber is the pipeline of a sealing, and its other end connects the top of described chamber; Described chamber is a cylindrical container; The second zero air generators are installed on the described secondary dilution chamber, and the gas outlet of described the second zero air generators is by second mass flow controller and described secondary dilution chamber internal communication; Described sampling thief be installed in described chamber the bottom and with its internal communication; Described sampling thief is the grading sampling device that is used to gather PM2.5 particle and PM10 particle, and it constitutes the internal communication of wherein said cyclone separator and described chamber by cyclone separator, film holder, the 3rd mass flow controller and sampling pump series connection; The signal input part of described data acquisition unit respectively with described heating tube, described one-level dilution chamber, described secondary dilution chamber, described chamber on the temperature sensor that is provided be connected with humidity sensor, also be connected simultaneously with the signal output part of the differential pressure pickup, described first mass flow controller, described second mass flow controller, described the 3rd mass flow controller and the described flow controller that are provided with on the pitot tube; The signal output part of described data acquisition unit connects the outside computing machine that is used for deal with data and exports control signal.
In the such scheme, sampling head and pitot tube stretch into the stationary source passage, gather the stationary source discharged flue gas.The pure air that is produced with the first zero air generators in heating tube enters the one-level dilution chamber by the flue gas sample gathered mixes and by being installed in heat preservation component maintenance temperature and flow on the one-level dilution chamber.Pitot tube, flow controller and first mass flow controller are delivered to computing machine with flow signal by data acquisition unit, computing machine is gathered flow according to the stationary source pressure difference signal adjustment that pitot tube provides, make sample collecting speed identical with the stationary source discharge speed and this flow velocity is fed back to computing machine, thereby realize that constant speed follows the trail of by first mass flow controller and flow controller.
The mixed gas that enters in the one-level dilution chamber is further diluted in the secondary dilution chamber, simulated flue gas is in natural airborne dilution in proper order, at last, flue gas sample through the two poles of the earth dilution leaves standstill in chamber, simulate the nucleation growth process of its particle in natural air, by cyclone separator it is separated again and gather.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention is by the pressure parameter in the stationary source discharging flue of pitot tube monitoring, calculate corresponding flow velocity, flow, being transported to computing machine judges, really realized the overall process constant speed of sampling, variations such as physics, chemistry in the flue dust formation particle process in atmosphere have been simulated, be fixed kind, quantity, chemical constitution and its discharging rule of source emission particle, for research flue dust chemical composition and variation and flue dust provide raw data accurately to the pollution of atmospheric environment.
Below, also the present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings by specific embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flue gas flow direction synoptic diagram embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Embodiment
The structure of a specific embodiment of constant speed tracking fixed source diluting sampling apparatus provided by the present invention as shown in Figure 1.The composition that installs shown in the figure mainly comprises sampling head 1, heating tube 2, one-level dilution chamber 3, secondary dilution chamber 4, chamber 5, sampling thief 6, data acquisition unit 7 and pitot tube 8.
In carrying out stationary source (flue A) discharging flue gas sampling, sampling head 1 and pitot tube 8 are arranged in the stationary source, the endpiece of sampling head 1 is connected with an end of heating tube 2.The other end of heating tube 2 is communicated with the one-level dilution chamber 3 of a straight cylindrical pipeline shape.The place of connection with the other end of heating tube 2 on this one-level dilution chamber 3 is the inlet end of one-level dilution chamber 3.At the inlet end place of one-level dilution chamber 3, the gas outlet that the first zero air generator 9, the first zero air generators 9 are installed is communicated with one-level dilution chamber 3 by first mass flow controller 91.Be provided with heat preservation component 32 on the surface of one-level dilution chamber 3, this heat preservation component 32 can adopt by insulation material and make heat-insulation layer and wrap surface in one-level dilution chamber 3.
For the flue dust particle before entering secondary dilution chamber 4 that guarantees to gather does not lose, adopt the flue gas of 2 pairs of collections of heating tube to heat.
Be provided with coarse filtration net and filter courage in first zero air generators 9, wherein the coarse filtration net is used for removing the air coarseparticulate; The filter courage is used for removing the air fine particle.
The flue gas sample of gathering one-level dilution chamber 3 in from the pure air mixed diluting of the first zero air generators 9 and under the condition of maintenance temperature, the flow controller 31 that was communicated with by the outlet with one-level dilution chamber 3 enters secondary dilution chamber 4.
Flow controller 31 can adopt the venturi flow controller, the venturi flow controller have flow control accurately, can be connected on advantages such as can not bringing pollution among the pipeline into.Secondary dilution chamber 4 is the inverted U-shaped pipeline of a sealing, at the link place of itself and flow controller 31, the second zero air generators 10 is installed.The gas outlet of the second zero air generators 10 is by the internal communication of second mass flow controller 101 with secondary dilution chamber 4.Also be provided with the coarse filtration net and the filter courage that are used for removing the air coarseparticulate and are used for removing the air fine particle in second zero air generators 10.
The other end of secondary dilution chamber 4 connects the top of a chamber 5.Chamber 5 is a tubular rustless steel container.The a plurality of sampling thiefs 6 of installation evenly distribute in the bottom of chamber 5.Sampling thief 6 is by cyclone separator 61, film holder 62, the 3rd mass flow controller 63 and adopt pump 64 series connection to constitute, wherein the internal communication of cyclone separator 61 and chamber 5.Sampling thief 6 can carry out sample grading PM2.5 or PM10 particle by cyclone separator 61.
In addition, also be provided with the big flow isocon 41 of an end and its internal communication on secondary dilution chamber 4, the other end of this big flow isocon 41 is provided with a bypass flow controller 411, and the rear end of bypass flow controller 411 is provided with three separating flow sampling pumps 412.Bypass flow controller 411 and three separating flow sampling pumps 412 are formed a separating flow sampling passage.
In the present embodiment, the signal input part of data acquisition unit 7 respectively with heating tube 2, one-level dilution chamber 3, secondary dilution chamber 4, chamber 5 on the temperature sensor that is provided with is connected with humidity sensor, also be connected simultaneously with the signal output part of differential pressure pickup, first mass flow controller 91, second mass flow controller 101, the 3rd mass flow controller 63, bypass flow controller 411 and flow controller 31 of setting on the pitot tube 8.The signal output part of data acquisition unit 7 connects the outside computing machine connection that is used for deal with data and exports control signal.
The foregoing description is in sampling to the fume emission of stationary source, and the flow process of its air-flow as shown in Figure 2.Among the figure, being sampled flue gas in the flue is Q1 by the flow that heating tube enters the one-level dilution chamber.The charge flow rate of one-level zero air generator is Q2.If Q1 and Q2's and be 30L/min.The charge flow rate that enters secondary zero air generator of secondary dilution chamber is the summation that Q3 and above-mentioned flow 30L/min sum equal flow Q4 with the bypass flow Q5 of big flow isocon of chamber bottom sampling thief, just
Q1+Q2＝30L/min
Q3+30L/min＝Q4+Q5
Wherein: Q1---enter the flue gas flow of system, L/min;
Q2---the flow of the diluent air that one-level is clean, L/min;
Q3---the flow of the diluent air that secondary is clean, L/min;
Q4---total sampling flow, L/min.
Q5---big flow bypass flow, L/min
Pitot tube is the key that whole device is sampled.The change calculations of the pressure differential that can measure according to pitot tube goes out the variation of flue gas flow and flow velocity in the flue of mapping, being transported to computing machine judges, the signal of feedback is adjusted the diluent air flow, guarantees that sampling flow is stabilized in 30L/min, thereby reaches the isokinetic sampling.
The one-level dilution chamber guarantees that with the venturi flow controller the total sampling flow of one-level is constant in 30L/min, and the secondary dilution chamber adopts the inverted U design, has strengthened the incorporation time of turbulent flow, has reduced the absorption probability of particle at inwall again.Flue gas maintained the temperature at 120 degrees centigrade before entering the secondary dilution chamber, avoided the loss of particle.One-level zero air generator and secondary zero air generator are mixing in two dilution chamber respectively with flue gas after to the coarse filtration of air, fine filtering, removal organism, Reynolds number in the one-level dilution chamber reaches 5500, Reynolds number in the secondary dilution chamber reaches 10000, thereby guaranteed turbulent flow, made flue dust even with zero air mixed.
Because flue dust diluted back in atmosphere also has the process that the particle nucleation is grown up, this process is just finished by chamber in this device, and the residence time reaches 30 seconds, has guaranteed that particle has sufficient time nucleation to grow up.Carry out sample grading by sampling thief at last.The flow of sampling is controlled by mass flow controller, accurately Control Flow.The pressure difference signal of the pitot tube that this device can also obtain by computing machine, the throughput ratio of regulating clean diluent air and flue gas can be gathered the particle that forms under the different extension rates.In addition aspect the demonstration and record of data, also can adopting more intuitively, instrument shows, also can adopt computer to carry out data acquisition and signal countercharge on the other hand, parameters such as the temperature in the pen recorder sampling, humidity, pressure, flow, flow velocity, and the flow velocity of the gas of adjustment sampling in time, the real time on-line monitoring of realization system.
The advantage of present embodiment is: the tracking isokinetic sampling who has realized flue dust, guaranteed the overall process constant speed of whole device in sampling, can obtain different dilution ratios, the particle state of gathering is near the state of flue dust in atmosphere, reduced the loss of particle in experimentation to greatest extent, adopt computing machine to carry out whole process control, monitoring, make the data that obtain more true and reliable.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system is characterized in that: this system comprises sampling head (1), heating tube (2), one-level dilution chamber (3), secondary dilution chamber (4), chamber (5), sampling thief (6), data acquisition unit (7) and pitot tube (8) at least;
The endpiece of described sampling head (1) is connected with an end of described heating tube (2), the other end of this heating tube (2) is communicated with described one-level dilution chamber (3), the first zero air generator (9) and heat preservation components (32) are installed on this one-level dilution chamber (3), and the gas outlet of this first zero air generator (9) is by first mass flow controller (91) and described one-level dilution chamber (3) internal communication; The outlet of described one-level dilution chamber (3) is communicated with an end of described secondary dilution chamber (4) by flow controller (31); Described secondary dilution chamber (4) is the pipeline of a sealing, and its other end connects the top of described chamber (5); Described chamber (5) is a cylindrical container;
The second zero air generators (10) are installed on the described secondary dilution chamber (4), and the gas outlet of described the second zero air generators (10) is by second mass flow controller (101) and described secondary dilution chamber (4) internal communication;
Described sampling thief (6) be installed in described chamber (5) the bottom and with its internal communication; Described sampling thief (6) is for being used to gather the grading sampling device of PM2.5 particle and PM10 particle, it constitutes the internal communication of wherein said cyclone separator (61) and described chamber (5) by cyclone separator (61), film holder (62), the 3rd mass flow controller (63) and sampling pump (64) series connection;
The signal input part of described data acquisition unit (7) is connected with humidity sensor with described heating tube (2), described one-level dilution chamber (3), described secondary dilution chamber (4), the last temperature sensor that is provided with of described chamber (5) respectively, also is connected with the signal output part of last differential pressure pickup, described first mass flow controller (91), described second mass flow controller (101), described the 3rd mass flow controller (63) and the described flow controller (31) that is provided with of pitot tube (8) simultaneously; The signal output part of described data acquisition unit (7) connects the outside computing machine that is used for deal with data and exports control signal.
2, contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described one-level dilution chamber (3) is cylindrical pipeline always, and its place of connection with the other end of described heating tube (2) is the inlet end of described one-level dilution chamber (3); The gas outlet of described the first zero air generators (9) is installed in the inlet end place of described one-level dilution chamber (3) by first mass flow controller (91).
3, contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described flow controller (31) is the venturi flow controller.
4, contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described secondary dilution chamber (4) is an inverted U-shaped pipeline; The gas outlet of described the second zero air generators (10) is installed in the link place of described secondary dilution chamber (4) and described flow controller (31) by second mass flow controller (101).
5, according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling systems, it is characterized in that: also be provided with the big flow isocon (41) of an end and its internal communication on the described secondary dilution chamber (4), the other end of this big flow isocon (41) is provided with a separating flow sampling passage that is composed in series by bypass flow controller (411) and separating flow sampling pump (412); Described bypass flow controller (411) is connected with described data acquisition unit (7) input end.
6, contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described sampling thief (6) is more than one, and is uniformly set at the bottom of described chamber (5).
7, contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: be equipped with coarse filtration net and filter courage in described the first zero air generators (9) and the second zero air generators (10), wherein the coarse filtration net is used for removing the air coarseparticulate; The filter courage is used for removing the air fine particle.
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| CNB2004100965627A CN1296691C (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system |
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| CNB2004100965627A CN1296691C (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2004-12-03 | Contour tracking fixed source diluting sampling system |
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| CN1296691C true CN1296691C (en) | 2007-01-24 |
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